Life wisdom and the spirit of the times

1, what is philosophy?

(1) the philosophy is the systematic theory of the world outlook 2) philosophy is the natural, social and thinking knowledge summary and summary

2, what is the world outlook and methodology? What is the relationship between the two?

(1) the view of the world is the general view and fundamental view of the whole world and the relationship between people and the world. 2) methodology

(3) the relationship: Generally speaking, the world outlook determines methodology, methodology embodies the concept of the world, there is what kind of world outlook on the methodology. There is no way to escape from the view of the world, there is no world view of methodology. Philosophy is the unity of the world outlook and methodology.

3. What is the relationship between philosophy and concrete science?

(1) the concrete science is the foundation of philosophy, and the progress of science and the development of the philosophy.

(2) philosophy provides the guidance of world outlook and methodology for concrete science.

4. What is the basic problem of philosophy?

Is the relationship between thinking and existence problems: one is thinking and existence which is the most important problem. Different answers to this question, is the only standard of idealism and materialism;

Two is the problem of thinking and the existence of the same sex, that is, the correct understanding of the problem of thinking. The different answers to this question are divided into the theory of the known and the unknown.

5, the philosophy of the two basic factions is what? What are their fundamental differences?

Two basic categories: Materialism and idealism;

Fundamental differences: around the substance and awareness of who is the foundation of the problem.

6, the basic point of view of materialism

Materialism believes that the material is the origin, the first material to have consciousness, the

material determines consciousness.

7, the basic viewpoints of idealism

Idealism believes that consciousness is the primitive material depends on the consciousness, not the material determines consciousness, but consciousness decides the matter.

The only standard 8 and the division of materialism and idealism

The thinking and existence is the first problem of different answers.

9, what is the real philosophy?

Is the essence of the spirit of their own times: (1) is the spirit of the times of the summary and sublimation; (2) is the guide of social change

10, the generation of Marx's Philosophy

(1) the class foundation: the generation and development of the proletariat

(2) the Natural Science Foundation: cell theory, energy conservation and transformation law, biological evolution

(3) theory source: German classical philosophy, the most important of which is Hagel's dialectics and Feuerbach's materialism.

Three, Marx doctrine of China's 11 major theoretical results

(1) Mao Zedong thought is the great theoretical achievements in the process of combining Lenin Marx with China's concrete reality. (2) Deng Xiaoping's theory is the inheritance and development of Mao Zedong thought;

(3) "Three Represents" important thought is with Marxism Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping theory can be traced to the same origin of scientific system and keep pace with the times, is the latest achievements of the development of Chinese Marxism in.

Two, the exploration of the world and the pursuit of truth

1, the material concept of dialectical materialism

Matter is not dependent on the person's consciousness, and can reflect the objective reality of the human consciousness.

2, what is the nature of the world? The essence of the world is matter.

3, why is the real unity of the world lies in the material?

(1) nature is a matter of;

(2) the generation, existence and development of human society and its elements, which have the objective nature;

(3) the beginning of human consciousness is the product of society, which is produced in the process of human being and human society.

(4) therefore, the world is a matter of the world, the real unity of the world lies in its material nature.

4, what is the movement? Refers to all things, phenomena and processes in the universe.

5, the relationship between matter and movement

(1) there is no movement of the material in the world, movement is the fundamental attribute of matter and the way of existence;

(2) there is no movement in the world from the material, the material is the movement of the bear.

6, the relationship between exercise and rest

(1) the movement is absolute, unconditional and eternal; the stillness is relative, conditional and temporary;

(2) the physical world is the unity of absolute motion and relative stillness;

(3) only admits stationary and motion denied is invariant theory of metaphysics, only acknowledged the absolute motion denied relatively static leads to relativism and sophistry.

7, what is the law?

Law is an essential, necessary and stable relation in the course of the movement of things.

8, the regularity of the objectivity of the performance

Law does not take the will of the people as the transfer, can not be created, can not be eliminated.

9, the rule of universal performance

Nature, human society and human thought, in the process of its movement and development, have to follow its inherent law.

10, the regularity of objectivity and universality of the requirements of what?

We must abide by the law, and not to violate the law. Once it is against the objective law, people will be punished by the law. But people can understand and use the law.

11, what is the relationship between people and the law?

(1) the law is the inherent nature of the movement of things, the inevitable and stable connection. Is objective, universal, so people have to respect the law, according to the law.

(2) but, in the face of the objective law, the person is not powerless. On the basis of understanding and grasping the law, people can use the law to change the objective world and benefit the people according to the rule of law.

12, what is the nature of consciousness?

(1) consciousness is the product of the long-term development of the material world;

(2) consciousness is the function of the human brain;

(3) consciousness is the reflection of the objective existence.

13, what is the role of consciousness?

(1) people can understand the world in a dynamic way: the consciousness activity has the purpose and the plan; the consciousness activity has the initiative and the creativity.

(2) people can actively transform the world: the consciousness of the transformation of the objective world has a guiding role; awareness of human physiological activities have the role of regulation and control.

14, what is "everything from reality, seeking truth from facts"?

Refers to the things we do to respect the objective laws of the motion of matter, starting from the objective existence of things, to find out the inherent in things and not imaginary regularity, use them as the basis for our actions.

15, why should adhere to the "everything from the reality, seeking truth from facts"?

Is the basic requirement that we do all kinds of things, is also the premise and requirement of the

proletarian political party to formulate and implement the correct line, principles and policies.

16, how to do "everything from the reality, seeking truth from facts"?

(1) to bring into play the subjective initiative and respect for the objective laws of the combination, the high degree of revolutionary enthusiasm with the rigorous practical scientific attitude;

(2) to oppose both exaggerated the dynamic role of consciousness of voluntarism, and also against the one-sided emphasis on the objective conditions, complacent and conservative, inaction thought.

17, what is the practice? What are the three characteristics?

Practice is the transformation of the objective world of the objective world of all material activities. One, the practice is the material activity which takes the human as the main body, takes the objective thing as the object; two, the practice is a kind of direct reality activity, the existence of the idea in the people's mind becomes the existence.

Features: (1) the practice of objective material (2) practice has a subjective initiative (3) practice with social history

18, why to say that practice is the basis of understanding?

(1) practice is the source of knowledge; (2) practice is the motive power of the development of cognition; (3) practice is the only standard of the truth of the test; (4) the practice is the purpose and destination of understanding.

19, what is the truth? What is wrong?

Truth is the correct understanding of the objective things and their laws; the fallacy is not consistent with the objective object.

20. What is the most basic attribute of truth?

Objectivity is the most basic attribute.

21, the truth is the embodiment of the specific conditions in where?

(1) the truth is conditional. Any truth has its own conditions and scope of application, if beyond the conditions and scope, the truth will become a fallacy

(2) the truth is concrete. Truth is both subjective and objectiveThe unity of theory and practice.

(3) the truth conditional and concrete show that truth and falsehood are often accompanied by. `

22, why is the pursuit of truth is a process?

(1) with recurrent understanding;

(2) the knowledge is infinite;

(3) the development process of knowledge is a wave type forward or spiral rise process.

23, how to understand and discover the truth?

Advancing with the times, pioneering and innovative, in the practice of understanding and discovery of truth, in the practice of testing and development of the truth, is our unremitting pursuit and eternal mission.

24, the point of view is a general feature of materialist dialectics.

Three, thought method and innovation consciousness

1, what is the link? What are the characteristics of the connection?

The so-called relationship is the mutual influence, mutual restriction and interaction between things and the internal elements of things.

Features: (1) contact with the universal (2) with the objective (3) contact with diversity

2, what is the universality of contact?

The universal nature of the connection is that everything in the world is connected with the other things around.

3, the objectivity of the contact and the requirements of what?

(1) the meaning: the objectivity of the connection refers to the inherent nature of the thing itself, and not to the person's will;

(2): A, contact objectivity demands that we must grasp things from the inherent connection, avoid by all means is subjective and arbitrary; second, however, the contact is objective, does not mean that the contact of things people helpless. One can change the state of things, adjust the original connection, and establish a new relationship according to the inherent relation of things.

(3) according to the relation between the contact and the practice, the connection can be divided into: the contact of the thing in itself and the connection of the human being.

4, the diversity of contact and what is the requirement?

(1) things in the world differ in thousands of ways, and the links between things are diverse;

(2) the diversity of contact requires us to pay attention to the analysis and grasp of the various conditions of the existence and development of things. The favorable conditions for the in the process of recognizing and reforming the world, it is necessary to pay attention to the objective conditions, but also appropriate use their own subjective conditions; it is necessary to grasp the internal conditions of things, must pay attention to the things of the external conditions; it is necessary to understand things, but also pay attention to the things of the adverse conditions. In short, all the time, place and condition for the transfer.

5, what is the whole and part? What is the dialectical relationship between them?

(1) the meaning of the whole refers to the overall situation and the development of the whole process, from the number of it is a part of the local and the development of the various stages, from the number of it is more.

(2): (1) it is different: the overall living in a dominant position, the overall commander of the part, with part does not have the function; part in the existence and development of the process of things in position of being dominated and the part is subordinate to and serve the overall;

(2) contact: the whole is made up of parts, leaving the part, the whole will not exist. Part of the function and its changes will affect the overall function, the key part of the function and its changes and even the overall function of the decision;

Part is part of the whole, leaving the whole, part of it is not part of it. The overall functional status and changes also affect the part.

6, to grasp the overall and part of the relationship is of great significance?

(1) should establish the overall concept, based on the whole, overall planning, select the best program to achieve the overall goal of the best, so as to achieve the overall function of more than part of the function and;

(2) we must pay attention to the role of the part, do a good job in part, with the local development to promote the overall development.

7, the development of universal is what?

(1) the development of nature. The whole of nature experienced a from inorganic to organic matter, from nonliving matter to life material, from the material life to the people of long forward and rising.

(2) the development of human society. The replacement of social form indicates that human society is a process of continuous development;

(3) people's understanding of the development of. Understanding is not the end, any theory is constantly developing. The accumulation of people's knowledge will experience a process from knowing to know, from not knowing much to knowing more, and also have a process from shallow to deep.

8, what is the essence of development?

The essence of development is the progress and rise of things, the production of new things and the destruction of old things.

9, what is the standard to judge the old and new things?

The basic symbol is whether the inevitable trend of the development of colleagues in accordance with the.

10, why is it that the development of the future is bright?

(1) new things accord with objective law, have strong vitality and broad development prospects, and old things against the inevitable trend of historical development, thus, will eventually die;

(2) new things to overcome old things negative, decay, and outdated things, learn the positive and reasonable factors, and add the old things cannot accommodate the new content and therefore has some old things are incomparable superiority.

(3) in the field of social history, the new things in line with the historical development of the inevitable trend, reflecting the basic requirements of social progress, in line with the fundamental interests of the people and the requirements of the people's support and support;

(4) as a result, new things must be in place of the old ones.

11, why is the development of the road is tortuous?

(1) the development of new things to experience a small to large, from imperfection to perfection;

(2) the new things have their own weaknesses and imperfections;

(3) there is also a process of recognition of new things;

(4) the old things are often more powerful at the beginning, always stubborn resistance and try

to kill the new things;

(5) it is a long and tortuous process for new things to overcome the old.

12, what is the direction of the development of things?

The direction of development is forward and up, but the road is tortuous.

13, what is the status of the development of things?

Quantitative and qualitative change is two kinds of state of development of things.

14, what is the change?

(1) quantitative: refers to the number of things or places change is a gradual, no significant change; (unified, the stalemate and the static balance, are presented in the process of quantitative change of state)

Qualitative change (2): refers to the change of the basic nature of things, things by a state to another germplasm state leap is a fundamental and significant changes. (Unified decomposition, balance and static destruction are showing a qualitative change in the process of the state)

What is the dialectical relationship between the 15, quantitative and qualitative changes? Ask us how to do?

(1) the relationship between the development of things always starts from quantitative, quantitative change is the necessary preparation for the qualitative change and qualitative change is the inevitable result of quantitative; second, qualitative and quantitative to pave the way, make things on the basis of new start new quantitative.

(2): things, do anything should start from the little things bit by bit, and actively do a good job in the amount of accumulation, to achieve a qualitative change to create conditions; second, equivalent change has reached a certain level, to seize the opportunity, facilitating the qualitative change, realize the leap and development.

16, what is the source of the development of things and power?

The source and motive force of the development of things are contradictory.

17, the view of contradiction is the basic point of materialist dialectics.

18, what is the contradiction? What are the two basic properties?

(1) contradiction is a philosophical category which reflects the internal opposition and unity of

things. In short, the contradiction is the unity of opposites.

(2) basic properties: the struggle and the identity.

19, what is the universality of contradiction? What are the requirements?

The universality of contradiction is refers to: (1) the contradiction that exists in all things, that there are contradictions; (2) conflicts throughout every process of the development of things always, instant when there are contradictions.

Requirements: (1) to recognize the contradiction of universality is to adhere to the premise of materialist dialectics; (2) for any thing, we have to admit contradiction, contradiction analysis, and the courage to expose contradictions, and actively looking for the right way to resolve contradictions.

20, what is the particularity of contradiction? What does it show?

The particularity of contradiction refers to: the contradictory thing and each side has its characteristic.

Performance:?Different things have different contradictions, different contradictions constitute a thing that distinguishes him from the special nature of things; (2) the same thing in different processes and different stages of development have different contradictions;

(3) the two different aspects of the same thing, the same thing, have their own particularity.

21, the contradiction between universality and particularity of the relationship?

(1) the relationship between universality and particularity, which is the common and individual character, the individual and the general relations, is the essence of the contradiction;

(2) generally resides in particularity, and through a special performance, no particularity is not universal;

(3) particularity cannot be separated from universality, one thing is always in common with other things of the same kind.

(4) in a certain occasion for the universality of things, in another occasion is special, and vice versa.

22, the contradiction between universality and particularity of the dialectical relationship between the guiding significance

Contradiction between universality and particularity of the dialectical relation principle is the

essence of the things about the problem,, is philosophical foundation of the combination of the universal principles of Marxism and the concrete practice of China, we are building socialism with Chinese characteristics. The theoretical basis. Efforts to explore the process of China's socialist construction and reform of the special law, it reflects the universality and particularity of the unity of contradictions.

23, what is the primary and secondary contradictions? How is the relationship between them?

(1) the main contradiction refers to: in the process of the development of things in a dominant position, the development of things play a decisive role in the conflict;

(2) the secondary contradiction refers to the contradiction that is in a subordinate position and can not play a decisive role in the development of things;

(3) the relation: the primary and secondary contradictions are interdependent and influence each other, and under certain conditions.

24, what is the primary and secondary aspects of contradiction? What is the dialectical relationship between them?

In the two aspects of a contradiction, there must be a party in a dominant position, leading role, this is the main aspect of contradiction; while the other side is in a dominant position, this is the main aspect of the contradiction. The nature of things is mainly determined by the main aspects of the principal contradiction.

The main aspects of the contradiction and the secondary aspects of mutual exclusion, and mutual dependence, and under certain conditions of mutual transformation.

25, adhere to the two sides of the contradiction analysis, two points on the unity of understanding and focus on Methods

(1) to adhere to the two sides of the contradiction analysis law, adhere to the two points and the unity of the focus;

(2) insist on the theory of two points is in the understanding of complex things, both to see the principal contradiction, but also see the secondary contradiction; in the understanding of a contradiction, it is necessary to see the contradictions, but also to see the contradictions of secondary aspect;

(3) to insist on the point of view, that is, to understand the complex things, to grasp the main contradiction; in the understanding of a contradiction should focus on grasping the main aspects of the contradiction, to seize the mainstream.

(4) the two points of dialectics are two points, which are two important points. It is not balanced

theory; the key point is the key point of two points.

26, what is the specific analysis of specific issues?

Under the guidance of the universal principle of contradiction, the specific analysis of the particularity of the contradiction, and find out the correct way to solve the contradiction. It's the living soul of Marx.

27, why specific issues specific analysis?

(1) the concrete analysis of concrete problems is the basis of our correct understanding of things. The internal contradictions of things have their own particularity, the specific analysis of the particularity of contradictions, in order to distinguish the things that are not homogeneous;

(2) the concrete analysis of concrete problems is the key to solve the problem correctly. Only by grasping the particularity of contradiction, can we find the correct way to solve the contradiction.

28, the meaning and essence of dialectical negation?

(1) the meaning of the dialectical negation is the negation of the thing itself, that is, they deny themselves, their own development.

(2) the essence of dialectical negation is "discard", to overcome the negative content of old things, and to keep the positive and reasonable factors in the old things.

29. What is the fundamental way to achieve the creation of new things and to promote the demise of the old things?

The basic approach is the dialectical negation.

30. What is the requirement of dialectical negation?

(1) must establish a sense of innovation, do not only, not only book, only the truth;

(2) not only to respect the book knowledge, respect for authority, but also based on practice, emancipate the mind, seek truth from facts, with the times, and constantly realize the theory and practice of innovation and development.

31, according to the essence of the dialectical method is what? Why?

Dialectics, in its essence, is a revolutionary and innovative.

Because (1) the dialectics in the understanding of existing things certainly contains the understanding of the negation of existing things, that of existing things inevitable demise of

understanding; (2 dialectics of every kind of the form are from constantly in motion, and from its temporary aspects to understand; (3) dialectic do not worship anything.

32. What is the requirement of the revolutionary spirit and critical thinking of dialectics?

(1) the dialectical method of the revolutionary critical spirit requires us to break through and not match the actual into Chen said, get rid of the backward ideas.

(2) the revolutionary critical spirit of dialectics requires us to pay attention to the new situation, to be good at raising new questions, to find new ways of thinking, and to establish new ideas.

33. What is the difference between the materialist dialectics and the school? What is the fundamental difference?

(1) differences: the dialectical method to use the contact, development, comprehensive point of view to see the problem; the line and school with isolated, static, one-sided view of the point of view

2 basic differences: whether to admit the contradiction, whether to admit the contradiction is the source and power of the development of things.

Four, the understanding of society and the value of choice

1, what is social existence and social consciousness?

(1) social existence refers to the material aspect of social life, and its most important and fundamental content is the mode of production of material information;

(2) social consciousness refers to the spiritual aspect of social life, which is the general name of all kinds of spiritual life phenomena in human society.

2. What is the dialectical relationship between social consciousness and social existence?

(1) social existence determines social consciousness. Including distortion of false social consciousness in the final analysis is the reflection of social existence. What kind of social existence there is a kind of social consciousness, social existence of changes in the development of social awareness of the changes in the development of social consciousness

(2) social consciousness reaction on social existence: behind the social awareness of social development obstacle, advanced social consciousness can be correctly predicted the direction and trend of social development, the positive role of social development.

3. What is the basis of the existence and development of human society?

The mode of production is the basis of the existence and development of human society, which determines the nature and appearance of society, and determines the change and replacement of social form.

4, what is the basic contradiction of human society?

(1) the contradiction between productive forces and production relations, the economic basis and superstructure, is the basic contradiction that runs through the human society.

(2) production relations must adapt to the laws of the state of the productive forces, the superstructure must adapt to the laws of economic conditions, is the universal law in any society.

5, the basic contradiction of the socialist society is what?

It is the contradiction of productive relations.

6, production relations must be suitable for the law of the situation of productive forces

(1) productivity determines production relations, changes in productivity development, sooner or later will cause the change of production relations;

(2) production relations have counter productive forces. When the productive relations adapt to the development of productive forces, the development of the productive forces plays a role in promoting the development of productive forces, when the productive relations are not adapted to the development of the productive forces, the development of the productive forces can hinder the development of productive forces.

7. What is the general trend of social and historical development? Through what way to achieve?

(1) the general trend of social and historical development is progressive, rising, and the development process is tortuous.

(2) in the class society, the solution of the social basic contradiction is realized through the class struggle; the basic contradiction of the socialist society is completed through the reform. Reform is the self perfection and development of socialism.

8, to promote the development of human society, the driving force, the fundamental driving force, a strong force, the direct power of what is?

(1) the driving force for social development is innovation;

(2) social developmentThe fundamental motive force of the development is the basic contradiction movement of human society, namely, the contradiction between productive forces and production relations.

(3) the powerful driving force for the development of the socialist society is the reform;

(4) the direct motive force of the development of the class society is the class struggle.

9, why is it that the people are the creators of history?

(1) social history, the first is the history of the development of material production, is the history of the masses of the people to create;

(2) the people are the creators of social material wealth. Their production activities are the basis of social existence and development;

(3) the people are the creators of social spiritual wealth. The people's life and practice is the source of spiritual wealth, to provide the necessary material conditions for the creation of spiritual wealth, the people also directly create spiritual wealth;

(4) the people are the power of social change.

10, what is the people?

The people are the people who promote the social history, including the common people, including the outstanding people. The masses of the people are historical, but the main body is the working people.

11, what is the basic content of the masses view?

I believe that the people themselves, and serve the people wholeheartedly, all to the people, with an open mind to learn from the masses.

12, the basic content of the mass line is what?

All for the masses, all rely on the masses, from the masses, to the masses.

13. What is the fundamental leadership method and working method of the proletarian political party?

The fundamental leadership method and working method of the proletarian political party is the mass line.

14, adhere to the views of the masses and the mass line of what is the significance?

(1) is an important guarantee for our party to lead the Chinese people to win the victory of the Democratic revolution;

(2) is an important guarantee for the victory of the socialist revolution and the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

15, what is the value of the philosophical sense?

Refers to a thing that has the property and function to meet the needs of the subject.

16, what is the value of people? What aspects does it include?

(1) the value of man lies in the creation of value, in the responsibility and contribution of society, that is, to meet the needs of the society, the others and their own through their own activities.

(2) the value of a person includes: the responsibility and contribution of the individual to the society; the respect and satisfaction of the society to the individual.

17, the evaluation of a person with no value of the standard is what?

Mainly to see his contribution, that is, to the social development and the cause of human progress.

18, what is the value?

Refers to people in the understanding of the value of a variety of specific things on the basis of the value of the total value of the formation of the total view and fundamental point of view. In essence, the concept of value is the social consciousness, which has a significant effect on the social existence, and has an important role in driving, restricting and guiding the behavior of people.

19, the guiding role of values reflected in where?

(1) values have an important guiding role in people's understanding of the world and the transformation of the world. Values affect people's understanding and evaluation of things.

(2) plays an important role in guiding values for the choice of the road of life, we can have a better life buoy.

20, how to make the correct value judgment and value choice?

(1) according to the law of social development, consciously stand in the position of the majority of the people.

(2) when personal interests with the people's interests conflict, to consciously stand in the position of the people's choice; when the personal interests conflict with the interests of the

people, to understand and respect the legitimate choice of others; when there is no conflict between the personal interests and social, collective, and others, to the individual, collective and social unity as their own selection criteria.

21, why can we say that in the labor and dedication to create value?

(1) the greater the wealth created by a man in his work, the greater the contribution to society and the people, the greater the value of itself; (2) the work is the way of the human being. Only in the work of labor in order to demonstrate and play their own intellectual and physical strength, so as to realize and prove their value. In socialist society, labor is an important means to create a better life and promote the free and comprehensive development of human beings.

(3) actively engaged in the practice of serving the people, is the only way to realize the value of life, but also a fundamental way to have a happy life

22, how can we realize the value in the unity of the individual and the society?

(1) the objective conditions provided by the society are the basis for people to realize the value of life. It is impossible to completely break away from the "personal struggle" and "self realization" of the society;

(2) emphasizes the realization of the value of the individual in the unity of the society, does not deny the pursuit of personal development. The unique way of contribution to others and society.