高中英语知识点大全(18):be certain/ be sure的用法
1、be certain/ be sure
be uncertain about意思是“对……不确定(没把握)”
uncertain的词根是certain,意思是“确信的,有把握的”,常用于以下结构:
(1)be certain(sure) to do sth.“肯定会做……”(表示某事将要发生)。如:
He is certain(sure) to come next Sunday.
(2)be certain(sure) of/ about sth.“确信、有把握”(表示某个人的思想状态)。如: We are certain/ sure of victory.
(3)名词从句作主语时,一般多用certain.
It is certain that he will come.
2、be different from 与……不同
Your idea is different from mine. 你的想法和我的不同。
对比:make sb./ sth. different from使某人/某物不同于……
Her special accent makes her different from others. 她特殊的口音使她与众不同。
3、be familiar with/be familiar to
be familiar with的主语是有生命的事,意为“某人对人、事熟悉”;be familiar to 的主语是无生命的事物,意为“某人/事为某人所熟悉”,对比:He is very familiar with the names of plants in English.他很熟悉植物的英语名称。Suzhou and Hangzhou are familiar to many foreigners.苏州和杭州为许多外国人所熟悉。
I’m not familiar with European history./European history is not familiar to me.我对欧洲历史不太熟悉。
注意:be familiar with/to 还表示“精通、通晓”
如:French is as familiar to him as English.他对法语就象对英语一样精通。
[应用] 一句多译
①这些事实是每个学生都熟悉的。
②她精通4种语言。
Key:①These facts are familiar to every schoolboy./Every shoolboy is familiar with these facts.
②She is familiar with four languages./Four languages are familiar to her.
高中英语知识点大全(31):can/may/must表推测的用法
1、can/may/must表推测的用法
can, may, must等都可用于表推测,但它们的含义和用法不同。
must语气最肯定,指“一定、必定”,只用于肯定句中。“must+动词原形”表示对现在情况的推测;“must + have + done ”表示对过去情况的推测。如:
Mum must be cooking supper now.妈妈现在一定在做晚饭。
He must have finished his work.他一定完成他的工作了。
May/might 表示“或许,可能”。如:
Tom may go abroad next year.汤姆明年可能要出国。
She might have finished the work.她可能已完成这项工作了。
He can’t know the answer.他不可能知道这个答案。
can/could 表示“可能,会”,我用于否定和疑问句中。如:
Could she he at home?她可能在家吗?
can,表示一时的情况,意为“有时侯会……”。
can的这种用法,只用在肯定句中。如:
Children are lovely, but they can be tiring.
Training by yourself in a game can be highly dangerous.
2、case 用法小结
(1)名词case的词意
①意为“情形、情况”。
If that’s the case, you’ll have to work much harder.如果是那种情形的话,你将不得不更加努力地工作。
②意为“病例、案例”。
There were seven cases of cholera.有7起霍乱的病例。
The civil case will be heard in court next week. 这一案件将于下星期审理。 ③意为“箱、盒、容器”。
John bought a case of beer.约翰买了一箱啤酒。
(2)由case构成的短语
①in case 意为“因为可能发生某事、以防万一”,是介词短语,在句中作状语,常可置于句尾;也可用做连词,后跟that从句(that常省略),表示条件或目的,从句谓语习惯用should+动词原形(should常省略)或陈述语气。
It may rain—you’d better take an umbrella(just)in case(it does).可能下雨——你最好带把雨伞,以防万一。
In case(=If)he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait.如果他在我回来之前到,请让他等一下。
He doesn’t dare to leave the house in case(that)he should be recognized.他不敢出门,生怕被认出来。
②in that case 意为“既然那样、假若是那样的话”,用来承接上文。
In that case, you wouldn’t have a pan on fire. You’d have a house on fire!要是那样,你就不光使锅着火,你还会把房子烧起来。
You don’t like the job? In that case why don’t you leave?你不喜欢这份工作?那你怎么不辞掉呢?
He may be late. In that case we ought to wait for him.他可能迟到,因此我们应该等他。
③in any case 意为“无论如何、总之”。
We have to help him to pay the debt in case.我们无论如何要帮他还债。
④in no case 意为“在任何情形下决不、无论如何都不”,用于句首时句子要进行部分倒装。
In no case shall I forget the expression on her face.我决不会忘记她脸上的表情。 ⑤in case of sth. 意为“若发生某事、如果、假如”,是短语介词,后接名词、代词、-ing形式作宾语。
In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.遇火警时立即按警铃。
In case of rain(=In case it rains),they can’t go.要是下雨,他们就走不了了。
In case of his being absent, we’ll put off the meeting till next week.如果他缺席,我们就会把会议推迟到下周。
⑥in the case of 意为“至于、就……来说”,是短语介词。
In the case of your debt, I’ll pay it off for you.至于你的欠款,我会替你还清的。
3、catch fire/ on fire
catch fire 意为“着火”,表示动作。on fire 意为“着火、在燃烧”,表示状态。如: Suddenly a pan of oil catches fire.
Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above to escape.
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