大连理工大学网络教育学院

商务英语写作辅导资料五

主 题：对Unit 5报告(Reports)知识点的补充

学习时间：20xx年10月29日－11月4日

内 容：

1. Introduction（概述）

The use of a report

Reports normally report the end product of thorough investigation and analysis. They present ordered information to decision-makers in various fields: business, industry, education, medicine, government, and etc.

A good report is about one clearly defined subject and is accurate and up-to-date. It includes everything the reader needs to know, and omits irrelevant information. It is easy to read and understand, and is clearly presented.

报告是通过彻底的调查和分析得出的最终产物，可为商业、工业、教育、医药、政府等各个领域和部门的决策者提供有条不紊的信息。

一篇好报告应具有主题清晰、内容精确和报道及时的特点。它通俗易懂，阐述清晰。

2. Types and contents of reports

It is important to remember that reports can be long, short, formal or informal. Generally, we divide the types of reports according to the length of reports: long reports and short reports. Short business reports also include two types: short report in letter/memorandum form and formal short report.

A long report, meanwhile, is a formal report; it is a systematic, logical statement of facts, ideas, and recommendations commissioned by – and targeted to – a special reader who needs the report to make a sound business decision. It consists of prefatory parts, body of the report and supplementary parts.

Short report in letter/memorandum form is usually considerably longer than a business letter/memorandum. The content of such a report is more important and more permanent than that of the usual business letter/memorandum.

A formal short report may be an important report which transmits material with very little analysis, or it may be an analytical report that interprets the information submitted, or it may be a recommendation report that includes most features of information report, but also has an extra section advice on specific actions that could be taken to solve problem.

报告可以是长篇、短篇、正式或非正式的报告。

通常我们根据篇幅的长短将报告划分为长篇报告和短篇报告。短篇报告包括书信式或备忘录式短篇报告和正式短篇报告。

一篇长篇报告同时也是一篇正式报告，它对事实、观点和建议提供系统的、逻辑的陈述，它是受某人委托或是呈递给需要作出重要商业决策的当事人。

书信式或备忘录式短篇报告篇幅通常要比商务书信或备忘录长一些。这种报告的内容要比一般的商务书信或备忘录的内容更重要，保存更长久。

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一篇短篇正式报告可以是一篇信息型报告，仅提供事实，并不进行分析；或是一篇分析型报告，分析解释事实；或是一篇建议型报告，不仅具有信息型报告的大部分特点，而且还提出建议的行动步骤，用于解决报告所研究的问题。

1) Long report

①正文前书页部分：包括主题页，传递信，目录表，图表和摘要。

主题页：报告标题要能准确概括报告的主题和目的。报告的名称要用大写字母打印，并在报告的主题页开头标明。然后标明报告所呈送人的姓名、头衔及所在部门名称。在主题页的下方标明作者的姓名及呈送日期。

传递信：传递信的格式与商业信函的格式相同，包括作者的地址、邮编和传递日期。传递信能提供有关报告所要研究的问题的必要信息，特别是介绍报告的主题，陈述怎样被授权写此报告；对所研究的问题进行简要的描述；强调报告的调查结果、结论和建议。

目录表：目录表通常以提纲的形式出现。所有的标题和副标题都要列出，还要附图表标题及页码，以便读者查找。

插图表：插图表放在目录表的后面。一般情况下有几个插图或图解，每一个都标有标题和页码。

摘要：当报告的其他部分完成之后，就应该写摘要了。摘要应写出整个报告的要点。陈述报告所研究的问题以及为何要写这个报告。摘要的长度由报告的长度决定，一般每15页为摘要1页。

②正文部分：由前言、正文、结论和建议组成。

前言：包括与报告有关的背景，陈述主题、目的和解决问题的办法，总结调查结果。

正文：正文是长篇报告中最大的一部分，应该易读、易懂。正文总是接在前言之后，由许多一级标题的段落组成。每一个段落按逻辑顺序和轻重顺序排列。段落之间的逻辑顺序为：从主要到次要，从部分到整体，从第一到最后。或者运用演绎法和归纳法来进行讨论、分析和评价研究结果或解决方案，用足够的证据来支持你的结论和建议。标题在正文部分中很重要，清楚的标题有助于段落阐释，或帮助读者确认段落的目的。

结论：结论是一个非常重要的部分，它总结报告主要的调查结果，陈述调查结果的内容，解决报告最初提出的问题。

建议：建议必须以结论为基础，需要在报告正文中清楚地陈述所提建议的根据。建议如果是可行的、合理的，就会大有用处。

③附录部分：由附录和参考文献或参考书组成。

附录：包括示意图、图表和图解。

参考文献或参考书目：包括作者、标题、出版社、出版日期以及其他在报告里所引用的重要数据和观点。

2) Short report

①A letter/memorandum report looks like a letter/memorandum, but it is longer than a business letter/memorandum. In a letter report, a letter head should be written on the writing paper, and the heading report consists of concluding remarks, signature,

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title, reference initials and any necessary special parts. The letter/memorandum style and punctuation style may be any of those used for a business letter/memorandum.

书信式或备忘录式短篇报告看上去与商业书信或备忘录差不多，但是前者篇幅要比后者更长一些。两者在格式与标点符号用法方面是一样的。

②A formal short report consists of the title page, table of content, body, graphic aids and bibliography. It may be informational or analytical, in which the writer only transmits information with very little analysis or interprets the information submitted.

A summary of relevant data should be concluded and the recommendations on actions to be taken may also appear in the short report.

When we plan to write a short report, direct order may be used in your writing. That means the conclusions or recommendations are placed at the beginning of the report. The main idea is followed up by supporting information. Section headings should also be used in your writing, because it can guide the reader through the information presented.

一篇正式短篇报告由主题页、目录表、正文、图解表和参考书目组成。通常将结论或者建议置于报告开头。接下来运用大量事实来支撑主要观点，在写作过程中需要段落标题。

3. 例题：报告的写作要点（本课难点）

1) 语意明了：

Not-quite-right word choices are particularly damaging in reports, which may be skimmed by readers who know very little about the subject. Occasionally you can simply substitute a word.

错误：With these recommendations, we can overcome the solutions to our problem. 正确：With these recommendations, we can overcome our problem.或

With these recommendations, we can solve our problem.

2) 言简意赅：

Eliminate unnecessary words, use gerund and infinitives, combine sentences, and reword sentences to cut the number of words.

冗长(wordy)：Campus Jewelers main objective is to increase sales. Specifically, the objective is to double sales in the next five years by becoming a more successful business.

较简明：Campus Jewelers’ objective is to double sales in the next five years.

3) 言之有据：

The first time you cite author’s work, use his or her full name: “Rosabeth Moss Kanter points out ...” In subsequent citations, use only the last time “Kanter shows ...”.

The verb you use indicates your attitude toward the source. Says and writes are neutral. Points out, shows, suggests, discovers, and notes suggest that you agree with the source. Words such as claims, argues, contends that and believes distance you from the source.

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练习题（重点练习）

1. 改错：Correct the 9 mistakes in the following section of a report including: 〃Singular/plural mistakes, especially in:

headings

expressions usually ending in plurals

〃Bad grammar in comparative phrases

〃Bad grammar in suggestions and recommendations

〃Wrong parts of speech

〃Misuse of auxiliary verbs

〃Misuse of staff

2. Improve the following sentences.

1) Wordy: If we go to the details of the questionnaire design, we may also find many problems in the questionnaires. The major ones are as follows:

Concise:

2) Vague: The conference should have begun in last semester but not due to various reasons, my apologies for this.

Better:

3) Vague: A good salesman is a good actor. He has to be able to and be in order to know what his audience wants and when he wants it.

Better:

4) Incorrect: Not only the manager attended the meeting but also the president. Better:

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答案：

1.

2.

1) Concise: A look into the details of the questionnaire reveals such problems as ...

2) Better: The conference should have been held last semester but it was not, and its postponement was due to various reasons. But I am responsible, and here I apologize for the delay.

3) A good salesman has to be able to know what his clients want and when they want it.

4) Both the manager and the president attended the meeting. 或

Not only the manager, but also the president attended the meeting.

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