高一英语知识点汇总

高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析

Unit1-2

☆重点句型☆

1. What should a friend be like? 询问对方的看法

2. I think he / she should be?表示个人观点的词语

3. I enjoy reading / I'm fond of singing / I like playing computer games. 等表示喜好的词语

4. Chuck is on a flight when suddenly his plane crashes.

“when"作并列连词的用法

5. What / Who / When / Where is it that...? 强调句的

特殊疑问句结构

6. With so many people communicating in English everyday,

... “with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语

7. Can you tell me how to pronounce...? 带连接副词

(或代词)的不定式做宾补的用法

☆重点词汇☆

1. especially v. 特别地

2. imagine v. 想像

3. alone adv. / adj. 单独，孤独的

4. interest n. 兴趣

5. everyday adj. 每天的，日常的

6. deserted adj. 抛弃的

7. hunt v. 搜寻

8. share v. 分享

9. care v. 在乎，关心

10. total n. 总数

11. majority n. 大多数

12. survive v. 生存，活下来

13. adventure n. 冒险

14. scared adj. 吓坏的

15. admit v. 承认

16. while conj. 但是，而

17. boring adj. 令人厌烦的

18. except prep. 除??之外

19. quality n. 质量

20. favourite adj. 最喜爱的

☆重点短语☆

1. be fond of爱好

2. treat?as?把??看作为??

3. make friends with 与??交朋友

4. argue with sb. about / over sth. 与某人争论某事

5. hunt for寻找

6. in order to为了

7. share?with与??分享

8. bring in引进；赚钱

9. a great / good many许多?

10. have difficulty (in) doing做??有困难 2

11. end up with以??结束

12. except for除??之外

13. come about发生

14. make(a)fire生火

15. make yourself at home别拘束

16. the majority of大多数

17. drop sb. a line给某人写短信

18. for the first time第一次

19. at all根本；竟然

20. have a (good) knowledge of?精通??

☆短语闯关☆

下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?

l. be fond ____ 喜欢，爱好 of

2. hunt ____ 搜索。追寻，寻找 for

3. in to ____ 为了 order

4. care ____ 担心，关心 about

5. such ____ 例如，诸如 as

6. drop sb a ____ 给某人写信(通常指写短信) line

7. make oneself at ____ 别客气 home

8. ____ total 总共 in

9. except ____ 除了??之外 for

10. stay ____ 不睡，熬夜 up

11. ____ about 发生 come

12. end ____ with 以??告终 up

13. bring ____ 引进，引来 in

14. a great ____ 许许多多，极多 many

15. be ____ 对??深感兴趣，深深迷上?? into

16. ____ the Internet 上网 surf

17. ____ classes 逃学，逃课 skip

18. get ____ 聚会，相聚，聚集 together

19. be proud ____ 为??感到骄傲 of

20. keep an ____ on 照看，注意 eye

21. be curious ____ 对??感到好奇 about

22. shut ____ (使)住口 up

23. joke ____ 开玩笑 about

24. ____ the name of 以??名义 in

25. ____ the time 总是，一直 all

☆交际用语☆

1. I think?

I like / love / hate...

I enjoy...

My interests are...

2. Did you have a good flight?

You must be very tired.

Just make yourself at home.

I beg your pardon?

Can you tell me how to pronounce...?

Get it.

☆单词聚焦☆

1. argue v. 的用法

▲构词：argument n. 1. [C]争论 2. [U]讨论．辩论3. [C]论据

▲ 搭配：

① argue with / against sb. over / on / about sth. 与某人争论某事

② argue for / against sth. 辩论赞成／反对某事

③ argue that... 主张，认为，争辩说

④ argue sb into / out of doing sth. 说服某人做／不做某事

▲友情提示：“说服某人做／不做某事”还可表达为：talk / persuade / reason sb. into / out of doing sth.

⑤ settle the argument 解决争端

▲友情提示：an argument with sb about / over sth. 为某事和某人而发生的争执

【考例】What laughing ____ we had about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti (意大利式细面条) from plate to mouth. (2004全国卷I)

A. speeches B. lessons C. sayings D. arguments

[考查目标] argue名词形式的词义。

[答案与解析] D argument的词义是“争辩，辩论”。

2. compare v. 的用法

▲构词：comparison n. 比较

▲搭配：① compare...to... 比拟；比作 ② compare... with / to... 将??和??相比较 ③ compare notes 对笔记；交换意见

【考例】 ____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2004湖北)

A. Compare B. When comparing

C. Comparing D. When compared

[考查目标] compare的用法。

[答案与解析] D 本句compare用在句首作状语，并有“被比较”的意思。

3. consider v. 的用法

▲构词：consideration n. 考虑，思考；体谅，顾及

▲搭配：① consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 ② consider sb (to be / as)... 认为／觉得某人??③ consider that- clause 认为?? ④ take sth into consideration 考虑 ⑤ under consideration 在考虑中

【考例】Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer. (NMET 1993)

A. to invent B. inventing

C. to have invented D. having invented

[考查目标] consider的几种常见用法。

[答案与解析] C consider本身是被动语态时，后接不定式的各种结构。如果表示已经发生的事情．用不定式的完成形式。

4. deserted adj. 空无一人的；被遗弃的；被抛弃的

(1) 空无一人的a deserted street / area空无一人的街道，地区；The office was quite deserted.办公室里空无一人。

(2) 被遗弃的 a deserted child 被遗弃的孩子

(3) desert ['dezot] n. 沙漠

desert [dI'zo:t] vt. 丢弃；遗弃

He deserted his wife and children after becoming rich.

5. difficulty n.

(1) difficulty (通常作复数) 难事，难点，难题She met with many difficulties when travelling. 6

(2) 在以下句型中，difficulty是不可数名词，不能用复数形式。

have (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.

干某事有困难

there is (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.

have (some) difficulty with sth.

在某事上有困难

there is (some) difficulty with sth.

do sth. with difficulty / without difficulty 困难地／轻而易举地做某事

We had a lot of difficulty in finding your house.

Do you have any difficulty with your English?

【注意】

(1) 以上句型中，difficulty前可加some, little, much, a lot of, no, any修饰

(2) 以上句型中，亦可用trouble来代替difficulty。

6. favourite = favorite (A. E) 最喜爱的；最喜爱的人或事物

(1) adj. 最喜爱的My favorite sport is playing football.

(2) n. [C] 最喜爱的人或事物He is a favorite with his uncle.

7. fun的用法

▲构词：funny adj. 有趣的．滑稽的，好笑的；奇特的，古怪的

▲搭配：

① make fun of 取笑；嘲弄；开某人的玩笑

② (just)for / in fun = (just) for the fun of it 取乐，非认真地，说／做着玩的

③ be full of fun?? 很好玩

④ have fun with sb. 和某人开一个玩笑

⑤ have (some) fun 玩得(很)高兴，玩得(很)开心

⑥ It's (great) fun to do sth干某事很有趣；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真开心

⑦ What fun (it is) to do sth! 干某事多么有趣呀!

⑧ have a lot of fun doing sth 干某事玩得很开心

【考例】 (200上海春招) This is not a match. We're play- ing chess just for ____.

A. habit B. hobby C. fun D. game

[考查目标] fun构成的短语for fun的意思。

[答案与解析]C，for fun 常在句中用作状语，意思是“说／做着玩的”。

8. imagine的用法

▲构词：① imagination n. [C / U] 想像，想像力，想像的事物 ② imaginative adj. 富有想像力的

▲搭配：① imagine sth / doing sth ② beyond (all) imagination (完全)出乎意料地

【考例】 I can hardly imagine Peter ___across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (MET 1991)

A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed

[考查目标] imagine的基本用法。

[答案与解析] C imagine后接动词的-ing形式，本句的Peter是这个动名词的逻辑主语。

9. interest的用法

interest vt. 使??感兴趣 n. 兴趣，爱好 [U] 利息；利润 He has a great interest in politics. 他对政治极感兴趣。/ a broad interest 广泛的利益 / a common interest 共同的利益 / a strong interest 极强的兴趣

▲构词：① interesting 令人感兴趣的(事物) ② interested (某人对某事)有兴趣的

▲搭配：① interest sb in sth 使某人注意，关心或参入某事；使某人对某事感兴趣 ② be interested in 对??感兴趣(关心) ③have an interest in sth. / in doing sth. 对某方面有兴趣 (关心)；在??中有股份、权益等 ④ hold one's interest 吸引住某人的兴趣 ⑤ in the interest(s) of 为??利益；为??起见；对??有利 ⑥ lose interest in 对??不再感兴趣 ⑦ show / take (an) interest in / in doing sth. 对??表示关心(有兴趣) ⑧ have / take / feel no interest in 对??不 (不太) 感兴趣 ⑨ with interest 有兴趣地，津津有味地 ⑩develop / find / feel 8

interest in sth. / in doing sth. 在某方面培养／有兴趣 ? lose interest in sth. / in doing sth. 对某方面失去兴趣

有时interest可与不定冠词连用。He developed an interest in science.

另外：interest作“爱好”解时，是可数名词。 His interests include reading and tennis.

【考例】____, they immediately suggested that she put them together to make a single one long story and paid Tracy a $50,000 advance. (2004全国卷 II)

A. Interested B. Anxiously

C. Seriously D. Encouraged

[考查目标] interest派生词的词义和用法。

[答案与解析] A interested指(出版商)对这件事有兴趣。

10. prove的用法

▲构词：① proof n. 证据。试验，考验，(印刷)校样

▲搭配：① prove sth to sb 向某人证实?? ② prove to sb that 从句向某人证实?? ③ prove (oneself) to be 证明(自己)是，表现出

【考例】It was in the neighboring country — United States that such resistance to spray was first ____. (05长春模拟)

A. proved B. killed C. thought D. discussed

[考查目标] 考查prove的意思。

[答案与解析] A 本题was proved的意思是“得到证实”，有被动意味。

11. provide的用法

▲构词：① provider n. 供给者，供应者，养家者 ② provided / providing conj. 倘若

▲搭配：provide sb with sth / sth to sb 给??提供；以??装备

【考例】His son ____ the old man with all the food and the money he needed.

A. provided B. fed C. afforded D. charred

[考查目标]考查provide的词义。

[答案与解析]A provide与with搭配，意思是“向某人提供某物”。

12. share的用法

▲搭配：① share (in) sth. with sth. 和某人分享、分担、共用某物 ② share sth (out) between / among... 将某物分配、分给?? ③ share joys / happiness and sorrows (with sb) (和某人) 同甘共苦 ④ share one's opinion 同意某人的意见

【考例】Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare — you must learn to ____. (NMET 2000)

A. support B. care C. spare D. share

[考查目标] 此题主要考查在语境中选择动词的能力。

[答案与解析] D 四个选项的含义分别为：support 支持；care 在意，关心；spare 挤出(时间)，匀出某物；share分享，分担，与某人合用。根据语境可知说话者是想让Clare学会与人共享——把玩具(拿出来)和Harry一起玩，share在此意为“合用玩具”，解此题的关键是信息play with your toys as well。故D为最佳答案。

13. solve的用法

▲构词：solution n. 1. [C] (问题的)解答；(困难的)解决方法 2. [U] 解答，解决 3. [U] 溶解

▲搭配：the solution to 解决??的办法

【考例3】In the end, one suggestion seems to be the solution ____ the problem. (2001北京春招)

A. with B. into C. for D. to

[考查目标] solve名词solution的相关搭配。

[答案与解析] D “对于??的解决办法”，介词用to。

14. total n. / adj. 全部(的)

(1) in total 加起来In total, there must have been 20000 people there.

(2) a total of 总共His expenses (支出) reached a total of $100.

(3) the total of...??的总数 The total 0f the bill is 230 dollars.

15. when conj.

when并列连词，= and then，表示“就在那时，突然”，常见以下句型中：

(1) be doing...when...正在做??突然??I was wandering through the streets when l caught sight of a tailor's shop.

(2) had done...when...刚做了??突然??I had just sat down when the light went out.

(3) be about to do...when...刚要做??突然??I was just about to go swimming when our guide saw me and shouted at me.

16. while conj.

(1) while从属连词，引导时间状语从句，从句动词用延续性动词，主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程之中。Come on, get these things away while I make the tea.

(2) 并列连词，表前后两个分句意义相反或相对，意为“然而”。Some people waste food while others haven't enough.

(3) 放在句首，表示“尽管；虽然”，相当于although。While we don't agree, we continue to be friendly.

[牛刀小试1] 用所给单词的适当形式填空：

(compare，interest，fun，solve，argue，consider，share)

1. All the novels are considered ____ the young readers in the 1980s. (to have interested)

2. Bob thought it ____ to solve maths problems while others hated it. (fun)

3. The headmaster ignored the ____ between Mrs. Wang and his nephew. (argument)

4. We can't decide. The plan needs to be ____. (considered)

5. ____ with Class Two, ours has more boy students. (Compared)

6. I find a better way ____ this problem. (to solve)

7. Nearly half of the companies ____ the same opinion with the government. (share / shared)

【词语比较】

1. especially, specially

especially adv. 特殊地；尤其是

(1)侧重于多种事物或人中比较突出的。I like all the subjects at school, especially English. (尤其是英语)

(2) especially 后可接介词短语或从句。I like the Yuelu Mountains, especially in spring. (尤其是在春天) Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.

specially 侧重特意地、专门地做某事 (后面常接for sb. 或to do sth.)

I made a chocolate cake specially for you.

2. boring, bored, bore

boring adj. 令人厌烦的 The book is very boring.

bored adj. 感到厌烦的 I'm bored with the book.

bore vt. 令人厌烦 This book bores me.

有些表示情感的及物动词，有与bore类似的用法。如：interest, excite, surprise, amaze, frighten, astonish, move, inspire, touch, scare, disappoint, puzzle, worry 这类词的现在分词形式，为“令人??”；过去分词形式，为“感到??”。

3. except for, except, but, besides

表示“除了”的词或短语有：except; but; except for; besides; except that (when...) 等。

(1) except 和 but 都表示“除了??之外。没有”，二者大多数情况下可以互换；但在no, all, nobody, nothing, no one 等词后多用 but。No one knows our teacher's address except / but him. (排除him)

(2) besides 除??之外，还??，有附加性。What other foreign languages do you know besides English? (English与other languages都属于know的范围)

(3) except for 只不过??，整体肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同类事物，for表示细节上的修正。 Your article is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.

4. know, know of, know about

(1) know 用作动词，意思是“(直接地)获知，懂得，认识，熟悉”。I don't know whether he is here or not. / I know him to be honest.

(2) know of和know about的意思都是“(间接地)获知”，指听别人说到或从书报上看到，二者没有什么区别。

5. for example; such as

(1) for example“例如”，用来举例说明某一论点或情况。一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。可用for instance替换。For example, air is invisible. / His spelling is terrible! Look at this word, for example.

(2) such as “例如”，用来列举事物，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。Some of the European Languages come from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish.

[注意]如把前面所述情况全部举出，用that is或namely。

☆短语归纳☆

1. 含all的短语

1) first of all 首先 (强调顺序)

2) in all (=in total=altogether) 总共

3) after all 毕竟，终究

4) at all 到底，根本

5) above all 最重要的是 (强调重要性)

6) not (...) at all (= not (...) in the least) 根本不，一点也不

7) all the time 始终，一直

8) all of a sudden (=suddenly) 突然，冷不防

9) all right 行，可以

10) all at once 立刘，马上

11) all day and all night 日日夜夜

12) all over 遍及

13) all alone 独个儿，独立地

14) all but 几乎，差一点

15) all in all 总的说来

16) all together 一道，同时，总共

17) for all 尽管

[例句] I woke up and didn't hear him at all. 我醒了，一点儿也没有听到他说话。/ He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了很多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块的。/ You shouldn't scold her. After all, she is only five years old. 你不应该责怪他，毕竟，她只有五岁。/ Children need many things, but above all, they need love. 孩子需要许多东西，最重要的是，需要爱。/ You must have known it all the time. 你一定一直知道这事。

【考例】 People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. ____, she is a great musician. (2004甘肃、青海)

A. After all B. As a result C. In other words D. As usual

[考查目标] 主要考查四个短语的用法。

[答案与解析] A after all意为“毕竟．终究”；as a result意为“结果”；in other words意为“换句话说”；as usual意为“像往常一样”。本句意思是：虽然人们对她看法不一。但我还是佩服她。因为她毕竟是一个伟大的音乐家。

【考例】I'd like to buy a house -- modern, comfortable, and ____ in a quiet neighborhood. (2004福建)

A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all

[考查目标] 主要考查all构成的四个短语。

[答案与解析] B in all意为“总共”；above all意为“最重要的是”； after all 意为“毕竟”；at all 意为“到底”。本句话意思是：我想买一个房子，现代的、舒服的，但最重要的是在一个安静的地区。

2. at all

(1)用在肯定句中，“竟然” I'm surprised that you came at all.

(2)用在否定句中，“一点也不” There was nothing to worry about at all.

(3)用在疑问句中，“到底”“究竟” Have you been there at all?

(4)用在条件句中，“真的，确实” If you do it at all, do it well.

3. 含“be + 形容词 + 介词”的短语

1) be good at 擅长于

2) be interested in 对??感兴趣

3) be pleased / satisfied / content with 对??满意

4) be famous for 因??而出名

5) be kind / good to 对??好

6) be lost in 沉湎于

7) be active in 在某方面积极

8) be sure about / of 确信

9) be afraid of 害怕

10) be full of 充满

11) be filled with 充满

12) be made of / from 由??组成

13) be generous to 对??慷慨

14) be popular with 受欢迎

15) be confident of 确信

16) be fond of 喜欢，喜爱

17) be angry with / at 对??发脾气

18) be late for 迟到

19) be amazed / surprised / astonished / shocked at 对??感到惊讶

20) be busy doing 忙着做??

21) be excited about 对??感到兴奋

22) be worried about 担心

23) be used for / as 用于

24) be curious about 对??好奇

[例句] Lin Lin is confident of his ability to get work for himself. 林林确信自己有能力做这活。He was generous to everybody with money, as a result, he saved little. 他对谁花钱都很慷慨，结果没有攒到多少钱。She is very active in helping the poor. 在帮助穷人方面，她很热心。Pop music is popular with the young generation. 流行歌曲受年轻一代的欢迎。Lost in thought, he didn't 15

realize that I came in. 他陷入思考之中，没有意识到我进来了。I was amazed at the sight so that I didn't know what to do. 看到这一幕我非常惊讶，不知道该做什么。Students in Senior 3 are busy preparing for the coming final exam. 高三学生在忙于准备即将到来的期末考试。

【精典题例】

1. -- David has made great progress recently.

-- ____, and ____.

A. So he has; so have you B. So has he; so have you

C. So he has; so you have D. So has he; so you have

【解析】选A 答句中的he指David，不倒装。“So have you” 意为“你也一样(取得了进步)”。

2. Little ____ what others think.

A. does he care about B. care he about

C. about he eared D. about cared he

【解析】选A little为否定副词，置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装。

3. At school, what he enjoys ____ football.

A. playing B. to play C. is playing D. played

【解析】选C what he enjoys为主语从句，谓语动词为be，表语为playing football。不要误以为playing是enjoy的宾语而误选A。

4. At the ____news, all the women present burst out crying.

A. unexpecting B. disappointing

C. disappointed D. interesting

【解析】选B联系语境，所有在场的妇女都哭了，因此为disappointing"令人失望的(消息)”。

5. He was about to tell me the secret ____ someone patted him on the shoulder.

A. as B. until C. while D. when

【解析】选D "when"表示“就在这时，突然”。

6. The wolf said in a ____ voice and the scholar felt ____.

A. frightening; frightened B. frightened; frightened

C. frightened; frightening D. frightening; frightening

【解析】选A frightening“令人害怕”；frightened“感

到害怕”。

7. In our ____ life, English is ____ used.

A. everyday; wide B. everyday; widely

C. every day; wide D. every day; widely

【解析】选B everyday“日常的，每天的”；widely“广泛地”。

8. -- Hello, Mary. I've got a girlfriend. -- What's she like?

-- ____.

A. I don't know B. She's like her mother, not father

C. She likes music D. Not had! Quite pretty

【解析】选D表外表给人的印象。

9. The fire ____ for half an hour before the fire fighters arrived.

A. had put out B. was put out

C. had been out D. had broken out

【解析】选C be out"火熄灭”，表示状态。

10. It has been suggested that the land ____ equally among the peasants.

A. be shared B. should be spared

C. saved D. be spent

【解析】选A suggest后用虚拟语气。be shared前可

省略should。

11. She took ____ in physics and read ____ on the subject.

A. interest; as books many as she could

B. an interest; as many books as she could

C. interested; as many books as she can

D. interests; as books as she could

【解析】选B根据短语搭配和时态一致可知。

12. -- How's the young man? -- ____.

A. He's twenty B. He's a doctor

C. He is much better D. He's David

【解析】选C how is sb. “某人身体如何”。

13. Let Harry play with your toys as well. Clare, you must learn to ____.

A. support B. care C. spare D. share

【解析】选D share“分享”；support“支持”；care“在意”；spare“抽出(时间)。节余”。

14. The new dress looks wonderful on you ____ the collar.

A. besides B. except C. beside D. except for

【解析】选D“美中不足的是领子”，表示部分修正。

15. -- What about your classmate, Susan?

-- Our teacher ____ her a good and clever student.

A. regards B. believes C. suggests D. considers

【解析】选D consider as?“认为??是??”，as可省略。

高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析

Unit3-4

☆重点句型☆

1. Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, ... you may want to try hiking. Instead和instead 0f的用法

2. Say "Hi" / "Hello" / "Thanks" to sb. (for me) 问候的句型

3. Is anybody seeing you off? 进行时表将来

4. She struggled and struggled, and could not get on her feet. (= keep struggling)

5. You should not go rafting unless you know... unless引导条件状语从句，相当于if... not

6. By staying at..., tourists can help the villagers make money so that they can take care of the fiver and the birds. 目的状语从句

7. She was so surprised that she couldn't move. 结果状语从句

8. Tree after tree went down, cut down by water. 过去分词作状语

9. The next moment, the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden. 现在分词作状语

10. However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. It didn't take long before the building was destroyed. before的用法

☆重点词汇☆

1. means n. 方法；途径

2. experience n. 经验

3. equipment n. 设备

4. successful adj. 成功的

5. protect v. 保护

6. handle v. 处理

7. consider v. 考虑

8. benefit n. 利益

9. particular adj. 特别的

10. effect n. 效果

11. combine v. 合并

12. unforgettable adj. 不会忘记的

13. advance v. 前进

14. seize v. 抓住

15. struggle v. 奋斗

16. fear v. & n. 害怕

17. strike v. 敲打

18. destroy v. 毁掉

19. publish v. 出版

20. naughty adj. 调皮的

☆重点短语☆

1. get away from 逃离

2. watch / look out 注意，当心

3. go for a hike / go hiking 去徒步旅游

4. as with 正如??一样

5. see off 为某人送行

6. on the other hand 在另一方面

7. take care of 照顾

8. get close / near to 接近，凑近

9. tree after tree 一棵又一棵的树

10. as wall as 也，和??一样(好)

11. protect?from 保护??不受??的伤害

12. be surprised at 因??而吃惊

13. be caught / trapped / struck in 被??困住

14. take place 发生

15. go through 通过，经过；经历(痛苦的事)

16. be upon 临近，逼近

17. hold on to 紧紧抓住

18. refer to 提到，说到；查询(信息)

19. look into 注视??的内部；检查，调查

20. for fear of (doing) sth. 惟恐??

☆短语闯关☆

下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关．做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?

l. get ____ from 逃离 away

2. watch ____ 注意，当心 out

3. protect sb / sth ____ 保护／保卫某人(某事物) from

4. see sb ____ 到火车站、飞机场等某处为某人送行 off

5. on the other ____ 另一方面 hand

6. as ____ as也，还，而且 well

7. ____ place发生，产生 take

8. ____ fire失火 on

9. pull sb ____ 把??往上拽 up

10. get ____ one's feet站立起来；站起身来 on

11. go ____ 通过，经受。仔细检查 through

12. ____ holiday在度假 on

13. travel ____ 旅行社代理人 agent

14. be ____ 逼近，临近 upon

15. ____ exercise 进行体育锻炼 take

16. ____ "Hi" to sb for / from sb 代某人向某人问候 say

17. come ____ with提出 up

18. go ____ a hike 去远足 for

19. be caught ____ 受困于??，陷于?? in

20. ____ a second 马上，一会儿 in

21. look ____ 往??里面看，调查 into

22. refer ____ 提到．涉及；参考 to

23. hold ____ 抓住，握住 onto

24. sweep ____ 冲走，刮走 away

25. sweep ____ 冲倒，吹倒 down

☆交际用语☆

1. Where would you prefer going...?

2. How would you like to go to...?

3. Have a nice / pleasant trip !

4. Well, I must be off.

5. It's all right．

6. I'm afraid.

7. Come on !

8. It scares me.

9. Don't worry.

10. First..., next..., then..., finally...

☆单词聚焦☆

1. advance的用法

▲构词：advanced adj. 高等的．先进的，高深的

▲搭配：

① in advance 在前头，预先，事先

② in advance of 在??前面；比??进步；超过

③ on the advance (物价)在上涨

【考例】It is said that Miss White had some difficulty in studying the ____ maths.

A. improved B. developed C. advanced D. increased

[考查目标] 本题考查形容词advanced与近义词的区别。

[答案与解析]C “高等数学”的英译是advanced maths，advanced意思是“先进的。高级的”。

2. before 的特殊用法

(1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我还没来得及拦住他，他就跑出了屋子。

(2) Three weeks went by before We knew it. 三周过去了，我们才意识到。(或：时间不知不觉已过三周了。)

(3) It wasn't / didn't take long before he returned.他没过多久就回来了。

It won't be long before we graduate. 不要过多久我们就要毕业了。

3. chance的用法

▲搭配：

① by any chance 万一，碰巧，或许

② by chance 偶然，意外地

③ take a / one's chance 冒一冒险，碰碰运气，利用一下机会

【考例6】 (2005南京模拟)Most of the ___are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture.

A. work B. luck C. chances D. services

[考查目标] chance的词义。

[答案与解析] C chance在本句的词义是“机会”。

4. consider v.

(1) 考虑

A) consider + n. / doing

I consider going abroad.

B) consider + 疑问词 + to do

You have to consider what to do next.

(2) 认为

A) consider + n. (+as / to be) + n. / adj.

I consider Mary as / to be my best friend.

They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country.

B) consider + n. + to have done

I consider him to have acted disgracefully.

除了consider?as?表认为外，还有regard?as

?，look on?as?，take?as?，think of?as?

5. cost的用法

▲ 构词：costly adj. 昂贵的，贵重的

▲ 搭配：

① cost sb. sth. 花费某人(多少钱)；让某人付出(代价)／牺牲??

② at all costs 不惜任何代价．无论如何

③ at any cost 不惜任何代价，无论如何

④ at cost (price) 按成本价格，按原价

⑤ at the cost of 以??为代价，用??换来的；丧失；牺牲

【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would ____ them.

A. pay B. spend C. cost D. waste

[考查目标] 本题考查cost和它的几个近义词的区别。

[答案与解析] C cost的意思是“耗费”，主语是指物的

名词．而pay和spend等的主语是指人的名词。

6. effect n. 效果；作用

have an effect on sth.

His words had a great pushing effect on his students.

(1) be of no effect 无效

(2) come into effect 开始生效；开始实行

[比较] affect vt. 影响 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.

7. experience的用法

▲构词: experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的

▲搭配:

① by experience 凭经验；从经验中

② from experience 凭经验；从经验中

③ gain experience in? 获得??经验

④ be experienced in? 某方面有经验

▲友情提示: experience这个词作为可数名词用时，解释为“经历”，作为不可数名词用时解释为“经验”。

【考例】 (2005山西模拟) ____teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed.

A. Knowledge B. Teachers C. Experience D. Parents

[考查目标] experience的意思。

[答案与解析] C experience常为不可数名词，意思是“经验”。

8. fear n. & vt.

(1) n. 恐惧 (多作不可数名词)

His face was growing pale with fear.

忧虑；担心的事(可数)

There is no reason for your fears.

for fear of 由于怕??，以防

He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train.

for fear (that) 惟恐；怕的是；以防

She worried for fear that the child would be hurt.

in fear of 害怕；担心

The thief was in fear of the police.

(2) v. 恐惧；害怕，接 n. / pron.

Cats fear big dogs.

恐惧；害怕，接to do

Don't fear to tell the truth.

恐怕；担心，接从句

She feared that she might not find him in his room.

▲构词：fearful adj. 可怕的，严重的；惧怕的，胆怯的；担心的，忧虑的 fearless adj. 不怕的，大胆的，勇敢的，无畏的

▲搭配：

① be in fear (of) (为??而)提心吊胆

② for fear of 因为怕；以免，怕的是

③ for fear that-clause 生怕；为了防止(某事发生)

④ have a fear that-clause 担心／怕(发生某事)

⑤ with fear 吓得，怕得

⑥ fear (vi.) for... 担心／忧虑??

【考例】(2004江苏)He got to the station early, ____ missing his train.

A. in case of B. instead of

C. for fear of D. in search

[考查目标] fear构成的短语的用法和意思。

[答案与解析]C for fear of 常在句中作状语，意思是 “怕的是??。担心??”。

9. fun n. 高兴；乐趣；有趣的人或事

(1) for fun 为了高兴；为着好玩

I only did it for fun.

(2) make fun of 开??的玩笑；取笑

It is wrong to make fun of a cripple.

[比较]

(1) laugh at 笑(某人)；嘲笑

It's unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.

(2) play a joke on 开(某人的)玩笑

10. means n. 手段；办法

(1) by means of 用??；依靠??

The water may be carried by means of a pipe.

(2) by all means 一定；务必；(表示同意)当然可以，没问题：务必，无论如何，千方百计地

Try by all / every means to persuade him to come.

(3) by no means 完全不是；一点也不；决不

This is by no means the first time you have been late.

还有： by this means 用这种方法； by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段

【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves by ____ of evening job.

A. ways B. offers C. means D．helps

[考查目标] by means of 短语的意思。

[答案与解析] C by means of 的意思是“通过某种手段”。

11. normal adj. 正常的；正规的

the normal temperature, normal behavior

(1) regular 规则的；有规律的

keep regular hours 生活有规律；按时作息

(2) common普通的；常见的

Tom is a common name in Britain. 共有的；共同的

have a common interest 有着共同爱好

(3) usual 惯常的；惯例的

It's usual with him to go to the office on foot.

(4) ordinary 平凡的；普通的 in ordinary dress

12. once的用法

▲ 搭配：

① all at once 突然；同时

② at once 立刻，马上；同时

③ (every) once in a while 偶尔，有时，间或

④ for this once (= for once，just for once) 就这一次；破例一回

⑤ more than once 不止一次，多次

⑥ not once 一次也不

⑦ once again / more再一次

⑧once and again一再，再三

⑨ once or twice 一两次；有时，偶尔

⑩ once too often又(多了)一次

? once upon a time从前

【考例】(2004上海) ____ we have learned something, additional learning increases the length of time we will remember it.

A. Before B. Once C. Until D. Unless

[考查目标] 连词once的用法和词义。

[答案与解析] B once在作连词使用时意思是“一旦”。

13. prefer v. 宁愿；更喜欢

(1) prefer + n. / pron.

The boy preferred a detective story.

(2) prefer + v. -ing

Do you prefer living abroad?

(3) prefer + to do

She prefers to live among the working people.

(4) prefer sb. to do sth.

She preferred him to stay at home.

(5) prefer + n. / pron. / doing + to + n. / pron. / doing 喜欢??而不喜欢 I prefer the town to the country. / While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing.

(6) prefer to do...rather than do = would rather do ... than do... 宁愿??而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.

(7) prefer + 从句(谓语动词用should do，should可省略) She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen.

14. protect的用法

▲ 构词：protection n. 保护(者/物)，防御

▲ 搭配：protect sb from / against 防止??遭受??；使??免于，保护??使不受

【考例】 (MET 1992) Clarke was greatly admired at the club for the successful ____.

A. self-satisfaction B. self-protection

C. self-respect D. self-service

[考查目标] protect及其派生词的词义。

[答案与解析]B self-protection是名词，意思是“自我保护”。

15. separate的用法

▲ 构词：separation n. [U]分开，分离

▲ 搭配：

① separate A from B 把A和B分开

② A is separated from B by? A和B为??所分开／阻隔

③ separate sth (up) into? 把??分成(几分)

▲辨析：separate; divide; part 都含“分开”的意思。

separate 指“把原来在一起的人或物分开”。例如: Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开，好吗?

divide 指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分”。

part指“把密切相关的人或物分开”，还有“分手”之意。

【考例】(NMET 2001)As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends.

A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed

[考查目标] 动词separate的词义。

[答案与解析] A separated和get搭配有被动意义，表

示“被隔开；被分隔”。

[牛刀小试1]

用所给单词的适当形式填空：

(advance, means, cost, protect, fear, separate)

1. The teacher improved the students' English by ____ of dictation and recitation. (means)

2. All the goods ___me almost half a million dollars. (cost)

3. We must ____ the wild animals from the hunting. (protect)

4. Every baby should be ____ after he is horn. (separated)

5. None of them ____ death when the enemy came into the village. (feared)

6. There are too many people, so you should have bought a ticket in ____. (advance)

☆词语比较☆

1. wear, put on, have on, dress, be in, try on

(1) wear v. 穿着；戴；蓄须(发)；磨损；(脸容)呈现，显出 He is wearing an overcoat today.

* wear out (把) 穿破；(把) 用坏；(使) 疲乏；(使) 耗尽I have worn out my shoes. / My patience wore (was worn) out.

(2) put on 穿上；戴上(侧重穿着的动作)

Put on your sweater, otherwise you will feel cold.

(3) dress vt. 给??穿衣服 n. 衣服；连衣裙

dress sb. (in sth.) 或 be dressed (in sth.) 注意：穿的衣服接在in之后。Mother dressed her baby and then they went downstairs.

(4) have on 表示穿着的状态，注意不能用进行时。

At the Spring Festival, all children have on new clothes.

(5) be in表示穿着的状态 There was a girl in red.

(6) try on 试穿 Mother was trying on a new dress.

2. strike, hit, beat

(1) hit vt.

① 打；敲；击；击中；射中 He hit a ball over the fence. / The stone hit him on the head.

② 使??受到打击 The bad news hit every one hard.

(2) beat vt. & vi.

① 连续有节奏地打；敲

The rain heat against the window.

② (心)跳动 His heart had stopped beating.

③ (鸟翼) 扑动

The bird beat its wings rapidly as it flew on.

④ 打败；打赢；取胜

Our champion can beat all runners in the country.

[牛刀小试4]

1. -- I'd like to take a week's holiday.

-- ____, we're too busy.

A. Don't worry B. Don't mention it

C. Forget it D. Pardon me

2. -- I was so sure that our experiment was going to succeed, but something went wrong at the last moment.

-- ____, but don't give it up.

A. Find out the reason B. Never mind

C. I'm sorry to hear that D. You don't 'mean that

3. -- I just heard that the tickets for tonight's show have been sold out. -- Oh no! ____.

A. I was looking forward to that B. It doesn't matter

C. I knew it already D. It's not at all interesting

4. -- We are going to travel to Italy. -- ____.

A. Good bye B. Go ahead

C. I like to go, too D. Have a good time

5. -- I'd rather have some tea, if you don't mind.

-- ____.

A. Thank you very much B. Yes, I like so

C. No, it's nothing D. Of course, anything you want

CCADD

☆精典题例☆

1. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (NMET 2002春上海)

A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut

【解析】选C 本题是在语境中考查现在进行时的被动语态。本句意为“雨林以这样的速度被砍伐和焚烧，会导致它在不久的将来从地球上消失。”体会语境和句意便知此处选择C项，表示现阶段在进行的动作。

2. Twenty-three hours has passed after the explosion in the mine, but rescue efforts to recover the missing ____ carried out.

A. are still being B. have already been

C. are always D. will soon be

【解析】选A本句意为“矿井爆炸已过23小时了，但对失踪人员的搜索还在进行中。”

3. -- When are you leaving? -- My plane ____ at 10:45.

A. takes off B. took off

C. is about to take off D. will take off

【解析】选A飞机是按时刻表运行的。

4. -- Excuse me, what time is it now?

-- Sorry, my watch ____. It ____ at the shop.

A. isn't working; is being repaired

B. doesn't work; is being repaired

C. isn't working; is repaired

D. doesn't work; is repaired

【解析】选B doesn't work说明“手表不工作”的状态，而不只是现在才坏了。后句意为“手表正在商店里修理”，故应用is being repaired。

5. John, who is considered ____ a warm-hearted man, is considering ____ his neighbor out of trouble.

A. to be; to help B. to be; helping

C. being; to help D. being; helping

【解析】选B be considered to be “被认为是??”；consider doing “考虑做某事”。 34

6. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ____ it got worse.

A. until B. when C. before D. as

【解析】选C意思是“在事情还未变得更糟之前及

时纠正错误”。

7. -- There is something wrong with my bike.

-- It doesn't matter. I ____ lend you mine.

A. am to B. am going to C. was going to D. will

【解析】选D be to表示按计划安排将来的动作，be going to 表示最近打算做某事，will 在此是情态动词，表示“意志；意愿”。如：I will tell you all about it.

8. Children at the beginning of this century ____ a lot and ____ themselves greatly even without television.

A. used to read; enjoying B. used to read; enjoyed

C. were used to reading; enjoy

D. were used to read; enjoying

【解析】选B 前后时态要保持一致。

高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析

Unit5-6

☆重点句型☆

1. While still a student, she played roles in many plays.

连词 + 名词做时间状语

2. When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said? 连词+过去分词做时间状语

3. When drinking to someone's health, you raise your glasses. 连词 + 现在分词做时间状语

4. It's a custom in China to have some tea before the meal is served. It 做形式主语

5. Many people like this film not just because..., but also

because... 并列连词

6. Having good table manners means knowing...

动名词做主宾语

☆重点词汇☆

1. comment v. 评论

2. marry v. 结婚

3. create v. 创造

4. attack v. 进攻

5. cruelty n. 残酷

6. escape v. 逃跑

7. advice n. 忠告；建议

8. afford v. 花得起(钱、时间)

9. encourage v. 鼓励

10. research n. 研究

11. interrupt v. 打断；打扰

12. apologize v. 道歉

13. pray v. 请求；祈祷

14. forgive v. 原谅；宽恕

15. match v. 相配；相适应

16. manners n. 礼貌

17. impression n. 印象

18. live adj. & adv. 活的；直播的(地)

19. custom n. 习惯；风俗

20. introduce vt. 介绍；引进

☆重点短语☆

1. take off 脱掉；起飞；成功

2. go wrong 出错；出问题

3. can't help doing 情不自禁做某事

4. take one's place 代替某人 37

5. run after 追逐；追踪

6. win a prize 获奖

7. think highly of 赞扬??；对??高度评价

8. call for 需要；索取

9. in all 总共

10. play a role 扮演角色(作用)

11. make money 挣钱

12. win over 争取过来

13. work on 从事，致力于

14. owe success to 把成功归功于某人

15. start with 以??开始

16. run away from school逃学

17. on the air 正在播出的

18. do research 进行调查

19. speed up 加速

20. follow the fashion 追随时尚

☆短语闯关☆

下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据

汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才

能过关。你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我

们就开始吧?

l. ____ screen 银幕，电影(业)

2. take ____ 成功；成名；脱掉(衣服)；(飞机)起飞 38

3. ____ wrong 走错路；误入歧途；不对头；出毛病

4. owe sth ____ sb 把??归功于某人

5. ____ all 总共；总之

6. stay ____ 不在家，外出

7. ____ school 小学

8. lock sb ____ 将某人锁于某处不得进出；将某人监禁起来

9. run ____ 追赶

10. bring sb ____ 送回某人

11. ____ the air正在播出的

12. think highly ____ 对??高度评价

13. leave ____ 省去；遗漏；不考虑

14. stare ____ 盯着

15. make ____ about sb 以某人为笑柄

16. drink (a toast) ____ 为??祝酒；为??干杯

17. win ____ 战胜

18. ____ comments on对??加以评论

19. look sb ____ 看望，拜访某人

20. ____ a role in 在??中扮演角色；在??方面起作用

21. ____ a prize获奖

22. to sb for (doing) sth因某事向某人道歉

23. make a good impression ____ 给??留下好印象

24. ____ silent 保持沉默

25. pay a visit ____ 拜访

☆交际用语☆

1. What do you think has happened?

2. What do you know about??

3. How do you like?? / What do you think of?? / What db you feel...?

4. May I interrupt you for a moment?

5. Excuse me / Forgive me for... / I apologize for?

6. I'm (very / so / terribly) sorry. It's all my fault.

7. That's all right. / That's OK. / No problem.

8. I wish you all the best.

9. I'm sorry. I didn't mean to...

10. Let's drink (a toast) to...!

☆单词聚焦☆

1. afford

(1) (和can，could，be able to连用) 有 (时间、经济等) 条件(做某事) + to do

We can't afford to pay such a price.

afford + n. / pron. (出得起；买得起等)

They donot consider whether they can afford it or not.

(2) 经得起 (做某事或发生某事) (多+to do)

He could not afford to lose his fortune entirely.

2. apologize的用法

▲ 构词：apology n. 辩解，道歉

▲ 搭配：

① apologize to sb for (doing) sth = make an apology的 sb for (doing) sth向某人为某事(为做了某事)道歉

② apologize for oneself 为自己辩解或辩护

【考例】[NMET 1993]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.

A. made B. said C. put D. passed

[考查目标] apologize及其名词的用法和搭配。

[答案与解析]A make an apology的意思是“道歉”。

3. choice的用法

▲搭配：

① make a choice 选择

② make choice of 挑选，选择，选定

③ make / take one's choice 任意挑选

④ have no choice but to do sth 非??不可，除??之外别无他法

【考例】[MET 1993] We've missed the last bus, I'm afraid we have no ____ but to take a taxi.

A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection

[考查目标] choice的意思和习惯搭配。

[答案与解析]B choice是choose的名词形式．意思是

“选择”，在本句中构成固定搭配have no choice but to

do sth“不得不干??”。

4. determine的用法

▲ 构词：determination n. 决心，决断，决意；决定，确定

▲ 搭配：

① determine to do sth 决定做某事

② determine on / upon (doing) sth 决定

③ a man of determination 有决断力的人

▲ 辨析：decide；determine这两个词都有“决定”的意思。decide的含义是“不再迟疑不定”，而

determine含义是“把某件事确定下来”。

在be determined to do?这个固定的结构中。过去分词determined的词义为“下定了决心”。

decide的名词为decision，determine的名词为determination。例如：At first，she decided to go to the police，?起初，她决定去找警察??

▲ 友情提示: decide后跟宾语从句时，其含义有时是“断

定”。I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere. 我断定我一定是在某处拐错弯了。The determination of the meaning of a word is often difficult without a context. 脱离上下文来确定一个词的含义常常是困难的。

注：在determine to do...，determine on (upon)... 和determine that...。(宾语从句)三个搭配中，determine的词义和decide几乎没有多大差异。He determined / decided to learn medicine. 他决定学医。

注：decide sb to do sth 决定使某人做某事What decided you to give up your job? 什么因素使你决定放弃你的工作?

【考例】[2001京皖春招] Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must ____ the parts that are wrong.

A. check B. determine C. correct D. recover

[考查目标]determine的用法。

[答案与解析]B determine和decide在一般情况下意思相同。

5. encourage的用法

▲ 构词：

① encouraging adj. 鼓励的，给予希望的，振奋人心的。令人欢欣鼓舞的

② encouraged adj. 被激励的，受到鼓舞的

③ encouragement n. 鼓励，激励

④ discourage v. 使泄气；劝阻

▲ 搭配：① encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 ② be encouraged by 受??鼓励／鼓舞

【考例】 [2004北京]My advisor encouraged ___a summer course to improve my writing skills.

A. for me taking B. me taking

C. for me to take D. me to take

[考查目标] encourage的用法。

[答案与解析]D encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人干某事。句意为：我的导师鼓励我参加一个夏季课程来提高我的写作技巧。

6. escape (vi, vt ) escaped, escaping

(1) 逃走；跑掉 + from / out of = run away from

The soldier escaped from the enemy's prison.

(2)逃脱；逃避 + n. / doing

He narrowly escaped death / being killed.

There's no way to escape doing the work.

escape还可表示：

①（液体等）漏出 gas escaping from the pipe 煤气从管中漏出Water escaped rapidly from the drainpipe. 水从排水管中迅速流出。

② 避免escaped death 免于一死There is no escaping him. 怎么也避不开他。

③ 疏忽，忽略 Nothing escaped his attention. 什么也逃不过他的注意。 You cannot expect that something may escape the teacher's attention. 你不要奢望有什么能逃过老师的注意。

escape n

① 逃走The thief made his escape. 小偷逃走了。

②（气体）漏出，泄出；解闷She reads love stories as an escape. 她读爱情小说解闷。

7. hunt的用法

▲ 构词：hunter n. 猎人，搜寻者

▲ 搭配：

① hunt for / after追猎；寻找，搜寻

② hunt out 找出；调查出

【考例】He wandered in the street, ____ a new jacket for his nephew.

A. hunting for B. waiting for

C. shooting for D. aiming for

[考查目标]本题考查hunt for的意思。

[答案与解析]A hunt for原来是“猎取”的意思，引中为“搜寻，寻找”。

8. impression n. 印象

(1) impression (on sb.) (给某人)印象His speech made a strong impression on his audience.

(2) impression (of sth.) (对某事物)印象；想法That's my first impression of the new college.

(3) impress sb. with sth. 给予某人深刻印象 = impress sth. on sb. 使某人铭记 The teacher impressed on his students the importance of speaking. = The teacher impre- ssed his students with the importance of speaking.

9. interrupt的用法vt, vi

① 阻断；中断 Don't interrupt me. 别打断我。Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm. 市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。

② 打岔；插嘴 It is rude to interrupt. 打断别人的话，是不礼貌的。 “Don't interrupt,” he said.“别插话, ”他说。

▲构词：

① interrupter n. 打岔者，打断者

② interruption n. 打岔．打断，使中断的事物

【考例】[2005山西模拟] Be quiet! It's rude to ____ people when they are talking.

A. stop B. introduce C. prevent D. interrupt

[考查目标] interrupt的词义。

[答案与解析]D interrupt的意思是“打断；使中断”．

后接指人或指物的各种名词。

10. marry

(1) vi. 结婚 He didn't marry until he was fifty.

(2) vt. 和??结婚 Jean is going to marry Hubert.

(3) vt. (父母)嫁(女儿) He married his daughter to a businessman.

(4) vt. (教士等) 为??主持结婚仪式 We've come to ask if you will marry them.

[比较]

(1) get married (to sb.) 强调动作

His oldest girl got married last month.

(2) be married (to sb.) 强调状态

How long have you been married?

11. moment的用法 n.

① 片刻；瞬间 He will be here in a moment. 他一会儿就来。At the moment I am working. 此刻我正在工作。

② 时机；机遇；时宜 Choose your moment to visit him. 你选个合适的时机去拜访他。

③ 重要性 a matter of great moment

一件极重要的事情

▲搭配：

① at any moment 随时；在任何时候；马上

② at the last moment 在最后关头

③ at the moment 此刻；(正当)那时

④ every moment 时时刻刻

⑤ for a moment 片刻

⑥ in a moment 一会儿，不久；立即，马上

⑦ the moment(that)... 一??就??

【考例】[NMET 2004 II] "Can I? I don't think I can," Racy said with a laugh. "But I do have ____ when things come to me for no reason."

A. events B. chances C. feelings D. moments

[考查目标] moment的词义。

[答案与解析] D moment可以指“时刻”，在本句中用了复数，意思是“一些次”。

12. owe的用法owed, owing

▲ 搭配：

①（常与for连用）欠，欠债I owe you for your help.我感谢你的帮助。(也可以是owe sth.或owe sb. sth) The food cost ￡4 , but I only paid ￡3 so I still owe ￡1. 食品要4英镑，可我只付了3英镑，因此我还欠1英镑。I owe you an apology. 我该向你道歉。

☆ owe sb sth for sth 或 owe sth to sb for sth 为?欠某人?

② 对?负有义务；感恩；感激We owe our parents a lot. 我们十分感激父母。

③（常与to连用）归功于；由于She owes her success to good luck. 她把成功归功于幸运。The young writer owed his success to his teacher's encouragement. 年轻作家把自己的成功归于他老师的鼓励。

【考例】[2004湖北] "How much do I ____ you?" "Oh, no," Paul said.

A. Owe B. lend C. give D. offer

[考查目标]考查owe的词义和用法。

[答案与解析]A owe表示“欠”的时候是及物动词，可以接双宾语。

13. reason n. 原因；理由

(1) + to do sth. You haven't any reason to leave me.

(2) + for sth. / doing People must have a reason for saying such things.

(3) + 从句；从句用why / for which引导 That is the reason why you should leave.

(4) for + reason，为了某种原因He is retiring for reasons of health.

[比较] cause“原因；起因”

the cause of the fire 火灾的起因(引起某种后果的起因)

the reason for being late 迟到的理由(做某件事的理由)

14. role

(1) (戏剧中的) 角色Oliver played (acted) the role / part of Hamlet.

(2) (现实生活中的) 身份；作用

What is your role on the Committee?

(3) play a...role in... = play a...part in在??中扮演??角色或作用The headmaster plays an important role / part in the good running of a school.

15. serve v.

(1) 为??服务／工作 A slave serves his master.

(2) 接待(顾客) The shop assistant is serving a customer.

(3) 侍候吃饭，端(菜)；供应(饭菜) Lunch is served now.

(4) serve as 充任(某职务)作??用 She served as a model for several painters. / This box will serve as / for a seat.

16. speed的用法

▲搭配：

① at a high speed 以很大的速度

② at full / top speed 用全速，开足马力，尽力(快)地；

③ with great / an speed 用全速，开足马力

④ speed up 加速，快点

【考例】We had tried our best but the boss still shouted, " ____!"

A. Speed up B. No hurry

C. Wait a minute D. Slow down

[考查目标]本题考查speed及其构成的短语的意思。

[答案与解析]A speed up意思是“加速，快点”的意思。

17. stare的用法 vi, vt -- stared, staring 凝视，注视

He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant. 他盯着这个单词，努力想记起它的意思。

[习惯用语] stare one in the face 近在眼前；摆在眼前

▲辨析：gaze；stare；glare这组动词的一般含义是“凝视”。

gaze表示“目不转睛地看”，并含有“惊叹”、“羡慕”或“入迷”的意思。例如：She gazed at the carpet for some time, and then added, "You don't need bookcases at all." 她对地毯凝视了一会儿，然后补充说：“你根本不需要书柜。”

stare 特别表示“睁大眼睛凝视”，并含有“惊奇”、“傲慢” 或“茫然”的意思。例如：The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. 那位贵族对那张空白纸凝视了几秒钟。

glare 表示“凶狠而且带有威胁性的瞪眼睛”的意思。例如：The trapped eagle glared at his captors. 被诱捕到的雄鹰凶狠地瞪着捕获它的人。

【考例】[NMET 1999] ____ him and then try to copy what he does.

A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch

[考查目标] stare 等近义词辨别。

[答案与解析]D watch意思是“观察”，是长时问关注；而stare at却是“盯着”。含有惊奇、傲慢的感情色彩。

18. trouble

(1) 麻烦；烦恼；烦心的事 (可数，不可数) It is a pity to give you so much trouble. / Life is full of troubles.

(2) 困难；费事 (不可数) have trouble with sth. / have trouble (in) doing sth. (= difficulty) Did you have much trouble in finding the post office? / I hope you won't have any trouble with the work.

[相关短语]

(1) ask for trouble 自寻烦恼；自找麻烦 What made you write such a letter? It was asking for trouble.

(2) (be) in trouble 有烦事；有困难；出事；惹麻烦 He never came except when he was in trouble.

(3) put sb. to trouble 给某人造成麻烦；增添麻烦 I am sorry for putting you to so much trouble.

(4) take trouble to do sth. 费心做某事；费心 It was good of you to take the trouble to help us.

[牛刀小试1] 用所给单词的适当形式填空：(speed，owe，encourage，decide，moment，apologize)

1. will never forget the ____ given by Mr. Wang, which helped me overcome a lot difficulty.

2. I have made a ___that every department in our company should buy a computer of this kind.

3. I recognized the man the ____ I saw him at the corner.

4. Since it was a bit later，we had to ____ up.

5. We must ____ our success to our parents and teachers.

6. The parents came from the far-away village, making an ____ for their naughty son.

☆词语比较☆

1. win, beat, defeat 表示获胜、取胜的词语

(1) win v. 赢??，获胜，接比赛或奖项 win a game / a prize / an honor / a race. / Our team won the game 8 to 7. / He won by five points. / He won her love at last. / He won the first place in the competition.

(2) beat + 对手，表打败(尤指体育比赛) I can easily beat him at golf.

(3) defeat 表战胜，接对手The enemy was defeated in the battle.

2. in the end, finally, at last

三者均可表示“(经过周折、等待、耽误)最后，终于”之意。不同的是：

finally 一般用在句中动词前面，而 at last 与 in the end 的位置则较为灵活；

三者中at last 语气最为强烈，且可单独作为感叹句使用。After putting it off three times, we finally managed to have a holiday in Dalian. / At last he knew the meaning of life. / At last! Where on earth have you been? / But in the end he gave in.

另外，finally还可用在列举事项时，引出最后一个内容，相当于lastly。 Firstly, we should make a plan; secondly, we should carry it out; finally we should make a conclu- sion.

3. by sea, by the sea, in the sea, on the sea, at sea

(1) by sea “走海路，乘船”，用来表示交通方式，同 by ship 同义。 These heavy boxes should be sent by sea.

(2) by the sea “在海边”，相当于 by (at) the seaside。The children enjoyed themselves by the sea on Children's Day.

(3) in the sea “在海里，在海水中” There are many plants and animals in the sea.

(4) on the sea “在海面上”，“在海岸边”。I want to live in a town with a beautiful position on the sea.

(5) at sea 在海上；在航海 When he woke up, the ship was at sea.

4. be afraid, be afraid to do sth., be afraid of (doing) sth.

(1) be afraid 意为“担心，害怕”，多用于口语，常用来表示一种歉意，或遗憾，后可接 so 或 not，也可接 that 从句。I'm afraid (that) 其语意相当于 I'm sorry, but...。

-- Are we on time? 我们准时吗? -- I'm afraid not. 恐怕不准时。I'm afraid you'll get caught in the rain.

(2) be afraid to do sth 常表示“由于胆小而不敢做某事”。She is afraid to be here alone. / He is afraid to jump into the river from the bridge.

(3) be afraid of (doing) sth. 常表示“担心或害怕某事(发生)”。I was afraid of hurting her feelings.

5. live, living, alive, lively

(1) live adj.

① 活的；活生生的；(只修饰生物；只作前置定语) The laboratory is doing experiments with several live monkeys.

② 实况直播的 (不是录音)It wasn't a recorded show. It was live.

③ 带电的；燃着的；可爆炸的 This is a live wire.

(2) living adj. 活着的，有生命的(作表语或定语) She was, he thought, the best living novelist in England. / The old man is still living. (或alive)

(3) alive adj. ① 活着的；② 有活力的；有生气

作后置定语：Who's the greatest man alive?

作表语：Was the snake alive or dead? / My grandmother is more alive than a lot of young people.

作补语：Let's keep the fish alive.

(4) lively adj. 活泼的；有生气的；活跃的(作表语或定语) The music is bright and lively.

6. take off, take down, take in, take on, take up

(1) take off

① (飞机)起飞 A helicopter is able to take off and land straight up or down.

② 脱下(衣裳等)；取下 He took off his wet shoes. / Who took the knob off the door?

③ 休假；请假；歇工 When his wife was sick he took off from work.

④ (指观念、产品) 大受欢迎；(事业)突然发达，成功The new type of cell phones has really taken off. / His business began to take off when he was in his forties.

(2) take down

① 拿下来；取下来 He reached up to the third shelf of the bookcase and took down a dictionary.

② 记下来 He read out the names and his secretary took them down.

(3) take in

① 接受 (房客，客人等)；收留 The farmers took in the lost travelers for the night.

② 理解；领会；明白 The boys could not take in his meaning.

③包括；涉及 The study of physics takes in many different subjects.

④使上当；欺骗We were completely taken in by her story.

(4) take on

① 接受；从事(某工作) After his father died, Bill took on the management of the factory.

② 雇用Is the supermarket taking on any more assis- tant?

③ 具有(新面貌、意思等) The city has taken on a new look.

(5) take up

① 从事某项活动；发展某种爱好 So many young men want to take up writing.

② 开始做(某项工作)；开始学习(某个课程) Then she took up the task of getting the breakfast. / He dropped medicine and took up physics.

③ 占去 (时间或空间) The meeting took up the whole morning. / The table takes up too much room.

④ 接受I'd like to take up your offer of a ride into town.

7. call for, call on, call up

(1) call for

① 来找(某人)；来取(某物) I'll call for you at your house.

②要求；需要Success in school calls for much hard work.

(2) call on

① call on / upon sb. 拜访；去会(某人) I hope to call on you at your office at 3 o’clock today.

② call on / upon sb. to do sth. 请／叫某人做某事He called upon me to speak immediately.

③ 号召；呼吁；要求 The President called on his people to serve the country.

(3) call up

① 给??打电话 (英 ring up) I tried to call you up last night, but no one answered the phone.

② 征召入役；调用 (后备部队) Three boys in our street were called up last week.

8. too much, much too

(1) too much “太多”之意，可以作形容词，修饰不可数名词，也可作副词，修饰动词。 There is too much rain here in spring. / She talked too much at the meeting.

(2) much too “简直太，过于”，只能作副词，用来修饰形容词或别的副词，不能修饰动词。This book is much too difficult for me. / The old man walks much too slowly.

9. custom, habit

(1) custom 指传统风俗、习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接不定式。They broke some of the old customs. / It is the custom in China to eat dumplings during the spring Festival.

(2) habit 指个人生活习惯。“(有)养成??习惯”常

用be in / fall into / get into / form / have the habit of doing sth. 句型；“戒掉??习惯”常用 give up / kick / break away from / get out of the habit of doing sth. 句型。It's easy to get into a bad habit but its hard to give it up. / The drug easily get one into the habit of smoking.

10. arise, rise, raise

raise vt.“使??上升；升起；提高”等；

rise vi.“上升；升起”；

arise vi.“站起来(stand up)”，“起床(get up)”，rise和arise用作站起，起床都属正式用法；arise主要表示“出现、发生”等意思。She raised her voice in anger. (抬高) The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground. (刮起) The child rose from the ground and ran to his mother. (=The child raised himself from the ground and ran to his mother.) (爬起) She rises before it is light. (起床) Difficulties will arise as we do the work. (出现)

☆短语归纳☆

1. can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事，不由得不做某事

She couldn't hep smiling.

[比较]

(1) can't help but do 不得不??；不能不 When the streets are full of melting snow, you can't help but get your shoes wet.

(2) cannot but 不能不，只能He could not but feel disappointed.

[归纳]

(1) help (sb.) (to) do sth. Help me get him back to bed at once. / By helping them we are helping save ourselves.

(2) help...with sth. 帮助??做某事 In those days he used to help her mother with her gardening.

(3) help oneself / sb. to sth. 给自己 / 别人夹菜 / 拿烟

等；擅自拿用 May I help you to some more vegetables?

(4) help...in sth. 在??方面帮助某人 She offered to help Rose in the housekeeping when I am not here.

(5) help out 帮忙 (做事；克服困难等) I've often helped Bob out when he's been a bit short of money.

[牛刀小试3]

1. The reason ____ you failed, I think, was ____ you had turned a deaf ear to your mother's advice.

A. that; because B. why; because

C. why; that D. for that; that

2. The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. (2004 全国卷I)

A. for which B. at which

C. in which D. on which

3. When ____, the museum will be open to the public next year. (2002 上海春招)

A. completed B. completing

C. being completed D. to be completed

4. ____ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. (2003 上海)

A. The president will attend

B. The president to attend

C. The president attend

D. The president's attending

5. I don't think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. (NMET 1990)

A. this B. that C. its D. it

【交际速成】

1. Giving opinions and Making comments 询问看法与作出评价

(2003北京西城)

-- How do you find the talk given by Mr．Smith? -- ____.

A. Very well B. Excited C. Boring D. Not at an

[答案与解析]C 本题考查对事物提出看法或作出评价的用语。A、B两项词法错误，若改为Very good或Exciting，就可回答提问了。D项不合语境。此句完整为：(It's) Boring.

【归纳】英语中询问看法的用语有：

① How do you like / find...?

② What do you think of / about...?

③ What do you feel about...?

2. Describing sequences按次序描述事件发生的过程

Mother first did some washing and then did some cooking, ____ she had a rest.

A. finally B. in the end

C. by the end D. at last

[答案与解析] A 本题考查如何描述事情发生的顺序。finally 用于在列举一系列内容之后。要引出最后一项内容的场合；也可与at last互换，表示所盼望的事迟迟到来。in the end强调结果。有时可与口at last意义相同。

【归纳】英语中常见描述事件发生次序的用语有：

① First,.... Next,....Then.... Finally, ....例如:

First, we went to Leshan. Next, we climbed Mount Emei. Then we played with some moneys. Finally, towards evening we were on the way back to Chengdu.

② What did you do next?

3. Thanks致谢

(2002北京) -- It's been a wonderful evening, Thank you very much. -- ____.

A. My pleasure B. I'm glad to hear that

C. No, thanks D. It's OK

[答案与解析]A 本题考查英语中如何表达感谢及应答。My pleasure是回答感谢的客套话。

【归纳】英语中表达感谢的用语有：

① Thank you (very much).

② Thanks a lot.

③ Thank you for your help.

④ It's very kind / nice of you.

⑤ Many thanks.

⑥ I appreciate your help.

⑦ I can never thank you enough.

⑧ I'm extremely grateful to you.

应答用语有：

① It's a pleasure.

② My pleasure.

③ That's OK / all right.

④ You're welcome.

⑤ Not at all.

⑥ Don't mention it.

⑦ No trouble at all (没什么).

⑧ At your service (愿为你效劳).

⑨ Think nothing of it.

[牛刀小试4]

1. -- Thank you ever so much for your help. -- ____.

A. Glad to hear that B. Not worth thanking

C. Think nothing of it D. You're too polite

2. -- How did you find your visit to the museum, Jane?

-- ____.

A. Oh, wonderful, indeed B. By taking a No. 3 bus

C. I went there alone

D. A classmate of mine showed me the way

3. -- ____ the articles of Times? -- I'm not sure. I glanced through them but I haven't formed an opinion yet.

A. How do you think of B. What did you like

C. How did you like D. What do you think of

4. -- Thank you very much for the meal. -- Not at all. ____.

A. I'm very glad to hear that B. I'm glad you could come

C. Make yourself at home D. With pleasure

☆精典题例☆

1. Generally speaking, ____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (20xx年上海)

A. when taking B. when taken

C. when to take D. when to be taken

【解析】选B take和drug是动宾关系，要用过去分词作状语。可看作是when it is taken的省略。

2. Unless ____ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference. (20xx年春季上海)

A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited

【解析】选A you与invite是动宾关系，要用过去分

词invited作状语。

3. The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002)

A. begins B. having begun

C. beginning D. begun

【解析】选D once begun 在句中作状语；once这里是连词，“一旦”。

4. ____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (20xx年湖北)

A. Compare B. When comparing

C. Comparing D. When compared

【解析】选D 相当于when it is compared。

5. ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (20xx年上海)

A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring

C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring

【解析】选B not only...but also引导的并列句；以not only开头的句子要部分倒装。

6. ____, he used to helped his father on the farm.

A. When was a boy B. As he was a boy

C. As a boy D. During a boy

【解析】选C as在这里是连词；as a boy = when (he was) a boy。

高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析

Unit7-8

☆重点句型☆

1. I can became infected with HIV by swinmaing ...

2. I wish that she were here with me and that we weren't sick.

3. The most important thing to keep ... is to stay calm.

4. If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped them.

5. Many hospital recommend that we use the letters ...

6. If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would ...

7. As with most diseases and disasters, the young suffer the most.

8. She might have been hit by a car ...

9. Send whatever you find to the hospital to help ...

10. There we're days when I wished that I were dead so that I would not have to feel so sick.

☆重点词汇☆

1. deadly a. 致命的

2. quiz n. 小测验；竞赛

3. false a. 错误的，假的

4. virus n. 病毒

5. via prep. 通过，经由

6. blood n. 血

7. prevention n. 防止，预防

8. persuade v. 劝服

9. illness n. 病；(身体)小舒服

10. treatment n. 治疗；对待；处理

11. sex n. 性别；性

12. proper a 正确的，适当的

13. available a. 可利用的；有效的

14. network n. 网络

15. specialist n. 专家

16. fierce a. 野蛮的，凶猛的；激烈的

17. cell n. 细胞；单人牢房

18. radiation n. 辐射，放射

19. recover v. 恢复，康复

20. drown v. 溺死，使淹死

21. scream v. 尖叫，呼啸

22. witness vt. & n. 目击，为??作证；目击者

23. response n. 响应

24. slight adj. 轻微的，纤细的

25. chest n. 胸膛；箱子

26. circulate v. 循环，流通

27. wound n. 伤口

28. motorcycle n. 摩托年

29. sudden a. 意外的

30。 loose a. 松散的

31. tap n. (水，煤气等)龙头

32. bandage n. 包扎带

33. ambulance n. 救护车

34. choke v. 窒息，哽住，使窒息

☆重点短语☆

1. be / become infected with 受??感染

2. get tested for 测试

3. break down 损坏

4. suffer from 患??病

5. fear of disease 怕疾病

6. lack of 缺乏

7. free from 不受??影响，没有??

8. cheer up 使振奋，使高兴

9. medicine for cold 感冒药

10. last days of one's life 生命的最后日子

11. a great many 许多

12. samples of blood 血样

13. incurable disease 不治之症

14. go to end 结束。到头了

15. on the contrary 相反

16. for the moment 暂时，目前

17. think of...as 把??当作

18. live life to the fullest 生活得充实

19. first aid 急救

20. first of all 首先

21. roll over 翻转

22. die of 死于

23. in honor of 纪念??，庆祝??

24. in case of 以防??

25. keep in mind 记在心上

☆交际用语☆

1. A lot of people can't tell the difference between...

2. Are there many differences?

3. What do you mean by...

4. I'm sorry, I don't quite follow you.

5. Do you use American or British spdling?

6. American spellings ale used more and more in Canada now.

7. We must carry her to the side of the road.

8. You should / shouldn't...

9. I ought to go home.

10. Don't try to get up.

☆词汇短语☆

7. available a. 可用的，可达到的，有效的

The books are readily available for reference. 这些书随时可供参考。

Is Mr. Smith available for the opening of the school? 史密斯先生能参加学校的开学仪式吗?

17. breathe, breath

(1) breathe 是动词，呵及物也可不及物。

breathe hard 费力地呼吸

breathe into one's mouth 向某人嘴里吹气

breathe dust / fresh air 吸进灰尘／呼吸新鲜空气

start one's breathing 让某人呼吸起来

(2) breath 是名词。

take a deep breath 深吸一口气

take breath 喘口气；休息一下

hold one's breath 屏住气

lose one's breath 喘不过气来

out of breath 上气不接下气，气喘吁吁

[注意] out of sight 看不见；out of order 出故障；out of

question 没问题；out of control 失去控制；out of

danger 脱离危险；out of work 失业。

8. cheer vt. & vi. 使高兴，使振奋，喝彩

The good news cheers them all. 这个好消息使我们大家很高兴。

The fans cheer (for) their football team. 球迷为他们的足球队加油助威。

主要搭配：

(1) cheer up (使愉快，使高兴)

作及物或不及物用法：

Cheer up! My little man. 别灰心，老弟!

She told a joke, trying to cheer me up. 她讲了个笑话来让我开心。

(2) cheer on (鼓励，鼓劲)

We all cheered the runners on as they rushed to the tape.

当运动员冲刺时，我们都为他们鼓劲。

5. discourage

使泄气；使失去信心、希望或精神(做某事)

1) ～ sb. (from doing sth.) 阻拦某人不要做某事

His parents discouraged him from joining the air force. 他的父母劝他不要参加空军。

2) try to stop (sth.) 试图阻止；阻拦；劝阻

The school teachers discourage smoking. 学校老师不赞成吸烟。

3) be discouraged, get discouraged / discouraged adj.

If you meet with any difficulty in your study, don't be discouraged. 如果你学习中遇到什么困难，不要灰心。

discouraging adj.

a discouraging result, reply 使人泄气的结果、回答

2. false a. 假的，错的，不实的

The report is false. 这份报告不真实。

He is false of heart. 他不忠实。

常见结构 be false to 意为“违背，不忠，欺骗”。

He is false to his country. 他背叛祖国。

She is a girl false to her promise / word.

她是一个不守诺言的女孩子。

【考点8】free 的用法

▲ 构词：

① freedom n. [U]自由

② freely adv. 自由地

▲ 搭配：

① for free 免费(作表语、状语)

② set...free 释放??；使??自由

③ free of charge 免费(作表语、状语)

④ be free from 免于??；不受??；无??的；免去??的

⑤ have a free talk(with sb)(about sth) 和(某人)就某事进行自由交谈

⑥ enjoy free medical care 享受公费医疗

⑦ enjoy freedom of speech 享受言论自由

⑧ fight for freedom 为自由而战

▲句型：

① sb be free = sb have free time 有空

② sb be / feel free to do sth 随便干??，随心所欲地干

??。无拘无束地干??

③ free + sb / sth 使??自由

▲ 友情提示：“免费”的其他表示法：

① for nothing (作状语)；without payment (作状语)；

free(作表语、定语)

② at one's own expense / charge 自费(作状语)

③ at public expense 公费

④ (enjoy)public health services = (enjoy) free medical

service / care (享受)公费医疗

【考例8】The prisoner was ____.

A. set freely B. enjoyed free

C. get freedom D. set free

[考查目标]考查free，freely，freedom等词的运用。

[答案与解析]D set sb free为一个固定短语，表示“释放某人”。

1. infect

1) 使某人／某物传染，感染

～ sb. / sth. (with sth.)；cause sb. / sth. to have a disease

The laboratory animals had been infected with the bacteria. 试验室里的动物都受到这种细菌的感染。

Police have sealed off infected areas of the country. 警方已将全国各感染区封锁了。

One of the boys in the class had a fever and he soon infected other children.

班上的一个孩子发烧了，不久他就传染上了其他孩子。

2) 使受影响，使受感染

fill (sb.'s mind or spirit) with happy and positive ideas or feelings

Her cheerful spirits and bubbling laughter infected the whole class. 她那快乐的情绪和爽朗的笑声感染了全班。

6. lack 缺乏，不足

(1) 名词用法

She has no lack of supporters. 她不缺支持者。(有很多支持者)

The draught was caused by a lack of rain.这场旱灾是雨水不足造成的。

[注意] lack作可数或不可数名词，lack前面常与for

搭配，表示“缺乏”的原因，此时常用作不可数名词，

如：

We now can't discuss the plan for lack of time. 因时间所限我们现在不能讨论这个计划。

(2) 动词用法

lack 可作及物或不及物动词用，作不及物动词时与for 搭配表示原因，与in搭配表示“在??方面缺乏”。

The young completely lacks experience.这个年轻人完全缺乏经验。

They lack for money at present.目前他们缺乏资金。

He is lacking in responsibility.他缺乏责任心。

【考点2】lack的用法

▲ 搭配：

① for lack of 因缺少

② lack in 缺少

▲ 句型：

① There is a lack of sth 缺少??

② There is no lack of sth = have no lack of sth 不缺

【考例2】(2002上海)Though ____ money, his par-ents managed to send him to university.

A. lacked B. lacking of

C. lacking D. lacked in

[考查目标] 考查省略句。

[答案与解析]C 当从句的主语和主句的主语相同时．

或从句的谓语是be动词时，可以省略主语和be动词，

本句补全应该为：Though (they were) lacking...

【考点5】manage 的用法

▲ 构词：

① manager n. 经理

② management n. 经营，管理

▲句型：

① manage to do sth 设法做成某事

② I can manage it myself. 我自己能应付／对付过去。

▲辨析：attempt；manage；succeed；try；seek该组词均含“设法”之意。try表示尽力、设法、试图去做某事，但未必一定成功，所做之事不一定有困难；try还可作名词，have a try = try = have a go 试一次；have another try = try again再试一次；want a go 想试一次。attempt 是try 的更正式的说法，试图做某事，有时可以表示“企图”的意思。manage表示设法(得以)完成(某件困难之事)，还可作及物动词，意为“经营，管理”；不及物动词，意为“能办到”，常用于口语I can manage (it) myself. 我自己能行。succeed 去做所希望的事并成功地干了该事，常见结构是succeed in(do—ing) sth。seek意为“试图、企图干某事”。例如：

The boys attempted to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents. 男孩子们想去野营但被他们的父母拦住了。

She succeeded in taking a first-class degree in physics two years after arriving in Paris. 到巴黎之后，她取得了一级物理学位。

He tried to do the operation with very little help, but didn't succeed. 他试图在没有帮助的情况下做这个手术，但没有成功。

【考例5】He ____ the operation with very little help.

A. succeeded to do B. attempted to

C. managed to do D. managed doing

[考查目标] 考查同义词的辨析。

[答案与解析]C succeed in doing sth，而 manage to do sth; attempt 为vt. 后面直接接宾语，而不要接介词。

4. persuade vt.cause sb. to do sth. by arguing or reasoning with him说服，劝服；使相信

persuade sb. into / out of sth. 说服，劝服某人做某事

persuade sb. to do sth.

persuade sb. that... 后接宾语从句

Who persuaded you to join this society? 谁说服你参加这个团体?

I am almost persuaded of his honesty. 我几乎相信他是诚实的。

【考点l】persuade的用法

▲ 句型：

② persuade sb (not) to do sth说服某人(不要)干某事

② persuade sb into / out of doing sth (= advise sb not to do sth)说服某人(不要)干某事

③ persuade sb that... 使人信服??

【考例l】(2001上海)Alice trusts you: only you can ____ her to give up the foolish idea.

A. suggest B. attract

C. tempt D. persuade

[考查目标] 考查动词之间的辨析与实际运用。

[答案与解析]D suggest 不能接 sb. do sth；句子的意思为：Alice 相信你，只是因为你能说服她放弃愚蠢的想法。

【考点3】prevent 的用法

▲ 搭配：prevent...from...妨碍；阻碍；防止；预防

▲ 句型：

① prevent sth 阻止??，预防??

② prevent sb's doing sth

③ prevent sb / sth (from) doing sth = stop sb / sth

(from)doing sth = keep sb / sth from doing sth 阻止／防止某人干??

▲ 注意：在prevent sb / sth from doing sth和stop sb /sth from doing sth中，from在主动句中可省略，在被动句中不能省略；keep sb / sth from doing sth 中 from 的不可省略。

▲ 辨析：prevent; protect

两词意义相近，但用法和意思略有差别。protect常用于protect sb / sth from / against sth 结构中，from或against 后常接名词．不接动词-ing形式。而prevent常用于prevent sb / sth from doing sth 结构中，而且只能与from连用，不能与against搭配．from后常接动词一 ing形式，也可接名词。例如：

My parents are trying to prevent me from going abroad. 我父母极力阻止我出国。

His advice prevented me from making a serious mis-take. 他的忠告使我免于犯下严重的错误。

He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow. 他伸出胳臂护住脸部免受被拳击打。

【考例3】 No one can prevent the plans ____ out.

A. to be carried B. from being carried

C. not to carry D. from carrying

[考查目标] 考查 prevent 短语的搭配与语态的用法。

[答案与解析]B prevent sb. / sth tom doing sth 结合上下文，the plans应该“被实施”。故动名词用被动形

式。

15. recommend vt.

推荐，介绍；劝告，建议；使可接受；使受欢迎；使成为

可取；托(付)；交付

He recommended to try a new medicine.他建议试服一种新药。

The woman manager recommended her child to her colleague. 那位女经理把她的孩子托给同事照管。

Your plan has very little t0 recommend it. 你的计划几乎毫无可取之处。

The dying man recommended his soul to God. 这垂危病人把灵魂交付上帝。

10. recover 恢复，病愈

(1) 通常作不及物动词用，名词为recovery。

Her father has fully recovered. 她父亲已完全康复。

(2) 常与from连用，如：

He has just recovered from severe illness. 他大病初愈。

The city is recovering from the effects of the earthquake. 这座城市正在从地震中恢复正常。

【考点9】remember 的用法

▲ 搭配：

① be remembered as 作为??而被铭记

② be remembered for... 因为??而被别人记住

▲ 句型：

① remember sth / that clause

② remember to do sth (=don't forget to do sth) 记住要做某事

③ remember doing sth (have done sth arid remember the

action) 记得曾做过某事

④ remember + wh-clause

⑤ remember me to sb 代我向某人问好

▲辨析：memorize；recall；remember

三词均与“记忆”有关．但memorize意为“记忆。默记”．指有意识地用心去记。remember意为“记得，想起”，指回忆或想起某事，表示没有刻意费心去想，有时也表示有意识地把某事记在心上。recall意为“追忆，回想”，指有意或努力追忆已忘记的事。例如：

She finally memorized the poem. 她终于记住了那首诗。

I can't recall the exact details of the report. 我记不起报告的确切细节。

I shall always remember my first day in college. 我将永远记住我上大学的第一天。

【考例9】(1999上海)

-- Let me tell you something about the journalists.

-- Don't you remember ____ me the story yester—day?

A. told B. telling

C. to tell D. to have told

[考查目标] remember 在非谓语动词中的用法。

[答案与解析]B remember to do sth 表示“记得要做某事”；而rememberdoing表示“记得做过某事”。从上下文看应该是后者。

16. response 回答；答复；反应

I've had no response to my letter.我还没有回信。

His appeal met with no (little) response.他的呼吁没有得到任何反应。

in response to [介] 回答??；回应

【考点7】since 的用法

▲ 搭配：ever since自从那时起一直到现在；since then

从那时起，常与完成时连用；比较：from then on从那时

起．常与一般过去时连用；after that从那以后，表示过

去某一事件后。但并不延续到现在，常与一般过去时连用。

After that he didn't say anything to other people. 从那以后，他和其他人什么也没说过。

【考例7】(2004上海) The first use of atomic weapons

was in 1 945，and their power ____ increased enor-

mously ever since.

A. is B. was

C. has been D. had been

[考查目标] 考查时态在具体语境中的用法。

[答案与解析]C ever since暗示应该使用现在完成时态，强调对现在的影响和产生的结果。

【考点6】stop的用法

▲ 搭配：

① put a stop to 制止

② come to a (sudden，complete) stop (突然) 停了

③ bring sth to a stop 使??停止，使??终止

▲ 句型：

① sb / sth stop

② sb stop sb / sth

③ sb stop to do sth = sb stop and do sth 停止某事而去做另一件事

④ stop doing sth停止做原来的某事

⑤ sb / sth stop sb / sth (from) doing sth / being done阻止某人做某事／阻止某事被做

▲辨析1：avoid；prevent；stop

三词均意为“避免”，但avoid意为“避开，避免”，指避开人为的或自然产生的情况或结果。其后可接名词或动词。prevent意为“阻止，避免”，多指使用预防性或阻止性的措施来反对、阻止某事。其后可接名词、代词、动名词复合结构。常用的句型为：prevent...from stop意为“阻止，避免”，与prevent相近，常用的句型为：stop...(from)，在被动句中from不能省略。例如：

I crossed the street to avoid meeting my father. 我穿过马路以免遇到爸爸。

These rules are intended to prevent accidents. 这些规章旨在防止事故发生。

Her parents are trying to stop me seeing her. 她父母企图阻止我见她。

▲辨析2：pause；stop

两词均意为“停止”，但pause表示“停顿”的意思，指暂时停止。stop表示“停止。阻止”的意思，应用比较广泛。多用于口语中，其后面跟动名词或动词不定式，所表达的意思完全相反(见上)。

【考例6】(MET 1990)She reached the top 0f the hill

and stopped ____ on a big rock by the side of the path.

A. to have rested B. resting

C. to rest D. rest

[考查目标] 考查 stop 的用法。

[答案与解析]C stop to do 表示“停下来做另外一件事情”；stopdoing sth 则表示“停止做原来的事情”。从上下文看应该选用to do sth。

3. via

1) prep. by way of (sth.); through 经由，途经

to travel from Beijing to Shanghai via Tianjin由北京经由天津去上海

go from London to Washington via New York

2) by means of 通过；凭借

I sent a message to Mary via her brother.我托玛丽的兄弟把信带给她。

【考点4】wound 的用法

▲ 构词：wounded adj. 受伤的

▲搭配：receive a wound = be wounded 受伤

▲辨析：damage；destroy；harm；hurt；injure；ruin；spoil；wound这几个词都有“伤害”的意思。damage指伤害人或物而使之失去价值、功能或正常的外观。该词也可作名词，多用于自然灾害中的损害，相当于harm。destroy指具体的或抽象的事物受到彻底损坏而很难恢复，故常用来指“破坏、毁坏、摧毁”。harm常用于口语，一般只作及物动词，表示对??有害／损害，特指伤及一个人或其心情、健康、权利、事业等，并使之产生痛苦、损失或

某种不幸遭遇。其名词为harm，只能作不可数名词，意为“损害、伤害”。hurt一般用语，既可以指肉体上的，也可以指精神上的，还可表示在事故中受伤。其名词为hurt，尤指精神上或感情上的伤害，肉体上的伤痛。injure主要指在事故中受伤。其名词是injury，平时的大小创伤或伤害，还可指事故中的伤害。rum多用于借喻中，有时泛指一般的“弄坏了”。spoil“损害，损坏，破坏”，指原来的质量、结构、安排、打算等遭到损害、破坏，而使某物无用或不能令人满意。wound常指在战争、暴力或灾害中受伤，也可指精神上的创伤。其名词是wound，指战斗中刀或枪的创伤、伤口。例如：

His wife had an accident and damaged her bike. 他的妻子遇到了意外事故，把自行车弄坏了。

The heavy storms destroyed a good part of our crops.几场暴雨把大部分庄稼都毁坏了。

He didn't mean to harm you. 他不是故意伤害你的。

I didn't mean to hurt your feelings. 我本没想要伤害你的感情。

There were tWO people injured in the car accident. 有两个人在车祸中受了伤。

He ruined himself by gambling. 他因赌博毁了自己。

Our holidays were spoilt by bad weather. 我们假日的乐趣被恶劣天气破坏了。

The enemy fired and wounded some of our soldiers. 敌人开枪伤了我们的战士。

【考例4】(2001上海) A bullet hit the soldier and he was

wounded in ____ leg.

A. a B. one C. the D. his

[考查目标]考查固定搭配。

[答案与解析]C 本题考查动词wound sb. + 介词 in +the+身体的某一部位的固定搭配。

11. 表示态度、语气的评注性状语归类：

generally speaking 一般说来

strictly speaking 严格说来

honestly speaking 诚实地说来

personally speaking 就我个人而言

exactly speaking 准确地说来

to tell you the truth 说实话

to be honest 老实说

believe it or not 信不信由你

judging from his appearance 从他的相貌来说上述用法系固定搭配，动词形式不因句子结构而变化，使用时应特别注意。如：

Personally speaking, he is fit for the work.我个人认为他胜任这项工作。

To be honest, I don't appreciate the style.坦率讲，我不喜欢这种风格。

Believe it or not, she'll no long be here.信不信由你，她不会再来这里了。

☆精典题例☆

1. -- Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.

-- Thanks. You ____ it. I could managed it myself. (2005 福建)

A. needn't do B. needn't have done

C. mustn't do D. shouldn't have done

【解析】选D “情态动词 + 完成时态”用来表示对过去某一事实的假设或推测，根据上下文可以得知凯瑟琳自己可以做，所以对方“本不必做”。

2. Mum is coming. What present ____ for your

birthday? (2005 福建)

A. you expect she has got

B. you expect has she got

C. do you expect she has got

D. do you expect has she got

【解析】选C do you expect 通常被看作插入语，而不写成Do you expect what she has got，所以后面的宾语从句仍用陈述语序。

3. I always take something to read when I go to the

doctor's ____ I have to wait. (2005 全国II)

A. in case B. SO that

C. in order D. as if

【解析】选A in case引导句子或单独使用，上面句子中in case I have to wait “以防我去等”，使上下文逻辑通顺。

4. -- I'm afraid Mr. Wood can't see you until 4 o'clock.

-- Oh, ____ I won't wait. (2005 浙江)

A. no doubt B. after all

C. in that case D. in this way

【解析】选C in this / that case (要是这样／那样的话)。

5. He ____ have completed his work; otherwise,he wouldn't be enjoying hirnself by the seaside. (2005北京)

A. should B. must

C. wouldn't D. can't

【解析】选A 根据下文“否则他在海边没法玩得痛快。”可以推出上一句“他本应该要完成他的工作。”shouldhave done表示后悔或责备，意为“本应该做了(但事实上没做)”。

6. I ____ have been more than six years old when the aecident happened. (2005 天津)

A. shouldn't B. couldn't

C. mustn't D. needn't

【解析】选B“情态动词 + 完成时态”用来表示对过

去某一事实的假设或推测。尤其用来表示否定的推测则用"can't / couldn't have done"。本句译为：当事故发生时我不可能大于六岁。

7. -- Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.

-- Well. He ____ have gone far — his coat's still here. (2005湖北)

A. shouldn't B. mustn't

C. can't D. woldldn't

【解析】选c同第6题，表示否定的推测。

8. If I ____ plane to do anything I wanted to, I'd

like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of

it as possible. (2005湖北)

A. would B. could

C. had to D. ought to

【解析】选B 本题考查if引导的虚拟语气结构。从I'd like to go...判断，本句为与现在事实相反，故选B。

9. -- Don't you think it necessary that he ____ to Miami but to New York?

-- I agree, but the problem is ____ he has refused to. (2005 江苏)

A. will not be sent; that

B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what

D. should not send; what

【解析】选B 本题既考查了虚拟语气的用法，又考查了表语从句的用法。由necessary引导的主语从句或宾语从句，需要用shouId do，而他是要“被派往”迈阿密，所以第一空用(should)not be sent，而第二空在be动词之后需要用一个表语从句，由于句子结构完整，所以用that。

10. -- How do you ____ we go to Beijing for our holidays?

-- I think we'd better fly there. It's much more

comfortable. (2004福建)

A. insist B. want

C. suppose D. suggest

【解析】选A 本题考查insist表示“坚持”时所带的宾语从句用虚拟，即：insist that sb. (should) do sth. 所以本题选A。

高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析

Unit9-10

☆重点句型☆

1. Cell phones, or mobile phones make it possible for us to talk to anyone from anywhere. it 作形式宾语的用法

2. I don't dare to use the phone in school. dare 的用法

3. The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing.

no matter + 疑问词引导的让步状语从句

4. The cell phone helps her do whatever she wants to do.

whatever 引导的名词从句

5. We human beings could not survive without all plants and animals around us. 表双重否定

6. We may be able to take measures before it is too late.

before 的译法

7. Steve Jones tries to keep animals and plants from becom- ing endangered. 表示“阻止某人做某事”

☆重点词汇☆

1. agreement n. 一致，协定

2. absolutely adv. 绝对地，完全地

3. press vt. & vi. 按，压，逼迫

4. teenager n. (13--19岁的)青少年

5. throughout prep. 遍及，贯穿

6. add vt. 增加，添加，补充说

7. 1atest adj. 最近的，最新的

8. calendar n. 日历

9. appointment n. 约会，指定

10. behaviour n. 行为，举止

11. obey v. 服从

12. emergency n. 紧急情况

13. dial vt. 拨号

14. unexpected adj. 想不到的

15. particular adj. 特别的，个别的

16. succeed v. 成功

17. force n. & vt. 力量，强制

18. wonder n. 奇迹

19. defeat vt. & n. 击败，失败

20. department n. 部，局，系

21. interview vt. & n. 接见，会见

22. environmental adj. 环境的

23. common adj. 共同的，普遍的

24. valuable adj. 有价值的

25. reduce vt. 减少

26. respond vi. 回答，响应

27. material n. 材料，原料

28. attractive adj. 吸引人的

29. organize vt. & vi. 组织

30. amount n. 数量

☆重点短语☆

1. keep / stay in touch with 与??保持联络

2. call for 要求，需要

3. in case of 假设，万一

4. according to 根据，据??所说

5. take over 接收，接管

6. break down 毁掉，坏掉

7. in danger 在危险中

8. die out 灭绝，逐渐消失

9. as a result of 作为(??的)结果

10. lead to 导致某种结果

11. take measures 采取措施

12. adapt to 适应

13. make a difference 有关系，有影响

14. devote...to 献身于??，专心于??

15. at present 现在，目前

16. set free 释放

17. in the wild 在自然环境下

18. throw away 扔掉

19. on the go 忙个不停，四处奔走

20. remind...of... 使人想起??

21. dream of 梦想

22. come up with 提出

23. first of all 首先

24. make money 赚钱

25. depend on 依靠

☆短语闯关☆

下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词5分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?

1. stay in ____ with 与??保持联络

2. call ____ 要求，需要

3. ____ case(of) 假设；万一

4. according ____ 按照；根据??所说

5. take ____ 接收；接管

6. break ____ 毁掉，坏掉；中止

7. ____ danger 在危险中；垂危

8. die ____ 灭绝；逐渐消失

9. ____ a result of作为(??的)结果；由于

10. lead ____ 导致某种结果

11. ____ measures 采取措施

12. adapt ____ 适应(新环境等)

13. make a ____ 有关系；有影响

14. devote ____ 献身于??；专心于??

15. present ____ 现在；目前

16. ____ free 释放

17. ____ the wild 在自然环境下

18. throw ____ 扔掉；浪费

19. ____ the go 忙个不停；四处奔走；跑来跑去

20. turn...inside ____ 把??翻过来

☆交际用语☆

1. I can't agree with you on this point.

2. That's the point.

3. Well, it depends.

4. Does anyone share David's opinion?

5. I absolutely agree.

6. That's how I see it.

7. Why can't we drink the water in our rivers and lakes? Because the water is polluted.

8. Cars and factories cause air pollution. As a result of air pollution, many people get sick.

9. People get sick because of air pollution. It follows that we must do something about it.

☆单词聚焦☆

1. adapt vt. 使适应；使配合

(1) adapt + n. + to + n. 使??适应，使??适合

He could not adapt his way of life to the school. 他的生活方式无法适应学校的要求。

(2) adapt (oneself) to 适应??She quickly adapted to new circumstances. 她能够很快地适应新环境。/ I suggested he should adapt himself to his new conditions. 我建议他应该调整自己，以适应新的环境。

2. add vt. & vi. 增加，加入，补充说

If the tea is too strong, add some more water. 如果茶太浓，再加些水。/ Many words have been added to this edition of the dictionary。这一版字典增加了很多词。/ The bad weather only added to our difficulties. 恶劣的天气只会增添我们的困难。/ "And I hope you will realize it one day." he added. 他接着说：“我希耀你总有一天会明白这一点。” / I should like to add that we are pleased with the result. 我想补充一句，我们对这个成果感到高兴。

[短语]

add...to... 在??中加上?? add to 增加，增添

add up 加起来 add up to 总计，总共有??

Your carelessness added to our difficulty. 你的粗心增加了我们的困难。/ The money he spent added up to no more than ￡1,000. 他花的钱总计1000英镑。

3. add 的用法

▲ 构词：

① addition n. 加，加起来，增加物，增加，加法

② additional adj. 外加的，附加的，另加的

▲ 搭配：

① add sth in 算人；包括

② add A to B 把A加到B上，往A里添加B

③ add to 增加，加到

④ in addition 加上，又，另外

⑤ in addition to 加上，除??外，又

⑥ add sth up 把??加起来，总计

⑦ add up (to?)总计共达；表示，等于说。意味着；总而言之

【考例】The president talked with the official for a long

time, ____ that he still trusted him.

A. added B. adding C. adding up D. adding up to

[考查目标] 本题考查add及其构成短语的意思。

[答案与解析]B adding的意思是“补充(说)”。add up to意思是“加起来等于”。

4. amount n. 量，常与不可数名词连用

“the amount of + 不可数名词”表示“??的量”。

[提醒]

“a large amount of + 不可数名词”后跟单数谓语

“large amounts of + 不可数名词”后跟复数谓语

There is a large amount of / are large amounts of coal to be sent there. 大量的煤要运往那儿。

[比较] number 也意为“量”，但它指可数的事物的“数目，数量”。the number of ??的数目 / numbers of / a number of 大量的后跟复数名词

5. case的用法

▲ 搭配：

① as is often the case 这是常有的事

② as the case stands 在目前的情况下，就现有的情况而论

③ in this / that case 如果是这样／那样的话

④ in any case 无论如何，总之

⑤ in case (that)-clause 假使。如果，万一

⑥ in case of 万一??，如果发生??

⑦ (just)in case 以防(万一)

⑧ in most cases 在大多数情况下

【考例】(2005广东)You'd better take something to read when you go to see the doctor ____ you have to wait.

A. even if B. as if C. in case D. in order that

[考查目标]考查 case 构成的短语的用法。

[答案与解析]C 句意：“当你去看医生的时候最好带点东西读以防等待”。in case 意为“万一”；even if意为“即使”；as if，意为“好像”；in order that 意为“为了??”。就高考而言，除了 in case 之外，意为“以防万一”的引导词还应掌握-，for fear that 和lest。

6. defeat 的用法

▲ 构词：defeatist n. 失败主义者

▲ 搭配：suffer a defeat战败；遭受挫败

▲ 辨析：defeat；beat；conquer 这组动词的一般含义是“打败”。

defeat 的含义是“打败”，但被打败者不一定服输。例如：The public bet a lot of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. 公众为门杜萨下了一大笔赌注，但是他被击败了。

beat则表示彻底“打败”，而且被打败者完全服输了。

例如：It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and become Champion of England. 直到1790年第三次比赛时，他才最后打败汉弗莱斯，而成为英国的冠军。

conquer 更可强调“把对方征服”，而且被征服者或被征服的国家为征服者所有，可以任意支配，特别指“获得

对人、物或感情的控制。例如：Some countries may be defeated but can never be conquered. 有的国家可能被打败，但决不能被征服。

【考例】-- Who ____ the team from No. 2 Middle school? -- I'm not sure. Perhaps the team from the nearby county.

A. defeated B. won C. beat D. gained

[考查目标]本题考查defeat的常见用法。

[答案与解析]A defeat 意思是“打败”，后面跟的是表示“人”或“组织”的名词或代词。

7. depend 的用法

▲ 搭配：

① That depends. 要看情况而定。

② It (all) depends. 要看情况而定。

③ depend on / upon 依靠；由??而定．取决于；从属于；依赖其维持

【考例】[2004江苏]

-- How long are you staying? -- I don't know. ____.

A. That's OK B. Never mind

C. It depends D. It doesn't matter

[考查目标]考查depend在交际场合的用法。

[答案与解析]C it depends 意思是“看情况。不能确定”。

8. devote vt. 投入于；献身

devoted 忠实的；献身??的；专用的

devote one's time / life / energy / oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于??；献身于?? = be devoted to...致力于??；献身于??；忠实于?? After that, he devoted his entire energy to these studies. 从那以后，他全力以赴从事这些研究工作。/ He is very devoted to his wife. 他很忠实于他的妻子。

9. devote 的用法

▲ 构词：

① devotion n. 献身；奉献；忠诚；热心，专心

② devoted adj. 忠诚的；挚爱的；喜欢的

③ devotedly adv. 忠实地，一心一意地

▲搭配：

① devote...to 把??献给；把??专用于

② devote oneself to 致力于，献身于；专心于

③ be devoted to 专心于，忠于

▲ 友情提示：各搭配中to均为介词。

【考例】[2004全国卷IV] First of all, I respected his ____ to teaching.

A. attention B. introduction

C. relation D. devotion

[考查目标] 本题考查 devote 派生词的词义和用法。

[答案与解析]D devote的名词形式是devotion，也应

该和介词 to 搭配。

10. force n. [U][C]力量，势力，暴力 vt. 强迫，促使，强制 He didn't use much force. 他没怎么用力。/ They refused to bow before force. 他们拒绝向暴力低头。/ They have come to know the forces of nature. 他们终于知道了大自然的力量。

[注意]the forces 可表示“军队，兵力”。

[拓展]

force sb. to do sth.；force sb. into doing sth.；force sb. / sth. + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 I was forced to leave. 我被迫离开。(= into leaving) / The strong man forced himself into the empty room. 那个身体强壮的男子强行进入了那个宅房间。

[短语]

by force 靠武力，强行 be in force 生效

come / go into force 生效 put in / into force 使生效

force one's way 强行前进或进入

11. hurry 的用法

▲ 构词：

① hurried adj. 匆忙的

② hurriedly adv. 仓促地．慌忙地

▲ 搭配：

① in a hurry 匆忙地

② in no hurry 不忙，有充分的时间；不急于

③ no hurry 不忙．不必着急，有充裕的时间

④ hurry up 快点，赶紧做；催促(快点)

▲ 辨析：hurry; haste; speed 均含“动作上的快速”的意思。

hurry 指“动作不轻松、不自然的快，有时表示不必要的快”，并且常有“忙乱仓促”的意思。例如：In her hurry she forgot to leave her address. 在匆忙中，她忘了留下地址。

haste 着重“想办法赶快”的意思，并常表示“匆忙的动作。有时动作过分仓促而不能得到预期的结果”。例如：All his haste was of no use. 他白忙了。/ Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达。

speed 指“人(物)快捷(速)的动作”。例如：It is dangerous to corner at speed. 高速转弯是危险的。

【考例】[2004湖南] When l there ____ I apologized for being late, and told him I'd come as quickly as I could,...

A. went B. ran C. walked D. hurried

[考查目标] 考查几个与“走”有关的近义词的区别。

[答案与解析]D 从上下文看，当时，是”匆忙”的。

12. lie的用法

▲构词：liar n. 说谎者

▲搭配：

① lie down 躺下；磨洋工；停止战斗

② lie in 在于；位于

③ tell a lie = tell lies 撒谎

【考例】[2002北京] I would ____ very still so that the "enemy" would not discover me.

A. lay B. hide C. rest D. lie

[考查目标]本题考查lie，lay等几个相近词的区别。

[答案与解析]D lie是动词原形，意思是“躺”或“撒谎”。在本句中是“躺”的意思。

13. measure 的用法

▲ 搭配：

① make sth to sb's measure 按某人的尺寸制作某物

② take measures 采取措施 ③ beyond / above measure 无法估量地；无限的，极度地，非常，极为

【考例】[2004天津] I realized strength and courage aren't always ____ in medals and victories, but in the struggle we overcome.

A. measured B. praised C. tested D. increased

[考查目标] 本题考查measure的意思。

[答案与解析]A measure的基本词义是“衡量，量”。

14. press vt. & vi. 按，压，夹 n. 压力，印刷机，新闻界 Press this button to start the engine. 按下这个按钮启动发动机。/ My shoes presses my toe. 我的鞋挤脚趾。/ The power of the press is very great. 舆论的力量是巨大的。

[拓展] pressure n. 劳累，紧张；pressing adj. 紧迫的，恳切的

[短语] be pressed for time / money 缺时间／钱；press on 加紧赶路，奋力前进；in the press 正在印刷

15. reduce vt. & vi 减少，缩减，减化

reduce prices 降低价格

reduce air pollution 减少空气污染

reduce one's weight 减肥

reduce noise 减少噪音

[注意]reduce 作不及物动词时，仅作“减肥”讲。I must reduce to get into that dress. 我必须减肥才能穿上那条裙子。

[拓展]reduce...to 使??陷入不良状况；把??归纳成；把??降职为(to为介词) He was reduced to begging for food. 他沦落到讨饭的地步。

[短语] order 使??恢复秩序；整理

reduce...to silence使安静，使沉默下来

tears 使哭了起来

16. remind

(1) vt. 提醒

① remind sb. of / about sth. 提醒某人某物；提醒某人注意某事Be sure to remind her of the meeting she has to attend. 务必提醒她要参加那次会议。

② remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事Please remind me to post the letter. 请提醒我寄那封信。

③ remind sb. that-clause 提醒某人?? She reminded me that I hadn't written to mother. 她提醒了我，我还没给妈妈写信。

(2) vt. 使(人)想起，使记起

① remind sb. of sb. / sth. 使??想到某人或某物 He reminds me of his father. 看到他使我想起他的父亲。

② remind sb. that-clause 使人回忆起?? The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late. 看到钟使我想起我已经晚了。

【考例】[2000上海春招]what you said just now ____ me of that American professor.

A. mentioned B. informed C. reminded D. memorized

[考查目标] remind基本用法。

[答案与解析]C remind表示“提醒；让??想起”。

17. wonder v. 惊奇，惊叹，对??感到惊奇，想知道

[C] 奇迹，奇观奇事I wondered that he couldn't answer such an easy question. 他竟然回答不出这样简单的问题，真让我感到奇怪。/ I don't wonder at her refusing to marry him. 她拒绝嫁给他，对此我一点也不奇怪。/ It is really a wonder that he can recover from the SARS. 他能从非典型性肺炎中康复真是一个奇迹。

▲ 构词：wonderful adj. 令人惊奇的．奇妙的，极好的，令人愉快的

▲ 搭配：

① what a wonder! 多么令人惊异!真想不到!

② It is a wonder that... 奇怪的是??

③ (It's) no / little / small wonder (that?) 难怪?，?并不奇怪It's no wonder that you are so happy. 难怪你这么高兴。

④ do / perform / work wonders 创造奇迹，取得惊人成就

【考例】(2005湖北) He hasn't slept at all for three days. ____ he is tired out.

A. There is no point B. There is no need

C. It is no wonder D. It is no way

[考查目标] 考查 wonder 的词义。

[答案与解析]C “他已经三天没有睡觉了，现在筋疲力尽也不足为奇。”根据句意，答案选C。 no wonder 表示“不足为奇的”；no point 表示“没有意义”；no need表示“没有??的必要”；no way 表示“决不”。

[牛刀小试1]

用所给单词的适当形式填空：

(lie, remind, case, depend, add, measure, hurry)

1. The Smiths said they would take ____ to repair the windows by themselves.

2. There's plenty of time left; No ____.

3. The policemen rushed into the bedroom, only to find the couple ____ on the bed, dead.

4. -- Would you like to go swimming with Jack and Jim?

-- That ____.

5. The heavy storm ____to our trouble in the long marching, besides we were too tired.

6. When I couldn't remember the exact words, my brother ____ me of them.

7. I know there's no need to take so much money with me, but still I want to bring some in ____.

☆短语归类☆

1. 含 as 的短语

① as usual 像平常一样

② as if / as though 好像

③ as long as 长达??；只要

④ as soon as possible 尽可能早地，尽快

⑤ as well 也，又，同样地

⑥ as often as 每次．每当

⑦ as a / the result of 作为??的结果

⑧ as well as 也，还，和??一样好

⑨ as soon as 一??就??．和??一样快

⑩ as far as 和??一样远，就??，尽??

may / might as well 不妨

as a result 结果，因此

[例句] As if unsure of where she was, she hesitated and looked around. 她仿佛茫然不知身在何处，犹犹豫豫向

四周张望。/ As long as it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll go fishing. 只要明天不下雨，我们就去钓鱼。/ The flight was delayed as the result of fog. 因为有雾该航班误点。/ She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer. 她不但是摄影师还是个天才音乐家。/ His parents supported him as far as they could. 他父母竭尽全力抚养他。/ As often as I tried to phone him, the line was engaged. 每次我给他打电话都占线。

【考例】(2003北京) ____ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.

A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While

[考查目标]此题主要考查四个单词或短语的意思及用法。

[答案与解析]C even though / if 即使；unless 如果不；as long as 只要；while 当??时候。本句话意思是 “只有我知道这些钱是安全的，我就不担心了”。

【考例】(2005湖南) The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him ____ I did.

A. as much as B. as long as

C. as soon as D. as far as

[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的意思及用法。

[答案与解析] A A项as much as (和??一样多)符合题意：“我越想他就越发现有更多的理由让我像从前一样地爱他。”

2. at present 目前；presently 副词，相当于soon，意思是“不久”；for the present 眼下，暂时 (= for the moment)。At present, he is on holiday. 目前，他在度假。 / I will finish the work presently. 我就要完成这个工作。/ He is busy writing a book for the present. 他眼下正忙于写书。

另外，be present at 到场，出席，反义词 be absent from 缺席；present 还作后置定语，意思是“到场的，在座的”；present 用作名词“礼物，赠品”。All but one were present at the meeting last night. 除了一人外，大家都出席了昨天晚上的会议。Present at the meeting were the leading members of the departments concerned. 有关部门的负责人出席了会议。

11. come up with 提出，找到(答案)；赶上

He came up with a new suggestion.他提出一项新建议。

Let's go slowly so that the others may come up with咱们慢慢走，好让其他人赶上来。

[注意]come up 意为“被提出”，主语是物。

Some practical suggestions came up at the meeting.

会上提出了一些可行性建议。

3. die out绝种，灭种 Elephants would die out soon if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wish.如果允许人们随心所欲地射杀大象，那么它们不久就会灭绝。

[拓展] die out 还可表示“熄灭；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失”。Many old customs are dying out. 许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。

[链接] die off 一个个死掉 (或枯死) / die away 渐消；平息 / die down 平息；变弱 / die for 急切想要 / die from 因??致死，死于(外因) / die of 死于(内因)

4. 含“in + 名词”构成的短语

① in fact 事实上

② in case (of) 假使，以防，万一

③ in surprise 惊讶地，惊奇地，吃惊地

④ in general 一般，大体上

⑤ in total 总共

⑥ in all 总共

⑦ in future 从今以后

⑧ in particular 尤其，特别是

⑨ in trouble 处于困境

⑩ in time 及时，总有一天

⑾ in a hurry 匆忙地

⑿ in front of 在??前面

⒀in the open air 在户外，在野外

⒁ in front 前方，正对面

⒂in the future 将来

⒃ in the end 最后

⒄ in the day 在白天

⒅ in danger 在危险中，垂危

⒆ in the wild 在自然环境中

⒇ in ruins 成为废墟，遭到严重破坏

(21) in a word 总之

[例句] No one believed it, but in fact, Mary did win the prize. 没有人相信，但的确玛丽获奖了。/ Do you think we can get there in time for the first act? 你认为我们能赶上看第一幕吗? / When he was in trouble, he always turned to me for help. 他有困难时。总是向我求助。/ In common with many people, he prefers classical music to pop. 和许多人一样，他喜欢古典音乐胜过流行音乐。/ If you keep on doing so, you will regret in time. 如果你总是这样做，总有一天你会后悔的。/ In general, her work has been good, but his essay is dreadful. 总的说来，她的作品不错，不过他 94

的文章糟透了。/ The whole meal was good but the wine in particular was excellent. 整顿饭都很好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。/ In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait. 万一他在我回来前到达，请让他等我。

【考例】(NMET 2000) I don't think I'll need any money but I will bring some ____.

A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time

[考查目标] 此题主要考查四个短语的用法。

[答案与解析]B at last 终于，最后；once again 再次；in time 及时，总有一天；in case 万一。本句话意思是“我认为我们不需要钱，但是为预防万一，我还是要带点”。

5. in case of 是介词短语，意为“在(有坏事的)情况下”， “万一发生??”。① In case of fire, phone the police.万一发生火灾，就给警察打电话。② The match will be put off in case of rain. 万一下雨，比赛就延期。

[拓展] in case单独使用时，可用作状语，也可引起从句，意为“以免，以防”。 ③ Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting. 坐出租车吧，以防开会迟到。 ④ I'll keep some of these unused in case. 这些不用的东西我要留一些，以防万一。

[注意]in case 引起的从句表示条件，所以从句中不用将来时态，但可用should，might。⑤ Take your raincoat in case it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。

[相关短语] in no case 决不(置于句首，句子用倒装) / in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 / in that case 如果那样 ⑥ In no case should you give up. 你绝不应该放弃。/ ⑦ In any case, do it better. 无论如何，要尽力而为。/ ⑧ In that case he would have telephoned the restaurant. 那样的话他本来会给餐馆打电话的。

[提示]case可表达多种意义：⑨ That isn't the case with Peter. 彼得的情况并不如此。(情况，情形) ⑩ The worst cases have been sent to hospital.情况最严重的患者已被送往医院。(患者，病人) ? The case will be tried in the court next week. 下周要审这个案子。(案情，案例)

6. in danger在危险中

[短语]in danger of有??的危险

out of danger 脱离危险

full of danger 充满危险的

a danger to society 社会的危险人物／事物

[拓展]dangerous 危险的，指给别人造成危险

The boy is seriously iIl and his life is in danger.那个男孩病得很重，生命垂危。He has been very ill. The doctor says that he is now out of danger.他一直病得很厉害，医生说他现在已脱离了危险。

7. make a difference 造成差别，有影响

make a big difference = make much difference 造成很大差别

make no / little difference 没有差别

make some / any difference 有些差别

Who will win makes no difference to me.谁将获胜对于我来说没什么两样。= It makes no difference to me who will win. / Does it make any difference whether he will come? 他来不来会有差别吗?

8. stay in touch with = keep in touch with 与??保持联系(状态) The salesman stays / keeps in touch with the office by phone. 推销员通过电话与办公室保持联系。

[短语]be in touch with 和?有联系(状态)；get in touch with 和?取得联系(动作) ；lose touch with 和?失去联系(动作)；be out of touch with 和?失去联系(状态)

9. take measures

(1) measure ① 名词“措施，办法”，take measures to do something 采取措施做某事；②名词“最度，尺寸” make clothes to one's own measure 根据某人的尺寸做衣服；名词“计量单位”。We must take necessary measures to solve these problems one by one.我们必须采取必要的措施逐个解决这些问题。/ I went to the tailor's to make a suit to my own measure last week. 上周我去裁缝店量体做一套衣服。/ A meter is a measure of length. 米是长度单位。

(2) measure 既可以用作及物动词也可以用作不及物动词，意思是“量，测量”。 My mother is measuring me for clothes. 我妈妈在给我量尺寸做衣服。/ It measures easily if spread on the table. 要是把它铺在桌子上，量起来可更容易些。

[注意]表示“采取措施做某事”还可以用do something / things to do something。We must do something to prevent SARS. 我们必须采取措施预防非典型性肺炎。/Have you done anything to deal with that problem? 你采取措施解决那个问题了吗?

10. 含介词 to 的短语

(1) according to 根据??所说

(2) adapt to 适应

(3) come to oneself 苏醒，恢复知觉

(4) devote...to 献身于??，专心于??

(5) get to 到达

(6) give birth to 生(孩子)

(7) lead to 通向，导致

(8) listen to 听

(9) make one's way to... 往??走

(10) make a contribution to 贡献给，捐赠

(11) on one's way to 在??途中

(12) owe...to...把??归功于??

(13) point to 指向??

(14) prefer...to... 喜欢??胜似??；宁愿干??而不愿干??

(15) to one's surprise 令(某人)惊讶

(16) say goodbye to 告别，告辞

(17) thanks to 由于，多亏

(18) get down to 着手

(19) belong to 属于

(20) pay attention to 注意

(21) stick to 坚持

(22) object to 反对

(23) be opposed to 反对

(24) refer to 参阅，涉及

[例句]Everyone should make a contribution to a charity collection. 每个人都应该给慈善事业捐赠。/ At first I couldn't see anything when l stepped out of the room，but my eyes adapted to the dark bit by bit. 我刚走出房间时，起初什么也看不到，但是慢慢地我的眼睛适应了漆黑的环境。/ Thanks to the arrival of the police, the murderer was caught. 由于警察的赶到凶手才被捉住。/ 97

We owe our great achievements to the correct leadership of the Party. 我们把取得的伟大成就归功于党的正确领导。/ After I graduated from university, l continued to devote myself to research. 我大学毕业后继续进行研究。/ Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness. 劳动量大且休息得很少经常导致疾病。

【考例】(2004湖北) Once a decision has been made, all of us should ____ it.

A. direct to B. stick to C. lead to D. refer to

[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的用法。

[答案与解析]B direct to 指引，指导；stick to 坚持；lead to 通向，导致；refer to 提到，谈到，参考。本句话意思是“一旦做出决定，就应该坚持”。

【考例】(2005浙江) The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ____ his notes.

A. bringing up B. referring to

C. looking for D. trying on

[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的意思及用法。

[答案与解析]B refer to 意为“参照，提到”；bring up意为“抚养，养育”；look for 意为“寻找”；try on 意为“试穿”。题意“主席在商务会议上做了将近一小时的发言没有看稿。”

[牛刀小试2]

句子改错，每句仅一处错误。

1. In generally, most teenagers now listen to rock music. However, Jonah prefers classical music.

2. I suppose Robert is fit the job in case he can put his mind to it.

3. Eat too much fat can lead to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.

4. He has devoted his whole life to benefit mankind.

5. Tom's interests include basketball, bowling, and surfing the Web as good as studying his favorable subjects.

☆词语比较☆

1. spend, cost, take, pay, pay for

(1) spend的主语必须是“人”，宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等，其后用on+名词或用in(可省略) + 动名词形式，不接不定式。He spends much money on books. 他平时将很多钱用在买书上。/ He spent a lot of money (in) buying a new car. 他花很多钱买一辆新车。

(2) cost的主语必须是“物”或“事”，表示“费用”、“耗费”，后接life，money，health，time等，侧重于“花费”的代价。The book cost him one dollar. 这本书用了他一美元。/ Making experiments like this costs much time and labor. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。

[注意]cost后不能与具体的时间长度连用，只能与表示抽象概念的时间短语连用。如：some time, much time, ten years of hard work 等。可说It cost him ten years of work. 不可说It cost him ten years to work.

(3) take 表示“花费”时，其主语一般是“一件事”，有时主语也可以是人，它说明事情完成“花费了??”。 It took me ten minutes to go to the post office.到邮局用去了我十分钟时间。/ The producer took two years to make the film. 制片商用了两年时间拍这部新影片。

[说明] take...to do sth. 句型侧重完成该动作花费的时间，而spend...doing sth. 有时并不说明动作的完成。It took him an hour to read the book.他用一小时读完了这本书。/ He spent an hour (in) reading the book.他用了一小时读这本书。(是否读完并未说明)

(4) pay 的基本意思是“支付”，作为及物动词，宾语可以是“人”、“钱”。He paid the taxi and hurried to the station. 他付了出租车的钱，急忙向车站赶去。We'll pay you in a few days. 几天后我们会给你钱。

(5) pay for的宾语为“物”、“事”，for 表示支付的原因。 You'll have to pay me ten dollars a week for your meals.你得每周付给我十美元饭钱。

[注意]

(1)下面两句中pay for的意义不同。Of course we have to pay for what we buy.当然我们买东西得付钱。Don't worry about money. I'll pay for you. 别担心钱，我会替你付的。

(2) pay the bill 付账；pay taxes 纳税；pay wages 发工资

以上pay后不能加for

2. agree with, agree to, agree on

(1) ① agree with 的意思是“同意”，“赞成”。后面常接表示人或意见(看法)的名词或代词作宾语。Does she agree with us? 她同意我们的意见吗?

② agree with 还有“与??一致”，“(气候、食物等)适合”的意思。His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。Too much meat doesn't agree with her.吃太多肉食对她身体不合适。

[注意]agree with不能用于被动语态。

(2) agree to 意为“同意”，“赞成”，后面跟表示“提议”，“办法”，“计划”，“安排”等的名词或代词。Please agree to this arrangement.请同意这个安排。

(3) agree on 表示“对??取得一致意见”，指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或是达成了某种协议。After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire. 经过讨论，双方就停火问题达成了协议。

11. The chairman thought ____ necessary to invite

Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. (2005 全国)

A. that B. it

C. this D. him

【解析】选B it作形式宾语，代替不定式。依赖、依靠、由于、因为”等意思。它引导的短语，可以表达正面意思(近于原意“感谢”)，也可用于讽刺口吻中(近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”。)它引导的短语在句中用作状语时，大多放在句首，但也可以置于句末。

Thanks to your help, passed the test.幸亏有你的帮助，我测验及格了。(正面意思)

4. power, strength, force

这三个名词都有“力”的意思，但使用范围不完全相同。power“力”，含义最广，指政治力量或能力；

strength 指某人或某物所具有的内在力量，可指体力、力气；force 也可指物质或精神力量。多指为做成某事而使用的力量，也可指武力。

Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。

The boy gathered his strength to get up.那个男孩聚集力量站了起来。

It took him great force to lift the big stone.举起那块大石头花费他很大的力气。

5. real, true

(1) real表示“真的”、“真实的”，“名符其实的”，指的是事实上(客观上)存在而不是想像的。

Is this real gold? 这是真金吗?

I'm learning to skate on real ice. 我在真正的冰上学滑冰。

(2) true意为“真的、真正的”，表示的是和事实及实际情况相符合。

100

It is quite true. 这是真实的。

He is true to his name. 他名不虚传。

[注意] ① true 还可作“忠实的”解。试比较：true friend (comrade，friendship) 忠实的朋友(同志，友谊)

real friend (comrade，friendship)真正的朋友(同志，友谊)

② 在词组come true (实现) 和 be true 中，不能用real来代替true。

6. such?as?，such as，such?that?

(1) such...as...作“像??那样的”，“如??之类的”解。such后面可跟可数名词，也可跟不可数名词。名词前还可加其它形容词修饰。as是关系代词，引导定语从句，as常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如：

I want t0 buy such books as are about science and technology. 我想买科技方面的书。(as在从句中作主语。)

Don't read such books as you can't understand. 不要读你看不懂的书。(as在从句中作宾语。)

Such books as this are too difficult to beginners. 这样的书对于初学者来说是太难r。(as引导一个省略的从句“as this(is)”，as在从句中作表语)

(2)such as 是短语连词，意为“诸如”，“例如”，引出的是such前面的词的同位语。如：

John likes to make furniture，such as chairs and tables.约翰喜欢做家具，如桌子和椅子之类。

(3) such?that?作“如此??以致??”解。that是连词，引导结果状语从句。

The teacher asked such a difficult question that no one could answer it. (结果状语从句)老师问了一个如此难的问题以致没人能够回答。

[比较]

The teacher asked such a difficult question as no one could answer. (定语从句)老师问了一个没人能够答得上来的难题。(as在从句中作宾语)

☆句型诠释☆

1. Where do you think the music comes from? 你觉得这种音乐来自何处?

101

(1)此句子是由一个一般疑问句和一个特殊疑问句混合而成，故称为混合疑问句。常用于这种结构的动词有think, believe, guess, suggest, suppose,hope, say, imagine等，此类句型常用来征询对方对某事的看法、判断、意见、认识、猜测等，或者请求埘方重述一遍。

What do you think Inade Mary so upset? 你认为是什么使玛丽如此不安?

Who do you suppose would believe that story? 你认为谁会相信那个故事?

How high do you,say this mountain is? 你说这山有多高?

[注意]此句型中一类的插入语还可以放在句尾，有时还可以插入句中，用逗号隔开，在用法上基本相同。

When do you think he will be back from abroad? (=When will he be back from abroad， do you think?)你认为他什么时候会从国外回来?

Which way, do you imagine, he went?你能想出他走哪条路了吗?

(2) 这种混合疑问句以know, tell, ask, hear等作谓语动词时，其后带一般疑问句的结构，以及答语不同，后者可以用Yes...，No...来回答，而前者则不行。

高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析

Unit11-12

☆重点句型☆

1. What do you think the music comes from?

do you think 作插入语

2. You want to find a good sang to dance to.不定式作后置定语

3. If only they could find a way to get to the room.If only 的用法

102

4. He was just about to say something when Peter turned around. when 的用法

5. What do you have in mind? 表示“心里想着某事”

6. The next time you look for a tape, don't just look for Chinese or American music. 名词引导时间状语从句

7. It looked as if the creature had moved. as if 的用法

☆重点词汇☆

1. traditional adj. 传统的

2. instrument n. 工具，器械

3. perform vt. / vi. 表演，执行

4. characteristic n. 特点

5. contain vt. 包含

6. intelligence n. 智力

7. spread vt. / vi. 传播，伸展

8. variety n. 多样性，种类

9. universal adj.通用的，世界的

10. record vt. / vi. / n. 记录，录音，唱片

11. satisfy vt. 满足

12. desire n. / vt. 心愿，期望

13. emotion n. 情感

14. musician n. 音乐家

15. express vt. 表达

16. literature n. 文学，文艺

17. comedy n. 喜剧

103

18. power n. 能力，力量

19. habit n. 习惯

20. whisper v. / vt./ vi. 耳语，低声说

21. treat v. / n. 对待，请客

22. entertain v. 使人快乐

☆重点短语☆

1. have much in common 有很多共同之处

2. turn...into... 把??变成

3. a series of 一连串的，一系列的

4. in trouble 在困境中

5. turn around 转过身

6. believe in 信任，信仰

7. come across 偶然遇到

8. take turns 轮流

9. on the other hand 在另一方面

10. make a decision做决定

11. make fun of 取笑

12. think well of 高度评价

13. be similar to与??相似

14. compare...with...把??和??比较

15. make suggestions 提出建议

16. the latest style 最新的式样

17. make money 赚钱

104

18. dance to 和着??的节奏跳舞

19. be satisfied with 对??感到满意

20. pick up 捡起，接收

21. make a record 制作唱片

22. play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人

☆短语闯关☆

1. ____ common 共同(的)；共有(的)

2. turn...____ 把??变成

3. a ____ of 一连串的；一系列；一套

4. ____ trouble 处于困境中；有麻烦

5. come ____ 偶然遇见，碰上

6. believe ____ 信任；信仰；支持，赞成

7. turn ____ 转过身；转过来

8. ____ a decision 作决定

9. ____ easy 感到舒心

10. ____ instruments 演奏乐器

11. ____ one's inner desire 满足内心的欲望

12. ____ an arts festival 举办艺术节

13. ____ the same goals 有共同的目标

14. get ____ 到达；做完；通过；度过；打通

15. ____ sb badly 虐待某人

16. ____... with / to 和??作比较

105

17. ____ magic tricks 看魔术

18. have... ____ mind想到；想着

19. dance ____ music / a song / a tune 按音乐／歌曲／曲调的节拍跳舞

20. a world ____ 无数??，大量??，许多??

☆交际用语☆

1. Why not have another try?

2. What/How about going out for a swim this Sunday afte- rnoon?

3. In my opinion, you should [ had better wait another ten minute.

4. Maybe it would be better to ...

5. That's a good idea.

6. I'd love to, but ...

7. What can you suggest?

8. Nothing can stop me from ...

9. Well, that's settled.

10. Personally, I believe ...

☆词汇短语☆

【考点2】common 的用法

▲ 搭配：

① the commons 普通人．老百姓

② out of (the) common 不寻常的，特殊的

③ have nothing in common (with) (与??)没有共同之处

【考例2】[2004辽宁] In the early days of the American．

West, gun fights were not ____ for the water resources, and laws... 106

A. unlawful B. unacceptable

C. unpopular D. uncommon

[考查目标]本题考查 common 等派生词的用法和词义。

[答案与解析]D uncommon 的意思是“不寻常的，不常

见的”’而 unlawful 的意思是“不违法的”；unacceptable

“不接受的”；unpopular “不受欢迎的”“不普遍的”。

15. compare v. 比较，比作

[拓展] comparison n. 比较

[词组] compare...with 把??和??相比较

Compare this with that, and you'll see which is better.把这个同那个比较一下，你就会知道哪一个更好了。

[链接]compare...to...把??比作??

Life is often compared to a stage.人生经常被比作舞台。

He compared young people to the rising sun.他把年轻人比作正在升起的太阳。

compared to / with...(与??相比)用于句首或句未作状语

Compared to / with many others, you're really a lucky dog.与许多其他的人相比，你确实足个幸运儿。

【考点9】contain 的用法

▲ 构词：container n. 容器(箱、盆、罐、壶、桶、坛子)，集装箱

▲ 搭配：

① be contained between / within 含于??间，(夹)在??之间

② contain oneself 自制

▲ 辨析：contain；include；hold 都含“包含”、“容纳”的意思。

contain 着重“其中确实包含有，侧重全部”；而include强调部分内容或范围。例如： 107

The bottle contains water. 这个瓶子里有水。

Three students went there, including my English teacher.

hold 指“能容纳”。例如：

The house holds 20 people. 这房子能住下20人。

【考例9】[2005太原模拟] They also ____ the very

worst parts of a society: violent crime, racial discrimi—

nation and poverty.

A. maintain B. obtain

C. contain D. sustain

[考查目标] 本题考查contain的意思。

[答案与解析] C contain的常见意思是“包含”。

6. desire vt. 希望得到，[U]渴望，[C]一种强烈的欲望

We all desire happiness and health.

我们都希望得到幸福和健康。

I have long desired to meet you.

我一直渴望见到你们。

The people expressed their desire that the war (should) come to an end soon.人们渴望战争早日结束。

Your parents always try their best to satisfy aIl your desires.你父母总是尽力满足你所有的愿望。

[词组] have desire for sth. 渴望得到??

sarisfy one's desires 满足某人的欲望／愿望

desire for sth. 渴望得到??

desire to do sth. 渴望做??

108

desire sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做??

【考点5】discover的用法

▲构词：

① discoverer n. 发现者

② discovery n. 发现．发明的东西

▲辨析：discover；disclose

两者比较一般的含义是“揭示出来”。

discover是通用词，在表示“发现”的时候，它的内涵是被探索或被揭示物早就客观存在。例如：

Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed,

but so far, the archaeologists have been unable to dis—cover her identity. 尽管她的年代离现在已经很久远了，但是她的确很有风姿，然而至今考古学家尚不能探明她是那尊女神。

disclose 表示把未宣布的事情“透露”出来。例如：

She disclosed that she had been married for a month.她透露自己已经结婚一个月了。

【考例5】[2004北京] I continued playing football at

school and ____ my love for it I joined a private

team coached by my school coach.

A. reconsidered B. rediscovered

C. reformed D. replaced

[考查目标] 本题考查discover派生词的意思。

[答案与解析] B rediscover的意思是“重现，再现”。

【考点7】offer的用法

▲ 搭配：

① offer sb. sth / sth. to sb 向某人提供／提出??

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②offer (sb) some money for sth (向某人)出价??购买??

③ offer to do sth 主动提出干某事

▲辨析：offer，present这两个动词比较一般的含义为“给”。

offer在现代英语中大致有三层意思：

(1) 把某物拿出来给对方，对方可能接受，也可能拒绝。

(2) 提出某事让对方考虑。

(3) 给某人某物，基本上相当于give的含义。例如：

He offered a few ideas to improve the plan. 他提出了一

些改进这个计划的意见。

present可以表示正式的呈递，在其他的用法中，与of—fer下面的第三个含义相似。例如：

The servant presented sandwiches to each guest. 仆人把三明治递给了每一位客人。

【考例7】[2004湖南] They've ____ us ￡150，000

for the house. Shall we take it?

A. provided B. supplied

C. shown D. offered

[考查目标] 本题考查offer与其近义词之间的区别。

[答案与解析] D offer为“(善意的)提供”，从句意可以看出这一点。

【考点8】perform的用法

▲ 构词：performance n. 履行，执行，成绩．性能，表演，演奏

▲ 搭配：

① put on / give a perform 表演

② perform one's duties 尽责任

【考例8】[2005广西模拟] The operations are ____

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with different tools.

A. preferred B. performed

C. provided D. practiced

[考查目标] 本题考查perform的词义。

[答案与解析]B perform 除了有“表演”的意思以外，还有“操作”等别的意思。

1. perform vt. / vi. 演出，表演，演奏，执行

performance n. 表演

give / put on a performance 演出；上演(节目)

He also performed a part in a play.他也在剧中扮演了一个角色。

The five-year-old girl performed perfectly on the piano.那个五岁的小女孩熟练地演奏钢琴。

One should always perform what he promises.说了就应当兑现。

Which doctor performed the operation?这个手术是哪位医生做的?

【考点4】pick的用法

▲构词：pick-pocket n. 扒手

▲搭配：

① pick and steal 小偷小摸

② pick out 挑出，拣出；辨别出，区别出；弄明白，领

会 (文章等的意义)

③ pick up 拾起；(车、船)在途中搭人、带货；(未经正式

介绍)结识朋友；(偶然、无意地)获得、得到、学会

(语言、技术等)；恢复健康；(从收音机里)收听到，

(用雷达等)看到，听到。探测到

④ pick oneself up (跌倒后)再爬起来；振作精神

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⑤ pick up (health) 恢复健康

⑥ pick up speed 加速

⑦ pick up with sb 结识，与??交朋友

▲辨析：choose；select；pick

这组动词都有“挑选”的意思。

choose 强调在“选择”某物时的意愿，特别是当供挑选物只有两个时，我们应当用choose。例如：

He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and

is fully aware of the consequences. 他故意地选择了他所过的生活．并且深知其后果。

有好几个东西供选择时，最好用select。因为有较多的被挑选物或挑选人就必须加以鉴别。例如：

They will hardly know which facts to select from the

great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates. 大量的史料不断聚积．他们难以判断从中选择哪些史实。

But, of the vertebrates, unpredictable Nature selected only snakes (and one lizard).

但是，在脊椎动物中，神秘莫测的大自然只选择了蛇(和一种蜥蜴)。

pick 在用作“挑选”时，不强凋鉴别，也不强调意愿。例如：

On the village green，where you pick up sides and no

feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise. 在一块乡村草坪上．你为双方挑选队员．并不涉及地方感情问题，只有这样才可能单纯为娱乐和锻炼而赛球。

【考例4】[NMET 1992] ____ the kettle (水壶) of

boiling water, she moved quietly towards the door.

A. Putting down B. Laying aside

C. Picking up D. Taking away

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[考查目标] 本题考查pick up的意思。

[答案与解析] C pick up的常见意思是“捡起，拿起”。

8. power [U]权力，功率，动力

powerful adj. 强大的，有力的

powerless adj. 无能的

[词组] come into power 掌权

in power 掌权

beyond / out of power 不能胜任的

power plant / station 发电厂

Which Party is in power? 现在哪个党执政?

The power of the governments has increased greatly over the past century.近一个世纪以来，政府的权力大大增强了。

He turned on the power and the machine worked.他打开电源，机器就工作了。

10. record [C] 记录，唱片 vt. / vi. 记录下来，记载，录制

He still holds / keeps the record of the high jump.他仍然保持着跳高记录。

His records are popular with young students.他的唱片很受青年学生的欢迎。

Her diary records all the happenings of the day.她的日记记载着当天发生的所有事情。

The programme was recorded.那个节目被录了下来。

[词组] make records 制作唱片

write a record of 记载下

break a record 打破一项记录

set a new record 创新记录

keep a record of 记录着

5. satisfy vt. 使人满意，满足

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satisfied adj. 满意的

satisfactory / satisfying adj.令人满意的

satisfaction n. 满意

【词组】be satisfied with 对??满意

be satisfied to do sth. 满意做某事

a satisfied smile / look 满意的微笑／神色

a satisfying ending / result / meal 令人满意的结局／结果／饭菜

We must satisfy (= meet) the people's needs /demand.我们必须满足人民的需要。

All this information was not enough to satisfy them.

所有这些情况都没能使他们满意。

From his satisfied look I know he is satisfied to work here.从他满意的神情可以看出，他很满意在这里工作。Working with her was our most satisfying activity.和她一起工作是最使我们感到满意的活动。

【考点3】satisfy的用法

▲ 构词：

① satisfaction n. 满意，满足；令人满意的事物；补偿／报复 (的机会)

② satisfactory adj. 令人满意的 (to)，圆满的，良好的

③ satisfying adj. 令人满足的。令人满意的

④ satisfied adj. 感到满意的

▲ 搭配：

① satisfy sb with sth 使??对??感到满意；使??满足于??

② be satisfied with 对??感到满意

③ satisfy sb that—clause / of sth 使??对??感到信服；使相信

④ feel satisfaction at / in对??感到满意

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⑤ receive / get satisfaction from 对?感到满意

⑥ to sb's satisfaction = to the satisfaction of sb 令某人满意／确信

⑦ with satisfaction 满意地

【考例3】[2000京皖春招] Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does ____ hisboss.

A. serves B. satisfies

C. promises D. supports

[考查目标] 动词satisfy的词义。

[答案与解析] B satisfy 的意思是“令人满意”。本句比较复杂，nothing 是 satisfy 的主语，he does 是定语从句。

4. similar adj. 相似的

similarly adv. 相类地，similarity 类似

be similar to sb. / sth. in... 在??与某人／某物相似

We have similar tastes in music.我们在音乐方面爱好相似。

Gold is similar in colour to brass.金与黄铜的颜色相似。

Your views on education are similar to mine.你的教育观点和我的相似。

【考点6】sound的用法

▲ 构词：soundless adj. 无声的

▲ 搭配：

① in / within (the) sound of 在能听见??的地方

② sound in mind and limb 身体健全的

【考例6】[2005 宜昌模拟] It caughl him right on the ground without a ____.

A. word B. voice C. noise D. sound

[考查目标] 本题考查 sound 和其近义词的区别。

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[答案与解析] D sound为普通的“声音”，noise为“噪音”，voice一般用来指“人的声音”。

【考点10】spread的用法

▲搭配：

① spread out 张开，伸开，铺开，扩大／张，展开，伸长

② spread A on / over B = spread B with A 把 A 铺／敷于B上

【考例10】After a short time, the bad news had ____all over the city and everybody knew it.

A. scattered B. spread

C. covered D. announced

[考查目标] 本题考查动词 spread 的词义。

[答案与解析] B spread 的词义是“蔓延；传播开采”，既是及物动词又是不及物动词。它的过去分词和过去式的变化是spread。

【考点1】suggest 的用法

▲ 构词：suggestion n. [C] 提议，意见，暗示，微量

▲ 搭配：

① suggest sth to sb 向某人提议／建议某事

② suggest (to sb) that-clause

友情提示：此句型中，suggest作第1种意思时常用虚拟语气，作第2种意思时用陈述语气。

③ suggest doing sth 提议 / 建议做某事

④ make / offer a suggestion 提议，建议

【考例1】[NMET 1 994] Jane's pale face suggested that

she ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she____ a medical examination．

A. be; should have B. was; have

C. should be; had D. was; has

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[考查目标] suggest的宾语从句特点。

[答案与解析] B suggest表示“建议”时，从句用虚拟语气；suggest表示“暗示，表明”时，从句用陈述语气。

12．treat[trit]

(1)及物动词“对待，看待，处理，视为”。treat

somebody badly 虐待某人；treat somebody / something

as... 把某人／某物看作是??。

She treats me aS her closest friend.她把我看作是她的最亲密的朋友。

(2)及物动词“治疗”。

The doctor treated his fever with pills.医生用药片治疗他的发烧。

(3)不及物动词“款待。”

treat sb. to dinner 请某人吃饭

Whose turn is it to treat next time?下次该谁请客?

(4)名词“款待，请客，乐事”。

This is my treat. 这次我请客。

It's a treat to meet you. 见到你真高兴。

[拓展] treatment n. 治疗

3. variety [vo'raioti] n. 多样(性)，种类，变化

He left for a variety of reasons.他由于种种原因而离开了。

We should give variety to the programme. 我们要把节目办得丰富多彩。

[拓展]various adj. 各种各样的；vary v. 改变，变化

[牛刀小试1]

用所给单词的适当形式填空：

(spread, satisfy, contain, common, suggest, perform,pick, offer, sound)

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1. His face ____ he was badly ill, but his uncle suggested we not send him to the hospital.

2. Our chemistry teacher ____ the experiment while we sat in front of her.

3. We should ask the children to eat more vegetables which ____ a lot of vitamins

4. We realized that all of the sheep were lost in the for-est, according to our ____ knowledge.

5. With the news ____, all the peasants left their hometown for the beach.

6. The young man was fired because everything he did in the company couldn't ____ his boss.

7. What the professor said ____ reasonable.

8. They were too tired, so they waited on the side of the road, waiting for someone to ____ them up.

9. We waited for a long time and then were ____ some coffee.

【短语归类】

【考点l】come构成的短语

① come up with 找到，提出(答案、解决办法)

② come across 碰上，偶然碰上，被理解，发现

③ come along 进展，进步，一道来

④ come down 下来，降低，下降，着陆

⑤ come true 实现

⑥ come over 过来，顺便来访

⑦ come in 进来

⑧ come to oneself 苏醒，恢复知觉

⑨ come on 来吧，跟着来，赶快

⑩ come out 出来，出版，发(芽)，开花

⑩ come about 发生

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⑧ come back 回来．流行

⑩ come to 共计，达到，达成，恢复知觉，苏醒

⑩ come round 来，过访

⑩ come through 经历 (困难等)

[例句] She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. 她想出了增加销售量的新主意。

It came out that he'd been telling a pack of lies. 后来才知道他一直在说谎。

Why don't come over t0 Beidaihe for a holiday in sum—mer? 你怎么不在夏天到北戴河来度假呢?

The price of petrol is coming down thanks to the in—

crease of production. 由于产量的增加，石油的价格在下跌。

He spoke for a long time but his meaning didn't come across. 他讲了很长时间，但他的意思没有人真正理解。

The crocuses came out late this year because of the cold weather. 因为天气寒冷，今年藏红花开得晚。

It suddenly came to her that she had been wrong all along. 她突然想到她一开始就错了。

【考例l】(1996上海) We are all going to the games.

Why don't you come ____?

A. up B. across

C. along D. to

[考查目标] 此题主要考查come构成的短语的用法。

[答案与解析] C come up 升起，被讨论，出现；comeacross 被理解，被传达，碰见，偶然遇到；come along 进展，进步，一道来；come to 共计，达到，达成。本句话意思是“我们要去参加比赛，你为什么不一道去?”

13. come across

(1) come across作“碰到”，“(偶然)发现或遇见”解。

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In the course of the experiment, they canle across somenew problems.在实验过程中他们碰到一些新问题。

(2) come across 有时可作“穿过”、“越过??而来”解释。

The Eighth Route Army easily came across the enemy lines.八路军轻易地越过了敌人的防线。

[联想]表示“(偶然)遇见”还可用以下形式表达：

run across meet with happen to meet

run into meet?by chance to meet

2. in common 公用，共有；共同

These two houses have a COUrt in common.这两家合用一个院子。

Hip-hot and rap have much in common with blues and rock.希荷普和说唱(音乐)与布鲁斯和摇滚(音乐)有许多共同之处。

In common with everyone else I hold that he is right.同大家一样，我也认为他是对的。

14. in trouble意为“处于困境中，有麻烦”。介词in表示“处于??状态中”。如：

A person with good manners never laughs at people when they are in trouble. 一个有礼貌的人绝不会嘲笑身处困境的人们。

He was in trouble with the customs.他在海关那儿遇到了麻烦。

[联想]be a great trouble to 对??来说很麻烦

ask for trouble 自找麻烦

have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事困难

get into trouble 陷入困境

there be trouble (in) doing sth. (同上)

make trouble 制造麻烦

take trouble to do sth. 费心做某事

save / spare trouble 省事，避免麻烦

put sb. to the trouble of doing 麻烦某人做某事

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put sb. to trouble 给某人添麻烦

4. If only they could find a way to get to the room,behind the wall.要是他们能找到办法到达墙后面的房间，那就好了。

if only虽然是从属连词，但它引导的从句却能单独成句，且能表达完整的意思：要是??该多好 --种不能实现或难以实现的愿望。它相当于wish，但语气更强。句后用句号或感叹号皆可。

① 表示已过去了的不能实现的愿望，常含有后悔、惋惜之意。谓语动词应使用had done形式。

If only I had taken his advice!要是我听从了他的建议就好了!

② 表达现在不可实现的愿望，谓语动词用一般过去时。

If only I could swim!我要是会游泳该多好!

③ 表达将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词用would /

could + 动词原形或一般过去时。

If only she would help me!要是她能帮我就好了。

[注意] if only 除以上用法外，它还相当于if，引导条件状语从句。

④ If only he gets the job, it will make a great deal of difference.要是他能得到这份工作，情况就大不一样了。

[辨析] if only与only if

if only 多用于虚拟语气；only if 多用于陈述语气，

only 修饰 if，表示惟一的条件。

5. He was just about to say something when Peter turned around.

他正要说些什么，这时皮特转过身来。

be about to do sth. 正要做某事，表示该动作马上就要进行，不能与时间状语连用。

[误] He was about to leave in five minutes.

[正] He would leave in five minutes.他5分钟后离开。

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when 在此表示“正在这时 / 那时，突然”(具体用法详见Chapter 1“词汇短语”)

6. It looked as if the creature had moved. 塑像好像动了。

as if / though 仿佛，好像(引导表语／方式状语从句，

表示与事实相反的情况时用虚拟语气)

(1) 引导表语状语从句

It looks as if it is going to rain.

看来好像要下雨了。(真的要下雨了。)

(2) 引导方式状语从句

He talks as if he were / was an expert.他说话的样子好像是个专家似的。(事实上他不是专家。)

(3) As if / though 引导的从句中若用虚拟语气，其谓语动词分别是：

表示与现在事实相反：did / were (口语中单数也用was)

when a pencil is partly in water, it looks as if it were /was broken.表示与过去事实相反：had done

He is talking as though he had been to Beijing many times.

表示与将来事实相反：could / would do

He acts as if he would fly to the moon tomorrow.

☆精典题例☆

1. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ____. (2000北京)

A. the other is white B. another white

C. the other white D. another is white

【解析】选C 不能选A。white在句子中做主语的补语。"The other sides should be painted white." 这是完整的句子。

2. There are five pairs____, but I'm at a loss which to buy.

A. to be chosen B. to choose from

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C. to choose D. for choosing

【解析】选B choose from"从??中挑选”。

3. Look at the trouble I'm in! If only I ____ your advice. (2003 上海)

A. followed B. would follow

C. had followed D. should follow

【解析】选C If only I had followed your advice. 要是以前听你的建议就好了。虚拟语气，表过去的情况。

4.-- How do you ____ we go to Beijing for our holidays?

-- I think we'd better fly there. It's much more comfortable. (2004 福建)

A. insist B. want

C．suppose D．suggest

【解析】选D 这也是个混合疑问句。根据宾语从句中的谓语go可确定应填写"suggest"。

5。 They started off late and got to the airport with minutes to ____.(2005湖北)

A. spare B. catch

C. leave D. make

【解析】选A不定式作后置定语，跟所修饰的名词有动宾关系。本题只有spare才能与minutes构成动宾关系。

6. Allow children the space to voice their opinions,____ they are different from your own. (2005湖南)

A. until B. even if

C. unless D. as though

【解析】选B even if即使；as though = as if仿佛，好像。

7. ____ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. (2004北京)

A. With B. Besides

C. As for D. Because of

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【解析】选A “with + 宾语 + 宾补”常表示原因或理由。句意为：由于对两次考试担心，这个周末我不得不非常刻苦地学习。because of也表示原因，但后面不能带宾补。

8. Quite a few people used to believe that disaster ____if a mirror was broken. (2002上海)

A. was sure of striking

B. was sure of having struck

C. was sureto be struck

D. was sure to strike

【解析】选D be sure to do 表示说话人认为一定会发生某事。

9. This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder

if you can ____ my father. (2005湖北)

A. find out B. pick out

C. look out D. speak out

【解析】选B pick out分辨出。

10. What he has done is far from ____. (2000 上海)

A. Satisfactory B. satisfied

C. satisfaction D. satisfy

【解析】选A far from“远远不是”，后常跟形容词短语。far from (being) satisfactory 意为“离满意还差得远”。类似的说法还有：far from perfect / pleasant / happy /finished。

高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析

Unit13-14

☆重点句型☆

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1. Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life.

2. Only in this way will we be ready for the challenges and

opportunities in life.

3. Each time we celebrate a festival it change a little.

4. It is not a sad day, but rather a time to celebrate the

cycle of life.

5. Not all of them are bad for us.

6. Some food does have nutrients.

7. There seems to be no other choice.

☆重点词汇☆

1．examine vt. 检查

2. energy n. 精力，能量

3. fuel n. 燃料，营养物

4. diet n. 日常饮食

5. product n. 产品

6. mineral n. 矿物

7. function n. & vi. 功能，作用，起作用

8. chemical n. & adj. 化学制品，化学的

9. balance vt. & vi. 平衡

10. supplement n. 补充

11. fit adj. 健康的，适合的 v.适合

12. digest vt. 消化，领会

13. gain vt. 增加，获得

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14. sleepy adj. 困乏的

15. tasty adj. 可口的

16. symbol n. 象征

17. conflict n. 冲突

18．argument 7j．争论

19. honour n. & vt. 荣誉，给以荣誉

20. ancestor n. 祖先，祖宗

21. respect vt. 尊敬

22. celebration n. 庆祝

23. light vt. 点燃，照亮

24. faith n. 信任，忠实

25. creativity n. 创造力

26. purpose n. 目的，意图

27. principle n. 法则，原则

28. commercial adj. 商业的，贸易的

29. similar adj. 相似的

30. advise vt. 建议，劝告

☆重点短语☆

1. make a choice 做出选择

2. now and then 有时，偶尔

3. dross up 盛装，打扮

4. in one's opinion 按照??的看法

5．play a trick on sb．开某人的玩笑

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6. take in 欺骗，摄取

7. in the future 未来

8. lose weight 减肥

9. keep up with 与??保持一致

10. be good for 对??有好处

11. be based on 以??为基础

12. be careful with 小心，警惕

13. look into the eyes 坦然地正视某人

14. care about 关心

15. lead / live an unhealthy life 过着不健康的生活

16. be rich in 丰富

17. combine...with... 结合

18. a new cycle of life 轮回转世

19. in other words 换句话说

20. be short of 短缺

短语闯关

下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过炎，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?

1. ____ food 垃圾食品

2. ____ to 应当，应该

3. plenty ____ 许多，大量的

4. keep ____ with 跟上；赶上

5. ____ a choice 作出选择

6. now ____ then 时而，不时；偶尔

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7. roll ____ (使)成卷(或筒、球)形

8. dress ____ 盛装；(乔装)打扮；装饰

9. ____ one's opinion按照??的看法

10. ____ a trick on sb. 开某人玩笑；欺骗某人；捉弄某人

11. take ____ 欺骗；摄取

12. (be) short ____ 缺乏??

13. ____ fit 保持健康

14. lose (some) ____ 减肥

15. be harmful ____ 对??有害

16. be careful ____ 小心，警惕，当心

17. in ____ words换句话说

18. make ____ with与??交朋友

19. care ____ 关心

2O. get ____ 下车

21. go ____ 适用于；应用于

22. ____ purpose故意地

23. as ____ as和一一样好；也

24. ask (...) ____ (向某人)要求得到某物

25. be prepared ____ 为??做准备

☆交际用语☆

1. I've got a pain here. This place hurts.

2. There is something wrong with ...

3. I don't feel well.

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4. Lie down and let me examine you.

5. Drink plenty of water and get some rest.

6. In my opinion, we should ...

7. I hope we can make a decision.

8. I don' t think it is necessary to ...

☆词汇短语☆

1. balance vt. / vi. / n. 平衡；使平稳

balanced adj. 平衡的；均衡的

I found it hard to keep my balance on the icy path. 我发现在结冰的路上行走很难保持平衡。

When you learn to ride a bike you must learn to balance.

你学骑自行车时必须学会保持平衡。

[词组]lose / keep one's balance 失去／保持平衡

be in the balance 悬而未决；犹豫

on balance 考虑周全

strike a balance 力求公平

balanced diet 均衡的饮食

2. fit v. 适合 adj. 健康的，适合的

This dress doesn't fit me. 这衣服不适合我。

Your theory fits all the facts. 你的理论与全部事实相符合。

It would be months before he was fit for the job. 他要几个月才能适应这项工作。

You look very fit, Mike.迈克，你看上去很健康。

[词组] keep fit 保持健康

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Martha goes to keep fit classes and does exercises every morning.玛莎每天早上去健身班上课做体操。

3. light vt. / vi. 点燃；照亮；发出喜悦的亮光

light adj. 轻的

light n. 光线；灯

lighted adj. 点燃了的

He lighted his cigarette，said good night and went out.他点燃烟，说声晚安就出去了。

One large lamp lit the room.一只大电灯照亮了整个房子。

[词组] light up 点燃；照亮；变得高兴起来

bring / come to light 为人所知

shed / throw light on 使明白，解释 (to make clear；

explain)

4. advise vt. 劝告；建议；忠告

advice [U] 劝告；

adviser n. 顾问；劝告者

advise sth. 建议某事/ sb. (not) to do sth. (劝告某人) / doing sth. 建议做某事 / sb. + 疑问词 + 不定式

建议某人怎么样 / (sb.)that + 主语 + (should) do sth. 建议某人应做某事

He advised an early start./ me to start early．/ starting early．/ (me) that I (should) start early.

Could you advise me what to do next?

5. dress vt./ vi. / n.

(1) vt. A. 给??穿衣服。表穿的动作，用于dress sb. / oneself 结构

She hurriedly dressed her son and took him to the kindergarten.她匆匆忙忙地给她儿子穿好衣服，然后带他到幼儿园。

B. 用过去分词作表语，表示穿着的状况。

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The man is poorly dressed．那人衣衫褴褛。

C. be / get dressed in 表示穿着??的衣服，后面接表示衣服或者颜色的词。

The two foreign students were both dressed in Chinese style clothes.那两个外国学生都穿着中式衣服。

(2) vi. A. 穿衣；穿(夜)礼服，后面常接副词或表示目的、场合的介词短语。

I'll be ready in a moment; I'm dressing.我一会儿就准备好；我正在穿衣服。

Few people dress for dinner now.现在很少有人穿礼服赴宴了。

They all dressed well (badly).他们都穿得不错(不好)。

B. dress up 穿上盛装，乔装打扮(指欧美人在化装舞会或演戏时穿的特殊服装)。

Don't bother to dress up. Come as you are.用不着讲究穿衣服，就穿平常的衣服来吧。

(3) n. 女服；礼服；服装dress 作“女服”、“礼服”解时是可数名词，作“服装”讲时，是不可数名词。

At the palace ball, all the women wore their smartest dresses.

☆词语比较☆

1. pain, ache, hurt三词都可表示“疼痛”，但pain常作名词，有时也作动词，可指一般的疼痛。ache常作动词，指局部较持久的疼痛，是隐痛，作名词常出现在复合词中。hurt只作动词，常指精神、感情伤害，也指肉体上疼痛。

I have pains (a pain / pain) in the arm. 我手臂痛。

His head aches when the weather is hot.天气一热，他就头痛。

I was hurt at his words.我对他的话感到不快。

Does your leg still hurt?你的腿还疼吗?

2. a bit, a little

(1) a bit 和 a little 在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副

词及其比较级，可以换用，表示“一点儿”。如：

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The speaker spoke up a bit / a little so as to make himself heard more clearly.演讲者把嗓音提高一点，以便使别人听得清楚。

(2) a bit 和 a little 在否定句中，意思正好相反。

not a bit = not at all

not a little = very much / extremely

I'm not a bit tired. = I'm not tired at all.我一点也不累。

I'm not a little tired. = I'm very tired.我非常累。

(3) a little 可直接作名词的定语，而 a bit 则要在后面加 of 构成短语才能作定语，二者都只能修饰不可数名词。

There's only a little / a bit of food left for lunch.午餐只剩一点儿食品了。

[注意] a bit of 的复数是 bits of，而a little不能变复数。

3. in a / one word, in other words, in words

(1) in a / one word意思是“简言之，总之”。一般作插入语，通常位于句首，用逗号与句子隔开。

In a word, we must learn English well.总之，我们必须学好英语。

(2) in other words 意思是“换句话说”“换言之”，常位于句首，对前面所说的话进行解释。

You failed the exam this time．In other words, you didn't pass the exam this time.

你这次没有通过考试。换句话说，你这次考试没及格。

(3) in words 意思是“用语言，口头上”，也可以写为 with words，通常位于句末。

I do not want you simply to promise me with / in words that you will be good.

我并不要求你们只在口头上答应我你们要做好学生。

I can't describe it in / with words.我无法用语言来描述。

4. allow, permit, let, promise

(1) allow 和 permit 都表示“允许某人做某事”，后面跟名词、动名词作宾语，跟不定式作宾补。但allow多表示“听任，不阻止或默许”，即主语对别人所做的事情置之不管，表示一 132

种“消极”的概念。而permit多表示一种“积极”的概念，含有“给予某人某种权利”的意思，多用于正式场合。

We don't allow smoking here.我们这里不允许吸烟。

Who allowed you to do that?谁允许你做这件事?

Permit me to say a few words.请允许我说几句话。

Smoking is not permitted here.此地不准吸烟。

(2) let 表示“让”，多用于口语，“允许”的意味较淡，后跟不定式作宾补时省略to。

Who let the man enter the room? 谁让那人进来的?

(3) promise “答应某人做某事”

I promise you to leave.我答应你(我)走。

[比较] I allow you to leave. 我允许你走。

☆句型诠释☆

1. Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life.

我们的饮食习惯已经发生了变化，生活方式也是一样。在此句型中 as 相当于 so，表示前一种情况也同样适合于后一种。从结构上讲so不是代用词，而是在意义上相当于 too 和 also 的副词，但常常出现在肯定句中。

He is a student, so is she.

"I have made up my mind." "So have I."如果是否定的形式，常用 nor 和 neither.

"I don't like opera." "Neither / Nor do I."在这两种结构中，前后时态保持一致。

[比较] so l do 和 so do I (用于对上文进一步肯定或确认。意为indeed, certainly)

You asked me to leave, and so I did.你要求我离开，我这样做了。

You asked him to leave, and so did I.你要他离开，我也要他离开。

-- You have spilled coffee on your dress.你把咖啡洒在你的衣服上了。

-- Oh dear, so I have.啊呀，我把咖啡洒在我衣服上了。

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You have spilled coffee on the table, and so have I.你把咖啡洒在桌子上了，我也把咖啡洒在桌子上了。

[注意] so it is/ was with...句型的用法。

如果一句话中既有肯定的意思又有否定的意思，且时态混杂时，我们常用so it is / was with sb.

Mr. Smith came to China five years ago and he is used to living in China now. So it is with his wife.史密斯先生五年前来到中国，他现在习惯了中国的生活，他妻子也是一样。

2. Only in this way will we be ready for the challengesanti opportunities in life.只有用这种方法我们才能准备迎接生活中的机遇和挑战。

“Only + 状语 + 谓语 + 主语 + 谓语的另一部分 + 其他”是一个典型的倒装句形式。其中的状语可以是副词，介词词组和状语从句。这种倒装句属于部分倒装，只将情态动词、助动词和系动词放在主语的前面，谓语动词的其他部分放在主语之后。

Only by studying hard can you improve your study.只有通过努力学习才会提高你的成绩．．

Only when you are 18 can you have the right to vote.只有你到了18岁才有选举权。

[注意] Only teachers can use this computer. 不是倒装句，在此句中only修饰的是名词。

3. Each time we celebrate a festival, it changes a little. 每一次我们庆祝一个节日，我们都会改进一一点。

Each time 引导一个时间状语从句。

Each time / Every time / The first time / The last time / The moment / The minute + 从句 + 主句这是名词词组引时间状语从句的常用句型。

Each time / Every time I meet him, he always carries a book. 我每次见他，他总是随身拿着一小书。

The last time I saw the boy, he was reading by the riverside.

我最后一次看到那个男孩时，他正在河边读书。

The moment / The minute you see him, please tell him the exciting news. 你一见到他，请告诉他这个激动人心的消息。

4. It is not a sad day, but rather a time to celebrate the cycle of life.

它不是一个伤心的口子，而是一个庆祝生命循环的时刻。

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not?but 意为“不是??而是”，即否定前者，肯定后者，not 所连接的成分和 but 所连接的成分要对等，即名词对名词，动词对动词，介词短语对介词短语。

You should pay attention not to what they say but to what they do. 你不应该注意他们说什么，而应该注意他们做什么。

当not...but连接两个主语时，其谓语动词的数要求与第二个主语保持一致，也就是就近原则。

Not you but I anl to blame.不是你而是我要受责备。

5. Not all of these are bad for us.并非所有这一些对我们都不好。

该句子是部分否定形式。

当all, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及every + 名词都表示全部肯定；no one, none,nobody, nothing, not...any，以及no + 名词都表示全部否定。但当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not在它们之前或之后，都表示部分否定。

Both of them haven't read this story.

= Only one of them has read this story.

并非他们俩都看过这个故事。

All bamboo doesn't grow tall.

= Not all bamboo grows tall.

= Some bamboo grows tall, but some doesn't.

并非所有的竹子都长得高。

[注意] ① any所修饰的名词或由 any 构成的复合小定代训作主语时，谓语动词不能用否定形式。也就是说，我们只能说not...any，但不能说any?not。

如：

Anything can't stop him going there. ×

Nothing can stop him going there. √

任何事都不能阻止他上那儿。

② 总括性副词，如 everywhere，always，altogether (全然地)，wholly和not连用时，也表示部分否定。例：

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Such a thing can't be found everywhere. 这种事并非到处可见。

Such a thing can be found nowhere. 这种事什么地方也见不到。

6. There seems to be no other choice. 似乎没有其它的选择。

在 There be 的句型中，可用其他的动词。如：

There used to be曾经有... / happen to be 碰巧有??

There seem / appera to be 似乎有??

There happened to be a traffic jam, so I was twenty minutes late this morning.

今天早晨碰巧有一起交通堵塞，因而我迟到了20分钟。

There seems to be raining, for there is black cloud in the sky．天似乎要下雨了，因为天上有乌云。

☆ 精典题例 ☆

1. -- ____ David and Vicky ____ married?

-- For about three year. (2003北京)

A. How long were; being

B. How long have; got

C. How long have; been

D. How long did; get

【解析】选C 本题考查1. 延续性动词的用法。2. 动

词短语 be married，get married 的区别。根据回答"For about three years." 可知应提问两人结婚(到现在)已多久了，须用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；再排除B项，get married当作非延续性动词使用，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，不能用How long来提问。Be married 表示延续的状态。

2. It is believed that if a book is ____, it will surely ____ the reader. (2003 上海)

A. interested; interest

B. interesting; interested

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C. interested; be interesting

D. interesting; interest

【解析】选D 本题考查动词interest及它的非谓语

动词的不同意义，首先interest可做动词用，表示“让人产生兴趣”，其次interesting为adj.，表示“令人感兴趣的”，而interested也为adj.，表示“某人感到有意思，对??发生了兴趣”。根据题意，故选D。

3. -- When shall we start?

-- Let's ____, it 8:30. Is that all right? (2002北京)

A. set B. meet

C. make D. take

【解析】选C 本题考查固定词组“make it”。意思为“实现目标．成功”。本题意为“确定时间在8点半”。

4. All the people ____ at the party were his supporters. (2002 北京)

A. present B. thankful

C. interested D. important

【解析】选A 本题考查形容词短语present at the party作定语，题中的present是形容词，表示“出席的、到场的”意思时，作定语常常后置。

5. ____ you call me to say you're not coming,

I'll see you at the theatre. (2004 全国)

A. Though B. Whether

C. Until D. Unless

【解析】选D 此题考查连词的非谓语形式的用法。根据上下文的意思及逻辑关系，可知答案为D (Unless = If not)。

6. Let's keep to the point or we ____ any decisions. (2004 全国)

A. will never reach B. have never reached

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C. never reach D. never reached

【解析】选A句型“祈使句 + and / or + 陈述句”中，陈述句部分的时态用一般将来时。

7. I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and hright. (2004 全国)

A. this B. that

C. it D. one

【解析】选C it指代天气。

8. -- You forgot your purse when you went out.

-- Good heavens ____. (2002 上海)

A. so did I B. so I did

C. I did so D. I so did

【解析】选B 本题主要考查选项A和选项B的区别：选项A表示“也一样”，而选项B表示“赞同”，所以根据题意应选so I did

9. Mrs Black doesn't believe her son is able to design a digital camera, ____? (2002 上海)

A. is he B. isn't he

C. doesn't she D. does she

【解析】选D 本题要考查的是考生能否找出句中的主语是谁：Mrs Black doesn't believe这是主句的主语和谓语。而her son is...是宾语从句，所以反意疑问句应根据主句的主语和谓语来提出。故答案为D。若这种句型的主句主语为第一人称，反意疑问句应根据从句的主语和谓语来提出。如：I think / believe / suppose / guess / wonder则：

I think we are out of danger, aren't we?

10.Some passengers complain that it usually ____ so long to fill in travel insurance documents.(2003 上海)

A. costs B. takes

C. spends D. spares

【解析】选B cost常用物来做主语。表示“花费”或“代价”，"spend" 和 "spare" 的主语，通常都为人，分别为“花费”和“匀出”之意，而 take 做花费解时，主语通常都为it，故选B。

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高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析

Unit15-16

☆重点句型☆

1. There is no doubt that ...

2. It is dangerous or bad for your health.

3. I would rather not tell you.

4. Pierre and I did have a good time at the ball.

5. It was worth five hundred francs at most.

6. The money would be better spent building more roads or railways in other parts of China.

7. Fasten a key to the end of the long string.

☆重点词汇☆

1. recognize / recognise v. 认出；识别

2. surely adv. 确实

3. franc n. 法郎

4. lovely adj. 好看的；可爱的

5. debt n. 债务；欠款

6. besides prep. 除??之外；adv．此外

7. outline n. 轮廓；要点

8. alien adj. 外国的；n. 外星人

9. earn v. 赚得；挣得

10. prove v. 证明

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11. quality n. 质量；品质

12. tear v. 撕扯

13. advantage n. 优点；优势

14. disadvantage n. 不利；弊端

15. charge v. 使充电；控告；攻击

16. successful adj. 成功的；胜利的

17. experiment n. 实验；试验

18. continue v. 继续

19. attend v. 出席

20. shock v. 打击；震动

21. doubt n. 怀疑

22. comfort n. 舒适；安慰

23. positive adj. 肯定的；积极的

24. economy n. 经济

25. unnecessary adj. 不必要的

26. sharp adj. 锐利的；锋利的

27. foot n. 英尺，足feet(复数)

28. electrical adj. 电的

29. precious adj. 贵重的；宝贵的

30. cruel adj. 残酷的

☆重点短语☆

1. bring back 拿回来；使恢复

2. come up with 想出或提出(答案、办法)

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3. pay off 还清；付清

4. test on 在??(身上)做实验

5. take up 从事于；占据(时间或空间)

6. protect...from... 保护；免受

7. make use of 利用

8. pay for sth 付??钱；受到惩罚

9. break the laws 犯法

10. make a list of 列出

11. in my opinion 依我之见

12. pick out 辨别出；挑出

13. stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

14. a great deal of 大量的；很多的

15. protect...from... 保护??免受??

16. play a role 扮演角色

17. pull...from 从??拉／拖

18. fall asleep 入睡

19. get killed 丧命；被杀

20. a waste of 浪费??

☆交际用语☆

1. It can't be tree.

2. I would rather not tell you.

3. Does that matter?

4. It is good for the economy.

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5. It can help many people in the future.

6. It is clean and does not pollute the air.

7. It is important for science.

8. It brings people comfort.

9. It is too expensive.

10. It is dangerous or had for your health.

☆单词聚焦☆

4. attend vt. 出席，参加；照顾；注意

attendance n. 出席

attendant n. 服务员

They attended our affairs during our absence.

他们在我们不在时管理我们的事务。

So many people attended the meeting.

很多人出席了这次会议。

The old lady has a good nurse attending her.

这位老太太有一位好护士照顾她。

He attended my every word in class.

上课时他倾听我的每一句话。

【考点6】attract的用法

▲构词：

①attraction n. 吸引，吸引力，吸引人的事物

②attractive adj. 吸引人的，有魅力的

③attractively adv. 动人地，迷人地

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▲ 搭配：attract sb's attention 引起?注意

【考例6】[2004全国IV] Finally, I was ____ by his

lively sense of humor.

A. disturbed B. moved

C. attracted D. defeated

[考查目标]本题考查attract的词义。

[答案与解析]C 句意是“我被他的幽默感所吸引”。

3. besides prep. 除??之外(还有) adv．此外

besides 具有附加性质，用于否定句中可以与except,

but换用。

Besides English, he knows three other languages.

除了英语之外，他还懂三种语言。

Nobody knows it besides / except / but me.

除了我以外，准也不知道那件事。

5. chargev. 充电；索价；攻击；控诉

Does your car battery charge easily?

你的车电池充电容易吗?

How much do you charge for your old car?

你的旧车要价多少?

Suddenly the tiger charged at me.

突然老虎向我冲过来。

John was charged with murder.

约翰被控犯谋杀罪。

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高一英语知识点汇总

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