高考英语考点解析 名词

一 名词单复数

1.不可数名词----物质名词、抽象名词通常是不可数，做主语时谓语要用单数。例如：success, water…

2.可数名词有单复数形式，单数做主语，谓语用单数；复数做主语谓语用复数。

名词复数规则

完成下列变复数练习并总结名词复数规则：。

desk, brush_____, zero______ potato_______ leaf______ family______, city____ box_______ class_______ watch_______ stomach_______, thief_______, knife_____ roof_____ piano______ hero_______ Chinese________, tooth________，radio_____ mouse________, child_______, cup______, toy_______ phenomenon_________ policewoman_________ woman teacher__________ means_______ deer__________ passer-by______ grown-up__________

规则总结：

1 ______________________

2.___________________________

4．_____________________________,

5．____________________________________

6．

注意：

7. 表示由两部分构成的东西如：glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 等做主语时，谓语用_____数。, 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 这些词前面是 a pair of 时， 谓语用_____数。

8. 单复同形 如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese, means等这些词做主语时，谓语动词的数应该 根据___________________________来决定。

改错：

1) My glasses broke yesterday. I had it repaired.

2) This pair of trousers fit you very well.

3) All the sheep likes eating grass.

4) Every means have been tried.

二 名词所有格

名词所有格一般是在名词后面加上"'s"，表示"某某人的……"，称为所属关系。

名词所有格有"'s"，"of"和"双重所有格"几种形式：

关于 "'s"结构

名词所有格多用于表示有生命的名词的所属关系，此时要用"'s"表示。但其构成和用法又分为以下六种情形：

1.一般情况下，是在单数名词的词尾直接加"'s"。例如：

_______________吉姆的足球 _________________凯特的猫

2.以-s结尾的复数名词，只能在词尾加'。比如：

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老师们的椅子___________ 学生们的书__________________

3.不以-s结尾的不规则复数名词，还得在词尾加's'.

______________儿童节 ______________男鞋

______________女士服装

4.若表示两人各自所有的两个东西，则应在两个名词后面都加上's'，且后接复数名词；若表示两人共同所有的一个东西，则只能在后面那个名词后面加上's'，且后接单数名词。请比较：

Tom's and Mike's room s汤姆和迈克的房间(两人各有一间，共两间，不是共同拥有) Tom and Mike's room汤姆和迈克的房间(两人共同拥有的一间房间)

5.一些表示日期、时间、距离、国家名称的无生命名词，也可加's'构成所有格。请看： ___________________一个月的时间 ______________今天的报纸

___________________北京的春天 ___________________二十分钟的发言

6.如果's'后的名词是商店、住宅等地点时，后面的名词常常要省略。比如：

____________在诊所，在医务室

_____________到我叔叔家

"of"短语

表示无生命的所属关系时，要用介词"of"所构成的短语来表示。

_______________闹钟的指针

__________________一幅中国地图

"变身"须知：一般来说，"'s"结构都可以变成"of"短语，请看：

the boy's new bike＝the new bike of the boy那位男孩的新自行车

the twins' bedroom＝the bedroom of the twins双胞胎的卧室

the door of the room＝the room's door房间的门

但是，并非所有的"of"短语都可以变成"'s"结构。对于无生命的名词所有格最好还是用"of"短语。

比如："教室里的画"要说a picture of a classroom，而不能说a classroom's picture。

三 双重所有格

"双重所有格"形式，就是既含有"'s"结构，又含有"of"短语，组合成了"of＋'s"结构。"双重所有格"主要有两种用法：一种表示"部分"，另一种表示"感情色彩"。

练习：

______________________我父亲的一位老朋友

___________________________你哥哥的英语书

___________________________你姐姐的这个可爱的儿子

注意："双重所有格"和只用"of"的所有格在意义上是不同的。试比较：

a photo of my mother's我母亲的一幅照片(照片是我母亲的，照片上的人却不一定是我母亲)

a photo of my mother我母亲的照片(照片上的人就是我母亲)

练习：填空

Yesterday afternoon I met a friend of __1___(I). He has a brother, ___2__ is a soldier. He often showed me a picture of his__3_______(brother). He told me that _4______(he) brother was strict _5____ himself. Whenever this friend tells of his brother, he always takes 6______(proud) in his 7_____(brother) everything. Last week he took an _8_____________(8小时车程) to see his brother.

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四 名词的搭配

名词跟动词，介词常搭配，构成固定短语。

_____ a conclusion ______ sb a favor ______ the balance of ____ memory of _____ sth in use ______ a decision

____ access to ______ notes of _____ advance

____ advantage of _____ a trick on sb _____ attention to

_____sb company ______ one’s heart into _______the sake of

做鬼脸____________ 握手_____________ 产生差别,起作用_______ 生下，孕育____________ 不遗余力做某事__________________ 与...取得练习_____________ 采取措施做某事__________________ 给…腾出地方_____________ 满足某人要求____________________ 名词相关练习：

一 翻译短语。

1.安的帽子___________________________________

2.露茜和莉莉合用的卧室_______________________

3.妇女节_____________________________________

4.女孩子们的图画5.书桌的腿__________________

6.一幅四川地图_______________________________

7.我哥哥的一位好朋友8.他妹妹的照片__________

9.我的猫的名字_______________________________

10.杰克和约翰的钢笔__________________________ 二 .找出不可数名词，在横线上打勾，并将可数名词变成复数形式： homework ______half ______advice______money ______

knowledge ______foot _____blood ______music ______

tomato ________policeman_____mouth ______bread _______

information ______milk _____cow _______tear ________

city_______boy_______news________mouse__________

单句改错

（1） Women live longer than men in most country.

（2） The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time.

（3） It‘s said that all the ticket have been sold out.

（4） The children spend a lot of times watching TV.

（5） I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday.

（6） The flower in the park were all pleasing.

（7） As the day went by， she became less anxious.

（8） Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country.

（9） It‘s one of the most interesting book that I’ve ever read.

（10） He made his first time visit to China when he was 18.

（11） Hearing the news， the woman burst into tear.

（12） He hasn‘t lived here long， but he has a great many friend here.

（13） It was a great fun to swim in the lake in such hot weather.

（14） He‘s getting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures.

（15） There‘s a paper’s factory near our school.

(16) What a good news he brought us!

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(17) Madame Curie is regarded as success because she discovered Radium.

(18) He had to learn to use his foot as his hands,

(!9) I don’t like eating potato.

(20). Physics are very difficult for me to learn.

词形变化填空练习：

1. Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ______.（patient）

2. If each of us do something every day, we can make a big ________(different).

3. A good teacher should be __________(tolerant) of his or her students.

4. The manager showed his ____________(satisfy) with our work.

5. Smoking does great _______(harmful) to health.

6. His great __________(achieve) is to make his team a united one.

7. We have received a lot of _________(express) of support for our plan.

8. All of us long for __________(succeed), but it never comes easily.

9. Before the interview, you should make good ___________(prepare) for it.

10. His car had to undergo extensive________(repair) after the accident.

11. You can do it well under the ________(guide) of your teacher.

12. Don’t be afraid of ________(fail), because it’s the mother of success.

13. I have enough _________(confident) in winning the match. Let’s wait,

14. I have some _____________(difficult) in understanding your behavior.

15. I have tried all the _______(means) that you told me.

16. The teacher asked us to sweep all the _______(leaf) on the ground.

17. We’re developing new __________(product) these days.

18. That was the best ________(choose) for you.

19. This is your own _________(decide). I don’t care.

20. One of the best _____________(impression) is that he likes reading.

短文改错：

Dear Bill,

I was very glad receive your letter on July 13th. Thank you for your congragulation. I was

very excited when I heard that Beijing won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games. Immediate,

I called Weifang and Lihong to my house . After the brief discussion, we decided to put up a

wall’s newspaper for our class. When we hurried to our classroom and began to work.

Weifang wrote a poem, Lihong copied some news on the newspapers. I draw the Olympic

flag. The next Monday, Our classmates were both surprised and overjoying when they saw

the wall newspaper. I hoped you can come to China to watch the Olympic Games in 2008,

then I'll be very happy to be your guide. Sincerely yours

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