初中英语知识点总结：定语从句

知识点总结

要学定语从句，得知道什么是定语。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。例如，a good book, good就是定语。那么复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，相当于形容词，在句中作定语。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等，绝对没有what；关系副词有where, when, why,how等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的某个成分。

一、关系代词引导的定语从句

1、由who, whom, that，Whose引导的从句

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who作主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语。

(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

(3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师

(4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。

2、由which, that引导的从句

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可以省略，例如：

(1) Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在从句中作主语）

(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语）

注意： 代表物时多用which，但在下列情况中用that而不用which：

a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时；

b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时，这时的that常被省略；

c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时；

d)先行词中既有人又有物时；

e)整个句中前面已有which，who,that时；

f)当先行词为物并作表语时；

g)先行词为one时；

h)先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时；

二、关系副词引导的定语从句

1、when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

2、where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语 Shanghai is the city where I was born.

3、why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语 ，用在reason 后面。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

常见考法

对于定语从句的考查，多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下，常从关系词的意义和功能的角度考查，重点是that,which,who引导的定语从句。

典型例题：You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.

A. who B. whom C. whom D. who

解析：先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略. 答案：D

误区提醒

当表示时间或地点的名词作先行词时，要判断出它们在从句中作状语还是主语或宾语。作状语时用关系副词，反之用关系代词。

典型例题：I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.

A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when

解析：. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.

答案：A

 

第二篇：阳江-初中英语知识点---定语从句

阳江-初中英语知识点

第十二章-----定语从句

㈠. 课标考点解析

1. 定语从句要求掌握

A. 定语从句最基本的概念和相关术语。

B. 掌握定语从句中的引导词（关系代词和关系副词）的用法

C. 掌握关系代词的特定用法---只能用that引导的情形。

D. 掌握关系代词的特定用法---只能用who引导的情形。

2. 中考命题方向

A. 试题的热点：定语从句对于中学生来讲是一大难点。从最近几年的中考试题来看，对于定语从句，主要是考查学生对于关系代词和关系副词的正确填写方面。其次，就是考查定语从句中的几个特定的用法，这也是今后考查定语从句的一种趋势。

B. 试题的特点：相较于其他的从句，对于定语从句的考查相对于来说较少.一般为1--2分左右.题型多为填空题, 单项选择题, 完形填空题和作文题中.

3. 考试策略点拨

A. 对于句子结构的考查几乎是历年的常考题,每年都会考查一到两题. 对于定语从句的先行词,关系代词,关系副词的考查也是考试的重点.

B. 根据上下文的语境来理解情景交际中理解复合句的用法.

C. 注意定语从句中的几种特殊的用法.

（二）中考定语从句知识演练

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A. Rose likes music__________ is quiet and gentle. when B. that C. where He is the most boring speaker __________I have ever met. that B. whose C. which All __________ is needed is a supply of oil. the thing B. that D. who D. as C. what D. which Have you read the book __________ I gave you yesterday. that B. when C. where D. who Last summer I went to Luxun’s hometown and visited the house __________he was born. that B. there C. which D. where

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6. We are talking about the piano and the pianist __________were in the concert we attended

last night.

A. which B. whom C. that D. who

7. Can you lend me the novel __________ the other day?

A. that you talked C. which you talked with

B. you talked about it D. you talked about

8. Look! That is the girl __________ Jack made friends last year.

A. with whom B. that C. who D. with who

9. Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed

A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn

10. The radio set __________ has gone wrong.

A. I bought I t last week C. Which I bought it last week

B. I bought last week D. What I bought last week.

（三）考点解析和习题检测

A．关系代词

Who→在从句中充当主语。先行词是人。

Whom→在从句中充当宾语。先行词是人。

which→在从句中充当主语，宾语。先行词是物

that →在从句中充当主语和宾语。先行词是人和物。

whose→在从句中充当定语。先行词是人和物。

Eg: This is the person who studies in No.1 Middle school.

The building which/that we built yesterday is so beautiful.

B. 关系副词

Where →在从句中充当地点状语。先行词是地点。

When →在从句中充当时间状语。先行词是时间。

Why →在从句中充当原因状语。先行词是the reason。

Eg: I will never forget the day when we played together.

The house where you lived is so small.

1. 只能用that 的情况。

A. 先行词被any, only, little, much, many, every等修饰或这些词本身就是先行词时。Eg: Every student that we saw yesterday is so funny.

B. 先行词为everything, nothing, anything, none, the one 等

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Eg: There is nothing that I can do for you.

C. 先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时。

Eg: You are the first person that I am looking for.

D. 先行词有两个,且一个是人，一个是物。

Eg: They talked about the person and things that my friends mentioned just now.

E. 先行词前有the only, the very, the last 等修饰时。

Eg: He is the very man that I met.

F. 当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，且先行词是人时。

Eg: Who is the girl that is sitting over there.

2．只能用who的情况

A．先行词为one, ones, anyone时

Eg: Anyone who break the rule will be punished severely.

B. 先行词是those时，

Eg: Those who come here will take off the shoes.

C. 关系代词who, that, which在定语从句的特点

1). 在从句中，做主语时，不可以省略掉。

Eg: The women who spoke at the meeting last month is my mother.

2). Who, whom, which, that 在从句中做宾语，可以省略掉。

Eg: These are the shoes that I lost .

典型例题

1.The desk____________was broken yesterday has been repaired.

A. who B. that C. where D. why

解析：B。本题考查的定语从句的关系代词的运用。前面的先行词是the desk。表示物。常用于which. Where, why 是关系副词，that既可指人也可以指物

2. We saw Sam last night with the old man ____________ works in the library.

A. whom B. which C. whose D. who

解析：D。本题考查的是定语从句中关系代词的用法。从从句中可以看出，定语从句中缺少主语，而前面的先行词是the old man, 故用who,。Which用于物，whose 作定语。

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3. That is the cinema ____________ we found for the first time.

A. which

解析：A。 本题主要是考查定语从句中关系代词的用法。从从句中可以看出，定语从句中缺少宾语，而前面的先行词是the cinema，故用which。 When, where, why 在句中作状语。

4. The girl ____________ you talked about yesterday was our monitor.

解析： whom. 本题主要是考查定语从句中关系代词的用法。从句中缺少宾语，而先行词为the girl. 故用whom.

5. Those ____________ want to attend this meeting will sign up their name here

解析：who。 本题考查的是定语从句中关系代词的用法。从句中缺少宾语，先行词是those，此时只能填入who.

6. This is the biggest factory ____________ they have seen.

解析：that. 本题考查的主要是定语从句中关系代词的用法 。从句中缺少宾语，先行词是factory. 而又由形容词性最高级来进行修饰。

习题操练

Part one: 句子翻译

1. 我们图书馆买的每本书都是好的。

___________________________________________________________________________

2. 他们种的第一棵树枯死了。

___________________________________________________________________________

3. 那就是我上周不见的鞋子。

___________________________________________________________________________

4. 你认识同咱们老师谈话的那位学生吗？

___________________________________________________________________________

5. 这是一本昨天买书。

___________________________________________________________________________

6. 我刚才遇到的那位姑娘将要离开美国。

___________________________________________________________________________

7. 书法写得不错的那位学生英语学得好。

___________________________________________________________________________

8. 昨天给我打电话的那位是我的兄弟。

___________________________________________________________________________ B. when C. where D. why

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Part two: 将下列的句子连成定语从句

1. The book was written by Luxun. I bought it yesterday.

___________________________________________________________________________

2. A man will come. I know him.

___________________________________________________________________________

3. The student is my friend. He has finished his work.

___________________________________________________________________________

4. The first book is a dictionary. They bought it last week.

___________________________________________________________________________

5. The man and his dog are standing by the tree. I always meet them in this street.

___________________________________________________________________________

6. Who is the student? He studies in the next class.

___________________________________________________________________________

7. The boy is my classmate. She is talking with our English teacher.

__________________________________________________________________________

8. I will never forget the man. I met him at my friend’s house.

___________________________________________________________________________

Part three: 用适当的词语进行填空

1. She is the doctor ____________ cured me yesterday.

2. They built a house, ____________is so beautiful.

3. The best novel ____________ I bought was full of adventures.

4. Everything ____________I have is only a house.

5. I don’t know the man ____________is cleaning the door.

6. I have got a friend ____________ brother is a doctor.

7. The keys ____________ were on this table are mine.

8. These are good programmes ____________help us understand many fields of study.

9. The bridge ____________is made in China looks very magnificent.

10. He is the man ____________ taught us English.

4. 关系副词when , where, why 的用法

1). 当先行词为时间时，且在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，用that/which来引导。但做状语时，用when 来引导。相当于介词+which

Eg: I still remember the day when I joined the Party.

2). 当先行词为地方时，且在定语从句中做主语或宾语时，用that/which来引导。但做状语时，用where 来引导。相当于介词+which

Eg: This is the house where we lived together.

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3). 当先行词为原因（reason）时，且在定语从句中做主语或宾语时，用that/which来引导。但做状语时，用why来引导。相当于介词for+ which。

Eg: The reason why he didn’t come here is that he hasn’t finished his homework.

典型例题

1. Last summer I went to LuXun’s hometown and visited the house ____________ he was born.

A. that B. there C. which D. where

解析：D。本题考查定语从句中关系副词的用法。定语从句中缺少状语，而前面的先行词是the house。 可用where.

2. I don’t know the reason ____________ he looks unhappy today.

解析：why。本题考查定语从句中关系副词的用法。定语从句中缺少状语，而前面的先行词是the reason. 可用why.

3. I still remember the day ____________ I first came to the school.

A. that B. when C. which D. whose.

解析：when。考查定语从句中关系副词的用法。定语从句中缺少状语，前面的先行词是the day. 表时间，可用when.

习题操练

Part one: 句子翻译

1.他曾经在那儿学习的学校很有名。

___________________________________________________________________________

2.我们乘坐的飞往加拿大的飞机很舒服。

___________________________________________________________________________

3.在我们班里一共有40个学生。其中大多数来自大城市。

___________________________________________________________________________

4. 最终我们相聚的时刻来到了.

___________________________________________________________________________

5.我十年前住的房子已经被拆了。

___________________________________________________________________________

6. 请告诉我你错过飞机的原因。

___________________________________________________________________________

7. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。

___________________________________________________________________________

8. 格林先生住在一座红屋顶的房子里。

___________________________________________________________________________

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Part two: 用适当的词语进行填空

1.The man with ____________ you talked is my friend.

2.He has a friend ____________ father is a teacher.

3.Shanghai is the city ____________I was born.

4.Disney is an amusement park ____________you can find all the normal attractions and Disney movies and characters.

5.I don’t know the reason ____________ you don’t come here.

6.I will go back to the village ____________ we worked ten years ago.

7.This is the reason ____________ he was late for the party.

8.Is there a time ____________ we can talk about it.

9. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.

10.April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.

11. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.

12. The house _____we live in is very old.

13. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now？

（四）中考备考演练

Part one: 根据汉语意思完成下列句子

1.He is the m an _______________________. (在书房工作的)

2.Where is the book _______________________. (我昨天买的)

3.I know the girl _______________________.(那个名叫Lucy的)

4.The bus _______________________(到医院的那路车)is No.33.

5.The man _______________________(我们看到的那个人)was Kate’s Uncle.

6.She will never forget the day _______________________.(我们在农村呆过的)

7.I felt my schoolbag in the restaurant _______________________..(我们吃午饭的地方)

8.The reason _______________________（我为什么不写信给你）was that I didn’t know your address.

Part two: 句子翻译

1. 会上发言的人来自香港。

___________________________________________________________________________

2. 丧失家园的人数多达250000人。

___________________________________________________________________________

3. 和她正在交谈的男士是她朋友的朋友。

___________________________________________________________________________

4. 我最喜欢的运动员是Carl Lewis.

___________________________________________________________________________

5. 正在建设中的这栋建筑被用作医院。

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___________________________________________________________________________

6. 在报纸上看到过的那位女运动员刚刚获得了一枚金牌。

___________________________________________________________________________

7. 西红柿是一种对于健康有益的蔬菜。

___________________________________________________________________________

8. 我要读鲁迅所有的作品。

___________________________________________________________________________

Part three: 连接句子

1. Have you written down everything? Mr Green said it.

___________________________________________________________________________

2. There is little. I can do little for you.

___________________________________________________________________________

3. This is the second book. I have read it.

___________________________________________________________________________

4. He is the most intelligent man. I have ever met him.

___________________________________________________________________________

5. We are talking about the people and things. We have visited them in the countryside. ___________________________________________________________________________

6. Betty went to the museum and saw many pictures. They were drawn by a famous person. ___________________________________________________________________________

7. Anyone can go home first. They cleans the classroom.

___________________________________________________________________________

8. The police caught the man. He stole my handbag.

___________________________________________________________________________

Part four: 单项选择题

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.

A. Which B. where C. what D. in which

2.Do you know the man _______?

A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke

3.This is the hotel _______last month.

A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed

C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed

4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?

A. which B. that C. when D. on which

5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.

A. which B. on which C. in which D. when

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6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.

A. where B. to which C. which D. in which

7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.

A. where B. that C. which D. there

8.This is one of the best films _______.

A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown

C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked

9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?

A. about which you talked B. which you talked

C. about that you talked D. that you talked

10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.

A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which

11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.

A. whom B. who C. which D. that

12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.

A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom

13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?

A. who B. who's C. which D. whose

14.I'm interested in ______you have said.

A. all that B. all what C. that D. which

15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.

A. which B. who C. what D. as

16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.

A. who B. whom C. that D. as

17.He is good at English, ______we all know.

A. that B. as C. whom D. what

18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.

A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him

19.I don't like ______ as you read.

A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels

20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.

A. which B. that C. whom D. what

21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.

A. which B. that C. whom D. who

22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.

A. them B. which C. whom D. who

23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.

A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who

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24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.

A. whose title A. for which A. that

B. its title B. for that B. which

C. the title of it C. in which C. as

D. the title of that D. what D. it

D. on which; when D./ D. for which

25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world. 26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.

27.I can never forget the day ______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.

A. when; which A. which

B. which; when B. whose

C. what; that C. what C. that

28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong. 29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.

A. in which

B. with which

30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.

A. after which I have looked C. that I have looked after

part five: 该错

1.It′ll be dark by the time(A) you get to(B) the river, so I’m afraid you’ll have to(C) go back the same way that(D) you came.

2.When I first came(A) to the supermarket, I worked in(B) the department where(C) sold cooked or prepared(D) food.

3.I have read(A) the novel twice(B) which(C) you are talking about it(D).

4.I'd like to buy(A) that new model recorder but which(B) is too expensive for(C) me at present(D).

5.Marco Poio, who(A) was a great Italian traveller,travelled all the way(B) to China, where(C) was then(D) called Cathay. 阅读理解

I often dreamed about Pisa when I was a boy. I read about the famous building called the Leaning Tower of Pisa（比萨斜塔）. But when I read the word Pisa, I was thinking of pizza. I thought this tower was a place to buy pizza. It must be the best place to buy pizza in the world, I thought. Many years later finally saw the Leaning Tower. I knew then that it was Pisa and no pizza. But there was still something special about it for me. The tower got its name because it really does lean（倾斜） to one side. Some people want to try to fix it. They are afraid it may fall over and they don’t like it leans over the city.

I do not think it’s a good idea to try to fix it. The tower probably will not fall down. It is 600 years old. Why should anything happen to it now? And, if you ask me, I like what it looks like. To me it is a very human kind of leaning. Nothing is perfect, it seems to say.

B. which I have looked after D. I have looked after

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And who cares? Why do people want things to be perfect? Imperfect things may be more interesting. Let’s take the tower in Pisa. Why is it so famous? There are many other older, more beautiful towers in Italy. But Pisa tower is the most famous. People come from all over the world to see it.

46．This passage is about ________.

A. Italian pizza

B. Italy’s problems

C. How the Leaning Tower of Pisa got its name

D. Why the writer likes Pisa

47．The writer used to think Pisa ________.

A. in Spain B. not very famous

C. not the same as pizza D. the same as pizza

48．The Leaning Tower of Pisa is ________.

A. modern B. falling down C. 600 years old D. 60 years old

49．The writer ________.

A. doesn’t like what the tower looks like

B. likes what the tower looks like

C. thinks it’s the most beautiful tower in Italy

D. doesn’t like towers

50．The writer likes the Leaning Tower of Pisa because ________.

A. it’s old B. it’s perfect

C. it sells pizza D. it’s imperfect

（2）

Mr. and Mrs. Brown lived in a small town near London with their child. Sometimes Mr

Brown came back home from work very late, when his wife and the child were asleep, and then he opened the front door of this house with his key(钥匙)and came in very quiet.

But one night when he was coming home very late, he lost(丢)his key, so when he reached his house, he rang the bell. Nothing happened. He rang it again. Again nothing happened.

Nobody moved inside the house. Mr Brown knocked at(敲)the bedroom window, he spoke to his wife, he shouted, but she didn’t wake up. At last he stopped and thought for a moment. Then he began to speak like a small child. \! Mother! ”he said. \! I want to go to the toilet! ”He spoke quite quietly but at once(立刻)Mrs. Brown woke up. Then he spoke to her, and she opened the door for him.

判断正误，正确填T错误填F

51．The Browns lived in a small town near London. （ ）

52．Mr. Brown’s wife and his child went to sleep after he came back from work. （ ）

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53．One night Mr. Brown lost his key to the door, so he knocked at the front door and the bedroom window. （ ）

54．Mr. Brown said\! Mother” like a small child because he wanted his wife to wake up. （ ）

55．Mrs. Brown woke up at once when she heard the bell rang. She opened the door for her husband. （ ）

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