初二英语语法大全

初二英语语法大全

动词时态的句子结构及关键词:

一般现在时:

句子结构: 肯定句 主语+be (am, is, are ) + 其他

否定句 主语+be not +其他

疑问句 Be+主语+其他

或: 肯定句 主语+动词原型+其他 ( 第三人称单数作主语动词要加"s" )

否定句 主语+don't+动词原型+其他(第三人称单数作主语don't改为doesn't)

疑问句 DO+主语+动词原型+其他(第三人称单数作主语do改为doess)

关键词: sometimes, often, usually, always, every day, on Sunday

afternoon, at 10 o'clockin the morning, five days a week, three times a month等.

注:在时间壮语从句,条件壮语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来时,这时一般从 句用一般现在时,主句用将来时

现在进行时:

句子结构:肯定句 主语+be +动词的现在分词+其他

否定句 主语+be not+动词的现在分词+其他

疑问句 Be +主语+动词的现在分词+其他

关键词:now, right now, at the moment, It's+几点钟等的句子.或look, listen, keep quiet等提示语.

一般将来时:

句子结构: 肯定句 主语+will+动词原型+其他

否定句 主语+will not +动词原型+其他

疑问句 Will +主语+动词原型+其他

(will 可改为be going to ,当主语是第一人称时will可用shall) 关键词:tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at seven o'clock tomorrow evening, next year,

at ten o'clock next Sunday, this year, at the end of this term, from now on, in the year 2008, soon, in a few days' time, in the future 等.

一般过去时:

句子结构:肯定句 主语+be(was,were)+其他

否定句 主语+be not+其他

疑问句 Be+主语+其他

或: 肯定句 主语+动词的过去式+其他

否定句 主语+did not+动词原型+其他

疑问句 Did+主语+动词原型+其他

关键词:yesterday,yesterday morning等 ,last week, last year, at the end of last term,

一段时间+ago如:ten years ago, five hours ago, on January 1st,2004, in the

1980s等.

Just now,in the old days, long ago, a moment ago等. 过去进行时:

句子结构: 肯定句 主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他 否定句 主语+was/were not +动词的现在分词+其他

疑问句 Was/Were + 主语+ 动词的现在分词+其他

关键词:具体时间+过去的时间壮语 如:at ten o'clock yesterday morning, at

this time last Sunday等.

现在完成时:

句子结构:肯定句 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他(第三人称单数用has)

否定句 主语+have/has not+动词的过去分词+其他

疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词+其他

关键词:already, yet, just, ever, never ,so far, for +一段时间,since+过去的

时间或过去时从句.或this year alone"今年以来",these five years alone"这五年

以来",in the last ten years "在过去的十年中"等.

过去将来时:

句子结构: 肯定句 主语+ would+ 动词原型+其他

否定句 主语+ would not + 动词原型+ 其他

疑问句 Would+主语+动词原型+其他

(would可改为was/were going to ,主语第一人称时would可用should)

过去将来时主要用在宾语从句中.

过去完成时:

句子结构: 肯定句 主语+had + 动词的过去分词+其他

否定句 主语+had not +动词的过去分词+其他

疑问句 Had+主语+动词的过去分词+其他

关键词:by+过去某一时间点 如:by last year, by the end of+过去某一时间点 如:

by the end of last year, before+过去某一时间点,by the time +从句,或宾语从 句中最后,请记住:

It's not the end of the world, try to look on the bright side of thing, I'm sure it will be all right.

这不是世界末日,试着往事情好的方面看,我确认一切都会好起来. 英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。初中阶段的被动语态有五种时态,我们可以从以下方面进行小结:

一、被动语态的时态及结构(以动词do为例)

结构:主语 + be + 过去分词

时态:1. 一般现在时: am (is, are) done.

2.带情态动词的被动语态:must (can, may, should, need, would) be done

3. 一般过去时: was (were) done

* 4. 一般将来时: will (shall) be done

* 5. 现在进行时: am (is, are) being done

6. 现在完成时: have (has) been done

二、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。

1.主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 (S+V+P)

此结构不可用被动语态。

(正) The flowers smell sweet.

(误) The flowers are smelt sweet.

2.主语 + 不及物动词 (S+V)

此结构不可变被动语态。

(正) An accident happened last night.

(误) An accident was happened last night.

3.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (S + V+ O)

(1)将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语

Children often sing this song

This song is often sung by children.

(2)将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时,不可将介词或副词去掉。

We should listen to the teachers carefully.

The teachers should be listened to carefully.

4.主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (S + V+ IO+ DO)

(1).将表人的间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语不变。

He showed us a picture .

We were shown a picture.

(2).将指物的直接宾语变为主语,要在间接宾语前加介词to或for. 常用加to的动词give, show, pass, read等

常用加for的动词 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等

A picture was shown to us.

A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.

5. 主语+及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (S+ V+ O + C)

如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等,后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时,变被动语态时要加上“to” 。

I saw him fall off the tree.

He was seen to fall off the tree.

6. "be + 过去分词" 并非都是被动语态,系动词 be, feel,

seem,look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,作表语用,表示某种状态。

I'm interested in mathematics. 我对数学感兴趣。

*7. 某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。The woman's clothes sell well. 女装卖的快。This book sells best.这本书很畅销. 英语语法大全下载

1、所有格:He is Fred's best friend.(-'s)

2、动词现在时的第三人称单数:Alfredo works.(-s)

3、动词过去式:Fred worked.(-ed),但亦有不规则变化。

4、现在分词/进行时态:Fred is working.(-ing)([注]如果动词的末音节为辅音结尾的闭音节,则须双写末辅音,如running)

5、过去分词:The car was stolen.(-en);Fred has talked to the police.(-ed),但亦有不规则变化。

6、动名词:Working is good for the soul.(-ing)

7、名词的复数:Fred has two blue eyes.(-s)([注]如果动词的尾字是s,sh,x,ch,则需加-es,如dishes)

8、形容词的比较级:Fred is smarter than Rick.(-er)形容词末尾加-er,多音节在前面”加more,如"more difficult"。

9、形容词的最高级:Fred has the fastest car.(-est)形容词末尾加-est,多音节词在前面加most,如"the most difficult"。 英语的基本语序为SVO,且基本上不能任意变换语序,除了在少数诗词以外;另一方面,有时英语会使用OSV的语序。(注:S:Subject[主语];V:Verbal phrase[谓语];O:Object[宾语]) 英语中所有的词可分成十大类,每一类词在句子中都有其特定的位置和作用。这十大词类是:

一、名 词:表示人或事物的名称的词。

二、形容词:表示人或事物的特征的词。

三、副 词:修饰动词、形容词和副词的词。

四、代 词:是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。

五、数 词:表示数量和顺序的词。

六、动 词:表示动作和状态的词。

七、冠 词:与名词连用,其说明人或事物的作用。

八、介 词:通常置于名词和代词之前,表示名词和代词与其他词的关系。

九、连 词:连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的词。

十、感叹词:表示说话人感情或语气的词。

英语的时态

英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。)

英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等。

(1)一般现在时

基本形式(以do为例):

第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数);

肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他;

否定句:主语+don?t+动词原形+其他;

一般疑问句:Do+主语+动词原形+其他。

肯定回答:Yes,+ 主语+do.

否定回答:No,+主语+don't.

特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语序

(2)一般过去时

be动词+行为动词的过去式

was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn?t,同时还原行为动词 was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词

(3)一般将来时

am/are/is+going to+do

will/shall+do

am/is/are/about to + do

am/is/are to + do

一般将来时的表达方法

be going to +动词原形

be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形 be able to +不定式

be about to+动词原形

(4)过去将来时

be(was,were)going to+动词原形

be(was,were)about to+动词原形

be(was,were)to+动词原形

肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~. 否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~. 疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?

肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~.

否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~. 疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~?

(5)现在进行时

主语+be+动词ing〔现在分词〕形式

第一人称+am+doing+sth

第二人称+are+doing +sth

第三人称+is+doing+sth

(6)过去进行时

肯定句:主语+was/were+doing+其它

否定句:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它

一般疑问句及答语:Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 答语:Yes,I was./No,I wasn't.

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它

(7)将来进行时

动词be的将来时+现在分词

(8)过去将来进行时

should(would)+be+现在分词

(9)现在完成时

基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)

①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他

②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他

③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他

④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他

(10)过去完成时

基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)

①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他

②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他

③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他

肯定回答:Yes,主语+had

否定回答:No,主语+hadn't

④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)

语法判定:

( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如:

I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. ( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:

We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如:

They had planted six hundred trees before last

Wednesday.

(11)将来完成时

(shall)will+have+动词过去分词 before+将来时间或by+将来时间

before或by the time引导的现在时的从句

(12)过去将来完成时

should / would have done sth.

(13)现在完成进行时

have/has been +-ing 分词

(14)过去完成进行时

had been +-ing 分词

(15)将来完成进行时

主语+ shall/will have been doing

(16)过去将来完成进行时

should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称 would have been+现在分词用于其他人称

 

第二篇:初二英语语法大全[1]

中考重点句型

一、常使用动词不定式的短语

1、It’s time to do sth.\ It’s time for sth 该作某事的时候了.

2、can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事

3、ask /telle sb. (not ) to do sth.

要求/告诉某人(不)作某事

4、allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人作某事

5、be supposed to do sth. 应该作某事

6、Would like /want (sb.) to do sth. 想要作某事

7、have sth/nothing to do 有…时要做/与…无关

8、find it +adj. to do sth. 发觉作某事…

9、prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿作某事,而不愿作某事

10、It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.

作某事对某人来说…

11、It’s better /best to do sth. 最好做某事

12、It takes sb. sometime. to do sth.

某人做某事用了一些时间

二、常用动名词的短语

1、 enjoy /like /love doing sth. 喜欢做某事

2、 keep /keep on /carry on / go on doing sth. 继续做某事

3、feel like doing sth. 想要做某事

4、practise doing sth. 练习作某事

5、give up doing sth. 放弃作某事

6、be good at= do well in\on doing sth. 擅长作某事

7、pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事

8、what about/ how about doing sth.

….怎么样(好吗)?

9、Thank you for doing sth. 为…感谢某人

10、mind doing sth. 介意作某事

11、be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 、 被用来作某事

12、spend …(in) doing sth. 花时间作某时

13、be busy doing/ with sth. 忙于作某事

14、finish doing sth. 作完某时

15、look forward to doing. 盼望做某事

16、prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢…胜过…

17、be/get used to doing sth. 习惯作某事

18、keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth.

阻止某人作某事

三、省略动词不定式的短语

1、一看二听三使役

see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ look at /listen to sb. do sth. 看见/听见/感觉/注意某人作某事

make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事

2、help sb. (to) do sth/ with sth.帮助某人作某事

3、 had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事

4、 Why don’t you/ not do sth.为什么不作某事

5、Would /Will / Could you please (not) do sth. 请你(不)作某事好吗?

四、 同义词比较

1、 stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去作另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事

eg. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking. After he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest.

2、 forget / remember to do sth.

忘记/记得要去作某事

forget / remember doing sth.

忘记记得曾经做过某事

eg. Please remember to bring my book to school. I remember doing my homework

3、 used to do sth. 过去常常作某事

be used to do sth. 被用来作某事

be used to doing sth. 习惯于作某事

eg. My father used to smoke.

Wood is used to make paper.

I am used to getting up early.

4、So +be/助动词/情态动词 + 主语

…也一样

So +主语+be/助动词/ 情态动词

是呀,表示赞同别人的观点

Neither + be /助动词/ 情态动词+主语

…也不一样(用于否定句)

eg. He has been to Beijing. So have I.

It’s a fine day. So it is.

She doesn’t like eggs. Neither do I.

5、 too…to do sth. 太…而不能…

so +adj. /adv + that(从句) 如此…以致… such +(a/an +adj.)+n.+ that(从句)

如此…以致…

(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth.

(对某人来说)做某事(不)够

eg. The boy is too young to go to school.

The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school. The boy is not old enough to go to school.

五、常考知识点

1、keep +adj. 保持…状态

keep (sb.) doing sth.

继续做某事/使某人老是做某事

eg. Everyone should keep our classroom clean.

It’s too late, but he still keeps working.

Lily always keeps us waiting for her.

2、make+ sb. + n. 使某人成为

make + sb. + adj. 使某人…

make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

Sb. be made to sth. 某人被迫做某事

eg. We made Peter our monitor.

Books make us happy.

He often makes me laugh.

The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.

3、I don’t think that 我认为…不

eg. I don’t think you are right.

4、It’s /was/has been+ some time +since+一般过去时… 自从…以来有多久了

eg. It has been two years since we met last time.

6、 What do you mean by?=What does .. mean?=what is the meaning of...?

是什么意思?

eg. What do you mean by “computer”?=What does “computer” mean?=what is the meaning of "computer"?

7、 What do you think of…/How do you like …?

你认为…怎么样?

eg. What do you think of this film /How do you like this film?

8、 What is/was/will …be like? ..怎么样?

eg. What is the weather like?

What will the life in the future be like?

9、 It’s said/ reported that… 据说/据报道

It's well known that 众所周知

It's thought that 大家认为

eg. It’s said that the population of the word would be 6 billion in 2050.

10、one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数

…其中之一

eg. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.

11、neither…nor… 既不…也不(两者都不)

either…or…要么…要么/或者…或者/不是…就是

not only…but also… 不但…而且

以上三个词做主语时,要用就近原则

eg. Neither you nor he has been to the USA.

Either he or you go to the park.

Not only my mother but also my father is a teacher. neither of 两者都不

either of 两者选一

none of 没有一个

以上三个做主语时,谓语动词用单数

All of 全部 Both of 两者都

以上二个做主语时,谓语动词用复数

12、比较级+ than +any other +名词单数

…比其余任何一个…

比较级+ than + the other+名词复数

eg. Shanghai is bigger than any other city=shanghai is bigger than the other cities in China.

13、When(当…的时候), if (如果), as soon as(一…就), until(直到…才), unless(除非/如果…不)这几个词引导的时间或条件状语从句时,主句要用一般将来时.

从句一般现在时

eg. I will call you when he comes.

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic. As soon as I get to Beijing, I’ll come to see you. He won’t go to bed until his parents come back.

Unless you work hard, you won’t catch up with others. 希望我的答案对你有帮助