毕业设计（论文）开题报告

题    目：   某宾馆综合大楼变电所设计     

学    院：      电气与信息工程学院        

专    业：      电气工程及其自动化        

姓    名：                      

学    号：                     

指导老师：                       

《 某宾馆综合大楼变电所设计》开题报告 

 

第二篇：35KV 变电站设计--开题报告

石河子大学

毕业论文(设计)开题报告

课题名称：      35KV降压变电所电气设计            

学生姓名：            张  悦                     

学    号：          2008092633                    

学    院：         机械电气工程学院              

专业、年级：     电气工程及其自动化20##级        

指导教师：            胡春玲                   ___

职    称：            讲 师                      _

毕业论文(设计)起止时间：     20##年3月—6月    

毕业论文（设计）开题报告

文献综述

1 变电站的概述

  随着经济的发展，工业水平的进步，人们生活水平不断的提高，电力系统在整个行业中所占比例逐渐趋大。现代电力系统是一个巨大的、严密的整体。各类发电厂、变电站分工完成整个电力系统的发电、变电和配电的任务。电力系统是国民经济的重要能源部门，而变电站的设计是电力工业建设中必不可少的一个项目。由于变电站的设计内容多，范围广，逻辑性强，不同电压等级，不同类型，不同性质负荷的变电站设计时所侧重的方面是不一样的。设计过程中要针对变电站的规模和形式，具体问题具体分析。

变电站是电力系统中变换电压、接受和分配电能、控制电力的流向和调整电压的电力设施，它通过其变压器将各级电压的电网联系起来。我国电力系统的变电站大致分为四大类：升压变电站，主网变电站，二次变电站，配电站。我国电力工业的技术水平和管理水平正在逐步提高，对变电所的设计提出了更高的要求，更需要我们提高知识理解应用水平，认真对待。

结合我国电力现状，为国民经济各部门和人民生活供给充足、可靠、优质、廉价的电能，优化发展变电站。从我国目前部分地区用电发展趋势来看，新建变电站应充分体现出安全性、可靠性、经济性和先进性。在此我为了满足某地区的要点需要，提高电能质量。我拟建一座35KV降变电站。

2 35KV变电站电气部分部分设计的内容

变电站设计的内容力求概念清楚，层次分明，结合自己设计的原始资料，参考变电站电气设计工程规范，经过大量翻阅工作，了解设计基本过程，从而进一步指导设计内容的开展。现将自己查阅文献的工作归述为：通过查阅馆藏书籍，课本和网络资源，了解电力工业的有关政策，技术规程等方面知识，理清自己的设计思路，查询有关电气设备等最新动态价格及参数。从而为自己的设计提供有力的依据。

通过查阅文献，进行论述，提出我的设计思路和具体设计内容，以便于为设计工作提供有理可据的参考价值。通过查阅变电站设计规程，了解发变电站设计的一般过程及相关的设计规程，明白了自己要设计一个变电站的设计内容，清楚设计任务。如电气主接线设计，短路计算，设备的选择，防雷接地等。树立了正确的设计思路，主要涉及以下内容；

1. 电气主接线是变电站设计的首要部分，也是构成电力系统的主要环节，主接线的拟定直接关系着变电站电气设备的选择、配电装置的布置、继电保护和自动装置的确定，是变电站电气部分投资大小的决定性因素。结合原始资料分析，以及各种接线方式的优缺点，适用范围进行综合比较，确定出最终的接线方案；

2. 在变电站的选型应根据其容量和台数、主变压器形式等进行选择；

3. 短路电流计算是为了更好地选择电气设备，继电保护的配置及整定等，了解了电力系统的短路计算知识，学习了短路计算的方法，从而完成自己的设计中的短路计算部分；

4. 导体及电气设备选择是设计的主要内容之一，因电力系统中各种电气设备的作用和工作条件并不一样，具体的选择方法也不完全相同，但是对它们的基本要求是一致的，电气设备要能可靠地工作，必须按正常工作条件进行选择，并按短路状态来校验热稳定和动稳定；

5. 高压配电装置在电力系统中起着接受和分配电能的作用，从中了解到了电气布置知识，通过对配电的基本要求，设计原则的了解，为自己的设计做了较合理的布置；

6. 电力系统的安全性主要体现在继电保护方面，结合继电保护的作用，基本要求（选择性、速动性、灵敏性、可靠性）主要对变压器的差动保护（主保护）、过电流保护（后备保护）、过负荷保护进行了讲解和简单介绍；

7. 为了确保变电站的安全，结合防雷保护知识，防雷技术主要从两个方面:一是雷直击于发电厂,采取了装设避雷针的方法;二是发电厂的雷电入侵波采取装设阀式避雷器的防雷保护措施；

8. 最后参考《国家电力公司农村电网工程典型设计〔第二分册〕》、《电气CAD》书籍知识，了解我国在发电厂设计工作中电气具体的布置规划，同时参考其绘图，编号等要求，为自己的设计绘制了主接线图、平面图和断面图。

可见，通过以上的文献查阅工作，为自己的论文设计提供了有力的依据。弥补了自己的知识欠缺处。使自己的论文设计更合理化，更规范化。

英文文献

Summary:

 Power System Substation is an important and indispensable component of the power it assumed the task of conversion and distribution of grid security and the economy play a decisive role in running is to contact the user's power plants and intermediate links. With economic development, expanding grid capacity, reliability of operation of the power grid is getting higher and higher requirements. Development of science and technology, intelligent switches, photoelectric current and voltage transformer, a run-line state detection, training simulation Substation Operation matures, such as high-tech, as well as fiber-optic technology, computer high-speed network system in the development of real-time applications, bound to the existing substation automation technology have a profound impact, all-digital substation automation system development trend.

 Keywords: substation automation

Power system is operated by the production, transmission, distribution and consumption of a variety of power linked to the composition of electrical equipment. As a result of a large number of power can not be stored, we must ensure that the production of electricity and energy balance. With the scientific and technological advances in the technological development of our country has reached a certain level. Intelligent switches, photoelectric current and voltage transformer, a run-line state detection, training simulation Substation Operation matures, such as high-tech, as well as fiber-optic technology, computer high-speed network system in the development of real-time applications, significantly increase the transformation degree of automation.

Design of our substation substation cable programs tend to be simple, many of the recent domestic new 35 k V substation and 10kV voltage levels of wiring without the use of dual-bus bypass bus. The use of GIS, the priority sub-bus single wire. Terminal Substation, the line as far as possible, such as transformer unit wiring. A large number of the introduction of new technology, transformer substation rising level of electrical equipment, power distribution devices from the traditional form of moving toward oil-free, vacuum switches, SF6 switches and mechanical, electrical equipment combination of the development of small-scale integration. In recent years the world famous high-voltage electrical equipment companies have been developing, the development of the various types of outdoor high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure combination of electrical appliances, some high-voltage switchgear plant has also started production of compact outdoor portfolio electrical appliances. Smart plug-in type outdoor switchgear is a more complete high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure switch system, which includes electrical first and second equipment, as well as the associated fiber optic cable, such as plug-type compound. The entire distributed substation automation system; the introduction of advanced network technology; substation and the construction area covers an area of reduced substation program to simplify wiring, switchgear, bus and steel pipes, such as the use of stents to substation layout is more simple, the abolition of the former station area and optimize the layout to make a substantial decline in an area substation.

With technological advances, the traditional relay protection devices are gradually being replaced by microprocessor-based protection. Microprocessor-based protection is referred to as the protection of PC computer, a digital relay protection, is based on the programmable digital circuit technology and real-time digital signal processing technology of the Power System Protection. At present, both at home and abroad have been developed to 32-bit digital signal processor for hardware-based protection, control, measurement, and data communications integration of microprocessor-based protection control devices, and artificial intelligence technology into a number of relay protection, such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy theory to determine the realization of fault type, fault location, the direction of protection, the main equipment and other new methods of protection. By means of wavelet analysis of the theory of digital signal failure of the entire frequency band information and to achieve fault detection. These artificial intelligence technology to improve the accuracy of failure to provide a means of identification, but also some single-frequency signal based on the traditional method difficult to identify the problems to be resolved. At present, the microprocessor-based relay protection is along the microprocessor-based protection network, and intelligent, adaptive and protection, control, measurement, signal, data communications integration direction.

译文：

变电站是电力系统中不可缺少的重要组成部分，它担负着电能转换和分配的任务，对电网的安全和经济运行起着举足轻重的作用，是联系发电厂和用户的中间环节。随着经济的发展，电网容量不断扩大，对电网运行的可靠性要求也越来越高。科学技术的发展、智能化开关,光电式电流电压互感器,一次运行设备在线状态检测,变电站运行操作培训仿真等高新技术日趋成熟,以及光纤技术、计算机高速网络在实时系统中的开发应用,势必对现有的变电站自动化技术产生深刻的影响,全数字化的变电站自动化系统成为发展的趋势。

关键词：变电站 自动化

   电力系统是由生产、输送、分配和消费电能的各种电气设备连接在一起组成。由于电能无法大量储存，必须保证用电和电能生产的平衡。随着科学技术的不断进步，我们国家的技术发展已经达到一定的水平。智能化开关,光电式电流电压互感器,一次运行设备在线状态检测,变电站运行操作培训仿真等高新技术日趋成熟,以及光纤技术、计算机高速网络在实时系统中的开发应用,大大的提高变电自动化程度。

我国变电站设计开始趋向于变电站接线方案简单，近期国内新建的许多变电站35k V及10kV电压等级的接线采用双母线而不带旁路母线。采用GIS的情况下，优先采用单母线分段接线。终端变电站中，尽量采用线路变压器组接线等。大量采用新的技术，变电站电气设备档次不断提高，配电装置也从传统的形式走向无油化、真空开关、SF6开关和机、电组合一体化的小型设备发展。近年来世界各国著名的高压电气设备公司都相继开发、研制了各种类型的户外高压和超高压组合电器，国内一些高压开关厂也已经开始生产户外紧凑型组合电器。户外插接式智能型组合电器是一种功能更完备的高压和超高压开关系统，它内含电气一次、二次设备，以及相关连的插接式复合光缆等。全分散式变电站自动化系统；引入先进的网络技术；变电站占地及建筑面积减少，变电站接线方案的简化，组合电器、管母线及钢支架等的采用，使变电站布置更为简单，取消站前区和优化布置使变电站占地大幅度下降。

随着技术的进步，传统的继电保护装置正逐步被微机保护所取代。微机保护是微机计算机保护的简称，是一种数字式继电保护，是基于可编程数字电路技术和实时数字信号处理技术实现的电力系统继电保护。目前，国内外已经研制出以32位数字信号处理器为硬件基础的保护、控制、测量、及数据通信一体化的微机保护综合控制装置，并将一些人工智能技术引入继电保护中，如用人工神经网络、模糊理论实现故障类型判断、故障测距、方向保护、主设备保护等新方法。用小波理论的数字手段分析故障产生信号的整个频带信息并用于实现故障检测。这些人工智能技术不仅为提高故障判别精度提供了手段，而且使某些基于单一工频信号的传统算法难以识别的问题得到解决。目前，微机继电保护正沿着微机保护网络化、智能化、自适应和保护、控制、测量、信号、数据通信一体化的方向发展。

                         

外文文献二

The most basic request that charged barbed wire net in the city circulates is safe and stable.The core problem of charged barbed wire net safety in the city stability wants to build up to be a with the city mutually accommodative of, reasonable of charged barbed wire net structure.This text passes and programs to the charged barbed wire net with electric power and designs the technique principle of the aspect analysis.Elaborated the standard concerning electric voltage grade, power supply credibility, power supply ability and charged barbed wire net safe power supply requests etc. some problems that should notice in the charged barbed wire net safety;And have already aimed at sex's elaborating request to the concrete design principle opposite charged barbed wire net safe power supply of  the 35kV transformer substation and 10kV transformer substation.

How to promise power supply credibility

1)Satisfy charged barbed wire net power supply safe standard.The power supply network satisfies the request of power supply credibility.The standard that all satisfies N-l, city area center high burden density important customer in the district satisfy the standard of N-2.Disallow transformer over carry.Help a southern city net power supply credibility rate index sign programming target is 99.99%.

2)Press to go together with charged barbed wire net burden to transfer ability in the city satisfy following request:

①The transformer substation loses any once enter line or one set lord transformer but lower power supply ability, win press to go together with charged barbed wire net to have to transfer burden to ensure the ability of power supply.

②When a female line of transformer substation stops a luck because of putting, winning to press to go together with charged barbed wire net should have the ability that transfer all burden.

③When the 10 kv goes together with electric wire road any check to fix or breaks down, going together with the charged barbed wire net should have non- check of transfer to fix, non- breakdown segment ability for carrying.The non- check fixs,

The non- breakdown segment carries to the power is off time only for go together with to give or get an electric shock an equipments to pour a Zha operation for time.

3)Ask to satisfy a following principle while allowing the capacity of the power outage and the target of the instauration power supply while going together with charged barbed wire net breakdown to make the customer the power is off:

①The customer of two back track power supplies , after losing a back track, should be unlimited to give or get an electric shock.

②The customer of three back track power supplies , after losing a back track, should be unlimited to give or get an electric shock, again after losing a back track, should satisfy power supply capacity 50-70% is used an electricity.

③When all of a back track or much customer's the power of back track power supplies stopped, resume target time of power supply broke down to handle for a back track restored of ask.

④At wreath net power supply method in for open the customer in the wreath network, the lowest instauration power supply request for breaking down wreath net is to need to pass charged barbed wire net operation instauration

Power supply of time, its target time need for operating of ask;It is the power supply that passes to go together with net automation restriction to resume an intact block in the lmin to go together with net automation circuit.

(3)Power supply ability and safety

1)Of each electric voltage layer net capacity in the city net, press definitely change the electric capacity carry to compare an allocation, the all levels electric voltage net changes the electric capacity carry compare satisfy the upper limit request that current 《electric power net in the city programming design lead 》 stipulates.

According to 20## national economy trade committee promulgation of electric power profession standard 《electric power system safety stability lead 》 middle finger:N.a standard is under the normal movement method of the any component(is like circuit, generator, and transformer...etc.) in the electric power system have no break down or because of break down break to open, electric power system should

Can keep stable to circulate with normal power supply, other components however carry, electric voltage and frequency all are allowing inside the scope.This is usually called N. one standard.

The charged barbed wire net power supply safe standard has:N-l standard and quasi- N one 2 standards and Ns is one 2 standards.

City's going together with the power supply safety of charged barbed wire net to usually request is to adopt N one one standard.It is one 2 standards to have already adopted quasi- N as well at the power supply safety specially important place one 2 standards or Ns.

2)Medium press and go together with charged barbed wire net and have certain back up capacity, generally should have 50% Yu degrees, while being any component check and fixing and breaking down and stopping and carrying should pass and pour a Zha operation can keep a segment the customer continue toward the customer or non- trouble power supply, go together with each component of charged barbed wire net while transfering burden however carry, unlimited electricity.When  two set lords hanpen that the power is off at the same time,that is used circuit should adjust above 60% burden.

译文：城市电网运行的最基本要求是安全与稳定。城市电网安全稳定的核心问题是要建立一个与该城市相适应的、合理的电网结构。本文通过对电网规划和电力设计方面的技术原则分析。阐述了在电网安全中关于电压等级、供电可靠性、供电能力以及电网安全供电的准则要求等方面应注意的一些问题；以及有针对性的阐述了对35kV变电站和10kV变电站的具体设计原则相对电网安全供电的要求。

如何保证供电可靠性

1)满足电网供电安全准则。供电网络满足供电可靠性的要求。全部满足N—l的准则，城区中心高负荷密度区域重要用户满足N-2的准则。不允许变压器过载。济南城网供电可靠率指标规划目标为99．99％。

2)城市中压配电网负荷转移能力满足以下要求：

①变电站失去任何一回进线或一台主变压器而降低供电能力时，中压配电网具有转移负荷确保供电的能力。

②变电站的一段母线因放停运时，中压配电网应具有转移全部负荷的能力。

③10kV配电线路任何一段检修或故障时，配电网应具备转移非检修、非故障段负荷的能力。非检修、非故障段负荷停电时间仅为配电设备倒闸操作时间。

3)配电网故障造成用户停电时，允许停电的容量和恢复供电的目标时问满足以下原则：

①两回路供电的用户，失去一条回路后，应不限电。

②三回路供电的用户，失去一条回路后，应不限电，再失去一条回路后，应满足供电容量50-70％用电。

③一回路或多回路供电的用户电源全停时，恢复供电的目标时间为一回路故障处理恢复的时问。

④在环网供电方式中对于开环网络中的用户，环网故障时的最低恢复供电要求是需通过电网操作恢复供电的时间，其目标时间为操作所需的时问；配网自动化线路是通过配网自动化限制在lmin内恢复完好区段的供电。

(3)供电能力和安全性

1)城网中各电压层网容量之间，按一定的变电容载比配置，各级电压网变电容载比满足现行《城市电力网规划设计导则》规定的上限要求。根据20##年国家经济贸易委员会颁布的电力行业标准《电力系统安全稳定导则》中指出：N．1准则为正常运行方式下的电力系统中任一元件(如线路、发电机、变压器等)无故障或因故障断开，电力系统应能保持稳定运行和正常供电，其他元件不过负荷，电压和频率均在允许范围内。这通常称为N．1准则。电网供电安全准则有：N—l准则、准N一2准则和N一2准则。城市配电网的供电安全通常要求是采用N一1准则。在供电安全特别重要的地方也有采用准N一2准则或N一2准则。

2)中压配电网具有一定的备用容量，一般应有50％裕度，当任一元件检修和故障停运时，应通过倒闸操作能保持向用户或非事故段用户继续供电，转移负荷时配电网的各元件不过负荷、不限电。变电站两台主变同时停电时，公用线路应调出60％以上负荷。