引导条件状语从句的连接词主要有：if(如果）、unless（除非）或 as long as（只要）等。unless在意思上等于if...not。

一、条件状语从句用法

1、引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if,由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。如:

If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。

If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.如果你不及格,你会让他失望的。 另外,if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设,从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。如: If I were you, I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。

2、unless = if...not. 除非,若不,除非在……的时候

例如：Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.

=If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.

Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。

3、so/as long as只要

例句;You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean. 只要你保持书的清 洁，你就可以把我的书借去。

So long as you?re happy, it doesn?t matter what you do. 只要你高兴，你做什么都没有关系。

二、时态问题

在条件状语从句中，要注意“主将从现”的规定，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来时。例句： I will come to see you if I have time. 我有时间，我就来看你。 常见考法

对于条件状语从句的考查，多以单选和完形填空的形式，从时态的角度设题，考查生灵活运用的能力，或从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。

典型例题：If he ___in half an hour,we ___wait for him.

A. won't come ,won't B.won't come ,don't

C.doesn't come ,won't D.will come ,don't

解析：本题考查条件状语从句“主将从现”的运用。题干的意思是“如果他一小时后不来，我们将不会等他了”，从“in half an hour”，“一小时后”可知本句说的是未来的事，那么if引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来时，主句要用一般将来时。

答案：C

误区提醒

if 既可以引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，也可以引导宾语从句，表达“是否”。辨别它在这两种从句中的时态是我们经常容易出错的地方。另外，if 和unless的用法也需注意。 典型例题： ----I wonder if your wife to the party.

----If your wife _________, so will mine。.

A. will go， go B. will go, goes

C.goes, will go D. will go, will go

解析：第一句中if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句，用将来时will go；第二句“如果你的妻子去，我的妻子也去”，if引导条件状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来时。 your wife，单三人称主语，所以用goes 。

答案：B

一、让步状语从句

所谓让步，就是我们日常生活中“退一步说……”的意思，有一种转折关系在里面。引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though, although,while, as; even if, even though; whether...or...; no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever，一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”，“无论……”。用法如下：

1、though, although表示“虽然，纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中，though较常使用，although比though正式，二者都可与yet， still或never，the less连用，但不能与but连用。例如：

Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。 值得注意的是，although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。

2、as，though表示“虽然……但是”，“纵使……”之意。as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，though也可用于这样的结构中，但although不可以这样用。例如：

Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。

3、 even if, even though 表示“即使……”，“纵使……”之意，含有一种假设。 这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常互换使用，但意义有细微差别。even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性，可用来表示与事实相反的假设，但不能用来描述已经发生的事实。而even though引导让步状语从句时，是以从句的内容为先决条件的，即说话人肯定了从句的事实，表示已经发生了的事。例如：

We?ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。

4、whether...or...表示“不论是否……”，“不管是……还是……”之意。由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。例如： You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼 。

5、“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……；不管……都……”它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如：

No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)无论发生了什么，他都不会介意的。

但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。例如：Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I won?t believe you. (Whatever 引导让步状语从句)无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。

I'll eat whatever (≠no matter what) you give me. (whatever引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么，我就吃什么。

二、比较状语从句

比较状语从句一般是指含有比较级的句子中由as或than引起的从句。从某种角度上说，它也是一种方式状语从句，例如：

He moves more slowly than his sister does. 他行动起来比他妹妹慢。

He works as hard as his brother（does）. 他学习和他哥哥一样努力。

常见考法

对于让步和比较状语从句的考查，多以单选和完形填空的形式，从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。

典型例题： it is very late now, the workers are still working in the factory.

A Although B As C When D If

解析：本题考查让步状语从句的连词的用法。根据句意“尽管现在很晚了，工人们仍然在工厂工作”，前后有转折关系，是让步状语从句。

误区提醒

用though/although, as 引导让步状语从句时，句中不能用but表示转折语气。例如： 不能说：Though he looks weak, but he is healthy.

而要说：Though he looks weak, he is healthy.

或者说：He looks weak, but he is healthy.

典型例题：Though it rained heavily yesterday, he got to school on time.

A but B / C and

解析：题干的意思是“尽管昨天下大雨了，他还是按时到达了学校”，前后是转折关系，有同学可能会选A，但hough/although和but不能同时使用，所以选B。

答案：B

一、方式状语从句

1、方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。

1）as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，例如：

Please do as what I told you. 请按照我告诉你的做。

As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。

Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。

2）as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：

He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lightning. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）

说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如： He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。 The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。

2、其他的引导词

1）the way：Please pronounce the word the way I do.请照我这样,读这个单词.

2）口语常用的like：He sit there smiling like it was his birthday.他面带微笑坐在那儿,像是过生日似的. （这里用了虚拟语气，值得注意的是be动词用的was，而表示虚拟as if引导的be动词则只能是were。）

地点状语从句表示地点、 方位， 这类从句通常由where，wherever引导。例如： Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者， 事竟成。

They will go where they are happy. 他们想到他们觉得快乐的地方去。

二、地点状语从句

1、地点状语从句类型

1）Where＋地点从句。 此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”或“····的地方”。例如： Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。

They were good persons. Where they went, they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。

You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。 We must camp where we can get water. 我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。

2）Anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句，＋主句。

anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。例如：

Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。

2、地点状语从句与定语从句的区别

二者区别在于分句在句中作什么成分。作状语，则是状语从句；作定语修饰名词，则是定语从句。 where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而状语从句前则无需先行词。 如：

Go back where you came from.(where引导地点状语从句） 你从何处来到何处去。 Go back to the village where you came from.(where引导定语从句，修饰village) 回到你来的那个村子里去。

3、地点状语从句的省略， 如: Fill in the blanks with articles necessary.(necessary前省略了where it is) 在需要的地方填上冠词。

常见考法

对于方式和地点状语从句的考查，多以单选和完形填空的形式，从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。

典型例题：She looks she is ill.

A as if B though C because D since

解析：as if 表示“好像”，though 表示“尽管”， because表示“因为”，since 表示“既然”，从题干的意思“看上去她好象是生病了，确定答案为A。

答案：A

误区提醒

单纯考查地点状语从句在初中阶段考试中出现的并不多，这种从句多是在完形填空和阅读短文中出现，以考查学生的理解能力。它和定语从句的区别是容易出错的地方。 典型例题：1、You should let your children play _________ you can see them.

A. where B. when C. in which D. that

解析：题干的意思是“你应该让你的孩子在你能看见的地方玩”，句中没有表示地点的名词作先行词，所以不是定语从句。where 意为“在……的地方”，引导地点状语从句。

答案：A

2、 Now he works in the factory _________ his father used to work.

A. where B. when C. in which D. that

解析：题干的意思是“现在他在他父亲过去工作的那家工厂工作”，句中有表示地点的名词作先行词factory，所以where引导定语从句，表示地点。

答案：A

原因状从

是用来说明引起主句这个结果的原因的从句，在初中阶段引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要的有because, as, since,for等。例如：

1.I didn?t go to school yesterday because I was ill. 我昨天没去上学，因为我生病了。

2. Since everybody is here, let?s begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了, 让我们开始开会吧.

3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然你身体不好, 你就不该熬夜.

4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. 我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她.

原因状语从句应注意的问题

1、because , since , as , for,辨析

1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。

I didn?t go, because I was afraid.

Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。例：

He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today.

3） as和for的区别：通常情况下，as引导的从句在主句前，for引导的从句在主句后。例： As the weather is cold, I stay at home.（同义句） I stay at home, for the weather is cold.

2、because习惯上不与so连用

汉语习惯上说“因为…所以…”，但英语习惯上却不能将 so与because 连用：

正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home. 误：Because it was raining, so we stayed at home. 因为下雨，所以我们呆在家里。

3、because 从句与 because of短语的转换

Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换，because of后加的原因可以为好或坏 ，但最正规的还是because。

He can?t come because he is ill. / He can?t come because of his illness. 他因病不能来。 I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wife?s being there. 因为他妻子在那儿，我对此事只字未提。

常见考法

对于原因状语从句的考查，多以单选和完形填空的形式，从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。

典型例题：He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.

A. and B. for C. but D. or

解析： “his eyesight was beginning to fail”是“he found it increasingly difficult to read”的原因， 因此本题应选用可以表示原因的连词for引导原因状语从句。

答案： B

误区提醒

除了because , since , as , for这四个词的辨析外，对于because 从句与 because of短语的区分也是难点之一。Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换，because of后跟的是短语 ，because后跟的是句子。

典型例题：He didn't go to work the heavy rain.

A .because B.because of C.so D.since

解析：题干的意思是“ 由于那场大雨，他没有去上班”，the heavy rain.表示原因，排除C； since和because 表示原因，后面跟的是从句，也就是说必须是一个完整的句子，本题中the heavy rain没有主语和谓语，.只是一个短语，所以排除A和C；because of表示“由于···”，后跟名词、代词或短语。

答案：B

目的状从

顾名思义，用来说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的从句叫做目的状语从句。 表示目的状语的从句可以由 that（以便），so that（以便）， in order that（为了；以便），Lest（免得；唯恐）， for fear that（生怕；以免）等词引导；目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。

例如：You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.

He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.

Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

目的状语从句应注意以下两点：

（1）目的状语从句中常含有can,could,may,might,should等情态动词。 例如：

I got up early so that I could catch the first bus. 我起得很早，目的是为了赶上头班公共汽车。

（2）在口语中so可以引导目的状语从句。例如：

We'll sit nearer the front so we can hear better. 我们坐的靠前一点，因此，我们听得清楚一点。

1、in order that与in order to的区别：

in order that+从句 in order to+动词原形 （ in order to后面加的那个不叫目的状语从句，叫目的状语） 例如：

He got up early in order to take the first bus.

= He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.（他起床很早是为了赶上第一班 公共汽车）

目的状语从句的一个特点：由于目的都是未来的行为，所以从句中一般用表示未来可能性时态，比如上面句中的could。当然还可以用will,would,can,等 。

2、so that既可引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。

1）其引导结果状语从句时，so that翻译为“以至于...”，经常可以和so/such...that...转换，且从句只能放在主句之后。如：He got up late so that he was late for school. = He got up so late that he was late for school.

2）其引导目的状语从句时，从句只能放在主句之后，此时可以和in order that换用。如：He got up early so that he could take the first bus. = He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.

常见考法

对于目的状语从句的考查，多以单选和完形填空的形式，从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。

典型例题：Ann listened carefully _____ she could discover what she needed.

A. such that B. in order that C. because D. even though

解析：题干的意思是“为了能够发现自己需要的东西，安认真听讲”。很明显从句表示的是目的。such that本身是错误短语，because 表示原因，even though是“尽管”的意思，不符合题意。

答案：B

误区提醒

如何区别目的状语从句中的so that与结果状语从句中的so that的用法，这是我们需要注意的。目的状语从句的so that是连着的，结果状语从句是分开的，即so…that. so that是目的状语从句，是为了什么什么，有目的的含义。而so…that是结果状语从句，是“如此怎么怎么样结果是什么”。仔细体会一下吧！

典型例题：I get up so early I can not be late

A. that B . so that C.such that D.in order

解析：题干的意思是“我起床如此早以便于我可以不迟到”。从句表示目的，首先排除C，因为such that本身是错误短语，在排除in order，因为它后面不能跟句子；因为句子中有so,所以大家可能选A，如果选它，那句子的意思是“我起床如此早结果我可以不迟到”，显然说不通，所以排除。

答案： B

定语从句的用法和精练

一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,

关系副词包where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三、关系代词的用法

1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:

This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:

This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。

(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。

(4)关系词只能用that的情况:

a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:

Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:

a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如: What?s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?

b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:

This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

(1) I still remember the day I first came to the school. (2) The time together finally came.

(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:

(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

(1) Please tell me the reason (2) I don?t know the reason he looks unhappy today.

1词，关系代词一般只用that

例如：All that are present burst into tears.

2．如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等词修饰，关系代词常用that

例如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.

3．which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，

也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思与and this相似。 例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.

4．先行词中既有人又有物时，关系代词应该用that。 例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.

5．构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without等，

关系代词常常只可用whom或which，不可用that。 例如：The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.

像listen to， look at， depend on， pay attention to， take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开。

例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

定语从句

I. 单项填空。

1. -Do you know the man ____is talking with your father? -Yes, he?s our headmaster.

A. he B. who C. which D. whom

2. Is this the river _____I can swim? A. which B. in which C. that D. the one

3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it

4. Can you lend me the dictionary ____the other day?

A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it

5. Anyone ____with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree

6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who

7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate A. who?s B. whose C. that of which.

8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister. A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was

9. I love places ______the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who

10. The world ____ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live

C. where we live in D. we live in

Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。

__is called April Fool?s Day in the west.

__had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.

5. Didn?t you see the man ___I talked with just now?

答案：CBCAC ABCCB That ,which ,which ,who ,whom .

一、 典型例题

( )1、 -Do you know the man ____is talking with your father？-Yes， he?s our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom

( )2、The girl ____ is reading under the tree ___my sister. A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was

( )3、Have you seen the film Titanic __actors are very famous? A who B whose

C that D whom

( )4、Ann asked the policeman ___he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. A with him B with whom C who D whom

( )5、A child ____parents are dead is called an orphan. A which B his C whose D with

( )6、This is the reason ____ he told me. A、that B、why C、on which D、for that

( )7、Do you know the scientist ___ gave us a talk just now? A. who B. whom C. which D. whose

( )8、This is the dictionary ___ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom

( )9、at home and abroad. A. where B. which C. who D. what

( )10、—Do you know the girl ____ is standing under the tree? She is my little sister. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

三、课后练习

( B. that

C. which D. what

( )2. Have you read the book ______ I gave you yesterday? A. that B. when

C. where

( )3. The man ____ came to our party with a present is my old friend. A. when

B. which C. who

( )4. I like writers ______ write short stories. A. which B. what C. whom D.

who

( )5. This is the question ______ we are talking about now. A. that B. who

C. where D. when

( )6. —What are you looking for?—I am looking for the book ______ I bought yesterday. A. who B. which C. whose

( )7. Jack, there is someone in the office __ would like to speak with you. A. who

B. which C. whom

( )8. If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone ____ works

hard. A. which B. / C. whom D. who

( )9. Many young people prefer the songs __ have great lyrics. A. which B. who C.

where D. whom

( )10. Even teachers can?t understand some expressions _____ their students use

in daily life. A. whose B. who C. that D. whom

( )11. The bridge ___ a big ship can go has been built. A. under which B. under that C. in which D. on which

( )12. The book ___ is torn is mine. A. the cover of which B. the cover of that C. which the cover D. whose cover of

( )13. He talked about the classmates and the school ____ he had visited. A. who B. that C. which D. about which

( )14. You have seen the girl _ sister is a Chinese teacher. A. whom B. of whom C. whose D. of which

( )15. We should do all ____ is useful to people. A. / B. that C. it D. which

( )16. We came to a place ___ they had never paid a visit before. A. which B. in which C. on which D. to which

( )17. Those __ finished doing it put up your hands. A. who have B. who has C. which have D. have

( )19. The man __ was a friend of mine.

A. that you just talked to B. whom you just talked to him C. who you just

talked to him D. which you just talked to

( )20. I went to the school __ my father once worked. A. that B. which C. where D. on which

( )21. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers,

__has a great effect on my life.

A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who

( )22. The weather turned out to be very good, _____was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it

( )23. Carol said the work would be done by personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which

( )24. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, , of course,

made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what

( )25. Have you seen the film "Titanic", __ leading actor is world famous? A. its

B. it's C. whose D. which

典型例题1B2C3b4b5c6a 7a8a9b10a 课后练习1B2A3D4D 5-9ABADA 10C 11 A12 A13 B14 C.15 B16 D17 A19 A 20 C21 B22 B23 D24 B25 C

时间状从

在复合句中，由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。时间状语从句通常由when, while, as，after,before,since,until等词引导。

一、时间状语从句种类

1、引导的从句表示主从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作在主句之前。when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。例如：

When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我停止吃饭。(瞬时动词)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）

We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。

2、While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如： While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生) I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）

3、As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。例如： We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边……一边”） As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）

4、由before和after引导的时间状语从句，表示两个动作一前一后发生。

例如：It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。

After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是

怎样决定的。

5、由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。till不可以用在句首，而until可以放在句首。例如：

I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。 I worked until he came back.我到他回来为止。

6、由since引导的时间状语从句表示“自从……以来”。

I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。

7、由as soon as引导的时间状语从句表示“一……就”。例如：

As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。

二、时态问题

在状语从句中，有“主将从现”的规定，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来时。例句： I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就将给你打电话。（这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，决不可用will arrive）

常见考法

对于时间状语从句的考查，多以单选和完形填空的形式，从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词，或从时态的角度设题，考查学生灵活运用的能力。

典型例题：I'm sure he will jump up when he the good news.

A . know B will know C. knows D knowing

解析：本题考查学生时间状语从句的时态问题。时间状语从句中，主句若是一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时表示将来时。从句的主语是单三人称，所以排除 A 。

答案： C

误区提醒

When既可以引导时间状语从句，也可以引导宾语从句，辨别它在这两种从句中的时态是我们经常容易出错的地方。

典型例题：I don?t know when he next week. when he , please let me know.

A. comes, comes B. will come, will come

C. will come, comes D. comes, will come

解析：第一句话“我不知道他下周什么时候来”，when引导宾语从句 ，表示将来时，就用一般将来时will come；第二句话“当他来的时候，请让我知道”，when引导时间状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来时，所以用 comes。

答案： C