总结文章主要内容

一（2013朝阳1）

Dr. Sharon M. Draper is an excellent teacher as well as a successful writer. She is a woman of achievements.

She has been honored as the National Teacher of the Year, is a five-time winner of the Coretta Scott King Literary Awards, and is a New York Times bestselling writer.

She was chosen as Ohio's Outstanding High School Language Arts Educator, Ohio Teacher of the Year, and as a NCNW Excellence in Teaching Award winner.

She is a Milken Family Foundation National Educator Award winner.

She is a YWCA Career Woman of Achievement, and is the recipient (接受者) of the Dean's Award from Howard University School of Education.

Two years ago she was named Ohio Pioneer in Education by the Ohio State Department of Education, and received the Beacon of Light Humanitarian Award, as well as the Doctor of Laws Degree from Pepperdine University.

She has been honored at the White House six times, and was chosen as one of only four writers in the country to speak at the National Book Festival Gala in Washington, D.C. Her book Copper Sun has been chosen by the US State Department and the International Reading Association as the United States novel for the international reading project. Students in the US, Nigeria, and Ghana are reading the book and sharing the ideas—a true intercontinental, cross-cultural experience.

She has worked all over the United States, as well as in Russia, Ghana, Togo, Kenya, Ethiopia, Bermuda, and Guam, spreading the word about the power of successful teaching and excellence in education.

She became known when she won first prize in a literary (文学的) competition. She was given $5000 and her short story, One Small Torch, came into being. She has written many poems, articles, and short stories in literary journals (期刊).

Here are some of her books which are very popular in America.

We Beat the Street (Dutton, 2005)

Copper Sun (Simon and Schuster, 2006)

Fire from the Rock (Dutton, 2007)

Just Another Hero (Simon and Schuster, 2009)

Out of my Mind (Simon and Schuster, 2010)

64. Is Dr. Sharon M. Draper a writer?

65. What was she named in 2011?

66. How many times has she been to the White House at least?

67. What has she written in literary journals?

68. What‘s the passage mainly about?

二（2013海淀1）

Beijing is a crowded city of high-rise buildings everywhere. When there is a fire, it can spread easily and quickly. Every year, there are thousands of people losing not only their property (财产)but also their loved ones in fires. In many cases, these fires happened because people were careless. To prevent fires at home, it is important to monitor(监督) some household activities. Use of electrical appliances

Always pay attention to the electrical wiring and electrical appliances（电器） that you are using. Choose proper electrical appliances and use them correctly. For example, allow enough space behind your TV sets to make sure that there is room for the heat to escape. Do not put heaters near newspapers or other materials that can burn easily. When the electrical appliances are not in use, disconnect them from the electricity supply. When you notice problems with your electrical appliances, make sure to repair or replace them quickly. It is also important to avoid connecting too many plugs to the same socket（插座） as fires may result.

Fire risks in the kitchen

The kitchen is a place where we can find fuel（燃料）, cooking stoves and many different kinds of electrical appliances. Because of this, you have to be more careful when working in the kitchen. Before cooking, open the windows to allow fresh air into the kitchen. Do not leave the kitchen when a stove is in use. Keep food packages and waste paper away from a stove as well. If you smell strong gas in the kitchen, disconnect the gas supply and contact your gas supply company immediately.

Matches and lighters

Put matches and lighters in safe places. Do not let children play with them.

Emergency exits

Do not block the emergency exits（紧急出口） or lock them. When there is a fire, the emergency exits are your main escape paths.

64.Why did fire happen in many cases?

65. Where shouldn‘t we put the heater?

66. Is it important to avoid connecting too many plugs to the same socket?

67. What should we do before cooking?

68. What is the purpose of the passage?

三（2013丰台1）下定义+优点

The iPhone 4S is a touchscreen-based smartphone

developed by Apple Inc. It is the fifth generation of the

iPhone, succeeding the iPhone 4, and was announced on

October 4, 2011. Siri on iPhone 4S is like a person assistant.

It lets you use your voice to do things on the iPhone. You

can just talk to Siri as you talk to a person. Siri understands

what you say, knows what you mean, and even talks back.

Say something like ―Tell my wife I‘m running late.‖

―Remind me to call the doctor.‖―Any fast food restaurants

around here?‖ Siri does what you say, finds the information you need, then answers you. It‘s like

you‘re having a conversation with your assistant.

Siri not only understands what you say, but it‘s also smart enough to know what you mean. So when you ask, ―Any fast food restaurants around here?‖ Siri will reply, ―I found a number of restaurants near you.‖ Then you can say, ―Hmm. How about French fries?‖ Siri remembers that you just asked about restaurants for something to eat, so it will look for KFC restaurants in the neighborhood. And Siri is active, so it will question you until it finds what you‘re looking for.

When you want to do something, just ask Siri to help you do it. Siri uses almost all the built-in apps on iPhone 4S. It writes texts and sends email messages. It searches the web for anything you need to know. It plays the songs you want to hear. It gives you directions and shows you around. It makes calls, plans meetings, helps you remember and wakes you up. In fact, ask Siri what it can do — it even speaks for itself.

Siri is easy to use and does so much. You‘ll keep finding more and more ways to use it.

64.When was iPhone 4S announced?

65.What is Siri on iPhone 4S like?

66. How can you use Siri to do things on the iPhone?

67. Why will Siri look for KFC restaurants in the neighborhood?

68. What does the writer want to tell us according to the passage?

四（2013石景山1）

Self-images are our own mind‘s pictures of ourselves. These images（意象）include the way we look, the way we act, the way we talk and the way we think. When we find that believing in ourselves is a bit hard, it is time we build positive（积极的）self-images and learn to have happy lives.

Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unluckily, most of these images are more negative（消极的）than they should be. Thus changing the way we think about ourselves is the key to change our self-images and our whole world.

The best way to destroy a passive（被动的）self-image is to step back and decide to pay attention to our successes. That is, make a list if we need to, but write down all of the great things we do every day. Don‘t allow doubts to happen on us.

It very well might be that we are experiencing negative self-images because we can‘t move past the weakness that we see about ourselves. Well, make a change of it as our primary tasks. If we think we‘re silly because we aren‘t good at math, find someone to help us. If we think we‘re weak because we can‘t run a mile, get more practice. But remember, what we think doesn‘t mean it‘s true.

The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that our images are far from the goals, and to actively make ourselves believe that we have positive personalities. Changing the way we think and working on those we need to improve will go a long way to create new positive self-images. When we can pat ourselves on the back, we‘ll know we‘re well on our way.

64. What are self-images?

65. When do we need to build positive self-images?

66. What‘s the key to change our self-images?

67. How can we destroy passive self-images?

68. What does the writer mainly want to tell us?

五（2013朝阳2）

Are your spending habits doing you more harm than good? Getting control of your daily money is an important part of personal financial management. These following steps will help you.

Track (追踪) your spending

How much money did you spend last month? Most people have no idea where most of their money goes, so finding out can be a life-changing experience. Try tracking your spending for one month. After you buy something, make a record of it. This will help you analyze (分析) it. You may be surprised at how much you are actually spending on something.

Making a budget (预算)

After you‘ve tracked your spending for a month, creating a useful budget will be easy. Start your budget by listing all of your spending such as food, clothes, entertainment, etc. Then use the information you‘ve got from tracking your spending to decide how much you should budget for each area.

Stay on budget

Once you have created your budget, stick to it by using the envelope (信封) method. Prepare an envelope for each of your budget things. Then put your budget money into the envelopes so you can monitor your spending throughout the month. Using the envelope method helps you control your spending.

Start an emergency fund (紧急情况基金)

Having an emergency fund gives you the ability to deal with unexpected things while letting you stay on budget. First, decide how much you will need. Experts (专家) often advise to have enough money to cover between three and six months of living spending. Then set up your emergency fund that will only be used for emergencies. Make saving for your emergency fund and other savings for part of your budget.

64. How many steps are mentioned to manage our money well?

65. When should we make a record of our spending?

66. How do we start a useful budget?

67. What‘s in the envelopes?

68. What does the writer want to tell us?

六（2013大兴2）

In many countries around the world May 1 is a holiday. Labor Day, or Workers‘ Day, is an international holiday that honors working men and women, and the jobs they do.

During the late 1880s, in many parts of the world, people worked for fourteen to sixteen hours a day in factories, and earned very little money. In the United States and Canada, working people got together to try to make their workplaces better. These groups of people formed Unions. The union leaders asked company directors for shorter work days and higher pays, but many of them dismissed the ideas. On May 1, 1886, men and women in the United States and Canada stopped work and marched through cities and towns to try and force bosses to let them work an eight-hour day. In the city of Chicago, several people died in fights with the police. Over the next few years, people in cities around the world stopped working every May 1 to honor workers everywhere. By the early twentieth century, the first of May was a national holiday in many countries.

In the United States and Canada, May 1 is not a holiday. North Americans celebrate Labor Day on the first Monday in September. Today in the United States, Labor Day is mostly about having fun. People enjoy a long weekend, and often celebrate by having barbecues or picnics with friends or family. In many parts of the United States, Labor Day is also the last day of summer vacation and students return to school the next day.

64. Is the Labor Day another name for Workers‘ Day?

65. Who formed the first Unions?

66. When did people first stop work for an eight-hour day?

67. How does the North Americans celebrate their Labor Day?

68. What does the passage mainly want to tell us?

七（2013东城2）

On 19th September 1783, Pilatre De Rozier, a scientist, sent the first hot air balloon. The passengers were three animals and the balloon stayed in the air for about 15 minutes before hitting back to the ground.

The first manned（载人的）flight was about 2 months later, with a balloon made by 2 French brothers. The balloon flew for a period of 20 minutes.

Sailing through the sky in the balloon,

high above buildings and trees, you can‘t feel

or hear the wind because you‘re traveling in

the same direction and at the same speed as it

is.

A hot air balloon has three main parts:

the balloon, called an envelope; a basket,

where passengers ride; and a burner system,

which supplies the hot air.

Most balloon envelopes are made of strong, lightweight nylon（尼龙）. They are different in size and shape, but they have to be really, really big to lift even

one

person. Most weigh more than an adult man.

The basket is usually made of wicker（柳条）, which is strong but not too hard. It needs to bend a bit for a soft landing, just like a good jumper bends her legs instead of keeping them straight when she lands.

The hot air balloon works on the theory that hot air rises faster than cooler air. When the burner system is turned on, it makes a noisy sound, but once the balloon is flying, the burner can be turned off. The air in the envelope will then cool, and the balloon will slowly go down unless the pilot starts the burner system again.

To control a hot air balloon, a pilot adds hot air to it to go up or lets the air out to go down until he finds a wind blowing in the direction he wants to fly. But no matter which way the wind blows, the passengers have an amazing bird‘s-eye view of the world.

64. Who were the passengers on the first hot air balloon?

65. Did the first manned balloon fly for 20 minutes?

66. Why is the basket usually made of wicker?

67. How does a pilot control the hot air balloon?

68. What are the main points in this passage?

八（2013房山2）

Have you ever seen To The Arctic 3D （《到北极去》）which was shown on April 2oth, 2012? When you watch 3D movies or TV, you have to wear a special pair of glasses. The 3D glasses make the images from the screen look like they are in the room with you.

Three – dimensional, or 3D, means having three dimensions (维度): width, height and depth. 3D technology is based on the way the human brain and eyes work. Because the pupils (瞳孔) of a person‘s eyes are about 6.5 cm apart, when we look at something, each eye sees it from a different angle (角度). Our eyes send the two images to our brain, and the brain puts them together. The small difference between the image from the right eys and the image from the left eye allows us to see depth.

When we view media such as pictures and television in two dimensions, each eye gets the same information. That is because the image has no real depth, and there is only one way of viewing it. So the goal of 3-D technology is to get a different image into each eye of the viewer. It uses two film projectors. One projects a left eye image and the other projects a right eye image. The 3-D glasses allow us to see a different image in each eye.

While watching 3-D films, we feel that we are actually in the same environment as the things we‘re watching. However, it also has its disadvantages. The 3-D glasses work by controlling the amount of light that reaches the eyes. It makes the screen look darker. What‘s more, people with eye problems may get headaches if they spend too much time watching 3-D movies, because their brains need to work harder to ―read‖ the images.

64.What should you wear when you watch 3D movies?

_____________________________________________________________________________

65. How far is the pupils of a person‘s eyes?

______________________________________________________________________________

66. How many film projectors are used when 3D films are shown?

______________________________________________________________________________

67. Why do many people go to watch 3D films?

______________________________________________________________________________

68. What‘s the main idea about the passage?

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九(2013顺义2) Reading is very important. World Book Day falls on April 23 every year. It

encourages people, especially teenagers, to discover the pleasure of reading. It is also the day to honor great writers.

Many countries celebrate World Book Day. On that day, millions of school

children can buy books at a much lower price than usual in any bookstore in England. It has been done every year since 1998. World Book Day is also celebrated in China. Wen Jiabao, Premier of China, is an avid reader. He does lots of reading every day though he is very busy. On World Book Day 2009, he called on people to do more reading. Wen suggested that young people should spend more time reading. ―Books can not change the world, but people can change the world by changing themselves through reading,‖ he said.

Reading helps us become more knowledgeable and smarter. Reading helps us to follow the latest developments of science and technology. Reading gives us

information about other cultures and places in the world. Reading is also one of the most important ways to learn a foreign language like English. We all know that it is difficult to learn everything in the classroom, for example, the ways English people are living and working today can be learnt by reading. 新 课 标 第 一 网

Books, magazines, newspapers and other kinds of reading materials can help us to know more about the outside world. Therefore, it is necessary for us to spend time reading every day.

64. When is World Book Day?

65. What can the students do on that day in England?

66. Did World Book Day celebrate in China?

67. Why does World Book Day set up?

68. What‘s the passage mainly talking about? 十（2013燕山2）

Researchers find that people become happier and experience less worry after they reach the age of fifty. In fact, they say by the age of eighty-five, people are happier with their life than they were when they were eighteen years old.

The findings came from a survey of more than 340,000 adults in the United States. The Gallup (民意调查) Organization questioned them by telephone in 2008. At that time, the people were between the ages of eighteen and eighty-five. The researchers asked questions about emotions like happiness, sadness and worry. They also asked about mental or emotional stress.

Arthur Stone at Stony Brook University in New York led the study. His team found that levels of stress were highest among adults between the ages of twenty-two and twenty-five. The findings showed that stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties. Happiness was highest among the youngest adults and those in their early seventies. The people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their seventies and eighties.

Researchers say they do not know why happiness increases as people get older. One theory is that, as people grow older, they grow more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions. They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences.

Professor Stone says the emotional patterns could be linked to changes in how people see the world, or maybe even changes in brain chemistry.

The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children, being unemployed or being single. But they found that influences like these did not affect the levels of happiness and well-being related to age.

The study also showed that men and women have similar emotional patterns as they grow older. However, women at all ages reported more sadness, stress and worry than men.

64. How many people were questioned to do the survey?

65. What were the questions in the survey about?

66. Who were happier according to the survey, people in their thirties or people in their sixties?

67. Could having children affect the levels of people’s happiness?

68. What does the writer want to tell us?

十一（2012石景山1）

There are nearly 400 different types of sharks, but only about 30 types have even been reported as attacking human beings.

The chances of being attacked by a shark are very small compared to other dangers. Many more people drown（溺死）in the ocean every year than are bitten by sharks. The low number of attacks that happen every year proves that sharks do not feed on humans if they have the choice. There are three types of shark attacks. The main one is known as a ?hit and run‘. The shark attacks because it thinks you are a fish, but when it tastes a human it decides not to eat you. The second type is called a ?bump and bite‘. The shark bumps you to find out if you are fit to be eaten and then bites you if it thinks you are. The third type is called a ?sneak‘. When attacking in this way, the shark waits for you to swim by and attacks you suddenly. The latter（后者的）two types of attack are more likely to be deadly for humans.

However, your chances of being attacked by a shark can be reduced if you follow the advice below.

? Do not swim in the dark. Sharks can still see you but you cannot see them.

? Do not swim if you are cut or if you have a fresh wound. Sharks can smell blood over a long

distance.

? Do not wear bright clothing or jewellery because sharks are attracted to colours and shiny

objects.

? Try and stay in groups, as sharks usually avoid large numbers of people.

Don‘t be frightened（受惊吓）by sharks as there is 30 times greater chance of being hit by lightning than being attacked by a shark.

64. Are there only 30 types of sharks in the world?

65. Are the chances of being attacked by a shark small or big compared to other dangers?

66. What are the two deadly shark attacks called?

67. Why should you try and stay in groups to avoid the shark attack?

68. What does the writer mainly tell us in the passage?