137.Oracle数据库SQL开发之 集合——填充集合元素

1. 填充变长数组元素

INSERT语句向customers_with_varray表中添加行。

如下： INSERT INTO customers_with_varray VALUES (

1, 'Steve', 'Brown',

t_varray_address(

'2 State Street, Beantown, MA, 12345',

'4 Hill Street, Lost Town, CA, 54321'

)

);

INSERT INTO customers_with_varray VALUES (

2, 'John', 'Smith',

t_varray_address(

'1 High Street, Newtown, CA, 12347',

'3 New Street, Anytown, MI, 54323',

'7 Market Street, Main Town, MA, 54323'

)

);

插入2行。

2. 填充嵌套表元素

用INSERT语句向CUSTOMERS_WITH_NESTED_TABLE中添加行，

插入如下：

INSERT INTO customers_with_nested_table VALUES (

1, 'Steve', 'Brown',

t_nested_table_address(

t_address('2 State Street', 'Beantown', 'MA', '12345'),

t_address('4 Hill Street', 'Lost Town', 'CA', '54321')

)

);

INSERT INTO customers_with_nested_table VALUES (

2, 'John', 'Smith',

t_nested_table_address(

t_address('1 High Street', 'Newtown', 'CA', '12347'),

t_address('3 New Street', 'Anytown', 'MI', '54323'), t_address('7 Market Street', 'Main Town', 'MA', '54323') )

);

插入两行。

 

第二篇：Oracle数据库维护常用SQL语句集合

Oracle数据库维护常用SQL语句集合（1）

进程相关：

1、 求当前会话的SID，SERIAL#

SELECT Sid, Serial#

FROM V$session

WHERE Audsid = Sys_Context('USERENV', 'SESSIONID');

2、 查询session的OS进程ID

SELECT p.Spid "OS Thread", b.NAME "Name-User", s.Program, s.Sid, s.Serial#, s.Osuser, s.Machine

FROM V$process p, V$session s, V$bgprocess b

WHERE p.Addr = s.Paddr

AND p.Addr = b.Paddr

And (s.sid=&1 or p.spid=&1)

UNION ALL

SELECT p.Spid "OS Thread", s.Username "Name-User", s.Program, s.Sid, s.Serial#, s.Osuser, s.Machine

FROM V$process p, V$session s

WHERE p.Addr = s.Paddr

And (s.sid=&1 or p.spid=&1)

AND s.Username IS NOT NULL;

3、根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql

SELECT /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */

Command_Type, Sql_Text, Sharable_Mem, Persistent_Mem, Runtime_Mem, Sorts,

Version_Count, Loaded_Versions, Open_Versions, Users_Opening, Executions,

Users_Executing, Loads, First_Load_Time, Invalidations, Parse_Calls,

Disk_Reads, Buffer_Gets, Rows_Processed, SYSDATE Start_Time,

SYSDATE Finish_Time, '>' || Address Sql_Address, 'N' Status

FROM V$sqlarea

WHERE Address = (SELECT Sql_Address

FROM V$session

WHERE Sid = &sid );

4、查找object为哪些进程所用

SELECT p.Spid, s.Sid, s.Serial# Serial_Num, s.Username User_Name,

a.TYPE Object_Type, s.Osuser Os_User_Name, a.Owner,

a.OBJECT Object_Name,

Decode(Sign(48 - Command), 1, To_Char(Command), 'Action Code #' || To_Char(Command)) Action, p.Program Oracle_Process, s.Terminal Terminal, s.Program Program,

s.Status Session_Status

FROM V$session s, V$access a, V$process p

WHERE s.Paddr = p.Addr

AND s.TYPE = 'USER'

AND a.Sid = s.Sid

AND a.OBJECT = '&obj'

ORDER BY s.Username, s.Osuser

5、查看有哪些用户连接

SELECT s.Osuser Os_User_Name,

Decode(Sign(48 - Command),1,To_Char(Command),

'Action Code #' || To_Char(Command)) Action,

p.Program Oracle_Process, Status Session_Status, s.Terminal Terminal, s.Program Program, s.Username User_Name,

s.Fixed_Table_Sequence Activity_Meter, '' Query, 0 Memory, 0 Max_Memory, 0 Cpu_Usage, s.Sid, s.Serial# Serial_Num FROM V$session s, V$process p

WHERE s.Paddr = p.Addr

AND s.TYPE = 'USER'

ORDER BY s.Username, s.Osuser

6、根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况

SELECT n.NAME, v.VALUE, n.CLASS, n.Statistic#

FROM V$statname n, V$sesstat v

WHERE v.Sid = &sid

AND v.Statistic# = n.Statistic#

ORDER BY n.CLASS, n.Statistic#

7、查询耗资源的进程（top session）

SELECT s.Schemaname Schema_Name,

Decode(Sign(48 - Command),

1, To_Char(Command), 'Action Code #' || To_Char(Command)) Action, Status Session_Status, s.Osuser Os_User_Name, s.Sid, p.Spid,

s.Serial# Serial_Num, Nvl(s.Username, '[Oracle process]') User_Name, s.Terminal Terminal, s.Program Program, St.VALUE Criteria_Value FROM V$sesstat St, V$session s, V$process p

WHERE St.Sid = s.Sid

AND St.Statistic# = To_Number('38')

AND ('ALL' = 'ALL' OR s.Status = 'ALL')

AND p.Addr = s.Paddr

ORDER BY St.VALUE DESC, p.Spid ASC, s.Username ASC, s.Osuser ASC

8、查看锁（lock）情况

SELECT /*+ RULE */

Ls.Osuser Os_User_Name, Ls.Username User_Name,

Decode(Ls.TYPE,

'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock',

'TX', 'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') Lock_Type, o.Object_Name OBJECT,

Decode(Ls.Lmode,

1, NULL, 2, 'Row Share', 3, 'Row Exclusive',

4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive',

NULL) Lock_Mode,

o.Owner, Ls.Sid, Ls.Serial# Serial_Num, Ls.Id1, Ls.Id2

FROM Sys.Dba_Objects o,

(SELECT s.Osuser, s.Username, l.TYPE, l.Lmode, s.Sid, s.Serial#, l.Id1, l.Id2

FROM V$session s, V$lock l

WHERE s.Sid = l.Sid) Ls

WHERE o.Object_Id = Ls.Id1

AND o.Owner <> 'SYS'

ORDER BY o.Owner, o.Object_Name

9、查看等待（wait）情况

SELECT Ws.CLASS, Ws.COUNT COUNT, SUM(Ss.VALUE) Sum_Value FROM V$waitstat Ws, V$sysstat Ss

WHERE Ss.NAME IN ('db block gets', 'consistent gets')

GROUP BY Ws.CLASS, Ws.COUNT

10、求process/session的状态

SELECT p.Pid, p.Spid, s.Program, s.Sid, s.Serial#

FROM V$process p, V$session s

WHERE s.Paddr = p.Addr;

11、求谁阻塞了某个session(10g)

SELECT Sid, Username, Event, Blocking_Session, Seconds_In_Wait, Wait_Time FROM V$session

WHERE State IN ('WAITING')

AND Wait_Class != 'Idle';

12、查会话的阻塞

col user_name format a32

SELECT /*+ rule */

Lpad(' ', Decode(l.Xidusn, 0, 3, 0)) || l.Oracle_Username User_Name,

o.Owner, o.Object_Name, s.Sid, s.Serial#

FROM V$locked_Object l, Dba_Objects o, V$session s

WHERE l.Object_Id = o.Object_Id

AND l.Session_Id = s.Sid

ORDER BY o.Object_Id, Xidusn DESC;

col username format a15

col lock_level format a8

col owner format a18

col object_name format a32

SELECT /*+ rule */

s.Username,

Decode(l.TYPE, 'tm', 'table lock', 'tx', 'row lock', NULL) Lock_Level,

o.Owner, o.Object_Name, s.Sid, s.Serial#

FROM V$session s, V$lock l, Dba_Objects o

WHERE l.Sid = s.Sid

AND l.Id1 = o.Object_Id(+)

AND s.Username IS NOT NULL;

13、求等待的事件及会话信息/求会话的等待及会话信息

SELECT Se.Sid, s.Username, Se.Event, Se.Total_Waits, Se.Time_Waited, Se.Average_Wait

FROM V$session s, V$session_Event Se

WHERE s.Username IS NOT NULL

AND Se.Sid = s.Sid

AND s.Status = 'ACTIVE'

AND Se.Event NOT LIKE '%SQL*Net%'

ORDER BY s.Username;

SELECT s.Sid, s.Username, Sw.Event, Sw.Wait_Time, Sw.State, Sw.Seconds_In_Wait

FROM V$session s, V$session_Wait Sw

WHERE s.Username IS NOT NULL

AND Sw.Sid = s.Sid

AND Sw.Event NOT LIKE '%SQL*Net%'

ORDER BY s.Username;

14、求会话等待的file_id/block_id

col event format a24

col p1text format a12

col p2text format a12

col p3text format a12

SELECT Sid, Event, P1text, P1, P2text, P2, P3text, P3 FROM V$session_Wait

WHERE Event NOT LIKE '%SQL%'

AND Event NOT LIKE '%rdbms%'

AND Event NOT LIKE '%mon%'

ORDER BY Event;

SELECT NAME, Wait_Time

FROM V$latch l

WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1

FROM (SELECT Sid, Event, P1text, P1, P2text, P2, P3text, P3 FROM V$session_Wait

WHERE Event NOT LIKE '%SQL%'

AND Event NOT LIKE '%rdbms%'

AND Event NOT LIKE '%mon%') x

WHERE x.P1 = l.Latch#);

15、求会话等待的对象

col owner format a18

col segment_name format a32

col segment_type format a32

SELECT Owner, Segment_Name, Segment_Type

FROM Dba_Extents

WHERE File_Id = &File_Id

AND &Block_Id BETWEEN Block_Id AND Block_Id + Blocks - 1;

16、求出某个进程，并对它进行跟踪

SELECT s.Sid, s.Serial#

FROM V$session s, V$process p

WHERE s.Paddr = p.Addr

AND p.Spid = &1;

Exec Dbms_System.Set_Sql_Trace_In_Session(&1, &2, TRUE); Exec Dbms_System.Set_Sql_Trace_In_Session(&1, &2, FALSE);

17、求当前session的跟踪文件

SELECT P1.VALUE || '/' || P2.VALUE || '_ora_' || p.Spid || '.ora' Filename FROM V$process p, V$session s, V$parameter P1, V$parameter P2 WHERE P1.NAME = 'user_dump_dest'

AND P2.NAME = 'instance_name'

AND p.Addr = s.Paddr

AND s.Audsid = Userenv('SESSIONID')

AND p.Background IS NULL

AND Instr(p.Program, 'CJQ') = 0;

18、求出锁定的对象

SELECT Do.Object_Name, Session_Id, Process, Locked_Mode

FROM V$locked_Object Lo, Dba_Objects Do

WHERE Lo.Object_Id = Do.Object_Id;

PL/SQL----触发器

创建触发器:

CREATE [OR REPLACE] TRIGGER <触发器名>

BEFORE|AFTER

INSERT|DELETE|UPDATE [OF <列名>] ON <表名>

[FOR EACH ROW]

WHEN (<条件>)

<pl/sql块>

关键字"BEFORE"在操作完成前触发;"AFTER"则是在操作完成后触发;

关键字"FOR EACH ROW"指定触发器每行触发一次.

关键字"OF <列名>" 不写表示对整个表的所有列.

WHEN (<条件>)表达式的值必须为"TRUE".

特殊变量:

:new --为一个引用最新的列值;

:old --为一个引用以前的列值;

这些变量只有在使用了关键字 "FOR EACH ROW"时才存在.且update语句两个都有,而insert只有:new ,delect 只有:old;

使用RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR

语法:RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(错误号(-20000到-20999),消息[,{true|false}]);

抛出用户自定义错误.

如果参数为'TRUE',则错误放在先前的堆栈上.

INSTEAD OF 触发器

INSTEAD OF 触发器主要针对视图（VIEW)将触发的dml语句替换成为触发器中的执行语句，而不执行dml语句.

oracle用SQL语句新建用户时的一个bug

如果是我们公司的测试员来测的话，一定会把这个问题算做严重BUG^_^ 我这次一定会坚决支持这个观点，因为此

问题至少折磨了我一个钟头：（

在SQL Plus里执行这条语句：

create user "yellow" identified by "gentleman";

你猜会发生什么结果？如果你是个oracle的老手估计一眼就看出来了，而新手的话（比如说我）肯定要在这里折磨

一段时间。因为执行完以后，提示添加成功，并且从oracle的企业管理器中可以看到也确实添加了yellow这个用户，

但是！如果要用yellow来登录会提示帐号或密码出错，没天理啊！

开头我还以为是权限，或者其他的原因，后来折磨了好久，才发现，oracle建用户时用户名为大写的时候才行。

把语句改成

create user "YELLOW" identified by "gentleman";再测一下，ok，可以登录了。

并且！这个时候用"yellow"来登录也可以，也就是说，登录时它是不分大小写的。不说它是bug都说不过去了^_^

-------------------------

附：oracle对用户的操作SQL语句

1.添加帐号：

create user "用户名" identified by "密码";

create user "用户名" identified by "密码" TABLESPACE "USERS" ACCOUNT UNLOCK; //添加帐号时，用户名不能为小写。否则将造成不能登录的问题。

2.授权:

grant "某角色" to "用户名";

grant 某系统权限 to "用户名";

3.修改密码

alter user "用户名" identified by "密码";

4.删除用户

drop user "用户名"

5.列举所有用户

select * from all_users;

禁用某个触发器

ALTER TRIGGER <触发器名> DISABLE

重新启用触发器

ALTER TRIGGER <触发器名> ENABLE

禁用所有触发器

ALTER TRIGGER <触发器名> DISABLE ALL TRIGGERS 启用所有触发器

ALTER TRIGGER <触发器名> ENABLE ALL TRIGGERS 删除触发器

DROP TRIGGER <触发器名