虚拟语气用法归纳

虚拟语气：表示所说的话不是事实，或不可能发生，只是说话人的一种说话人的主观愿望、假设、猜测、建议、或推测，一般用于条件句或某些动词之后。

? If I had seen you last night, I would have given the pen back to you.如果我昨天晚上看到你，我就把笔给回你。

? If it were to snow tomorrow, we would go skiing.如果明天下雪。我们就去滑雪。 注意

（1） 有时条件状语从句和主语谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词形式要

根据具体情况而加以调整。

? If I had followed your advice last night, I would not be in trouble now.如果我昨晚接受了你的建议，我现在就不会有麻烦了。

（2） 在正式文体中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were, should或had，可以省略if ,而将were,

should或had提到主语前，构成主谓倒装，在这种结构中，句首不能用助动词的缩略形式。

? Had it not been for your help, I could not have finished my work ahead of time.如果没有你的帮助，我就不能提前完成工作。

（3） 有时可以用with, without, but for短语，或连词otherwise, or或动词不定式来代替虚

拟条件句。

? Without/But for air (If there were no air)there would be no living things on the earth.要是没有空气，地球上就没有生物。

3.虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法

(1)as if/as though 引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中用虚拟语气，谓语动词用动词的过去式或过去完成式。（从句中如果用陈述语气则表示可能性非常大。）

? He looks as if he were over 30year old。他看上去好像有三十多岁了。（实际上没有） She talked as if she had seen the film before.她说得好像她以前看过这部电影一样。

（2）在由even if /even though 引导的让步状语从句中，主句和从句都要用虚拟语气（谓语动词的形式与含有条件状语从句的虚拟语气相同）。

? Even if Tony had been here just now, he couldn’t have given you any help.即使托尼刚才在这儿，他也不可能给你帮助。

(3)在in order that 或so that 引导的结果状语从句中，用虚拟语气，谓语动词多用

could/might(有时可用should)+动词原形。

? They climbed high up the mountain so that they could see farther.他们爬到山上高处去以

便看得更远。

4.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法

在“It is important/strange/natural/necessary that…” “It is suggested/demanded/ordered/ requested that…” “It is a pity/no wonder that…”等句型中，that引导的主语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。

? It is necessary that all the work(should)be done in time.必要的是所有的工作都要及时做。

5.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法

（1）在wish后的宾语从句中：

①表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去时；

②表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去完成式；

③表示与将来情况相反或将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词用should/would+动词原形。 ? I wish I were a bird.我希望我是一只鸟儿。

? We wish we hadn’t done that before.我们希望我们以前没有那样做。

? I wish she would come soon,我希望她很快来。

（2）在demand, insist,suggest,command.order,propose,request,desire,require,advise,prefer等动词后接的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”。

? They advised that the work(should)be done at once.他们建议马上开始工作。

? The teacher insisted that Collins (should)answer the question immediately.老师坚持要柯林

斯马上回答这个问题。

6．虚拟语气在表语从句或同位语从句中的用法

在demand,insist,suggestion,command,order,advice.request,plan,proposal等词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”。

? Harry’s proposal is that a new dining hall(should)be built in the school.哈里的提议是在学

校里建一间新的饭堂。

7.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法

在“It is(high/about)time that…”句型中。定语从句的谓语动词用过去式或“should+动词原形”。

? It is (high)time that we did our morning exercises,我们该做早操了。

8.虚拟语气在其他句型中的用法

（1）在would rather that…从句中，表示“愿望”，如果表示现在或将来要做的事，谓语动词用过去式;如果表示过去发生的动作，谓语动词用过去完成式。

? I would rather that you had finished your work yesterday.但愿你昨天就完成工作了。 ? I would rather that Tom went there .我宁愿汤姆去那儿。

（2）在“If only…”句型中，意为“但愿…” “要是…就好了”,谓语动词通常用过去式或过去完成式,表示一种强烈的愿望或遗憾。

? If only I knew the answer.要是我知道答案就好了。

（3）“may+动词原形”表示“祝愿”时，这时may必须放在句首。

? May you succeed! 祝你成功！

语法专练 用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. Don’t you think it necessary that he____________ (not send) to Miami but to New York?

2. If I __________ (can plan) to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel

through as much of it as possible.

3. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ________ (follow) your advice.

4. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _________ (not fall) in love, at

the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.

5. Who do you suggest__________ (send) to work there?

6. How I wish every family__________ (have) a large house with a beautiful garden!

7. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he__________ (score) a goal.

8. What_______ (happen), if Bob_________(walk) farther as far as the river bank?

9. He left orders that nobody____________ (leave) before the police arrived.

10. If you _________ (post) the postcard earlier, Joan_______ (receive) it the day before

yesterday.

11. He gave up his job in order that he_______ (find) a better one.

12. Without water, the earth_________ (cover) by desert.

13. If you_________ (study) hard before, you_________ (not fail) in the exam now.

14. If a stick is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it________ (break).

15. If there_______ (be) no subjunctive mood, English_________ (be) much easier.

 

第二篇：虚拟语气用法归纳

1、在非真实条件句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。非真实条件有以下三类：

（1）与现在事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下：

从句：过去时

主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形。如

If I were you, I would ask our teacher for advice.

如果我是你的话，我就请教老师。

（2）与过去事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下：

从句：过去完成时

主句：would/should/could/ might +have+动词过去分词。如

If I hadn’t taken the wrong bus, I wouldn’t have missed the contest. 如果我没有搭错车，我就不会不参加竞赛。

（3）与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下：

从句：过去时/should /were to +动词原形

主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形。如

If I had enough money next month, I would buy a copy of “The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English”.

如果我下个月有足够的钱，我就会买一本《现代高级英语学习词典》。

（4）混合时间条件句：主句和从句不一定用指同一时间的动词。如 If I had learned French, I would be able to interpret for our French friend. 假如我以前学过法语，现在就能给我们的法国朋友当翻译。

（注：if从句与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；而主句与现在事实相反，用would+动词原形。）

- 1 -

（5）含蓄条件句：有时假设的条件不通过条件从句来表示而含蓄在介词短语或上下文中。如： Without the warmth and light of the sun, the earth’s vegetation would die almost immediately.

没有太阳的热量和光，地球上的植物几乎会马上死去。

2、虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用：

（1）用于suggest, order, insist, demand等动词后的宾语从句，如

We suggested that they (should)make a trip to Hong Kong next year.

我建议他们明年去香港旅游。

（2）用于wish后的宾语从句

①与现在事实相反的愿望

句型：主语+wish+从句（主语+过去时…）

I wish I were you.

但愿我是你多好呀。

How I wish it wasn’t raining!

现在要是不下雨该多好啊！ （我多么希望现在不下雨。）

②与过去事实相反的愿望

句型：主语+wish+从句（主语+过去完成时…）

I wish I had learned more.

我多么希望我以前多学一些啊！

He wishes he hadn’t made the big mistake.

他要是不犯那个大错误该多好啊！

③与将来的愿望相反（愿望难以实现）

句型：主语+wish+从句（主语+过去将来时…）

- 2 -

The last chance has been lost. How he wishes he could have another chance.

最后一次机会失去了，他多么希望他能再有一次机会啊！

（3）用于as if (as though)引导的从句

在as if (as though)引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况，它们所引导的表示虚拟性比喻或方式的状语从句要用虚拟语气。动词形式和wish后面的从句中动词形式变化相同。

He speakes English as if he were an Englishman.

他说起英语好象他是个英国人似的。

They talked about the city as if (though) they had been there before.

他们谈论那座城市，就好像他们以前去过那儿似的。

He stood up as if (though) he would speak.

他站起来好像要发言似的。

注意：当as if (though)引导的从句用于动词seem, appear, look, sound, smell等后面时，as if (though)从句的谓语有时依句意需要，也可用陈述语气，表示说话者认为有可能是事实的事。试比较：

It seems as if she knew me.

好像他早就认识我似的。 （事实上他不认识我。）

It seems as if she knows me.

好像他认识我。 （事实上他认识我的可能性很大。）

（4）用于in order that ,so that引导的目的状语从句。如

The professor spoke slowly in reder that the listeners could hear hem clearly.

教授说的很慢，好让听众听清楚。

（5）用于It is (high) time引起的从句。如

- 3 -

It is time we stopped this practice. 现在是结束这种做法的时候了。

- 4 -