毛泽东思想对现代中国发展的现实意义

毛泽东思想对当今党建的指导意义

毛泽东思想中关于党的自身建设的理论经过了长期的形成与发展的过程，构成了一个科学的体系。结合当前党的执政条件的变化，毛泽东党建思想中一些理论观点仍旧值得关注。毛泽东思想中特别注重党员的思想上入党，指出理论和实践相结合的作风，和人民群众紧密地联系在一起的作风，以及自我批评的作风。这是当今党的建设中仍旧需要重点注重的地方，这关系到一个党发展的方向。其中还要求了全党警惕资产阶级思想的侵蚀，反对脱离群众的官僚主义，保持艰苦奋斗的作风。如今的中国，是改革开放的中国，时刻受到资产阶级思想的冲击，与资产阶级挂钩是党在建设上最敏感的地方，更需要坚持毛泽东思想中党建的指导，如若不然，党的本质就会变味，党的信仰就会被侵蚀。可见，毛泽东思想为中国共 产 党指明了正确的方向，当今的中国发展得如何快，党的信仰不能动摇，党的本质不能改变，这也说明了毛泽东思想对当今党建，以及未来党建的指导意义。

毛泽东思想与当今国防建设

毛泽东思想中提出了革命军队建设和军事战略的理论，系统地提出了建设人民军队的思想以及论述了要随着敌我力量对比的变化和战争发展的进程，正确地实行军事战略的转变，提出了必须加强国防，建设现代化革命武装力量和发展现代化国防技术的重要指导思想。这些思想及理论虽然是在建国前后时期提出，却对后来的中国，甚至国际有着深刻的影响。毛泽东军事思想既可以在军事方面为我们抵制当代军事思想中形形色色的错误观点和思潮，为正确地观察思考战争与和平、军事斗争与军事建设问题，提供一套科学的思路，又可以为我们新时期的国防和军队建设，特别是高技术条件下的建军与作战，提供研究新情况、探索新规律、解决新问题的锐利思想武器。并且，毛泽东思想中还创造性地把马克思主义的辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义引入军事领域，不仅系统地阐明了战争与政治、经济和地理的关系，深刻地揭示了战争的本质，科学地提出了军事辩证法的若干范畴，揭示了战争指导者认识战争运动的辩证过程，具有长期而普遍的学习与应用价值。毛泽东军事思想的影响已经超越国界，它曾是我军克敌制胜的法宝，而今更是在现代社会中具有普遍的适应性和融通性，在世界军事思想史上占有重要的地位，成为全世界革命人民的共同财富，并将永远载入人类进步事业的史册。

毛泽东思想与当今社会主义建设

毛泽东思想中包含着社会主义革命和社会主义建设理论，提出了把对人民内部的民主和对反动派的专政互相结合起来技术人民民主专政的理论，为我国的社会主义建设创造了重要的政治条件。并且，我们现在执行的方针、政策、理论、观点有很多都是毛泽东时代提出并继承下来的。比如,关于科技在社会主义现代化建设中的作用问题,毛泽东多次讲到全党要学科学,学技术。关于社会主义制度下发展商品生产的必要性问题,毛泽东在《关于社会主义商品生产问题》中强调,要有计划地大大发展社会主义的商品生产,不要一提商品生产就发愁,觉得这是资本主义的东西,这种观点不对,没有认识社会主义商品生产和资本主义商品生产的

区别不懂得社会主义条件下发展商品生产的重要性。还有如何严格区分和正确处理敌我矛盾和人民内部矛盾的思想。这些都对我们当今社会主义有着深刻的启示作用，对中国特色社会主义建设道路的探索具有重要的指导意义。

毛泽东思想与当代政治与文化的发展

当代中国的政治发展，只能建立在人民民主专政、人民代表大会制度、中国共 产 党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度、民族区域自治制度等各项不可移易的基本制度之上，而关于这些基本制度的阐述，正是毛泽东政治思想的基本内容。同时，毛泽东等关于正确处理人民内部矛盾是国家政治生活的主题的思想，关于造成一个既有民主又有集中，既有纪律又有自由，既有统一意志又有个人心情舒畅、生动活泼的政治局面的思想，关于扩大民主、反对官僚主义的思想，关于制定比较完备的法律、健全中国法制的思想，关于我国人民政治生活中判断言论和行动是非的标准的思想等等，对当前的社会主义政治体制改革和政治文明建设具有显著与直接的现实价值。并且，提出了在党与民主党派的关系上要实行“长期共存，互相监督”的方针。而如今，党的腐败不断侵蚀着党，正如胡锦涛书记在十八大所言：“腐败问题解决不好，甚至会亡党亡国”。可见，我们仍需严格坚持毛泽东思想中对党的监督，不断改进以解决党的腐败问题。而文化中百花齐放，百家争鸣和古为今用，洋为中用，推陈出新以及“向科学进军”的思想对现代中国仍有借鉴的价值所在。如今的中国是多元化的中国，我们不能固守某种思想，而是要借鉴和吸收各种思想的先进性，集百家之所成，然后不断创新，方可更进一步促进现代中国的发展。

毛泽东思想与现代中国的经济发展

毛泽东思想中包含着丰富的关于中国经济发展的观点。例如：关于以农轻重为序、协调处理各种经济关系的中国工业化道路的思想；关于在综合平衡中稳步前进、统筹兼顾和自力更生为主、争取外援为辅的经济建设的指导方针；关于正确处理公有制内部及其与其他经济成分之间关系的经济体制改革思想；关于计划与市场及其相互关系、商品与价值规律、中央与地方的关系以及企业内部的改革等一系列涉及经济运行机制和管理体制的思考等。虽然如今的中国已不同于昔日的中国，改革开放给中国带来了崭新的外貌，但是这些思想对现代经济发展仍有借鉴的价值所在，特别是毛泽东的战略思想。当今的经济社会太复杂，涉及到社会的方方面面太多，以致于难以找出带动社会发展的战略。如果以借用毛泽东的战略思想，，在战略的高度上统领全局，战略的高度上统领现代的经济发展，特别是从产业，我想也有利于社会经济的发展。

总而言之，毛泽东思想不是在个别方面，而是在许多方面以其独创性理论丰富和发展了马克思列宁主义，构成一个博大精深的科学思想体系。他有着坚实的中国化马克思主义哲学思想的理论基础，其核心和精髓就是实事求是。它仅仅围绕着中国革命和建设这个主题，提出了一系列相互关联的重要的理论的观点。虽然时代在发展，改革开放在前进，现代中国的面貌不断更新，但中国的本质不会变，中国的信仰和理想不会变。毛泽东思想经过了中国革命和建设长期实践的检验，已被证明是颠扑不破的科学真理，对现代中国的各方面发展都有指导意义与现实意义。

 

第二篇：驳斥文范文

Computers and Education in America

--Dudley Erskine Devlin

INTRODUCTION PART:

(Background/ Hook)

In the last decade, computers have invaded every aspect of education, from kindergarten through college. The figures show that schools have spent over two billion dollars installing two million new computers. Recently, with the explosive increase of sites on the Internet, computers have taken another dramatic rise. In just five years, the number of Internet hosts has skyrocketed from 2 million to nearly 20 million. It is not uncommon for 6th graders to surf the Net, design their own home pages, and e-mail their friends or strangers they have "met" on the Web. Computer literacy is a reality for many junior high students and most high school students.

(Ask questions/ State thesis)

In the midst of this technological explosion, we might well stop and ask some key questions. Is computer technology good or bad for education? Are students learning more or less? What, exactly, are they learning? And who stands to benefit from education's current infatuation with computers and the Internet?

In the debate over the virtues of computers in education, the technological optimists think that computers and the Internet are ushering us into the next literacy revolution, a change as profound as Gutenberg's invention of the printing press. In contrast, a much smaller but growing number of critics believe that cyberspace is not the ideal classroom. I agree with the critics. If you consider your own experience, you'll agree that the benefits of computer literacy are at best wildly overrated. At their worst, computers and the Internet pander to the short attention spans and the passive viewing habits of a young television generation.

(Preview the target points)

The technological optimists sing a siren song of an enchanted new land where the educational benefits of computers and the Internet are boundless. First, they boast that children can now access information on every conceivable subject. If little Eva or little Johnny wants to learn about far-away cultures, they can access sites from their own homes that will teach them about the great languages and cultures of the world. Second, these starry-eyed optimists warble about how the Internet has created a truly democratic space, where all children--rich, poor, black, white, and brown--have equal access to information and education. Third, they claim that computers will allow students to have e-mail conversations with experts on any subject around the world. No longer will students be limited by their own classroom, their teacher, or their environment. Distance learning is the wave of the future, and classrooms will become obsolete or at least optional. In the words of John Sculley, former CEO of Apple Computer, the new technologies have created an "avalanche of personal creativity and achievement" and they have given students the "ability to explore, convey, and create knowledge as never before." Children who used to hate going to school will now love to learn to read and write, to do math and science. They will voluntarily spend hours learning on the Web instead of being bored to death by endless books and stodgy teachers.

BODY PART:

(Refute point by point) Sound too good to be true? Let's examine these claims, one by one. First, promoters of computer learning are endlessly excited about the quantity of information available on the Internet. The reality, however, is quite a different story. If you've worked on the Internet, you know that finding and retrieving information from a Web site can sometimes be tedious and time consuming. And once you find a site, you have no idea whether the information will be valuable. Popular search engines such as Yahoo! are inefficient at finding relevant information, unless you just want to buy a book on Amazon.com or find a street map for Fargo, North Dakota. Information is definitely available on the Web, but the problem is finding relevant, reliable, and non-commercial information.

Next, the optimists claim that the Internet is truly a democratic space with equal access for everyone. Again, the reality falls short. First, access to an Internet provider at home costs over a hundred dollars a month, once you add up service and long distance fees. And then there's the technology barrier--not every person has the skills to navigate the Web in any but the most superficial way. Equal access is still only a theoretical dream, not a current reality.

Finally, computers do allow students to expand their learning beyond the classroom, but the distance learning is not a utopia. Some businesses, such as Hewlett Packard, do have mentoring programs with children in the schools, but those mentoring programs are not available to all students. Distance learning has always been a dream of administrators, eager to figure out a cheaper way to deliver education. They think that little Eva and Johnny are going to learn about Japanese culture or science or algebra in the evening when they could be talking with their friends on the phone or watching television. As education critic Neil Postman points out, these administrators are not imagining a new technology but a new kind of child: "In [the administrator's] vision, there is a confident and typical sense of unreality. Little Eva can't sleep, so she decides to learn a little algebra? Where does little Eva come from? Mars?" Only students from some distant planet would prefer to stick their nose in a computer rather than watch TV or go to school and be with their friends.

(Supplement)

In addition to these drawbacks are other problems with computers in education. There is the nasty issue of pornography and the rampant commercialism on the Internet. Schools do not want to have their students spend time buying products or being exposed to pornography or pedophiles. Second, the very attractiveness of most Web sites, with their color graphics and ingenious links to other topics, promotes dabbling and skimming. The word "surfing" is appropriate, because most sites encourage only the most surface exploration of a topic. The Internet thus accentuates what are already bad habits for most students: Their short attention spans, their unwillingness to explore subjects in depth, their poor reading and evaluation skills. Computers also tend to isolate students, to turn them into computer geeks who think cyberspace is actually real. Some students have found they have a serious and addictive case of "Webaholism," where they spend hours and hours on the computer

at the expense of their family and friends. Unfortunately, computers tend to separate, not socialize students. Finally, we need to think about who has the most to gain or lose from computers in the schools. Are administrators getting more students "taught" for less money? Are big companies training a force of computer worker bees to run their businesses? Will corporate CEO's use technology to isolate and control their employees?

CONCLUSION PART:

(Restate thesis/ Make analogs/ Offer other solutions)

In short, the much ballyhooed promise of computers for education has yet to be realized. Education critic, Theodore Roszak has a warning for us as we face the brave new world of computer education.

Like all cults, this one has the intention of enlisting mindless allegiance and acquiescence. People who have no clear idea of what they mean by information or why they should want so much of it are nonetheless prepared to believe that we live in an Information Age, which makes every computer around us what the relics of the True Cross were in the Age of Faith: emblems of salvation.

I think if you examine your own experience with computers, you'll agree that the cult of computers is still an empty promise for most students. Computers, the Internet, and the Web will not magically educate students. It still must be done with reading, study, good teaching, and social interaction. Excellence in education can only be achieved the old fashioned way--students must learn it.

Punishing the Girls

Every year, more than one million teenagers become pregnant. 84% of them are unintended pregnancies. About half of those seek abortion. Many teenagers who seek abortion come from dysfunctional, abusive, or single parent family. In 38 states of America, a minor must have a parental consent or judicial bypass in order to go through abortion. This is a problem because the law pushes these young women to choose more dangerous options: running away, attempt to suicide, or unsafe abortion. In some cases, such as the case seen in 20/20, some teens even end up killing their newborn or "trashing" their babies in garbage cans. The law "only punishes those girls who come form dysfunctional families," whose parents are not so supportive (Gordon 41). Again, notice that the writer uses the MLA format.

First, we must do everything to bring down the teen pregnancy rates. We must teach our teens the effects of sexual behavior. We must be takes steps to prevent the high rates of teen pregnancy. The parents must talk to their teens about sex and try to set a value in their children and teach them about the sexual misconduct. We must spend more money to educate our teens and make contraceptive more available.

However, because doing the above will only reduce the rates, not stop them, we must protect the teens from abusive background by allowing them to choose abortion without informing their parents. The pregnant teen who has a loving, supportive family is already protected by their family. The law must protect the unfortunate ones who do not have such supportive, loving family.

In this highly controversial issue, there are many counter arguments, which oppose my solution. One of the highly misled arguments is the medical issue. Those who support parental involvement say that adolescents who undergo abortion have a greater risk of complications in future pregnancies. A result of study done in John Hopkins University states that girls under the age eighteen who have abortions are two and a half times more likely than women ages twenty to twenty-nine to have inflammation of the uterus (Clark 444). It is obvious that abortion does not bring exciting health benefits to teens or any...

...other group of women. However, to teenage girls, abortion is actually safer than childbirth. Girls ages fifteen to nineteen are twenty four times more likely to die from childbirth than from first-trimester legal abortions (Clark 444). Although I cannot praise the some of the possible harmful effects, which follow the procedure of abortion, it is evident that a teenager has a choice, and that abortion is safer than childbirth for a teenager.

Another aspect argued by my opponents is that the parents will lose their rights. Parents all across the country are worried that the law will prohibit them from protecting their children (Gordon 444-445). What many of my opponents do not realize is that the parental consent law is a "secondary strategy to banning abortion". Anti-abortion activists do most of "lobbying for parental involvement law" (Clark 445). We must not be tricked by the disguised parental right that was intentionally aimed to stop abortion.

I cannot argue against the love and concern that parents have for their teens. However, I can argue for those girls who desperately need the law to be legalized; they don't have that loving, concerned parents who will help them in such crisis.

Some people also argue that some teens are not mature enough. The thought of a thirteen year old waling into an abortion clinic is horrifying to most adults. However, the public needs to realize that teenagers are entitled to make their own decision about their lives. Experts like Joyce Kennard (SmithE-1) and San Francisco Superior Judge,

Maxine Machesney both agree that great majority of minors are capable of making fully informative choices about abortion (Hager A-1).

Opponents also argue that teenagers will lose responsibilities. They believe that if minor disallowed to have an abortion, then teen pregnancy rate and teen abortion rate will go up. They argue as if legalization of such law will enable every minor to engage in sexual intercourse, become pregnant, and get an abortion behind their parents' back. This is not only misleading, but it argues against the fact. The fact is, not every teenager is sexually active. Forty-six percent female and twenty seven percent maleteenagers are not sexually active (Scheer B-7). Not all teenagers who are sexually active become pregnant. Not all teenagers who do become pregnant choose abortion. 58% of pregnant teens choose childbirth Clark 443). Their argument oversimplifies and generalizes all teenagers. We must acknowledge the responsible teenagers who are choosing abstinence. Responsible teenagers will not suddenly become promiscuous and go on a rapid reproductive rage.

The people who oppose my view points have one thing in common: they think, if we pass the law that allows minors to have abortion, America will be overcrowded by the babies born from teenage mothers. The fundamental purpose of this law is to protect the unfortunate teenagers from their abusive family and the dangerous options they might choose.