高中作文写作：议论文

议论文的三要素

论点，论据和论证是议论文的三要素，论点是作者对所论问题所持的见解和主张；论据是用来证明论点的事实和道理的根据；论证就是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。一般来说，议论文每段应有主题句（topic sentence）来确定论点。文章结尾往往提出自己的看法、意见或建议，表示对某一现象或论点的赞成或反对。论证有立论和驳论两种，作者证明自己的论点正确，是立论；反之，证明别人的论点错误，是驳论。

议论文的注意事项

1. 论点要鲜明，不可含糊其辞；论据要充分，要能充分证明观点的命题性，论据过程要条理清晰。

2. 文章安排逻辑性要强，推理要严密。

3. 重在说理，以理服人。

4. 主要使用现在时态。

5. 中学英语书面表达所要求的议论文，是一种限定性的写作，其论点、论据和论证都比较明确，有的文章提出问题，如：……为什么？/……怎么办？/……该采取什么措施？考生可以结合题目要求阐述相关的观点，切忌随意发挥。

★议论文模板

一、正反观点式议论文模板

导入：第1段：

Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should…（导入话题）

Our opinions are divided on this topic.（观点有分歧）

正文：

第2段：Most of the students are in favor of it.（正方观点）

Here are the reasons. First… Second…Finally…（列出2~3个赞成的理由）

第3段：

However, the others are strongly against it.（反方观点）

Their reasons are as follows. In the first place… What’s more…  In addition…（列出2~3个反对的理由）

结论：第4段：

Personally speaking ,the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more good than harm, so I support it （个人观点）

二、“A”或者“B”类议论文模板：

导入：第1段

Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.

正文：第2段

There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that… Another reason is that… (赞同A的原因)

第3段：

All these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that A is superior to B in many ways.…(得出结论)

三、观点论述类议论文模板：

导入：第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题

As a student, I am strongly in favor of the decision. (亮明自已的观点是赞成还是反对)

The reasons for this may be listed as follows. （过渡句，承上启下）

正文：第2段：

First of all… Secondly…Besides…（列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由）

结论：第3段：

In conclusion, I believe that… (照应第1段，构成“总—分—总”结构)

四、连贯地连接信息

（1）常用的过渡词（组）

1. 表示并列 what’s more, in addition, too ,as well ,besides, furthermore, moreover ,what’s worse.

2. 表示因果 therefore, for this reason, thus, consequently.

3. 表示转折 but, however, on the contrary, instead, on one hand… on the other hand

4. 表示时间顺序 later, afterwards, from then on ,eventually, in the meantime, then, at the same time, after a while, at present, after that, finally

5. 表示列举 first, to begin with, secondly, first of all, then, next, finally

6. 举例说明 such as, for example, for instance, take… for example

7. 表示让步 nevertheless, still

8. 表示对比 on the contrary, in contrast, similarly

9. 陈述事实 in fact, actually ,as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth

10. 表示总结 in a word, in short, to sum up, in conclusion, on the whole, to conclude, in brief, in summary, in general, all in all

11. 表示意义重复 that’s to say, in other words, to put it in another way, to put it differently

12. 表示强调 above all, more importantly, indeed, without any doubt

(2)常用的过渡句式有：

1. I do agree with…               2. In some way, I agree with…,but…

3. This point sounds right, but…     4. However, I think…

5. I definitely believe…            6. In my opinion/view, …

7. Personally, I feel that…/ Personally, I agree with…

8. As far as I’m concerned,…

9. I can’t agree more with the father. Such cases are often seen in our life

10. Attitudes towards…are various.      11. for one thing. …..for another

12. last but not the least….

(3)表达观点

（4）引用    俗话说/常言道

There goes the old saying…        As the saying goes…      There is a saying…

As a proverb says…    As we all know…

（5）常用句子

1. Different people (students) have different ideas.

2. Different people look at …in different ways.

3. 60% of the students hold the view that…   

  On the other hand, 40% believe that …

4. Opinions on the question are divided as follows:  70% of the students think that…..

  On the other hand, 30% don’t like the idea of….

5. I’d love to give my opinion about…..

6. There are many advantages in… First….Second,… Third… 

  However , there are some disadvantages as well……. Besides,

五、写作模板（优缺对比）

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over ( the issue that)       （作文主题）.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in       （题目议题）.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly,      (优点一). And secondly      （优点二）.

Just as a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”,       (讨论议题) is no exception, and in another word ,it still has negative aspects. To begin with,       (缺点一).In addition,    (缺点二).

To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of       (讨论议题) into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the        (讨论议题)

关于：Should smoking be banned?  写一篇议论文

典型错误：

1.  There are many people die of smoking.

1. Government
2. 论据不充分
3. 时态混乱
4. 条理不清，段落不分

范文一：              Should smoking be banned?

    Should smoking be banned? The answer to this question varies greatly.    

    Some people are in favor of the idea of smoking. They always say that it can get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed. And they also say that giving and being given cigarettes is a sign of friendship. Therefore, they carry cigarettes with them wherever they go.

    But other people consider it very harmful to people’s health. They have heard the official reports that one person in the world dies from smoking every second. And they have heard the doctors’ warning that smokers are more likely to have lung cancer and increase their chances of having heart attack. In addition, smoking pollutes the air and may cause fire accidents. Thus it has become a major threat to people’s life and property.

There is some truth in both arguments. In my opinion, human’s life and property outweighs anything else. If smoking brings us illness and death, why not have it banned by the government? Without cigarettes, can’t we come up with better way to express our friendship and to make us refreshed?

范文二：                 Should smoking be banned?

     Tobacco was introduced to Europe after the discovery of America. From then on, more and more people become smokers. People are also arguing whether smoking should be banned. Generally, the advantages and disadvantages can be listed as follows.

     On one hand, there are many advantages of banning smoking. To begin with, smoking is harmful to health. Many people die of smoking or passive smoking, which can worsen lung diseases. A ban on smoking, however, is helpful to stop smoking. In addition, it costs a lot of money to treat smokers who get diseases because of smoking, such as heart disease or lung cancer. For families, if a ban on smoking were carried out, they would avoid suffering too much economic difficulty.

    On the other hand, if they banned smoking, the government would lose a lot of money from taxes on cigarettes. What’s more, farmers who plant tobacco to make a living would be poor if smoking were banned.

     So we naturally come to the conclusion that it is difficult to say whether it is good to ban smoking.

练习：

近年来，在大学新生入学时，媒体对“父母护送子女上学”的现象作了一些报道，引发了许多讨论，赞同和不同的声音都有。如某英语报记者对你进行采访，征求对此现象的看法，请根据下表提示，用英语写一篇议论文，表达自己的观点，并说明理由。

内容提要：

1. 只能选择写一种观点，赞同或不赞同；除提示外还可适当增加你认为重要的理由；

2. 短文开头已分别给出，请把所选的开头句子抄写到答题卡上，然后接着写。开头句子不计入总词数；

3. 词数：120 左右。

参考词汇：放心feel relieved;新生 freshman