20xx年全国公共英语三级考试作文概述及经典辅导

本文重点给大家讲讲PETS三级作文的应试技巧。

一、PETS三级作文概述(含A、B两节)

三级写作由A、B两节组成，考查考生的书面表达能力。

A节：考生根据所给情景(英/中文)写出约100词(不计算标点符号)的简单信件、便笺等。考查写作信件、通告、便条等简单应用文的能力，包括应用文的固定格式、如信件的称呼、署名、结尾套语等。分值为10分。

B节：考生根据所给情景，写出一篇不少于120词(不计算标点符号)的文章。提供情景的形式有图画、图表、文字等。考查写说明性或议论性文章的能力。分值为20分。

二、应用文写作

三级A节主要考查考生应用文写作的能力。在应用文中又主要考查书信、通知和便条三种，下面分别介绍这三种文体的写作。

(一) 书信

书信分为公函和私函。二者主要区别在对象和内容。前者如资讯信、推荐信，后者如问候信、邀请信。书信的构成一般为：

1. Heading(信头)：信头是指发信人的单位名称、地址、电话号码、电报挂号等，以及发信日期。发信人的名称和地址等应写在信纸的右上角，即在日期的上边。日期也可以写在信纸后的签名下边。

2. Inside Address(信内地址(这部分只应用于正式商业书信))：信内地址是收信人的地址包括姓名、职务、公司名称、街道名称或信箱号、城市、州或省、邮政编码和国家。信内地址通常写在左手边，在日期线和称呼之间。

3. Salutation(称呼)：称呼一般低于信内地址两行，与之平齐。一般在人名前加上dear并冠以尊称，具体如下：

(1) Mr.(Mister)，用于无职衔的男子。

(2) Mrs. ( Mistress)，用于已婚女子。

(3) Miss 用于未婚女子。

(4) Misses(Miss的复数)，用于复数未婚女子。

(5) Dr.(Doctor)，用于博士。

(6) Pro.(Professor)，用于大学教授。

(7) Ms. 用于女士通称。

4. Body of Letter(信的正文)：正文内容一般包括下面几点：写信人身份，写信事由，写信的理由，写信的目的。考场书信一般讲究简单准确，不需辞藻华丽。

5. Comp1imentary Close(结束语)：信尾问候语是写在信尾的告别话语，例如“Sincerely”，“Sincerely yours”。通常位于正文两三行以下。第一个单词的第一个字母要大写，最后以逗号结尾。

6. Signature(签名)：写信人的签名、名字和头衔(如果适用)，写在信尾问候语同侧三四行以下的位置。

7. Postscript(附言)：附言用来说明没有包括在信中的想法和内容。通常在附注下两三行的地方，从左侧顶格写起。在促销和私人信件中，附言也可以用来强调写信人请求收信人采取的行动和做出的考虑。

书信写作是PETS三级应用文写作的重中之重，考试机率很大。下面再从往年考生暴露出来的问题谈谈书信写作应注意的几个方面：

1.明确试题要求

一般来讲，应用作文试题会在字数、话题、情景和作者身份等方面提出要求。考生应认真读，积极构思，确定文章所要表现的主题。

2.确定读者

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应用文写作要求在写作之前明确读者身份，根据情景，根据自己与虚拟读者的关系确定文章的语气和措辞。

3.注意格式

PETS三级的应用文写作多以信函为主。因此应熟悉信函的格式。主要是信头、称呼、结尾。

4.用词得当、语法准确、标点拼写无误

写作完毕要认真 检查 ，避免有关语法、拼写和标点的错误。

(二)通知

通知是上级对下级、组织对成员或平行单位之间部署工作、传达事情或召开会议等所使用的应用文。通知的写法有两种，一种是以布告形式贴出，把事情通知有关人员，如学生、观众等，通常不用称呼;另一种是以书信的形式，发给有关人员，次种通知写作形式同普通书信，只要写明通知的具体内容即可。通知要求言简意赅、措辞得当、时间及时

布告形式的通知：通常此类通知上方正中写Notice或NOTICE(通知)，发出通知的单位的具体名称可放在正文前，也可放在正文后，右下角处，发出通知的日期写在左下角处。书信形式的通知格式和一般书信类似。

(三)便条

便条其实是简单化的书信。在格式和内容上都比书信简单。一般不需要写发信人的地址，因为彼此都比较熟悉。所以，对收件人的称呼语也比较自由，语言更接近口语。结尾的落款和客套话也常常省略。

三、短文写作

写作的B节要求根据所给情景，写出一篇不少于120字的文章。情景主要是图表、数据或图画。考试中，最多出现的是图表写作与图画写作两种，下面分别介绍。

(一) 图表写作

图表写作往往是用数据或比例来表示相关因素的相互关系和变化规律，从而说明一定的道理。常见的图表有：表格、扇形图、线性图、条形图和柱形图。图标写作应注意以下几个方面：

1.仔细看图，全面领会图表中的信息。

2.根据题目的要求，认真分析图表中的信息，得出结论，构思文章的整体布局。

3.严格按照题目要求写作。

4.引用图标数据要有针对性。

要写好图表作文，应该熟悉图表写作的常用句型，这样既能节约时间，又可以使文章显得较专业。下面给出图表概述或描述中常用的句型：

1. As is shown by the graph, ?? (概述图表)/in the table.

2. It can be seen from the table that ?? (得出结论)

shown graph/concluded figures/estimated statistics

3. ? amount to ??(数量总计)/add up to/come to /sum up to

4. ? increase from ? to ? (数量增减)

decrease/rise/fall /drop

5.(be)three times as + 形容词 + as

总产量 total output

钢的年产量 the annual output of

上升17% rise by 17 per cent steel

日产量 the daily output

导致产量下降 result in a diminished output

6.Compared with ? , (作比较)

7.There is (was) a rapid rise in ? be on the rise/has

been sharp increase on the increase/sudden decrease

on the decline/steady decline/gradual fall/slow drop

(二)图画写作

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图画写作就是通过图画提供的图象信息写一篇短文，包括叙述一故事，或通过几幅相关的图画说明某个问题或得出结论。书面表达试题要求考生从图像信息中分辨或综合作文主题的层次，然后写出不少于120字的短文。就看图作文内容而言，是要求考生写出观察到的背景，也可以借助想象力适当地进行发挥来补充一些内容;从看图作文的表达方式看，此类作文可以单纯地理解、说明、也可以在说明中加以描写、叙述，另外还可以将图画中的内容改编成故事。

看图作文不仅考查考生对图形的观察力和想象力，而且也考查考生分析能力、概括能力。做好看图作文试题其实不难，考生在平时一定要读一些范文，学习范文写作的套路。看图作文的写作步骤：

1.认真审题，理解图画中的主题、梗概。

看图作文的第一步应该是“看图”，根据题目要求认真、细心地观看图画，看看图中都有什么。包括人物及人物的动作、行为、装饰、表情和与他们有联系的物品及物品的形态、位置、大小，画的背景等。

2.罗列写作大纲。

在图画写作中，写作大纲十分重要，它可以帮你防止遗漏写作要点，又能帮助合理分配和利用时间。

3.增加细节、连续成文。

在大纲的基础上添枝加叶，润色成文。注意写完后同样要进行仔细的 检查 ，看有无语法、拼写、标点错误。

四、总结

上面介绍了两大类型——应用文和看图作文——的写作需要注意的问题和一些技巧，事实上，在考试中考生总会出现这样那样的问题，导致作文的不理想，而在总结作文不理想的原因时，及时发现问题并解决问题，对写好作文有很大帮助。下面总结一下作文不理想的几大常见原因：

第一、英语底子太薄。底子太薄主要表现为对语法知识掌握不牢及对基本 词汇 记忆不清。它包括定冠词和不定冠词的滥用，主谓不一致，单复数搞不清楚(例如：a people等)，时态和语态混乱及词语的各种形式掌握不牢。有的考生文章写得很长，字迹也很工整，但是读完之后只觉得思路紊乱，支离破碎，没有一个完整的句子，所以也就只能得两三分以慰劳苦。

第二、词汇量太小，且对已学词汇记忆不清。除了底子太薄这个原因之外，考生词汇量太小也是一个不容忽视的原因。有的考生汉语功底很好，用汉语作文，他们就会思如泉涌，下笔千言，但是一到用英语作文就好像被缚住了手脚，不知如何下手。比另外有的考生虽然对题目及要求非常清楚，但是因为自己所掌握的词汇所限，无法用一些合适的词来表达自己的 思想 ，于是只有绕着题目翻来覆去乱说一气。词汇的有限导致许多考生有口难言，欲说不能，对他们来说，用英语作文实在是一件很头疼的事情

第三、缺乏 思想 ，深度不够。很多考生写出的文章着眼点低，视野狭窄。举出来的例子是范围太窄，大多是讲老板或领导让干的事只能答 “Yes”而不能回答 “No”。其实除了这些，可举的例子很多，关键是要抓住实质。

第四、缺乏应试技巧。主要表现为有些考生在篇首或篇尾有喊口号倾向(如Dear friends, let‘s not hesitate to say “No”)，或画蛇添足，本来文章该结束了却偏要罗罗嗦嗦再来两句多余的话;另外一些考生字数把握不准，不是写得太短就是写得太长，写得太短的会因为字数不够而失分，太长的又因为阅卷老师任务繁重，时间窘迫，不能因为一篇文章乱了整个阅卷节奏。还有一些考生的笔迹(尤其是用纯蓝墨水钢笔和出水太浅的圆珠笔写的)，让阅卷老师怎么也看不清楚。

以上是 PETS 三级英语考试中常见的几个问题。要写好一篇英语文章，关键要在平时下功夫，打好牢固的基础，但是如果这一功夫在使用的时候不讲技巧，不但不能事半功倍地发挥出最高技巧，取得最佳成绩，甚至可能出现与实际水平相去甚远的低成绩。因此，上面讲到的四个问题应该是相辅相成，缺一不可的，做到了这几点，写出好的作文应该是不难的。

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第二篇：全国英语等级考试作文句型

以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的1-2个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。　　1.表示原因1)There are three reasons for this.2)The reasons for this are as follows.3)The reason for this is obvious.4)The reason for this is not far to seek.5)The reason for this is that.……6)We have good reason to believe that.……　　例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life. Firstly，people's living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly， most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or like. Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life. 注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。　　2.表示好处1)It has the following advantages.2)It does us a lot of good.3)It benefits us quite a lot.4)It is beneficial to us.5)It is of great benefit to us.　　例如：Books are like friends. They can help us know the world better， and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore， reading extensively is of great benefit to us.　　3.表示坏处1)It has more disadvantages than advantages.2)It does us much harm.3)It is harmful to us.　　例如：However， everything divides into two.Television can also be harmful to us. It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.　　4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1)It is important(necessary，difficult，convenient， possible)for sb.to do sth.2)We think it necessary to do sth.3)It plays an important role in our life.　　例如：Computers are now being used everywhere， whether in the government，in schools or in business.Soon， computers will be found in every home，too. We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.　　5.表示措施1)We should take some effective measures.2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties.3)We should do our utmost in doing sth.4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.例如： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious. Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it.　　6.表示变化1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years.2)A great change will certainly be produced in the world's communications.3)The computer has brought about many changes in education.　　例如： Some changes have taken place in people's diet in the past five years. The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays， more and

more people are switching from grain to meat for protein， and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.　　7.表示事实、现状1)We cannot ignore the fact that.……2)No one can deny the fact that.……3)There is no denying the fact that.……4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.5)However，that's not the case.　　例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution. To solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution. The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.　　8.表示比较1)Compared with A，B.……2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV.3)There is a striking contrast between them.　　例如：Compared with cars， bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly， they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly， they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least， they contribute to people's health by giving them due physical　1、... the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read， etc)... the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read， etc)　　例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。　　Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。　　2、Nothing is + ~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V　　例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。3、 ... cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.(再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。)　　例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。　　4、There is no denying that + S + V ……(不可否认的……)　　例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。　　5、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子(全世界都知道……)　　例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。　　6、There is no doubt that + 句子(毫无疑问的……)　　例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。　　7、An advantage of ... is that + 句子(……的优点是……)　　例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution.使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。　8、The reason why + 句子 ... is that + 句子(……的原因是……)

　　例句： The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./　　The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。　　9、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子(如此……以致于……)　　例句：So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。　　10、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be， S + V...(虽然……)　　例句：Rich as our country is， the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.　　{by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。　　11、The+~er+S+V，...the+~er+S+V...　　The+more+Adj+S　+V，... the+more+Adj+S+V...(愈……愈……)　　例句：The harder you work，the more progress you make.你愈努力，你愈进步。　　The　more books we　read， the more learned we become.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。　　12、By　+Ving，　...　can　...(借着……，……能够……)　　例句：By　taking　exercise，　we　can　always　stay　healthy.借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。　　13、...enable+Object(受词)+to+V(……使……能够……)　　例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。　　14、On no account can we+V...(我们绝对不能……)　　例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。15、It is time+S+过去式(该是……的时候了)　　例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。　　16、Those　who　...(……的人……)　　例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。　　17、There is no one but...(没有人不……)　　例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.没有人不渴望上大学。　　18、be+forced/compelled/obliged+to+V(不得不……)　　例句：Since the examination is around the corner，I am compelled to give up doing sports.既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。　　19、It is conceivable that+句子(可想而知的)　　It is obvious that +句子(明显的) It is apparent that+句子(显然的)　　例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。　　20、That is the reason why...(那就是……的原因)　　例句：Summer is sultry.That is the reason why I don't like it.夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。　　

21、For the past+时间，S+现在完成式……(过去……年来，……一直……)　　例句：For the past two years,I have been busy preparing for the examination.过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。　　22、Since+S+过去式，S+现在完成式　　例句：Since he went to senior high school，he has worked very hard.自从他上高中，他一直很用功。第一部份：Dialogues /monologues:　　1、You can tell they lived during the Depression.这个句子中"tell”是断定的意思，常常把它的意思与(告知、告诉)联系在一起，脑子便转不过弯来。　　翻译为： 你可以断定他们生活在那时的大萧条期。　　2、He really knows how to bring a person out.“bring a person out.”是“鼓励一个人的”的意思。　　翻译为：他非常善于鼓励别人/使别人振作起来。　　例：to bring sb……out意思为：to make someone feel more comfident, happy, and friendly /使某人更加自信、开朗。　　3、He looks like his fun to be with.　　翻译为：他看起来是个很有意思的人。或，和他在一起应该会很有意思。　　4、Since we're going to recruit some staff so that we can get our new school going in time.这里的since, 和so that 是基于……原因的意思.根据意思将其译成：届时……将……以便……　　翻译为：届时我们将聘请一些工作人员以便使我们的新学校及时开学。　　5、Would you address character description for the commercial and industrial arts staff?　　翻译为：你能够给商业与工艺美术的职员讲讲特征描述吗? arts跟前面的commercial and indutrial连在一起看，而非与后面的staff:(the commercial and industrial arts) staff.　　6、There are a number of other positions to consider.“A number of”换成 “a lot of”或者是“a great many”行不行，为什么?　　可以换成a lot of或a great many of,因为position是可数名词。如果这里是不可数名词，则只能用a number of代替而不能用a great many.修饰可数/不可数都行：a number of/a lot of,只能修饰可数：a great many of(与many性质一样)　　7、Would you mind letting me take a look in your briefcase?将“letting me”换成“let me”行不行，为什么?　　不行，mind是动词，后面不能直接跟动词原形，一般接名词(或动名词),这里的letting是let的动名词形式。　　8、I'm afraid I certainly do mind, if it's all the same to you.“Do mind”与“all the same”什么意思?　　do mi ind: 在英语中强调动词，用助动词do(各种时态)+动词原形。all the same: 完全一样，用于强调。　　如：Although you didn't complete it in time, I appreciate you all the same.尽管你没有及时完成，我还是一样很感激你。　　9、One day the life free from the harsh decrees of st

ate-sponsored racial repression. (种族压迫)在这句话中，state-sponsored 翻译成什么意思最好?　　state-sponsored：国家发起的。用于修饰racial repression(种族压迫)，是复合形容词，复合形容词的相结合。　　10、The state in which she was born had laws in place waiting to characterize her as unwelcome.　　翻译为：在她出生的洲有专门针对象她那一类人并将他们列为不受欢迎人士的法律。　　11、Present was the usual mix that had so often accumulated into a burden too heavy for a single-parent household like the one Oprah Winfrey grew up in.　　翻译为：目前，这种平常的税收会不断地压迫在家庭的身上,就象Winfrey 这样的例子。　　12、One day the life free from the harsh decrees of state-sponsored racial repression.　　整句话的意思是：有一天，生活可以从洲政府怂恿的残酷种族压迫中解放。　　练习：　　The circumstances surrounding the birth of a female infant in Kosciusko, Mississippi, on Jan.29, 1954,were not promising present was the usual mix that had so often accumulated into a burden too heavy for a single-parent household like the one Oprah Winfrey grew up in. The state in which she was born had laws in place waiting to characterize her as unwelcome, to bar her participation in otherwise accebtable social activities, to shackle her to the residue of slavery and other injustices of the past. The simple truth is that her grandmother, her great-grandmother and all the great-great-grandmothers before them never experienced one day of life free from the harsh decrees of state-sponsored racial repression.　　In hindsight, it appears that her birth was an uneventful one. But at age three she was reciting speeches from church pulpits. Upon discovering books, the child delved into the written word, turning out weekly book reports for her father. Even during turbulent times, not a moment was wasted. Seeds were being planted, watered, and nurtured. On April 13, 1964, nearly an adolescent and watching television from the linoleum floor of her mother's walk-up flat in something deep inside of her. She was watching the live broadcast of the Academy Awards ceremony and saw a young African-American actor receiving the film industry's highest honor. Sharing in that moment and all it implied she later told me, caused her to say softly to herself, "If he can do that, I wonder what I could do?"　　The ground had been set. The journey of Oprah Winfrey had begun. The babe, the child, the adolescent, the young woman-all their strengths were harnessed into a force of astonishing power that placed itself in the service of nature and the human family. That the world has changed in meaningful ways since 1954 is beyond question. Oprah and her activities were driving forces in many of those changes. Her enormously influential talk show, her philanthropic work with children in

africa and elsewhere, her popular book club and magazine, her empowering spiritual message, her contri bution (by action and example) to improving race relations-all speak to the human family, touching hearts and leaving each one uplifted.　　Mississippi too seems to be mellowing out into a more congenial place than it was in 1954. That may also be partly due to the very sbecial enerav that is Oprah Winfrey-a courageous, funny, compassionate, well-informed, dazzlingly curious person, as down-to-earth and loving as any human being I've ever known.　　参考译文：　　故事的详情围绕在19xx年六月29日出生于密西西比，科修斯科山的一个女婴。那时，对于像Oprah Winfrey (奥普来.温弗里)这样日常开销负担特别繁重的单亲家庭来说，她的出身并不是那么让人期待。她所在的国家，已经有适当的法律等候着将她列为不受欢迎的对象，阻击她参加其它合理的社交活动，让她背负上了奴隶制度剩余产物的枷锁，还有以往其它一些不公平的待遇。简单的事实就是她的祖母、曾祖母以及更早的一代之前，在政府纵恿的种族镇压法令下，从未经历过一天生命的自由。　　之后的迹象表明，她的出生似乎平淡无奇。但是，在她三年的时候，便开始在教堂的讲道坛背诵演说，在发现了书籍的之后，她便钻研上面写过的句子，每周向她的父亲作一次书籍汇报。即使在那个动荡不安的年代，也从不浪费一刻功夫。种子正在播种灌溉。在19xx年4月13日，她已成长为一个青少年，在她母亲那间无电梯的公寓的油布地毯上，电视里的一些东西深深地触动了她。那时她正在看奥斯卡奖项的现场直播，一位年青的美国黑人演员被授予了电影行业中的最高荣誉。在分享那个神圣的时刻之后，她告诉了我所有这一切都在暗暗地促使她轻声地告诉自己"他能做到，难道我就做不到吗?"　　路已经被铺平了，Oprah Winfrey 开始了她的旅程。从婴儿到小孩、到青少年、再到年轻女士——万事俱备，使得她在服务于自然界与人类家庭上迸发出一种惊人的能力。从19xx年起，毫无疑问，世界已经以一种积极的方式发生着改变。Oprah和她的脱口秀是其中的很多改变动力。她影响深远的脱口秀、对非洲乃至其它地方的小孩博爱举动、广受欢迎的书籍杂志俱乐部、激动人心的演说辞、以身作则为改善种族关系所作的贡献。这一切都讲给人类家庭，触动了他们的内心，每个人都深受鼓舞。　　密西西比也受到了潮流的影响，比19xx年看起来适意得多。其中的部分也许同样归功于Oprah Winfrey的非常独特的精神力量——一个勇敢、有趣、富有同情心、见识广博、闪耀着知识光芒的人，是我所知的人中最脚踏实地、让人钟爱

的一个。　第二部份：Phrases and Sentence:　　1、 I don't ever want to have the effect on a person that this person had on me, where I was just blown away by disappointment. It took a few years to get over it.这个句子中重点解析的是“ever”的意思。　　翻译为：我甚至从未想过要给“给我留下印象的人”留下印象，在这一点上我感到十分失望。我用了许多年才克服这个毛病。　　ever,在否定句中起加强语气的作用，not ever从未。　　2、One thing I do is work with Make-A-wish. If an ill child's one wish to see a celebrity and he picks me, then I make time to see him. But I have to be very careful with these kids, because if you get too attached, you're just setting yourself up for loss.这个句子中重点解析的是“because if you get too attached, you're just setting yourself up for loss.”的意思。　　翻译为：我做的一件事就是带着许愿做事。如果一个病了的孩子的愿望是想看一个名人并且他选择的是我，然后我抽出时间去看望他。但是我必须非常小心的跟这些孩子相处，因为如果你太依恋，你会感到不舍。　　because if you get too attached, you're just setting yourself up for loss.因为如果你太依恋，你会感到不舍。　　其中attach是：使喜爱，使依恋：因情感因素，如爱戴或忠诚使联结。　　set oneself up for loss是引起自己处于受损失或失去的状态。　　3、Thank you for giving me the inspiration to stick around, at age 50, you have to feel you're contributing to something.这个句子中重点解析的是“you have to feel you're contributing to something.”　　翻译为：谢谢你给我关于等待的启示，在50岁时，你必须感到你正在做贡献。　　“you have to fell you're contributing to something”这句话的意思就是：你必须感到你正在对某些事情做贡献。　　4、We stayed at the Ritz-Carlton and just had a blast. Or I'll give everybody a ride in the Ultra light-it's a flying kite.这个句子中重点解析的是“ride”在这里怎么翻译。　　翻译为：我们待在Ritz-Carlton并开了个狂欢会。否则我会给每个人乘坐一下“超轻型”——一个飞行的风筝。　　ride就是乘坐。　　5、"One day I'll have my own barbecue." In other words, every generation gets to improve on the dreams of the last generation.翻译为：“有朝一日，我将拥有自己的烤肉”(比喻:实现自己的梦想)。换句话说，每代人必须在他上代人的梦想上有所提高。　　6、But it came with a price because when he was drinking, we had jobs and money. When he quit, we traded alcoholism for being dirt-poor.这个句子中重点解析的是“we traded alcoholism for being dirt-poor.”这句话的真正含义。　　翻译为：但是这有一定的代价：因为

当他饮酒的时候，我们有工作和工钱。当他戒酒了，我们就只有借酒消愁穷困潦倒了。　　we traded alcoholism for being dirt-poor：其中的trade sth. for sth.以……和……交易,以酗酒和穷困潦倒交易。　　7、It got so bad that he either quit or got fired.这个句子中重点解析的是“so……that”在此句中的意义。　　翻译为：一般so……that是如此……以至于……的意思，这里上下句不是因果关系: 变得糟糕的是，他既没有辞职也没有被解雇。后半句that he either quit or got fired是so bad的补充状语从句，补充说明so bad的细节，不要太拘泥语法结构，更应该注重的是：1.英语语序特征，2.英语国家的人的逻辑思维特征。　　8、He was a tool pusher essentially, sold drill bits to oil-drilling companies.翻译为：他其实是一个工具推销者，卖钻头给开采石油的公司。　　9、I never think that I'm doing eight-minute cures on television. But I think that 50 percent of the solution to any problem lies in defining it first. I can be an emotional compass that points them down the path.这个句子中重点解析的是“cures”与“lies in”的意思，另外“point…down”是词组吗?翻译为：我从未想过我在用电视做一个8分钟的治疗。但是我认为任何问题50%的解决方法在于先界定它。我可能是沿着路径指向它们的情感罗盘(指南针)。　　cure：名词，治疗。point和后面的down可以认为没有关系，这里不是词组，down这里的意思是“沿着”，相当于along.down the path是介宾结构词组，在句中作points them的补充状语。　　建议：不要从语法分析着手来学习英语，因为这样效果很差。最好是提高阅读量，让一切语法变为理所当然的事情，让记忆单词成为阅读时的副产品。　　练习：　　If a computer were to design the perfect U.N. Secretary-General, he or she would look something like this: African born; European and American educated, with decades of service in the U.N. system; married to a European; and possessing a quiet charisma and calm authority as chaos arises.　　That the U.N. in 1996 found such a person to restore its sense of direction and purpose was a near miracle. But out of the U.N.'s failures in Bosnia, Somalia and Rwanda came Kopi Annan, the career international civil servant who had participated in these disasters yet somehow survived and learned from them.　　Today Annan is in the middle of his second term. His task is not finished, and the U.N. is still far from what it should be. But Annan has tested the limits of the job, accumulating more authority-one cannot use the word power, given the constraints the U.N. system places on him-than any of his predecessors.　　His complex relationship with the U.S. government is little understood. When Annan takes position

s in public that are displeasing to the bush administration, it unleashes its attack dogs. Yet when administration officials found their policies in Iraq floundering, they asked the U.N. for help. Some observers told Annan that he should responsibility was to the cause of stabilizing Iraq. He began to work toward the decisive date of June 30, when the u.s. will hand over control to Iraqi authorities and an uncertain situation will prevail determined by factors way beyond his, or anyone else's, ability to control. But it is Annan's destiny to be handed the very worst problems after they have been unsuccessfully addressed by others. Anyone who knows him knows he wades into such problems with his usual blend of courage, self-control, modesty and optimism.　　参考译文：　　如果让电脑来设计一个完美的联合国秘书长，他/她应该是这样的：出生在非洲;在欧洲和美国接受教育;在联合国工作十年以上;配偶是欧洲人;出现混乱局面时能保持冷静、富有领导魅力的权威人士。　　19xx年联合国找到了这样一个人来恢复它的方向感和目的性，这简直就是个奇迹。联合国在波斯尼亚、索马里和卢旺达的行动失败后，科菲.安南却脱颖而出。身为国际公务员的他对参与了这一系列的空难性行动，幸存下来，并且从中学到很多东西。　　现在，安南的第二任期已过一半。然而，他的任务还没有圆满完成，联合国离其理想状态还很远。但安南已经体验到了他这份工作的局限性——因为联合国体制对他的限制，他不能利用言语力量，然而他却比他的前任们积累了更多的权威性。　　他与美国政府的复杂关系鲜为人知，当安南在公众面前的表现不能取悦布什政府的时候，美国就会攻击他。反过来，当美国政府官员发现他们的政策在伊拉克举步维艰的时候，他们却向联合国寻求帮助。有些观察家建议安南不要帮助美国摆脱困境，但是安南明白，自己最大责任是促成伊拉克局势的稳定。他开始朝6月30号这个决定性的日子努力，美国将会在这天向伊拉克政府移交政权，这将千万动荡局面。不管是安南瓦还是其他任何人，在伊拉克问题上的成功与否都不会取决于他个人的控制能力。但是，安南注定要处理这些棘手的问题，而这些问题是由别人的失败造成的。所有熟悉安南的人都知道他将带着他一贯的勇气、自我控制能力、谦恭和乐观来介入这一难题。第三部份：Phrases and Sentence:　　1、 She soon called my attention to the fact that she couldn't work full time and keep house, too.注意的词语：call attention to(唤起注意)、keep house(当家)　　2、 I guess I just took it for granted that a wife was supposed to take care of her kids and husband.注意的词语：take it for granted(视为当然

)、be supposed to(应该、被期望)　　3、 You've got to get to know them.注意的词语：have got to do(必须做……)、get to(在这里作“开始”的意思)　　4、 But maybe I'd better take that back and give her a hand.注意的词语：take back：(在这里作“取消”的意思)、give sb. a hand(抽出空或腾出手帮助某人)　　5、 They put me in mind for Italian food.注意的词语：put in mind(使记起、提醒)　　6、 I've put aside some money that I earned by doing some extra mechanical work.注意的词语：put aside(储存、备用)　　7、 I was putting a machine together today.注意的词语：put together(把……加起来、装配)　　8、 I am putting forth a lot of effect to make this tablecloth.注意的词语：put forth(生出、作出)　　9、 Do you want me to put my needlework away?注意的词语：put away：(在这里作“放弃、处理掉”的意思)　　此要注意一下五个以"put"打头的短语与词组的用法。　　10、I was going by the store near your house…　　注意的词语：go by(顺便走访)　　11、Your black purse and shoes go nicely with that dress.注意的词语：go with(伴随、与……相配)　　12、He always goes beyond my expectations.注意的词语：go beyond(超出)　　13、The kids can't go along with you.注意的词语：go along with(一起去、附和)　　14、Your offer goes to prove that you're a wonderful mother-in-law.注意的词语：offer(在这里作为“提意”的意思)。　　15、I could really go for a good comedy.注意的词语：go for：(在这里作为“主张”的意思)　　16、we can barely make ends meet.注意的词语：ends meet指收支平衡　　17、Every thing I say goes in one ear and out the other.注意的词语：Goes in one ear and out the other(一个耳朵进，一个耳朵出。指听不进去的意思)　　18、I've been keeping track of our phone bills.注意的词语：keep track of(明了、一目了然的意思)　　19、I'll have to call them and have them straighten it out.注意的词语：straighten out(改正、更正)　　练习：　　On the day the World Trade Center fell, the Empire state Building once again became the tallest building in New York City. In the months that followed, six of its commercial tenants ran off. They did not want to be in the tallest anything, anywhere, anymore. At a time when U.S. Vice president Dick Cheney was still being shuttled around to undisclosed locations, skyscrapers suddenly seemed like the most disclosed locations. For a while, it looked as though the tall building, at least in the U.S., might be one more casualty of war.　　Three years later, despite fears of terrorist attacks, big is beautiful again. On July 4, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg presided at the World Trade Center site. New skyscraper projects are under way o

nce more elsewhere in the city and around the U.S. Meanwhile, outside the states, where the taste for tall buildings never really faded, the skyscraper has also been poking its head up in very different ways, and not just for reasons having to do with security. Since the 1990s, tall bui ldings have been reshaped by a number of global architecture stars whose vision is finally beginning to penetrate the more conservation American market.　　Some of the best examples of that rethinking now fill two large galleries of the Museum of Modern Art's temporary outpost in Queens, New York. Using 25 spectacular architectural models (some of more than 4 m high), "Tall buildings", a show that runs at MOMA through Sept.27, looks at the ways in which the skyscraper has eyolyed the early 1990s, at least in the hands of its most gifted practitioners, the kind who are proposing-and even producing, but usually in other nations-buildings that don't resemble the dull boxes that crowd most American downtowns.　　Engineering is, among others, a path to new kinds of beauty. Just look at Renzo piano's London Bridge Tower, a slender glass pyramid that forms a glittering stalagmite against the old city's skyline. You get a grasp of what ingenious engineering is all about from the London Headquarters of the insurance firm Swiss Re, designed by Norman Foster. Even before it opened in April, it was known as the small cucumber because it rises against the sky like a green pickle. But the building's single feature is the inclusion of larger interior gardens throughout. But there's a dematerializing spirit even in a building that didn't requiring new fears of engineering-the Arcos Bosques Corporativo in Mexico City, an arched tower with a vertical slot down its center that light ens the building's mass brings the sky itself into play.　　"Not only did American invent skyscraper", says the Spanish designer Santiago Calatrava, "it invented the skyline." But American skylines have got a little dull. With some work, the world's architects might bring them back to a very tall standard.　　参考译文：　　世贸大厦倒榻的那一天，帝国大厦又一次成为纽约最高的建筑。在接下来的几个月，六家帝国大厦的商务住户搬走了，他们再也不想住在最高的楼里了，无论在什么地方。曾经有一度，当美国副总统迪克.切尼仍旧被不停地周转护送到隐蔽地点时，摩天大楼似乎突然间成了最暴露的地点。一时间，高楼大厦似乎成了战争的又一种牺牲品，至少美国是这样。　　三年之后，人们依旧害怕恐怖袭击，但是高楼大厦再次成了美的化身。7月4号，纽约州州长乔治.帕塔奇和纽约市市长米歇尔.布鲁伯格主持了自由大厦的破土仪式，这座写字楼将建在世贸大厦原址上。在纽约的其他地方，甚至全美国，新摩天大楼的建设工程又开始火热地进行。同时，在摩天

热从末褪去的其他国家，摩天大楼以截然不同的形态拔地而起，而这不仅仅是因为安全问题。从九十年代初期开始，高楼大厦的形态就被一些世界设计大师重塑了，这些设计大师的远见最终打入了较为保守的美国市场。　　那些新设计中的一些杰作现在正占据着位于纽约皇后区的现代艺术博物馆的两个临时展区。9月27号，现代博物艺术馆会举行一次名为"摩天大楼"的建筑模型(有些有四米多高)，以此来向人们展示九十年代初以来摩天大楼是如何发展的。至少在那些最有天赋的设计者手里设计出来或者是建造出来的建筑物，这些通常出现在别的国家，不再像一堆呆头呆脑的盒子簇拥在美国各城市的中心。　　在众多领域里，工程建设是通向另类美丽的一种途径。看看雷佐.皮耶罗设计的伦敦塔，细长的玻璃金字塔组成一个闪耀的石笋直指伦敦上空，在空中形成美丽的轮廓。从瑞士在保险公司的伦敦总部大楼我们就能看出工程建设是多么的巧妙，那栋楼是由罗曼.弗斯特设计的。甚至在四月份对外之前，这座楼就被人们称为小黄瓜，因为它直耸入云，在天空的映衬下看上去就像一根绿黄瓜。但是这栋楼最显著的特点却是遍布室内各处的室内大花园。即使在不需要新工程技术的建筑物里也存在着非物质精神——墨西哥城的阿克斯.波斯克期公司大楼是一座拱行的楼，在这座楼的中间有一条狭槽从上通向底部，这座狭糟把光带到了楼里的大部分地方并且使楼里的人能看见天空。　　“美国发明的不光是摩天大楼”西班牙设计师圣地亚哥.卡拉托弗说，“它发明的还有摩天大楼的空中轮廓。”但是美国的空中轮廓显得有些单调。一段时间的努力之后，世界建筑大师们或许会使其重返“高”标准。