一些好消息

首先，范文的数量的增加对于许多考生来说是个好消息。

每本剑桥雅思的书（剑1－8）都有四套考试卷（学术类）和两套补充卷（移民类）。文章的数量是4*2＋2*2＝12篇。其中，按照剑桥雅思书的出版惯例至少有三篇大作文和两篇小作文是考官认为的范例。这样算下来从剑3到剑8, 我们的手上可以搜集到的此类权威并高质量的范文是30篇左右。然而，事实上，许多考生没有将这30篇范文对于雅思备考的作用发挥出来，甚至有许多老师也没有做到对于范文的仔细研读。而研读范文对于我们来说是有巨大意义的。第一，把握文字难度。第二，体会文字风格。第三，熟悉考题和题型。第四，举一反三。

那么，究竟应该如何研读范文呢？

对于刚刚开始接触雅思写作的学生来说，最好最直接的办法就是拿着雅思英文的作文题用母语中文写250字作文。然后将考官的英文范文做英翻中的练习。最后比较自己的中文和翻译过来的中文。看看差异在什么地方。这样做往往可以先找出英语表达之外的雅思写作的章法问题。

对于已经接受过专业培训的学生来说，可以重视范文在词汇和句型方面的选择。比方说，看看范文中哪些词汇和句型是在自己的阅读能力范围但是超越了自己的写作表达范围。也就说，哪些表达方法是会认但是从来不被自己使用的。积极思考这个方面的问题能够帮助提高考生的表达。

总而言之，写作章法和英语表达的这两个层面是通过研读范文可以提高的。

希望考生克服来源于中国这个特殊时代给这一代人所带来的浮躁之气，真正静下心去阅读这宝贵的30篇考官范文。

其次，剑8进一步的确认了热点话题的范文：教育类，科技类，环境类，社会类。

需要在20xx年备战雅思的同学也不妨多多积累这四个话题的表达方法以取得更好的成绩。

在剑8的31页的第一道雅思考题中，考察的是家庭和学校分别在儿童教育的过程中的角色分工问题。这是自雅思考试诞生以来就非常常见的传统问题之一。在剑8的54页这个考题中，考察的是科技改变现代人交流方式。科技发展是21世纪的主题，所以自然也是最常见的考题。剑8第79页的考题考察的是油价的上升与环境保护和解决交通堵塞的关系，属于环境类考题。剑8第102页这道题则考察了现代社会中人类的体重增加但是健康却下降的社会类问题。

话题难度都比较适中。由于雅思写作考试从来也不考察专业知识和术语，所以话题都是只不过是个“托儿”，真正寄托在话题背后在考察的是考生的句子的质量，和文章的章法。但是，目前雅思培训的窘境是，大量考生缺乏对于社会话题的常识积累，因而雅思写作课就被迫从语言培训变成了常识培训。从此可见，学生出国留学以后在学术范围内表现还是令人堪忧的。所以，不管是为了考试本身，还是为了以后出国深造，考生都需要观察社会现象，独立思考，有明确的观点，有基本的逻辑。这是成文，以及被人理解的基础。

最后，关于文字难度，一度由于剑7发行后范文难度过大的问题，由于剑8的发行而做出了回应。难度降低了，而且不止一点的降低了。希望考生仔细阅读下面这篇文章。

TEST 1 WRITING TASK 2

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task

Write about the following topic:

Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words.

MODEL ANSWER

A child’s education has never been about learning information and basic skills only. It has always included teaching the next generation how to be good members of society. Therefore, this cannot be the responsibility of the parents alone.

In order to be a good member of any society the individual must respect and obey the rules of their community and share their values. Educating children to understand the need to obey rules and respect others always

begins in the home and is widely thought to be the responsibility of parents. They will certainly be the first to help children learn what is important in life, how they are expected to behave and what role they will play in their world.

However, learning to understand and share the value system of a whole society cannot be achieved just in the home. Once a child goes to school, they are entering a wider community where teachers and peers will have just as much influence as their parents do at home. At school, children will experience working and living with people from a whole variety of backgrounds from the wider society. This experience should teach them how to co-operate with each other and how to contribute to the life of their community.

But to be a valuable member of any community is not like learning a simple skill. It is something that an

individual goes on learning throughout life and it is the responsibility of every member of a society to take responsibility for helping the younger generation to become active and able members of that society. 264 words

（讨论题型 教育话题）

该文章里最难的单词也不过是：contribute, co-operate, responsibility, variety, peers, achieve, influence, valuable.

最难的句型也不过是一些最基础的并列句： It is something that an individual goes on learning throughout life and it is the responsibility of every member of a society to take responsibility for helping the younger

generation to become active and able members of that society. 或者定语从句： Once a child goes to school, they are entering a wider community where teachers and peers will have just as much influence as their parents do at home.

可见，雅思不要求写出所谓的“文采”。这篇作文翻译过来后的中文文字难度估计连一个初中生都比不过。而且如果是在高考语文考试中连一半的分都拿不到。可见，带着写中文传统作文的思路去写雅思写作的同学几乎是在自欺其扰。雅思作文没有文采可言。在单词，句子正确，逻辑自然，连接流畅的基础上就是雅思写作满分了。

最后，稍微谈谈task 1小作文，也就是图表说明文。大家注意两点就可以了－－第一无任何新生的题型。图表形式仍然是pie chart, table, line graph, and bar chart加上process and map 考试形式仍然是分三类：动态图，静态图，和动静组合图。

一些坏消息

从剑1一直到剑7,我们都在期待剑桥系列的书籍能够提供比较优缺点这种题型的范文，但是剑8的发行后，我们仍然处于这种失望中。目前为止，和这种题型最相近的一篇文章是剑4中的一道题：

Some people believe that children should be allowed to stay at home and play until they are six or seven years old. Others believe that it is important for young children to go to school as soon as possible.

What do you think are the advantages of attending school from a young age?

准确的说，这道题不能算“比较优缺点”，顶多只能算“列举优缺点”。因此和这么多年以来的考题存在差距。我们希望剑桥官方早日看到这点小小的遗憾和不完善，算是官方的美丽错误吧。

另外，在设问方面，需要全体考生留意的是：新生的多问题型题目变多了起来。多数的这类题目是在传统题型上的一种演变或者老题型的相互组合。举例说明一下：

Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

What other measures do you think might be effective?

这道题就是明显的“表态＋论述”和“问题原因措施”中措施段的一种结合体。考试只需把“表态＋论述”题型的结尾段

换成 “问题原因措施”中的措施段即可。

这种变化是明显的剑桥“反模板”实验。拿着万年不变的模板写作的同学应该注意了。模板永远比不过自由的表达，自由的表达基于自由的思路。

下面我们一起做个练习，我给思路，大家来组织成文：

题目是：

油价的上升是解决城市交通拥堵和环境污染的最好方法。请问你同意还是反对这一观点？有无其他方法也可行之有效的解决这两大难题。

第一段：两句话（5分钟）

第一句：说明两个问题存在。第二句：说明解决这两个问题不仅仅需要提升油价。

第二段：三句话（10分钟）

第一句：虽然私家车的数量增加是问题的导因，但是提升油价无法长期限制司机数量。

第二句：因为提升油价也会影响公交车的费用，所以这一政策难以受到欢迎。

第三句：说明其他解决方法是存在的。

第三段：三句话（10分钟）

第一句：我认为清洁的能源解决此问题。

第二句：更安静清洁的电动型机动车已经发展出来。

第三句：鼓励公众和生产商使用和生产该种机动车能解决空气质量问题，尤其在城市

第四段：四句话（10分钟）

第一句：交通堵塞并不能被上面的方法解决。

第二句：为达到这个目的，必须增加交通方式的种类。

第三句：比如，如果地上和地下交通结合起来，那么真正路上的人流和车流量会大大减少。

第四句：火车和长途汽车也应该吸引开车的人去坐车。

第五段：1句话（3分钟）

第一句：总而言之, 我认为交通问题的解决取决于公众尽可能多的使用公共交通体系，也取决于政府建造和运行有效的交通体系。

2分钟检查3个问题：

句子都有主语和谓语吗？

所有的名词和代词注意了单复数一致吗？

所有的动词和分词注意了形式吗？

好了，请大家对照下面范文。找出尽可能多的表达和句型上的差异。请大家用相同方法整理和消化下面第二篇文章。也可以自己先写，再进行对照。

题目为：

Some people think that it is better to educate boys and girls in separate schools. Others, however, believe that boys and girls benefit more from attending mixed schools.

Discuss both these views and give your opinion.

TEST 3 WRITING TASK 2

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task

Write about the following topic:

Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

What other measures do you think might be effective?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words.

MODEL ANSWER

There is no doubt that traffic and pollution from vehicles have become huge problems both in cities and on

motorways everywhere. Solving these problems is likely to need more than a simple rise in the price of petrol. While it is undeniable that private car use is one of the main causes of the increase in traffic and pollution, higher fuel costs are unlikely to limit the number of drivers for long. As this policy would also affect the cost of public transport, it would be very unpopular with everyone who needs to travel on the roads. But there are various other measures that could be implemented that would have a huge effect on these problems. I think to tackle the problem of pollution, cleaner fuels need to be developed. The technology is already

available to produce electric cars that would be both quieter and cleaner to use. Persuading manufacturers and travellers to adopt this new technology would be a more effective strategy for improving air quality,

especially in cities.

However, traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the types of private vehicle people can use. To do this, we need to improve the choice of public transport service available to travellers. For example, if

sufficient sky trains and underground train system were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced. Long-distance train and coach services should be made attractive and affordable alternatives to driving your own car for long journeys.

In conclusion, I think that long-term traffic and pollution reduction would depend on educating public to use public transport more, and on government using public money to construct and run efficient systems.

283 words

表态＋论述＋措施 社会

TEST B WRITING TASK 2 (General Training)

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task

Write about the following topic:

Some people think that it is better to educate boys and girls in separate schools. Others, however, believe that boys and girls benefit more from attending mixed schools.

Discuss both these views and give your opinion.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words.

MODEL ANSER

Some countries have single-sex education models, while in others both single sex and mixed schools co-exist and it is up to the parents or the children to decide which model is preferable.

Some educationalists think it is more effective to educate boys and girls in single-sex schools because they believe this environment reduces distractions and encourages pupils to concentrate on their studies. This is

probably true to some extent. It also allows more equality among pupils and gives more opportunity to all

those at school to choose subjects more freely without gender prejudice. For example, a much higher proportion of girls study science to a high level when they attend girls schools than their counterparts in mixed schools do. Similarly, boys in single-sex schools are more likely to take cookery classes and to study languages, which are often thought of as traditional subjects for girls.

On the other hand, some experts would argue that mixed schools prepare their pupils better for their future lives. Girls and boys learn to live and work together from an early age and are consequently not emotionally underdeveloped in their relations with the opposite sex. They are also able to learn from each other, and to experience different types of skill and talent than might be evident in a single gender environment. Personally, I think that there are advantages to both systems. I went to a mixed school, but feel that I

myself missed the opportunity to specialise in science because it was seen as a natural domain and career path for boys when I was a girl. So because of that, I would have preferred to go to a girls school. But hopefully, times have changed and both genders of student can have equal chance to study what they want to in whichever type of school they attend.

304 words

讨论 教育

1. automobile industry 汽车工业

2. boost the economic development 促进经济发展

3. levy the tax 征税

4. modernization 现代化

5. be viewed as ? 被视为是?

6. be concerned about ? 对?担忧/关注?

7. pollution-free fuel 无污染燃料

8. luxury奢侈品

9. chronic lead poisoning 慢性铅中毒

10. fill? with ? 使?充斥着

11. popularization of cars 汽车普及

12. lay more emphasis on? 把重心放在?

13. observe traffic regulations 遵守交通规则

14. break traffic regulations 违反交通规则

15. get struck in traffic 遇上堵车

16. rush hour 上下班高峰时间

17. ease the traffic pressure 缓解交通压力

18. pedestrian行人

19. pavement人行道

20. zebra crossing 斑马线

21. overspeed 超速行驶

22. bottleneck交通堵塞地区

23. settle down effective laws 制定出积极有效的法律

24. impose restrictions on ? 对?实施限制

25. short-sighted 目光短浅的

26. non-renewable resources 不可再生资源

27. carbon dioxide二氧化碳

28. a pillar industry 支柱产业

29. make full use of ? 充分利用

30. road networks 公路网

31. speed limits 限速中 华 考 试 网

32. enhance the quality of life 提高生活质量

33. pay a heavy price 付出惨痛的代价

34. promote the development of relative industries 促进相关产业发展

35. traffic engineering 交通运输工程

36. the number of car ownership 汽车拥有量

37. call for ? 需要?

38. overcrowded 过度拥挤的

39. violator 违规者

40. headache 令人头痛的事

41. traffic accidents 交通事故

42. head-way 进展

43. conflict with ? 与?相冲突

44. major cause 主要原因

45. be replaced by ? 被?所取代

46. provide convenience for ? 为?提供便利

47. curb? 限制?

48. dilemma进退两难

49. encourage somebody to do something鼓励某人去做某事

50. energy-saving 节能的