20xx年6月英语四级作文题目及范文 On Excessive Packaging

I assume that you are familiar with the phenomenon of “Excessive Packaging”. Taking a look around，we can find examples with ease：a small computer is packed in a thick and heavycarton，clothes are putted in a well-designed plastic bagsand moon-cakes are usually placed in delicate boxes.

What are the causes of this problem? On the one hand, to earn more economic gains, a considerable number of manufactures usually wrap their products with unnecessary but appealing materials aiming at attracting customer’s attention , arousing their curiosity and then stimulating their purchasing desire. On the other hand, quite a few customers believe that the more delicate the package seems，the superior the quality will be,the notion has also encouraged the trend of excessive packaging. To change this situation, I think we should take the following measures. First, laws must be made and implemented to impose restriction onexcessive packaging. Moreover, a public education campaign should be launched to arouse customers’ consciousness that packaging doesn’t equal to quality. Only in this way can we put an end to this trend. (185words)

中文译文：

我觉得你应该对"商品过度包装"现象也不陌生。在我们生活的周围，我们随处可见这样的例子：小电脑包装在一个又厚又重的纸板盒里，衣服包装在设计精美的塑料袋里，月饼通常也放在精致的包装盒里。

这个问题的原因到底是什么？ 首先，很多制造商为了获得更多的经济利益，通常都将商品用不必要却吸引人的包装里，目的在于吸引顾客的注意力，唤起他们的好奇心然后刺激他们的消费欲望。另一方面，相当多的顾客认为，包装越精致，产品的质量就越高，这个想法也加剧的了商品过度包装的趋势。

为了改变这个现状，我认为应该采取以下的措施，首先，必须制定是执行相关的法律限制商品过度包装；其次，我们应该开展广泛的教育运动唤起人们的意识，那就是，包装不等于产品质量。只有这样我们才能杜绝这种趋势。

 

第二篇：20xx年6月英语四级写作素材积累(格式编辑好,即可打印)

20xx年6月英语四级写作素材积累

在很多同学四六级写作的过程中，都会遇到各种问题，例如有学员滥用复合句，辛苦背范文，新东方在线的老师总结了四六级学员的7大写作难题，与大家齐分享，希望帮助大家摆脱写作拦路虎。

1、写作问题一：脑子里想好中文的意思，再把它翻译成英文，这样的思路对吗？

很多同学都是想好中文再翻译成英文。严格说来，即使对学习英语多年的人来说，在写作时想做到完全用英文思考都是极难达到的一种近乎神话的理想境界。关键是中文思考的程度——英文修养极高的人在写作时可能已经很少意识到自己是在用那种语言、很难区分自己在什么时候正在使用什么语言，他已经到了“天人合一”的境界；英文很好的人可能只是在整体构思时用汉语，到具体写作段落或句子时用英语；英文一般的人会将每句的意思大致用汉语想好，但写作时还是要用英文的习惯句型和固定搭配来表达；初学英语基础又很不扎实的人在不仅每句用汉语想好，还基本每字严格对译，这就是中式英文的产生原因了。要想少些一点中式英文，就要多积累习惯句型和固定搭配，在“翻译”时尽可能多用这些模式化的句型，少一些逐字对译。

2、写作问题二：常常想不起想用的一个词的英语说法，该如何解决？

这是考试时任何一个人都会碰到的问题，即使他的词汇量很大。其实就算一个人的词汇量再大，大到掌握所有英文单词，也还是会碰到一些无法用已有单词表达的情况。因为世界在变化，每时每刻总会有新的事物出现。碰到不会表达的思想可以用以下几招：第一，模糊化即用上义词表达。如不会说“手提电脑”，可以用它的上义词“machine”, “gadget”, “invention”, “instrument” 等。第二，可以解释说明。如我们可以把手提电脑写作“the kind of computer that you can carry wherever you go and that you can put on your lap”。第三，可以把一些解释不清的东西略去不写。写作是一个主动的创造过程，可以并且应该发挥自己的主观能动性。写那些自己会写的，避开那些自己不会写的。这才是写作的乐趣所在。否再和前面的单项选择题有什么区别。

3、写作问题三：文章中长句越多越好，复合句越多越好，这样的想法对吗？

考试作文和平时写作不完全相同。平时写作不同作者有自己不同的风格——有些作者长于简约；有些作者喜欢繁复。但考试作文是检验一个考生写作水平的工具，命题人的目标之一就是要通过一篇文章考察考生是否掌握了复杂句。因此，在所有写作考试中都有一条不成文的规定：没有复杂句不能得高分。但是在写复杂句的同时，我们还要注意不能写太多这样的句子。全是复杂句，文章读起来会很累很烦很不自然。因此考试作文的句子要长短结合。一些基础不好的同学最好少些甚至不写复杂句，因为如果复杂句写错了会影响得分，而简单句只要不错分数反而不会低到哪里去。

4、写作问题四：不知从何处着手复习写作，提起笔来不知道怎么写，怎么办？

作文是现存考试中为数不多的考查英语主观应用能力的考试类型，他在大多数权威的语言考试中都有出现。从理论上讲，就是考查第二语言或外语学习者的“输出”能力。另外，我们应该避免误入用“大词用长句”才算写作的误区，因为，好的文章或大作家往往是用“小词”表达复杂思想。简单无误是第一原则。

在考试中，考生对作文的思维应该是：1、审题；2、思考简单的分支观点；考虑可以采用的成熟的句型或“万能句”。其中，前两步比较关键。一、对于审题，应该看到，近年四级或六级题目大多是给出提纲，那么可以直接把提纲变为中心句，这些中心句就是每段的开头句。后面接入标志逻辑的词汇，如first...；

second...；third...；等分支观点。也就是说，审题就是考虑文章的合理结构是什么，中心句是什么。二、臵于思考分支观点，请一定记住，外语考试的作文，考查的目标不是考生的思维水平或逻辑分析能力，而是考核语言表达能力。所以建议采取的措施是，简化自己的思维和分析。也就是，如何降低自己的思维水平，来迎合自己有限的语言状况。比如：这个东西不贵，it is inexpensive，当然也可以说：it is cheap，或者说，it does not cost me much money。等这些相关但简单的表达也是合理的。最后，作文是应用类考试。所以光看不写是不行的。培根说过，“writing makes an exact man.”只有多写才能活化思想，固定句型和找到适合自己的“万能句”。

5、写作问题五：背历年范文有用吗？背范文要全文一字不落地背下来吗？

当然，背诵越多约好，这是语言学习的基础。能一字不漏的背当然牛了，毫无疑问。但，关键在于，对于应试，特别是在时间不多的情况下，广大考生是否真能背诵所有例文？背诵的现实性是有待考查的。 建议是考生自己把近三年的范文看看，主要看结构，然后自己写写，让同学或老师修改，再写一遍。这样做可以，一、熟悉英文写作的结构；二、熟悉适合自己己的固定句型，即“万能句”。

6、写作问题六：想练习写作，但写出来的作文也不知道是对是错，怎么进行自我检查呢？

英文应试的错误分为：1、结构错误；2、语言错误。

一般来说，结构大多是，把提纲变为中心句，体现在每段的段首，后面接分支观点。语言错误，请一定避免简单但严重的错误。如：单复数、主谓一致、时态、搭配和简单词的拼写。因为这些错误的出现就标志着语言的基本素养是否到位。 我们应该避免误入用“大词用长句”才算写作的误区，因为，好的文章或大作家往往是用“小词”表达复杂思想。简单无误是第一原则。

7、写作问题七：最近作文的题型越来越活，能指点一下应该多注意哪些类型的文章呢？

无论怎么出题，外语考试的作文大可以分为：1、正反论证；2、原因现象描述类；3、图表；4、名言谚语 所谓的写信，无非就是在这四类的基础上，套用信件的格式而已。另外，大致讲来，英文考试的结构大多可以套用：中心句＋1、2、3的模式。中心句即每段第一句，中心句可由所给题纲变来，1、2、3就是每段里的分支观点或分述。

英语四级写作素材积累：近义词替换

1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)

2. Common=universal, ubiquitous (if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)

3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)

4. Stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)

5. Neglect=ignore. (Difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)

6. Near=adjacent(two things next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)

7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)

8. Accurate=precise (precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact (correct in every detail) 9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)

10. Top=peak, summit

11. Competitor=rival, opponent (especially in sports and politics)

12. Blame=condemn (if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)

13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)

14. Fame=prestige (describe those who are admired), reputation

15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish

16. Insult=humiliate (do something or say something which makes People feel ashamed or stupid)

17.complain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)

18. Primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental

19. Relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)

20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel

21. Enlarge=magnify (magnify means make something larger than it Really is)

22.complex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)

23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her

24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,

25. Praise=extol (stronger than praise), compliment (polite and political)

26. hard-working=assiduous (someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly

27. Difficult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)

28. Poor (soil) =barren, infertile (used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)

29. Fragile=brittle, vulnerable (someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)

30. Show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)

31. Big=massive (large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal (use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous (INFORMAL)

32. Avoid=shun (if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)

33. Fair=impartial (someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)

34. Attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently

35. Dislike=abhor (abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe (dislike very much)!

36. Ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)

39. Always=invariably (the same as always, but better than always)

40. Forever=perpetual (a perpetual state never changes), immutable (something immutable will never change or be changed)

41. Surprise=startle (it means surprise you slightly), astound (surprise you to a large degree), astonish (the same as astound)

42. Enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)

43. Quiet=tranquil (calm and peaceful), serene (calm and quiet)!

44. Expensive=exorbitant (it means too expensive that it should be)

45. Luxurious=lavish (impressive and very expensive), sumptuous (grand and very expensive

46. Boring=tedious (if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)

47. Respect=esteem (if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)

48. Worry=fret (if you fret about something, you worry about it)

49. Cold=chilly (unpleasantly cold), icy (extremely cold)

50. Hot=boiling (very hot)

51. Dangerous=perilous (very dangerous, hazardous (dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)

52. Nowadays=currently

53. Only=unique (the only one of its kind), distinctive;

54. Stop=cease (if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)

55. Part=component (the components of something are the parts that it is made of)

56. Result=consequence (the results or effects of something)

57. Obvious=apparent, manifest

58. Basedon=derived from can see or notice them very easily)

60. Quite=fairly

61. Pathetic=lamentable (very uncomfortable and disappointing)

62. Field=domain (a particular field of thought, activities or interest)

63. Appear=emerge (come into existence)

64. Whole=entire (the whole of something)

65. Wet=moist (slightly wet), damp (slightly wet), humid (very damp and hot)!

66. Wrong=erroneous (incorrect or partly correct)

67. Difficult=formidable

68. Change=convert (change into another form)

69. Typical=quintessential (this word means represent a typical example of something)

70. Careful=cautious (very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent (careful and sensible)

71. Ability=capacity, capability (the same as ability)

72. Strange=eccentric (if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)

73. Rich=affluent (if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)

74. Use= utilize (the same as use)

75. Dubious=skeptical (if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)

76. Satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and Satisfaction)

77. Short=fleeting, ephemeral (if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)

78. Scholarship=fellowship

79. Angry=enraged (extremely angry)

80. Smelly=malodorous (used to describe an unpleasant smell)

81. Ugly=hideous (if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)

82. Attractive=appealing (pleasing and attractive), absorbing (something absorbing can attract you a great deal)

83. Diverse=miscellaneous (a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)

84. Disorder=disarray, chaos

85. Crazily=frantically (used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)

86. Rapid=meteoric (ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)

87. Ordinary=mundane (very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)

88. Despite=notwithstanding (FORMAL)

89. Best=optimal (used to describe the best level something can achieve)/

90. Sharp=acute (severe and intense)

91. Unbelievable=inconceivable (if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^

92. Puzzle=perplex (something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)

93. Method=avenue (away of getting something done)

94. Famous=distinguished (used to describe people who are successful in their career)

95. Ancient=archaic (extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)

96. Decorate=embellish (embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/

97. Possible=feasible (if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)

98. So=consequently, accordingly

99. Rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often

100. Greedy=rapacious (greedy and selfish)

101. Good=favorable, desirable, pleasurable

102. Bad=unfavorable,undesirable,unpleasurable,(be less impressive)

103.many=a sea of, an ocean of, a multitude of,(many什么,if not most)

104. Like=be crazy about

105. Some=a slice of, quite a few

106.more and more+名词=in growing numbers, in creasing numbers, in significant numbers 107.more and more+形容词=increasingly

108.most+名词=an overwhelming majority of the+名词,a significant proportion of the+名词,a sizable percentage of the+名词

109.very=exceedingly,excessively,extremely

110. Not=by no means

111. Think=harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledge that

112in my opinion=for my part,(personally, I think),from my own perspective 113. Want=desire

114. Remenber=bear in mind that

115. And=as well as

116. A be more important B than=A far outweigh B,A bear/carry more weight that 117. Great=considerable

118. Show=indicate,unfold,display,reveal,demonstrate

119. And so on=and so forth, and so like

120. Enjoy=be crazy about

121.完全：absolute, unconditional, unlimited, complete, unrestricted, unmixed, perfect, entire

122.好：extraordinary, amazing, miraculous, marvelous, stupendous, excellent, good, well, wonderful, fine, nice, of high quality, pleasing, surprising, agreeable 123.小：small, diminutive, puny, little, pocket-sized, petit, minute, tiny

124.多：big , enormous, large, gigantic, vast, tremendous, gargantuan, huge, immense, a lot of, lots of, many, much, plenty of, a great deal of, a number of, an amount of, a great many, a good many, many a, scores of, dozens of, a great quantity of 125.高兴，快乐：delighted, delightful, pleased, pleasing, charmed, pleasant, cheerful, cheering, merry, happy, gratified, glad, gay, agreeable, friendly, content, satisfied, light-hearted, joyful

126.真的：True, truthful, veracious, faithful, accurate, loyal, staunch, genuine, honest, real, trustworthy, constant.

127.全，都：all, whole, entire, complete, perfect, total, the whole number of , unbroken , gross

英语四级写作素材积累：常见连接词

a.表示开场to begin with , in the first place , in general , generally speaking b.表示总结to summarize , to sum up , to conclude , in conclusion , finally

c.表示举例a case in point , a good illustration / example of … is …,

d.表示原因because , since , for , the cause of , the reason for , now that

e.表示结果as a result , as a consequence , consequently

f.表示比较both , like , likewise , similarly , in common , in the same way

g.表示对照on the contrary , on the other hand , despite , in spite of , however h.表示列举first , firstly , in the first place , first of all , to begin with i.表示强调especially , particularly , certainly , surely , chiefly , actually j.表示让步even though , although , in spite of , however , but ,yet

英语四级写作素材积累： 起承转合小词

1.有关“启”的常用词语(用来引导主题句或跟在主题句的后面，引导第一个扩展句)

at first 首先

at present 现在；当今

to start with 首先；第一

after 此后

after a few days 几天之后

after all 毕竟

all the same 虽然；但是

anyway 无论如何 currently 现在；最近 first 首先；第一 after a while 过了一会儿 also 并且 at any rate 无论如何 at the same time 可是(表轻微转折) but 但是

第 6 页 共 23 页 first of all 首先 firstly 首先 at the same time 同时(用在“转”时，作“可是”解) besides(this) 此外 conversely 相反地 despite 尽管，虽然 2.有关“承”的常用词语(用来承接主题句或第一个扩展句) 3.有关“转”的常用词语(用来表示不同或相反的语气)

4.有关“合”的常用词语(用来引导结尾句或最后一个扩展句，表示段落的结束)

above all 最重要

accordingly 于是 as a consequence 因此 as a result 结果 as has been noted 如前所述及

英语四级写作素材积累：常用关系词

1) 先后次序关系：at this time; first; second; at last; next；previously; simultaneously;

eventually；last but not least；to begin with；to start with；to end with；

finally；seeing...；since then；first of all；afterwards; following this;

preceding this.

2) 因果关系：because；because of this；being that；another important factor／reason of... ；

since； as； for； in that...； owing to； due to； for the reason that...；

in view of； the reason seems to be obvious; there are about... ；for this

reason; as a result of this； therefore；...and so...； consequently；as a

result； thus； hence； so；so that...； in consequence； as a consequence；

accordingly; inevitably; under these conditions; thereupon.

3) 转折关系：but；even so；however；though；even though；independent of；reckless of ；

despite that； in spite of that； regardless of; yet...；and yet； but unless.

4) 并列关系： and; also；too；as well as；either...，or...；both...and...

5) (补充)递进关系： furthermore；moreover；further；In this way ；still； not only...but

also...； not...but...； in addition (to)；additionally, much more

interesting, more specifically, next, besides； as far as... is

concerned; moreover；in other words；along this line of consideration；

on the one hand...，on the other hand...； even； as a poplar saying

goes...；in order to do it...; meanwhile； at the same time； accordingly；

In the first place...，in the second place...;equally important; of

even greater appeal.

6) 比较关系： similarly; in like manner, in comparison with；when compared with；compared

with；when in fact...; like...； likewise； similarly important； apart from

(doing)...； ... rather than...，by doing so ；both…and...; in the same way;

not only...but (also).

7) 对照(不同点)：yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding; rather; neither ... nor;

although; though; but; however; something is just the other way around；

yet; conversely； unlike； opposed to; as opposed to ； in contrast (to)；

by way of；on the contrary；different from this；as opposed to this；

nevertheless; contrary to； whereas； while；but on the other hand.

8) 举例关系：for example； for instance； in this case; namely； as you know； you may

as／say； as he explains； like； such as； a case in point is...; consider...；

in particular；including...；for one thing...，for another...；put it simply；

stated roughly； as an illustration， I will say...； a good example

(of...)would be...；to detail this，I would like to...； It is interesting

to note that...；in this situation; as proof; take the case of; take as example

(something)； as for; as regards； as to； according to; on this occasion.

9) 强调关系：in fact; especially；particularly；moreover；naturally; what is more

important； in reality； certainly; of course; indeed; in particular；not

to mention...；believe it or not；undeniably; other thing being equal；

it is certain／sure that...；to be strict; to be true；by definition;

definitely; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in truth, in any event(不论怎样);

without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously, not only.. but(also...), both...

and...

10) 条件关系：if；unless; lest；provided that；if it is the case；in this sense；once...；

if possible；if necessary；if so；if not all; if anything.

11) 归纳总结类：in other words；on the whole; in sum; therefore；hence；in short；in brief；

to sum up；in conclusion; in summary； to conclude； the conclusion can

be drawn that...; for this reason; in short.

12) 地点关系：beyond; opposite to; adjacent to; at the same place; there; over; in the

middle; around; in front of; in the distance; farther; here and there;

above; below; at the right; between; on this side.

13) 目的关系：with this object; for this purpose; in order that; in this way, since;

so that; on that account; in case; with a view to; for the same reason.

14) 重申关系：in other words; that is to say; as I have said; again; once again.

15) 结果关系：accordingly; thus; consequently; hence; therefore; thereupon; inevitably;

under these conditions; as a result; as a consequence; because; because

of; so that; not only...but (also...); so... as to.

16) 顺序关系：first; second; thirdly; next; then; at the outset(在开始时)，following this;

at this time; now; at this point; after; afterward; after this; subsequently;

lastly; finally; consequently; before this; previously; preceding this;

simultaneously; concurrently(同时).

17) 时间关系：at once; immediately; at length; in the mean time; meanwhile; at the same

time; in the end; then; soon; not long after; later; at once; at last;

finally; some time ago; at present; all of a sudden; from this time on;

from time to time; since then; when; whenever; next point; a few minutes

later; formerly; as; once; since; occasionally; in a moment; shortly;

whereupon; previously

英语四级写作素材积累：文章主题句

1. 不用说，…

It goes without saying that子句

= (It is) needless to say (that)子句

= It is obvious that子句

= Obviously, S. + V.

例︰不用说早睡早起是值得的。

It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.

2. …是不可能的; 无法…

There is no Ving

= There is no way of Ving.

= There is no possibility of Ving.

= It is impossible to V.

= It is out of the question to V.

= No one can V.

= We cannot V.

例︰不可否认的?成功的事业关键在于健康的身心。

There is not denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.

3. 我深信…

I am greatly convinced (that)子句

= I am greatly assured (that)子句

例︰我深信预防是于治疗。

I am greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure.

4. 在各种…之中?…

Among various kinds of …, …

= Of all the …, …

例︰在各种运动中?我尤其喜欢慢跑。

Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.

5. …是很容易证明的。

It can be easily proved (that)子句

例︰时间最珍贵是很容易证明的。

It can be easily proved that nothing is more precious than time.

6. …无论如何强调都不为过

… cannot be overemphasized

例︰交通安全的重要性无论如何强调都不为过。

The importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.

7. 就我的看法?…；我认为…

In my opinion, …

= To my mind, ….

= As far as I am concerned, …

= I am of the opinion that子句

例︰就我的看法?打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康。

In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.

8. (A) 每个人都知道…

Everyone knows (that)子句

(B) 就我所知?…

As far as my knowledge is concerned, …

例︰就我所知?下列方法对我帮助很大。

As far as my knowledge is concerned, the following ways are of great help to me.

9. 毫无疑问地?…

There is no doubt (that)子句

例︰毫无疑问地?近视在我国的年轻人中是一个严重的问题。

There is no doubt that near-sightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.

10. 根据我个人经验?…

According to my personal experience, …

= Based on my personal experience, …

例︰根据我个人经验?微笑已带给我许多好处。

According to my personal experience, smile has done me a lot of good.

11. 在我认识的人当中?也许没有一个人比…更值得我尊敬。

Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than …

例︰在我认识的人当中?也许没有一个人比我的英文老师张老师更值得我尊敬。

Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than Miss Chang, my English teacher.

12. 在我的求学过程中?我忘不了…

In the course of my schooling. I will never forget …

例︰在我的求学过程中?我忘不了学习英文所遭到的大困难。

In the course of my schooling. I will never forget the great difficulty I encountered in learning English.

13. (A) 随着人口的增加?… With the increase/growth of the population, …

(B) 随着科技的进步, … With the advance of science and technology, …

例︰随着台湾经济的快速发展?许多社会问题产生了。

With the rapid development of Taiwan's economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.

14. (A) 在这信息的年代?…扮演重要的角色。

In the age of information and communication, … plays an important role.

(B) 在今日工业社会中?…是生命不可或缺的。

In today's industrial society, … is indispensable to life.

例︰在这信息的年代?计算机扮演非常重要的角色。

In this age of information and communication, the computer plays an extremely important role.

15. 在讨论…?一个人不得不承认…。

In dealing with …, one cannot but admit (that)子句

例︰在讨论未来的职业?一个人不得不承认尽早决定未来的职业很重要。

In dealing with one's future career, one cannot but admit that it is very important to decide one's future career as early as possible.

16. 世上没有什么比…更令我高兴。

Nothing in the world can delight me so much as …

例︰世上没有什么比到快餐店吃汉堡更令我高兴。

Nothing in the world can delight me so much as having hamburgers in fast-food restaurants.

17. … 是必要的 It is necessary that S (should) V

… 是重要的 It is important/essential that S (should) V

… 是适当的 It is proper that S (should) V

… 是紧急的 It is urgent that S (should) V

例︰我们当保持公共场所清洁是应当的。

It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean.

18. 每当我听到…?我就忍不住感到兴奋。Whenever I hear …, I cannot but feel excited. 每当我做…? 我就忍不住感到悲伤。 Whenever I do …, I cannot but feel sad.

每当我想到…?我就忍不住感到紧张。Whenever I think of …, I cannot but feel nervous. 每当我遭遇…?我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with …, I cannot but feel frightened. 每当我看到… 我就忍不住感到惊讶。Whenever I see …, I cannot but feel surprised. 例︰每当我想到我家附近那一条清澈的小溪?我就忍不住感到悲伤。

Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad.

= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad.

19. 据说… It is said (that)子句

一般认为… It is thought (that)子句

大家都知道… It is known (that)子句

据报导… It is reported (that)子句

一般预料… It is expected (that)子句

一般估计… It is estimated (that)子句

一般相信… It is believed (that)子句

例︰一般相信阅读增加我们的知识、扩大我们的心胸。

It is believed (that) reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind.

20. …的主要理由是…

The main reason why ….. is (that)子句

例︰青少年犯罪的主要理由是社会环境日一败坏。

The main reason why the juveniles commit crimes is that social environment is becoming worse.

21. 俗语说得好：「…」。

Well goes an old saying, "…"

= As an old saying goes(runs, says), "…"

= An old saying goes, "…"

= It's an old saying (that)子句

例︰俗话说得好：「诚实为上策」。

As an old saying goes, "Honesty is the best policy."

22. (A) …用下列方法… … in the following ways.

(B) …有三个主要理由。 … for three major reasons.

(C) 要…?至少我们可做三件事。 To …, there are at least three things we can do. 例︰(A) 我用下列方法增加信心。

I increase my confidence in the following ways.

(B) 人们学外语有三个理由。

People learn a foreign language for three major reasons.

(C) 为了维护健康?我们每天至少可做三件事。

To keep healthy, there are at least three things we can do every day.

用于文章承转句

23. 那就是(说)…；亦即…

That is to say, …

= That is, …

= Namely, …

例︰我们生活需有规律。也就是说?早睡早起?戒除烟酒。

We need to live a regular life. That is, we can keep good hours and refrain from smoking and drinking in the daily activities.

24. (A) 基于这个理由?… For this reason, …

(B) 为了这个目的?… For this purpose, …

例︰基于这个理由?我已决定把行医作为未来的职业。

For this reason, I have decided to take practicing medicine as my future career.

25. 我们有理由相信…

We have reasons to believe (that)子句

例︰我们有理由相信体罚应该严格禁止。

We have reasons to believe that corporal punishment should be strictly prohibited.

26. 事实上?…

As a matter of fact, …

= In fact, …

例︰事实上?健康才是最重要。

As a matter of fact, it is health that counts.

27. (A) 例如?… For example, …

(B) 拿…做例子 Take … for example.

例︰例如?我们盲目地提高生活水准?却降低生活品质。

For example, we elevate the living standards blindly, but lower the quality of life.

28. 此外?我们不应忽视…

Besides (In addition), we should not neglect …

例︰此外?我们不应忽视每个人都想要一个温馨祥和的社会。

In addition, we should not neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.

29. 相反地?…

on the contrary, …

= by contrast, …

例︰相反地?少数学生似乎还在鬼混。

On the contrary, a few students, it seems, are still fooling around.

30. 另一方面?…

on the other hand, …

例︰政府应严格执法?另一方面?大众也应该培养减少污染的好习惯。

The government should enforce laws strictly. On the other hand, the public also should develop the good habit of reducing pollution.

31. 然而?很可惜的是…

However, it is a pity that子句

例︰然而?很可惜的是他总是临时抱佛脚。

However, it is a pity that he should always cram at the eleventh hour.

32. 换言之?…

in other words, …

= to put it differently

例︰换言之?我会尽最大的努力达成我的目标。

In other words, I will try my best to attain (gain, live up to) my goal.

33. 别人可能认为这是事实?但我不是。我认为…

It may be true as assumed by others, but I don't. I believe that子句

例︰别人可能认为这是事实?但我不是。我认为…

It may be true as assumed by others, but I don't. I believe that if you have strong determination and perseverance, the success will certainly come to you in the end.

34. 从此之后?我已发现…

Ever since then, I have found that子句

例︰从此之后?我已发现…

Ever since then, I have found smile the best way to avoid any possible conflicts in our daily lives.

35. 这样说来?假如...?当然毫无疑问地…。

In this light, if…, there can surely be no doubt (that) 子句

例︰这样说来?假如我们能善用时间?当然毫无疑问地我们会成功。

In this light, if we can make good use of time, there can surely be no doubt that we will get somewhere.

36. 更严重的是?…。

What is more serious is (that)子句

例︰更严重的是?我们不珍惜野生动物。

What is more serious is that we do not cherish the wildlife.

37. 鉴于社会的实际需要?…。

In view of the practical need of society, ….

例︰鉴于社会的实际需要?愈来愈多人对学英语有兴趣。

In view of the practical need of society, there are more and more people interested in learning English.

用于文章结论句

38. 如果能实践这三点?…。

If one can really put the three points into action (practice), …

例︰如果能实践这三点?…。

If one can really put the three points into action(practice), he will surely be able to live a healthy and happy life.

39. 做这些简单之事?我们一定可以…。

By doing these simple things, we surely can ….

例︰做这些简单之事?我们一定可以快乐出门平安回家。

By doing these simple things, we surely can go out of the door happily and come back home safe every day.

40. 如此?我相信…。

In this way, I believe (that)子句

例︰如此?我相信大家能够像我一样?享受乘坐公车的乐趣。

In this way, I believe that all the people may be able to enjoy the bus ride like me.

41. 实践这些?…。

By putting them (the above) into practice, ….

例︰实践这些?在智育方面我一直能不断进步。

By putting them(the above) into practice, I have been able to make constant progress in intellectual education.

42. (A) 唯有符合此三项要求?我们才能…。

Only by living up to the three requirements, can we ….

(B) 唯有通力合作?我们才能…。

Only with combined efforts, can we ….

例︰唯有通力合作?我们才能期望台湾不久有新的面貌。

Only with combined efforts, can we expect Taiwan to take a new face in due course.

43. 最后?但并非最不重要?…。

Last but no least, ….

例︰最后?但并非最不重要?教育上的缺失是助长青少年犯罪的原因。

Last but no least, the shortcoming in education is the cause contributing to juvenile delinquency.

44. 这证据显示～的重要性在怎么强调都不为过。

This evidence shows that the importance of ～ cannot be overemphasized.

例︰这证据显示交通安全的重要性在怎么强调都不为过。

This evidence shows that the importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.

45. 由于这些理由?我…。

For these reasons, I ….

例︰由于这些理由?我认为在台湾接受大学教育是明智的。

For these reasons, I think that receiving college education in Taiwan is wise.

46. 总而言之?…。

In conclusion, …

= To sum up, …

例︰总而言之?好国民应该遵守交通规则。

In conclusion, a good citizen should abide by traffic regulations.

47. 因此?我们能下个结论?那就是…。

We can, therefore, come to the conclusion (that)子句

例︰因此?我们能下个结论?那就是世上自由罪珍贵。

We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as freedom in the world.

48. 如果我们能做到如上所述?毫无疑问地?…。

If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt (that)子句

例︰如果我们能做到如上所述?毫无疑问地?我们就能精通英语。

If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that we can master English

49. 因此?这就是…的原因。

Thus, this is the reason why ….

例︰因此?这就是我重感冒的原因。

Thus, this is the reason why I caught a bad cold.

50. 所以?我们应该了解…。

Therefore, we should realize (that)子句

例︰所以?我们应该了解学英文不能没有字典。

Therefore, we should realize that in learning English we cannot do without a dictionary.

51. 因此?由上列的讨论我们可以明了…。

We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion (that)子句

例︰因此?由上列的讨论我们可以明了毅力可以克服任何困难。

We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion that perseverance can overcome any difficulty.

52. 1. 从～观点来看?…。 From the ～ point of view, ….

2. 根据～的看法?…。 According to ～ point of view, ….

例︰从政治的观点来看?这是一个很复杂的问题。

From the political point

英语四级写作素材积累：常用高频词组

1.abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于；遵守。

2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在

3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉

4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态)be absorbed i n 全神贯注于…近be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on

5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解

7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地,

8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主 动地

9. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同….不一致

10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地

11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据

12. on one’s own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益 2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性.

13. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去

14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 (理由)

15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明.

16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为.

17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句 子要倒装)

18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告

19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于.

20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially ) 熟悉

21. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理

22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于

23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)

24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之

25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外

26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, pe rsist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循

27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的

28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;

29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地.

30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先.

31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.

32. have an advantage over 胜过. have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事

33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.

34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意

35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致

36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前.

37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中.

38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的.

39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计

40. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎.

41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到 .

42. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于.

43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责.

44. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合.

45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for

46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉

47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力

48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请 ; apply for申请; apply to 适用.

49. apply to 与…有关;适用

50. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt. 批准

51. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起.

52. arrange for sb.sth. to do sth. 安排…做…

53. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方);

54. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以… 为羞耻

55. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向…保证, 使…确信.

56. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系 ,结

57. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做…

58. attend to (=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料

59. attitude to toward …对…的态度.看法

60. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果

61. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均

62. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道.

63. at the back of (=behind) 在…后面

64. in the back of 在…后部(里面); on the back of 在…后部(外面); be on one’s back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起.

65. at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持,维护; have sb. at one ’s back 有…支持, 有…作后台

66. turn one’s back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃

67. behind one’s back 背着某人(说坏话)

68. be based on upon 基于

69. on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上

70. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢

71. begin with 以…开始. to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(经常用于开始语)

72. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名义

73. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth.sb. to be true) 相信,依赖,信仰.

74. benefit (from) 受益,得到好处.

75. for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处)

76. for the better 好转

77. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败, 胜过.

78. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统 at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生

79. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人 . blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上

80. in blossom开花(指树木) be in blossom开花(强调状态) come into blossom开花(强调动作)

81. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机

82. boast of (or about) 吹嘘

83. out of breath 喘不过气来

84. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之

85. in bulk 成批地,不散装的

86. take the floor 起立发言

87. on business 出差办事.

88. be busy with sth.于某事 。 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事

89. last but one 倒数第二.

90. but for (=without) 要不是. 表示假设

91. buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买

92. be capable of 能够, 有能力 be capable of being +过去分词是能够被…的

93. in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost , whatever happens; anyhow)无论如何

94. in case (=for fear that) 万一;

95. in case of (=in the event of)如果发生…万一 in the case of 至于…, 就…而言

96. in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句)

97. be cautious of 谨防

98. center one’s attention on(=focus one’s attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在…上

99. be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握, 一定.

100. for certain of (=for sure )肯定地,有把握地

101. by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然

102. for a change换换环境(花样等)

103. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有…

104. in charge of (=responsible for) 负责(某事) in the charge of …由…管

105. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)负责管理(照顾)

106. charge…for 因…索取(费用) , charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有…

107. round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping) 昼夜不停地 108. comment on 评论

109. commit oneself to 使自己承担… commit sb. to prison把某人送进监狱; commit one’s idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来; commit a matter to a committee 把某事交给委员会讨论 110. in common (和…)有共同之处,共用. be common to sb. 是与某人所共有的

111. keep company with (=be friendly and go out together) 和…要好.

112. compare…with … 把…与…比较

113. compare…to… 把…比作…

114. by comparison 比较起来

115. in comparison with (=in contrast to) 和…比起来

116. compensate for (=give sth. to make up for) 补偿, 赔偿,弥补 compensate sb. for sth. 赔偿,弥补

117. complain of (or about)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complain about 抱怨某人或事情; complain to sb. about sth. (or sb.) 向某人抱怨…; complain (抱怨); complement (补充); compliment (恭维) 118. comply with (=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule etc.) 遵守, 依从 119. conceive of (think of, imagine, consider) 想象,设想

120. concentrate on (or upon) 集中,专心

121. be concerned with (=about) 与…有关

122. concern oneself about with 关心

123. in conclusion(=as the last thing)最后一点; at the conclusion of 当…结束时; 124. condemn sb. to 判决

125. on condition that (=if)以…为条件, 假如. in that = because因为; now that = since既然 for all that = although 尽管

126. in out of condition (=thoroughly healthy or fit not fit) 健康状况好不好 . in good (bad) condition处于良好(坏)状态

127. confess(to)(=admit a fault, crime, or sth. wrong)承认, 供认; confess to a crime 承认罪行.

128. confide in (=to talk freely to sb. about one’s secret) 对…讲真心话, 依赖

129. in confidence 推心臵腹地; with confidence 满怀信心地; have confidence in 对…有信心

130. confidence in sb. sth. 对…的信赖

131. be confident of 有信心; confidential 机密的

132. confine…to… 把…限制在某范围内

133. confirm sb. in 使某人更坚定(信念等)

134. conform to (=be in agreement with, comply with) 符合,遵照,遵守;1)obey 服从; 2) observe; 3)comply with照…办; 4)keep to遵循; 5)abide by服从;6)stick to按..做 135. be confronted with(=be brought face to face with) 面对, 面临

136. congratulate sb. on 祝贺

137. in connection with(=with regard to)关于,

138. be conscious of(=be aware of)觉察,知道

139. consent to(=give agreement to permission)同意

140. in consequence (=as a result) 结果

141. in consequence of (=as a consequence of)由于…的结果

英语四级写作素材积累：分类替换词

★ 形容词：

1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken

2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off

3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding

4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous

5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable

6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest

7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome

8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous

9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching

10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated

11. 流行的： popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive

★ 动词：

1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize

2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger

3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with

4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate

5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture

6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur

7. 认为： think = assert= hold = claim = argue

8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve

9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold

10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize

11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten

★ 名词：

1. 影响：influence= impact

2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard

3. 污染：pollution = contamination4. 人类：human beings= mankind = human race

5. 老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens

6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being

7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers

8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing

9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents

10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue

11. 责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability

12. 能力： ability = capacity = power = skill

13. 职业： job = career = employment = profession

14. 娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment

15. 孩子： children = offspring = descendant= kid

★ 短语：

1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with

2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for

3. 从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for

4. 在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age

5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of

英语四级写作素材积累：常用词用法解析

1. accelerate: 后面接名词，表示“加速”，中性词，好事坏事都能用。

2. adequate: “足够的”，用来替代经常被使用的enough。

3. advance: 名词，“进步，发展”，用来替代文章开头经常使用的development，progress。

4. advisable / sensible / rational: “合理的”，都可以替代reasonable。

5. cannot afford to: “不应当做”，不是我们说的“负担不起”。

6. be alert to something: “对…保持警惕”，后面接消极概念。

7. alternative: “其他的选择或办法”，比如an alternative is that… 就相当于in addition（除此 之外）了。

8. applicable / feasible / workable: 都表示“可行的”，用在政策、法令、手段等词前面做修饰语，既可增加字长，又可以提高词汇水平。

9. approach / channel: “方法，手段”，用来替代我们经常使用的一些简单词汇，如method 等等。

10. approve of something: “批准，同意”，注意不要忘记介词of。

11. attach importance to something: 表示“重视，强调”，替代pay attention to。

12. ban / prohibit something: “禁止，杜绝”，表达这个含义时尽量不要使用stop。

13. barrier / obstacle / impediment: “障碍、阻碍”，名词，在写作考试中经常被用到。

14. capital / fund: 解决社会问题时一般都会提到需要投资，可以用到这两个单词，替代money。 Finance 金融 financial

15. challenging: “困难，有难度”，用来替代difficult。

16. in such circumstances: “在这类情况下”，写作时用于总结某个内容。

17. considerable: “相当大，相当多的”，非常常用的修饰语，

比如considerable changes就是相当大的变化。

18. in contrast: “相反”，用来替代我们经常使用的on the contrary，on the other hand。

19. conversely: “相反地”，也可以用来替代on the contrary，on the other hand。

20. copy / repeat one’s experience / success: “借鉴别人的经验，成功经验”。

21. critical: “至关重要的”，用于替代已经被用滥的important。

22. currently: “目前”，用来替代now，nowadays。

23. damage: 作为名词，含义是“损失、损失金额”，动词“损坏”的搭配能力非常强，和表示物品或抽象概念的词都可以放在一起使用，因此可以用来替代destroy。

24. decline: “衰退”，表示数字下降得比较缓慢，在图表作文中根据图表曲线的实际情况使用，替代我们使用的普通单词decrease。

25. defect: “缺点，不足”，用来替代“shortcoming”。

26. demonstrate / illustrate: “说明，表明”，用在图表作文中替代show，reveal等单词。

27. depict / portray: “描述，描绘”，在漫画作文中替代describe。

28. deteriorate: “恶化”，用于替代get bad或get worse。

29. devise: “设计，指定”，后面可以接表示方法手段的内容。

30. discard / abandon: “放弃，抛弃”，用于表达放弃消极想法或做法。

31. dispute: “争端，冲突”，用来替代problem，argument。

32. drop: “下降”，用来替代decrease。这个词表示下降比较快，如果再用修饰语，应当是sharply，dramatically，drastically。这三个单词一般都用在消极的单词上。积极的用greatly。

33. eliminate: “消除”，用于写作与社会消极问题有关的文章。

34. emerge as: “逐渐崛起并成为”，这个词组虽然很短，但是含义非常复杂，可以用在文章的开头，表达某种事物或社会现象从无到有，并迅速传播。比如 Internet has emerged as an indispensable channel for people to exchange information。

35. employ: “采纳，采用”，与表示“观点，方法，政策，法令”等英语单词搭配使用，用来替代adopt。

36. enforce: “执行”法律法规，通常用于作文结束部分，对某个社会问题提出解决办法时使用。

37. essential: “至关重要，核心的”，形容词，用来替代important。

38. It is generally established that: “众所周知，公认”。

39. when the situation is reversed: “相反”，用来替代on the contrary。

40. excessive: “过度的”，这个词在表达消极概念时都可以做修饰语，副词形式

excessively，比如tap“开发”，就可以说tap something excessively。

41. exchange: 这个词才是文化，教育等方面的“交流”，而不是communication。

42. expand: “扩大”，后面接影响，范围一类的词汇。

43. facet / factor: “方面，因素”，写作时尽量避免使用element，这个词中国人用得不是很好，aspect因为用的人较多，也可以避免。

44. fail to do: “没有能够”，可以适当替换带有cannot的句子。

45. frequently: “经常”，替代often，表示发生频率很高。

46. fresh / novel: “新的”，比如fresh idea等，都可以用来替代我们经常使用的new。

47. fulfill: “完成，取得”，记住以下词组，fulfill the task, fulfill the dream, fulfill the role。

48. give priority to something: “重视，优先考虑”。

49. give rise to something: “引发，导致…的出现”，积极消极概念都可以使用。

50. given that: “由于…原因”，可以用在句子的开始位臵，后面接完整的句子，相当于 because。

51. greatly / remarkably: “非常，相当”，作为褒义词，可以用在表示上升、前进、发展等积极含义的单词前面加强程度。

52. guard against: “留心、警惕”，后面使用名词型结构。

53. household: “家庭”，这个词偏重的家庭生活中的设备，物质概念，因此，比如计算机，汽车等设备进入家庭，就应当用enter the household，而不是我们用的home或family。生活垃圾也可以表达为household wastes。

54. be ignorant about something: “对…没有引起足够重视”，表示没有意识到。

55. incidence: “不良事件”，比如incidence of pollution，incidence of fake commodity等等，表示出现上述不良情况。

56. increasingly: “越来越”，副词，可以用在动词和形容词前面，加深程度。

57. indispensable: “不可缺少的，必须的”，写作时可以用来做很多名词的修饰语。

58. individualistic / selfish / self-centered: 都是“自私的”含义，可以交替使用。

59. inspire / stimulate: “鼓励”，替代encourage。

60. for instance: “例如”，虽然这个词组我们经常见到，但很少有人在写作文时用它来替代for example。

61. instruct: “教育”，名词形式为instruction，同educate，education交替使用。

62. intend to do: “计划，打算”，可以替代be going to等词组，表达做事的意愿。

63. make investment into: “投资，投入”，投资是解决社会问题的一个核心方式，因此这个词组在英语写作中经常会用到。

64. issue: “问题”，中性词，我们平常使用的problem是贬义词，因此比如网络问题等词组都应当用issue来表达。

65. launch a campaign to do something: “大力开展…活动”。

66. maintain: “一贯认为，坚持认为”，一般写成somebody maintains that，后面使用完整的句子，用来替代think, believe。

67. major: “主要的”，用来替代main。

68. major / primary concern: “主要关注点”，名词，要说something is somebody’s major concern。

69. misleading: “误导的，错误的”，替代wrong。

70. observe: “遵守”，后面接名词，如法律法规等。

71. be out of / be short of: “耗尽”/“短缺”，用来替代lack，同时提醒大家lack这个词的动词形式在英语中使用的很少。

72. outlook: “前景，未来”，用来替代future。当然，如果用future，就可以加个修饰语，比如foreseeable future等等。

73. plummet / slump: “急剧下降”，图表作文中使用较多。

74. popularize: “推广，普及”，很常用的单词，后面接知识，道理，方法，法律法规等各种词汇。

75. possess: “拥有”，用于替代have，既可以表示拥有具体事物，也可以说拥有抽象品质，特征。

76. poverty-stricken: “贫困的，低收入的”，替代poor。

77. practice: “（广泛，大范围）的从事”，常与laws and regulations, policy或其他类似范畴的单词连用，用来替代carry out。

78. profit: “好处”，这个词本来是指经济上的利润，但现在可以用来替代benefit，表示广义的好处。

79. progress: “发展，进步”，可以同advance交替使用，以避免重复，并可以替代development。

80. a range of / a series of / a string of: “一系列”，特别是后两个单词通常都可以用在消极概念前边，可以用作修饰语，增加文章长度。

81. relieve: “减轻，缓解”，用于消极概念前，词组为relieve somebody of something“消除某人的…。

82. soar: “迅速上升”，用于图表作文。

83. strongly recommend that somebody should do something: “强烈要求，建议”，这个词的语气其实很强。

84. remain: “一直处于某状态”，后面一般使用形容词。

85. remedy: “补救措施，解决办法”，用于替代solution。

86. resolve difference: “消除分歧，差异”，常用写作词组。

87. rewarding: “有收效，有回报的”，用在方法手段或政策法规的内容上。

88. shrink: 过去式和过去分词为shrank，shrunk，“缩小，减少”，用来替代我们经常使用的decrease。

89. slight / slightly: “稍微，有点”，这个词可以在我们写作文时做修饰语，比如slight difference或drop slightly，起到增加字长和提高单词水平的作用。

90. strategy: “策略”，其实也就是“方法手段”的含义，自然就可以替代method，way等单词。

91. strengthen: “加强，巩固，改善”，同improve交替使用，以避免重复。

92. sufficient: “足够的”，用在资金，资源等单词前做修饰语，替代enough。

93. system: 这个词的搭配能力非常强，比如educational system, legal system, economic system等等，只要形容词后面加上这个词，其实就成了形容词本身可以变化的名词，上面三个例子就可以理解为教育，法律或者经济。

94. threaten: “威胁到，危及”，后面接诸如环境，发展，进步等单词。

95. traditionally: “过去”，用于替代in the past。

96. when it comes to something: “当我们谈到…时”，用于文章开头。

来源：新东方在线