英语记叙文的写作方法

什么是记叙文呢？朗文现代英语词典中对记叙文的定义是“an orderly description of events”。也就是说，记叙文通常以记叙和描写为主，是以记人叙事为主要内容的一种文体，叙述人们的经历或事物发展变化过程的一种表达方式。其描写的事情可真实、可虚构或二者合一，通常按事件发生的先后次序进行。记叙文应以记叙为主，可适当发表见解、议论和抒情，但不可过多。

1.记叙文的分类

记叙文一般说来，它大致分为三类：

一是以记人为主的记叙文，即以人物为中心组织材料，围绕这个人物可以写一件事，也可写几件事；集中主要人物的描写，记叙人物遇到的事情及人物有什么影响。

二是以写事为主的记叙文，即以事件为中心组织材料，围绕中心事件可以写一个人，也可以写几个人；为了引起读者的注意，可以从一些纠纷或交叉事件中展开，直到高潮出现，再将问题解决。

三是以写景状物为主的记叙文。

但应注意的是，在一篇记叙文中，写人、写景、写事往往是交织在一起的，不能截然分开，但各有侧重。

2.明确五个“W”和一个“H”

要写好记叙文，首先必须确定写些什么，然后懂得如何收集、选取素材，而不能提笔就写，写到哪里算哪里。

一篇完整的记叙文要能够把某一事件的经过情形介绍清楚，能回答有关这件事情的五个“W”和一个“H” ：when(时间) where（地点） who（人物） why（原因） what（经过） how(结果)，做到有条有理，使读者易于明白。

一篇好的英语记叙文读后不应让读者还存有上述疑问。如:

Last week I took part in the final piano contest at the school. On that night, I was so nervous that I could hardly move my fingers. As I waited for my turn to appear on the stage, I was sure I had forgotten the opening notes of my piece of music. I began thinking of ways to run away, maybe I could faint（晕倒） or pretend to be very much ill. But then at the last minute my piano teacher came by to wish me luck and said something that suddenly changed everything. When my turn came，I played with ease and confidence. Although the results of the contest were disappointing，I was pleased that I had conquered one of my major enemies——stage fright（怯场）。

文中黑体部分读后让人留下了两个疑问：1）老师究竟说了些什么（What）使得一切突然发生了变化； 2）既然“轻松自信地”进行了演奏，为何（Why）结果会令人失望。由于文章没有很好地处理这两个W，所以尽管文笔不错，还是一篇没有写好的记叙文。

3.确定以第几人称记叙

一般来说，英语记叙文展开记叙的视角有两个：第一人称和第三人称。第一人称是从“参与者”的角度进行记叙；第三人称是以“观察者”的身份展开叙述，要根据具体情况合理选用。

(1)第一人称叙述(First—person narrator)：写作者以当事人的口气，即第一人称来叙述，把文章中的事情以“我”的所见所闻来告诉读者，用主观的表现手法，给读者一种亲切自然的感觉，如同亲身经历一样，加强了事件的可信性，直接抒发作者的思想情感，从而引起读者的共鸣。

(2)第三人称叙述(Third—person narrator)：写作者从旁观者的角度来叙述事件，以客观的写作方法，能够充分反映事件中各人的感受及见解，以全知的视角来叙述。

在用第一人称的记叙文中，不要过多地使用“I?”，“We?”这样的句型，以免给人单调乏味的感觉。在以第三人称进行记叙时，要避免过多的评论，以至失去记叙文的客观性。另一方面，确定了记叙视角后，不可再随意变来变去，以免破坏文章的连贯性以及打乱读者的思路。

4.确定以何种顺序展开记叙

大多数情况下叙述都是按照事情的发展及时间的先后(顺叙）进行的，但有时也可以采用其它顺序，如倒叙、插叙等。

5.时态选择：

由于大部分记叙文都是建立在时间顺序的基础上的，所以记叙文最常用的时态是一般过去时或者一般现在时，而前者出现的几率更大一些。

大多数文学作品中的叙述（或概括）采用的都是一般现在时; 大多数对历史事件或个人经历的叙述采用的都是一般过去时

要注意的是，每篇记叙文都应该有一个基本的时态贯穿其始终。只有在需要特别解释或特别强调的时候，时态变化才是必须并有效的。

6.叙述的方法：

一般叙述的线索可分为以下几种：

(1)以时间为线索，按时间的顺序来展开。

(2)以地点为线索，以地点的转移为顺序来展开。

(3)以事件发展的过程为线索，或以人物出现的先后次序来展开。

(4)以事物的象征意义为线索来展开。

(5)以人物的思想行为及认知的过程为线索来展开。

记事范文

Honesty

When I was a little child, I was very naughty and eager to know how the things around me worked. I would do something “bad” or surprising and often made others angry. But I will never forget what I did once and what had been told then.

One day, I found a little clock in my Grandpa's room. It had a red hand which kept running and running. I wondered who was there turning the clock. So I took the clock apart. And then I looked carefully and seriously into it with great interest. At last I was delighted that I knew how it worked. But I didn't know how to put the parts together correctly. I tried my best but still a few parts were left. I didn't know where to fit them. So I hid them.

When Grandpa came back, he found the clock didn't work any more. He asked me who had touched it. I said I hadn't, but my heart was beating rapidly because I was lying. Grandpa began to repair the clock. Of course he couldn't make it work again without those missing parts. He was very angry when he realized that someone had once taken it apart.

Several minutes later, I became quite afraid and took out the parts to him，my face turning red. Then I heard his voice, “Good！That's right. But you should not have told the lie. Remember： if you want to be a true man you must be honest first.”

Up to now, I still remember Grandpa's words. And I have never told a lie, because I want to be a true man.

Learning English

I never like learning English as I felt that it is a weird language and indeed it is. The environment I lived in taught me that English is an important language and if I want to survive in the society in the future, I must master my English. Therefore since young, my parents have been encouraging me to read more and be in more contact with English. However, my English standard was still on the average side.

At the end of secondary school, I was required to pass my ?O? level English in order to get a place in the junior collage or polytechnic, thus my English teacher started drilling the class hoping to help us make maximum improvement in the shortest time. The strategy my teacher used was to focus on composition as she felt that writing a good composition will maximize our score since the comprehension section was rather unpredictable.

She always made us practice checking, where after we were done with our composition we were required to check out for vocabulary, grammar and spelling mistakes. In the past, I was a borderline passer but since I adopted my teacher?s method, I failed all the composition I had written. I was disheartened then, that I decided for once to abandon the new writing style and switch back to what I was used to.

To my surprise, I passed the particular composition. I did some thinking then and got to a conclusion. I do know how to write properly, reading since young have subconsciously taught me the correct way of phrasing, it was just I did not realize it. As I was too focus on correcting and checking, I made more mistakes.

The point I want to emphasize here is that reading really helps a lot in writing; we may not feel it but deep inside us we are getting better. It is alright to read below our level as long as we understand and enjoy it. Reading beyond can come afterwards where we are in the comfortable zone, by then, we should be able to experiences the beauty of this language, English.

写人范文

Paul’s chemistry teacher.

My friend Paul will never forget his first chemistry teacher. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. And his lessons were not easily forgotten.

Paul remembers one of his first lessons from this teacher. After the students were all in the chemistry lab, the teacher brought out three bottles. One was filled with petrol（汽油）, one with castor oil（蓖麻油）and one with vinegar（醋）.“Now watch carefully.” said the teacher.

He then filled a cup with some of the petrol, some of the castor oil and some of the vinegar. As the students watched him quietly, he mixed the three together. After that, he held up one of his fingers and showed it to the class. He then dipped it into the cup. After a few seconds he took his finger out. “Now watch, ”he said. “Remember, you must do everything as I do. ”

He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased. Then he handed the cup around the class of students. Each student dipped a finger into the mixture and sucked （吮吸）it. Instead of smiling, each of them made a face. The mixture tasted terrible.

When the cup was at last returned to the teacher, he said sadly, “I'm sorry, none of you watched carefully enough. Yes, I sucked a finger, but the finger I put into my mouth was not the one I had dipped into the cup.”

It was Paul's first important lesson as a student of chemistry and he never forgot it.

What is the unusual experience you have ever had? Describe what happened. What did you do? How did you feel?

An Unusual Autumn Night

If you ask me is there any unusual experience I have ever had? Of course. It is not only the unusual but the most frightening experience in my childhood. I will never forget it.

It was a cool autumn night. Many people were already deep in sleep, but I was still reading an interesting novel. Suddenly I smelt something burning. I looked out of the window. Oh, my god！

A fire had broken out！A house on the opposite side was on fire. It was my classmate, Lily's house. Flames were shooting out of the kitchen windows. Smoke was everywhere. “Fire！Fire！Help！ Help!” I cried out at the top of my voice. Then I called the fire brigade. By this time, many neighbors had been waken up and were running out. I took a pail and joined the people in putting out the fire. Luckily, Lily and her parents came out in time. They were so frightened and nervous that they could do nothing but cry.

I was about to go to comfort them when suddenly I thought of the big color TV set in their living room. It would explode and cause more damage if the fire reached it. I rushed into the house without much thinking. I found the TV set quickly, but couldn't move it. The flames were coming. I tried all I could to push out the table on which the TV set was placed. The table suddenly moved and I fell, my leg hurt. Just at that time, two firefighters appeared. One carried me out and the other carried out the TV set.

About half an hour later, the fire was put out. Fortunately, it didn't destroy many things. Of course it didn't spread to other houses either. Lily's parents were so thankful that they couldn't say a word. My neighbors and the firefighters said I was a brave girl.

Later that night, I didn't sleep a wink, not that my injured leg hurt much but that I was excited. I thought a lot. In this world, there are still bad things—— theft, robbery, wars, but there are more good-natured people. If everyone does a bit for others, the world will become much better.

注意:这篇范文其实也可以是the most frightening experience 可作为上次EFL考试第二题的范文。