信用证范本

第三节 信用证付款

?一、信用证的含义

?二、信用证的当事人

?三、信用证的内容

?四、信用证的收付程序

?五、信用证的性质和特点

?六、信用证的种类

一、信用证的含义

UCP600

?Credit means any arrangement, however named or described, that is irrevocable and thereby constitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank to honour a complying presentation.

?信用证是一种银行开立的有条件的承诺付款的书面文件。

Honour means:

?a. to pay at sight if the credit is available by sight payment.

?b. to incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity if the credit is available by deferred payment.

?c. to accept a bill of exchange (“draft”) drawn by the beneficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance.

?在国际贸易中,信用证通常是开证银行根据进口人的请求和指示,授权出口人凭所提交的符合信用证规定的单据,和开立以该行或其指定的银行为付款人的不超过规定金额的汇票(有的信用证可以不用汇票),向其或其指定的银行收款,并保证向出口人或其指定人进行付款,或承兑并支付出口人开立的汇票。

二、信用证的当事人

开证申请人(applicant)

?Applicant means the party on whose request the credit is issued.

开证行(opening bank; issuing bank)

?Issuing bank means the bank that issues a credit at the request of an applicant or on its own behalf.

受益人(beneficiary)

?Beneficiary means the party in whose favour a credit is issued.

通知行(advising bank; notifying bank) ?Advising bank means the bank that advises the credit at the request of the issuing bank.

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议付行(negotiating bank)

?Negotiation means the purchase by the nominated bank of drafts (drawn on a bank other than the nominated bank) and/or documents under a complying presentation, by advancing or agreeing to advance funds to the beneficiary on or before the banking day on which reimbursement is due to the nominated bank.

?

付款行(paying bank; drawee bank)

?Paying bank is the bank that makes payment to the beneficiary against presentation of stipulated documents. It is usually the opening bank but can also be a third designated bank.

偿付行(reimbursing bank)

?Reimbursing bank is the bank from which the nominated paying bank or any negotiating bank that has made payment under the credit may obtain reimbursement.

保兑行(confirming bank)

?Confirmation means a definite undertaking of the confirming bank, in addition to that of the issuing bank, to honour or negotiate a complying presentation. ?Confirming bank means the bank that adds its confirmation to a credit upon the issuing bank’s authorization or request.

三、信用证的内容

1. 关于信用证本身:

?(1) 信用证的类型(Form of credit)

?(2) 信用证号码(L/C number)

?(3) 开证日期(Date of issue)

?(4) 信用证金额(L/C amount)

?(5) 有效期和到期地点(Expiry date and place)

?(6) 开证银行(Issuing / Opening bank)

?(7) 通知银行(Advising / Notifying bank)

?(8) 开证申请人(Applicant)

?(9) 受益人(Beneficiary)

?(10)单据提交期限(Documents presentation period)

2. 关于汇票:

?(1) 出票人(Drawer)

?(2) 付款人(Drawee)

?(3) 付款期限(Tenor)

?(4) 出票条款(Drawn clause)

3.关于单据(单据的种类、份数和具体要求):

?(1) 商业单据(Commercial Invoice)

?(2) 提单(Bill of Lading)

?(3) 保险单(Insurance Policy)

?(4) 产地证明(Certificate of Origin)

?(5) 其他单据(Other documents)

4. 关于货物:

?(1)品名、货号和规格(Commodity name, article number and specifications)

?(2)数量和包装(Quantity and packing)

?(3)单价(Unit price)

5.关于运输:

?(1)装货港(Port of loading / shipment)

?(2)卸货港或目的地(Port of discharge or destination)

?(3)装运期限(Latest date of shipment)

?(4)可否分批装运(Partial shipments allowed / now allowed)

?(5)可否转船运输(Transshipment allowed / not allowed)

6.其他:

?(1) 附加条款或特别条款(Additional conditions or Special conditions)

?(2) 开证行对议付行的指示(Instructions to negotiating bank)

? (3)开证行付款保证(Engagement / Undertaking clause)

?(4)惯例适用条款(Subject to UCP clause)

?(5)信开证中的开证行签字(Signature)或电开证中的密押(Test Key)

四、信用证的收付程序

?信用证的收付程序随信用证类型的不同,其具体做法有所差异,但就其基本流程而言,大体要经过申请、开证、通知、议付、索偿、付款、赎单等环节。由于在以信用证方式结算的情况下,结算工具(汇票、单据、索偿证明等)与资金流向相反,因此,也属逆汇。

?信用证的开证方式由信开(open by airmail)和电开(open by telecommunication)

?前者是指开证时开立正本一份和副本若干份,航寄通知行。

?后者是指由开证行将信用证内容加注密押后用电报或电传或通过两种。 SWIFT等电讯工具通知受益人所在地的代理行,请其转知受益人。

五、信用证的性质和特点

?性质:信用证是银行开立的有条件的承诺付款的书面文件,也是开证银行对受益人的一种保证,只要受益人履行信用证规定的条件,开证银行就保证首先付款,故其属于银行信用。

特点:

1. 开证行负首要付款责任(primary liabilities for payment)

?信用证付款是一种银行信用。由开证行以自己的信用作出付款的保证。在信用证付款的条件下,银行处于第一付款人的地位。

2. 信用证是一项自足文件(self-sufficient instrument)

?信用证的开立以买卖合同作为依据,但信用证一经开出,就成为独立于买卖合同之外的另一种契约,不受买卖合同的约束。

3. 信用证方式是纯单据业务(pure documentary transaction)

?信用证项下付款是一种单据的买卖。在信用证方式下,实行的是凭单付款的原则。《UCP600》规定: “Banks deal with documents and not with goods, services or performance to which the documents may relate .”

?在信用证条件下,实行严格符合的原则,不仅要做到“单证一致”(受益人提交的单据在表面上与信用证规定的条款一致),还要做到“单单一致”(受益人提交的各种单据之间的表面上一致。)

六、信用证的种类

(一)跟单信用证和光票信用证

跟单信用证(documentary credit)

?是指凭跟单汇票或仅凭单据付款、承兑或议付的信用证。这里的“单据”是指代表货物所有权或证明货物业已装运的货运单据,即运输单据以及商业#5@p、保险单据、商检证书、产地证书、包装单据等。

光票信用证(clean credit)

?是指开证行仅凭受益人开具的汇票或简单收据而无需附带货运单据付款的信用证。

? 在国际贸易货款结算中,主要使用跟单信用证,光票信用证通常仅别用于总分公司间货款清偿和贸易从属费用的结算。

(三) 保兑信用证和非保兑信用证

非保兑信用证(unconfirmed L/C)

?是指未经除开证行以外的其他银行保兑的信用证,即一般的不可撤销信用证。

保兑信用证(confirmed L/C)

?是指另一家银行,即保兑银行(confirming bank)应开证行请求,对其所开信用证加以保证兑付的信用证。经保兑行保兑的信用证,保兑行保证凭符合信用证条款规定的单据履行向受益人或其指定人付款的责任,而且付款或议付后对受益人或其指定人无追索权。这种信用证有开证行与保兑行两家银行对受益人负责。

? 在首先付款的责任方面,保兑行与开证行相同。

(四)即期付款信用证、延期付款信用证、承兑信用证和议付信用证

即期付款信用证(sight payment L/C)

?是指规定受益人开立即期汇票随附单据,或不需要汇票仅凭单据向指定银行提示,请求付款的信用证。对这种信用证,开证行、保兑行(如有的话)或指定付款行承担即期付款的责任。即期付款信用证的付款行有时由指定通知行兼任。

?42C Draft at: sight for 100 percent invoice value

延期付款信用证(deferred payment of L/C)

?又称迟期付款信用证,或称无承兑远期信用证,是指仅凭受益人提交的单据,经审核单证相符确定银行承担延期付款责任起,延长一段时间及至付款到期日付款的信用证。

?确定付款到期日的方法有三:1.交单日后若干天;2.运输单据显示的装运日期后若干天;3.固定的将来日期。这种信用证的受益人不开具汇票,因此也无需开证行承兑汇票。

?在实践中大多使用于金额较大的资本货物的交易,而且付款期限较长,一年或数年不等,所以常与政府出口信贷相结合。

?Available with … bank by deferred payment

at 30 days after date of shipment

承兑信用证(acceptance L/C)

?是指付款行在收到符合信用证规定的远期汇票和单据时,先在汇票上履行承兑手续,俟汇票到期日再行付款的信用证。这种信用证又称为银行承兑信用证(banker’s acceptance L/C)。承兑信用证一般使用于远期付款的交易。

?Available with … bank by acceptance of drafts at 60 days sight

议付信用证(negotiation L/C)

?是指开证行在信用证中,邀请其他银行买入汇票及/或单据的信用证。即允许受益人向某一指定银行或任何银行交单议付的信用证。通常在单据符合信用证条款的条件下,议付银行扣去利息后将票款付给受益人。议付信用证按是否限定议付银行,又可分为公开议付信用证和限制议付信用证两种。

?前者是指任何银行均可办理议付;后者则是仅由被指定的一家银行办理议付。

议付与付款的主要区别之一是:议付银行在议付后如因单据与信用证条款不符等原因而不能向开证行收回款项时,还可向受益人追索;而付款银行(以及开证银行、保兑银行)一经付款,即再无权向受款人追索。

限制议付信用证

?41D Available with: United Overseas Bank Ltd Beijing Branch by negotiation

自由议付信用证

?41D Available with: any bank in China by negotiation

(四)即期信用证和远期信用证

即期信用证(sight L/C)

?是指开证银行或其指定的付款行在收到符合信用证条款的汇票及/或单据即予付款的信用证。使用即期信用证方式付款时,进口人在开证行或其指定付款行对受益人或议付行付款后,也须立即偿付由开证行垫付的资金,赎出单据,而不能如远期信用证那样,可获得进一步的资金融通。

远期信用证(time L/C; usance L/C)

?是指开证行或其指定的付款行在收到符合信用证条款的汇票及/或单据后,在规定的期限内保证付款的信用证。其主要作用是便利进口人资金融通。

?承兑信用证、延期付款信用证和远期议付信用证都是远期信用证。

假远期信用证(Usance Credit Payable at Sight)

?买卖双方的合同为即期付款,但来证要求出口商开出远期汇票,同时在信用证上又说明该远期汇票可即期议付,由付款人负责贴现。有关贴现费用及贴现利息由开证申请人负担。凡具有这样内容的即为假远期信用证。

?采用假远期信用证作为支付方式,对进口商来讲,可由银行提供周转资金的便利,但须支付利息;对出口商来讲,可即期获得汇票的票款,但亦承担汇票到期前被追索的风险。

?47A: Additional Conditions

?+USANCE DRAFT SHALL BE NEGOTIATED AT SIGHT BASIS REGARDLESS OF THE TENOR OF DRAFT. ACCEPTANCE COMMISSIONS AND DISCOUNT CHARGES ARE FOR BUYER’S ACCOUNT.

合同中的信用证条款

开证时间、信用证的种类、开证行的规定、对开证金额的规定、有效期和到期地点

?The Buyer shall open through a bank acceptable to the Seller an irrevocable sight L/C to reach the Seller 30 days before the month of shipment, valid for negotiation in China until the 15th day after the date of shipment, but within the validity of the L/C.

?The Buyer should open through a bank acceptable to the Seller a confirmed, irrevocable documentary letter of credit stipulating T/T reimbursement clause which is available by beneficiary’s sight draft for full invoice amount to reach the Seller 45 days before the shipment date and valid for negotiation in China until 15th day after the date of shipment.

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