线图
The graph illustrates changes in the amounts of beef, lamb, chicken and fish consumed in a particular European country between 1979 and 2004.
In 1979 beef was by far the most popular of these foods, with about 225 grams consumed per person per week. Lamb and chicken were eaten in similar quantities (around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed (just over 50 grams).
However, during this 25-year period the consumption of beef and lamb fell dramatically to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively. The consumption of fish also declined, but much less significantly to just below 50 grams, so although it remained the least popular food, consumption levels were the most stable.
The consumption of chicken, on the other hand, showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989. By 2004 it had soared to almost 250 grams per person per week.
Overall, the graph shows how the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the popularity of these other foods decreased over the period.
柱图
The data shows the differences between developing and industrialized countries’ participation in education and science.
In terms of the number of years of schooling received, we see that the length of time people spend at school in industrialized countries was much greater at 8.5 years in 1980, compared to 2.5 years in developing countries. The gap was increased further in 1900 when the figures rose to 10.5 years and 3.5 years respectively.
We can see a similar pattern in the second graph, which shows that the number of people working as scientists and technicians in industrialized countries increased from 55 to 85 per 1,000 people between 1980 and 1990, while the number in developing countries went from 12 to 20.
Finally, the figures for spending on research and development show that industrialized countries more than doubled their spending, from $200bn to$420bn, while developing countries decreased theirs , from$75bn down to $25bn.
Overall we can see that not only are there very large differences between the two economies but that there gaps are widening.
饼图
The charts compare the sources of electricity in Australia and France in the years 1980 and 2000. Between these years, electricity production almost doubled, rising from 100 units to 170 in Australia, and from 90 to 180 units in France.
In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity source (50 units) and the remainder was produced from natural gas, hydro power (each producing 20 units) and oil (which produced only 10 units). By 2000, coal had become the fuel for more than 75% of electricity produced and only hydro continued to be another significant source supplying approximately 20%.
In contrast, France used coal as a source for only 25 units of electricity in 1980, which was matched by natural gas. The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power, with hydro contributing only 5 units. But by 2000, nuclear power, which was not used at all in Australia, had developed into the main source, producing almost 75% of electricity, at 126 units, while coal and oil together produced only 50 units. Other sources were no longer significant.
Overall, it is clear that by 2000 these two countries relied on different principal fuel sources: Australia relied on coal and France on nuclear power.
表格
The table shows the detailed information regarding the underground railway systems in six cities, namely, London, Paris, Tokyo ,Washington DC, Kyoto and Los Angeles.
London has the oldest underground railway system among the six cities which was opened in 1863. AndParis is the second oldest, and it was opened in 1900. This was then followed by other four cities, namely,Tokyo,WashingtonDC andKyoto with the opening date of 1927, 1976, and 1981 respectively. As forLos Angeles, it is the last one in this table to have its own underground railway system (opened in 2001).
In terms of the size of the railway system, Londonenjoys the largest underground railway systems, with 394 kilometres of route in total, which is nearly twice as large as that in Paris(199 kilometres). Kyoto, in contrast, has the smallest system, for it only has 11 kilometres of route, which is nearly 1/36 of the route of London.
The other three cities(Tokyo, Washington DC, and Los Angeles) have 155, 126 and 28 kilometres respectively
Interestingly, Tokyo, which only has 155 kilometres of route, enjoys the greatest number of passengers per year, at 1927 million passengers. The system inParis has the second greatest number of passengers, at 1191 millions passengers per year. The smallest underground railway system,Kyoto, serves the smallest number (only 45 people).
In conclusion, the underground railway systems in different cities vary a lot in the opening date, the size as well as the number of passengers served per year.
地图
The two maps illustrate the changes of a coastal city between 1950 and 2007. We can see clearly that the city became more and more modern.
1n 1950, the city was like a small village, with vast grassland areas all over the city. There was a sea in the north of this city, with a park to the west. In front of the park, there was a big building area where things were under construction. By that time, three large areas were all grasslands, with a cross road dividing them.
However, when it comes to 2007, things experienced significant changes. A new apartment had been built where the park was, and the original building areas were converted into industry buildings such as parks, parking lots and swimming pools. The most obvious changes were that the former grasslands disappeared, becoming cinemas in the southwest, shops in the southeast, and houses in the northeast. On the north side, although the sea was still there, a wharf was built in it so people could travel more easily by sea.
Finally, although there was still a cross road in the city, the horizontal road was moved to the south. By doing so, industry buildings and houses could be left more places to develop. Anyway, the city had experienced tremendous changes throughout the 57-year period.
流程图
The first diagram shows that there are four main stages in the life of the silk worm.
First of all, eggs are produced by the moth and it takes ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on mulberry leaves. This stage lasts for up to
six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself. After a period of about three weeks, the adult moths eventually emerge from these cocoons and the life cycle begins again.
The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk cloth. Once selected, they are boiled in water and the threads can be separated in the unwinding stage. Each thread is between 300 and 900 metres long, which means they can be twisted together, dyed and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage.
Overall, the diagrams show that the cocoon stage of the silkworm can be used to produce silk cloth through a very simple process.
小作文必背词汇
上升:increase,rise,v:grow,n:growth.Ascend,level up,Increase to 到,increase by 了
下降:decrease,drop,fall,decline,level down
波动:go up and down,rise and fall
保持平稳:remain stable(remain constant)
明显的:dramatic-dramatically,V+adv,adj+n
剧烈的:Sharp-sharply
变化快的Steep-steeply,Rapid-rapidly
变化慢的 slight-slightly
微弱的:modest-modestly
不明显:slow-slowly Marginal-marginally Steady-steadily
到达顶峰:Reach a peak ,top
到达低估(最小值)
Reach the lowest point
Ps: generally, body temperature drops to the lowest point between 4 to 6 A.M. when the body is most at rest.
大约:approximately,nearly,about,almost,Less than = just under more than = just over
逻辑关系词:递进(从缓慢到剧烈)
Furthermore moreover in addition what is more
对比(剧烈上升-剧烈下降):On the contrary in comparison conversely
转折( 缓慢上-下):Nevertheless,nonetheless,however,yet,but
相似:Similarly,in the mean time
举例子:To be specific,such as,for example
特别是:Especially,particularly
分别:respectively,individually,separately
出现:appear,come to,lie in
平均:on average
结尾:To sum up,we have gained some information of sth.
动态的到达:Start at,amount to,arrive at,achieve,approach
静态的占据:
make up,take up,account for,compose of,comprise of,consist of,constitute of
the profit of company A declined slowly
1: which amounted to XX in 1995.
2:amounting to XX in 1995.
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