作文立意补充资料

材料作文基本知识 一、概念：材料作文，一般是指出题者只给出一些文字或图画材料，要求应试者根据所给文字或图画的内容自己命题进行写作。材料作文是只给材料不给题目，题目的确定，完全是靠应试者自己对所给材料的理解与把握而定。从命题的角度看，命题作文实际上是他命题，而材料作文则是自命题，这就是二者的主要区别。 二、类型： A 叙述型材料：叙述类新材料包括新闻事件，热点，现象，故事等。 一 般通过把握所记叙的人、事表现出的主旨来立意。 B寓言和名言型材料：此类材料，其含义常常含而不露，具有很强的隐喻性或象征性。如果就事论事，就只能触及皮毛，得到一个肤浅的认识。想要参透其中深层的哲理，就要善于类比，

巧抓“事”与“意”的相似点，深入挖掘内在涵义。

C观点型材料：是指表明观点，说明道理的材料。包括经典论断，议论性语段等。着眼于论述的主要观点，即材料中占主导地位的观点或选取具有辩证思维观念的观点。 三、特点：不给话题；材料蕴涵深广，具有现实意义；可多角度立意，但观点不能脱离材料； 四、要求：“三自”即自定立意，自选文体，自拟标题。 五、审题的原则，审题的方法: “三性四清” “三性”为审题的原则: a．整体性原则：新出来作文的审题要有全局意识，要从材

料的整体着眼，不能纠缠局部的细节，否则很有可能出现偏题走题现象。 b．多向性原则：一般来说，新材料作文中材料所蕴涵的观点并不是唯一的，从不同的角度可以得到不同的结论，因此，要学会多角度审视材料。 c．筛选性原则：因为我们从材料中获得的观点具有多样性，因此，在进入写作时对所得到的观点还要进行适当的筛选。筛选的原则：①服从材料的整体；②观点可能比较新颖；③自己有话可说。 “四清”为审题的方法。a．理清对象：有些材料可能会涉及到两个甚至两个以上对

象，这几个对象之间并无明显的主次之分，而是平行并列的关系。所以，从理论上来说，每一个对象都可以提炼出至少一个观点。 b．分清主次：有些材料可能会涉及几个对象，但这几个对象并不是并列的关系，其中有主次之分，那么，我们在审题时就应该分清主次，从主要对象入手进行分析，而不能是次要对象，否则有可能出现偏题现象。

c．辨清关系：有些材料可能会涉及几个对象，而且这几个对象之间存在着一定的内在联系，审题时一定要辨析清楚这几个对象间的可能存在的关系。

d．析清含义：有些材料蕴涵比喻或哲理，审题时我们首先应该认真分析，仔细揣摩，

从而揭示出材料所蕴涵的意义或道理，并以此作为立论的根据。

六、立意的要求：正确 深刻 集中 新颖

正确:所谓“正确”包括两个方面：一是思想内容正确，能准确全面地揭示客观事物所蕴含的意义；二是文章的立意要符合题意的要求，即切题。 深刻:一能够透过现象深入本质；二揭示问题产生的原因；三观点具有启发作用。 集中: 只有一个主题，中心突出 新颖：新的观念、新的见解、新的思考角度，能充分揭示事物的本质与规律，给人新的启

迪、新的联想

七、常见的材料审读的方法。 1、关键词句法 2、由果溯因法 3、辨明关系法 4、感情倾向法 5、联系实际法 6、多向辐射法 2014高考作文题目速览

新课标全国一卷：山羊过独木桥 新课标全国二卷：喂食动物失觅食能力

全国大纲卷：老王生病后得到众人帮助，痊愈后回报 北京卷：北京老规矩 上海卷：穿越沙漠和自由

四川卷：人只有站起后世界才属于他

江苏卷：什么是不朽 福建卷：空谷 想到悬崖峭壁或是栈道桥梁 湖南卷：心在哪里风景就哪 “最美乡镇干部” 辽宁卷：科技改变生活？“祖孙二人对万家灯火的不同看法” 广东卷：胶片与数码时代 山东卷：开窗看风景 江西卷：课内外学习探究

安徽卷：剧本修改谁说了算！ 重庆卷：租房 “房东老人与游客对待玻璃碎片的不同行为” 湖北卷：山顶的风景 天津卷：假如有一款智慧芯片 浙江卷：门与路

 

第二篇：英语20xx高考作文题目和范文

一（2014安徽卷）

为了帮助中学生健康成长，某中学英文报开辟了“HEART-TO-HEART”专栏。假设你是该栏目的编辑Jamie，收到一封署名为Worried的求助信。信中该同学向你诉说了自己的困扰：近日容易发脾气，使正常的学习和生活受到了影响。请用英文给该同学写一封回信。

【参考范文】

Hi Worried,

I'm sorry to know that you're having such a bad time at the moment. The truth is that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong, so you don't have to worry much. The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything you’ll regret. Here are three useful tips:

First, talk to someone you trust about how you feel. This is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself.

Second, go outdoors and play team games with your ftiends as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.

And third, remain optimistic about your future. Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.

I hope you'll soon feel calmer and carry on as normal.

Yours,

Jamie 二（2014北京卷）

第一节

你给英国朋友Chris写一封信，内容包括： 1.你们原计划7月份一同去云南旅游；2.由于脚部受伤，你无法按原计划前往；3.表达你的歉意并建议将旅行推迟到8月份。

【参考范文】

Dear Chris,

How is everything going?

I remember we planned to visit Yunnan in July but now bucause my left foot was injured, I cannot go with you as planned.

I’m sorry about it. Can I suggest that we put it off until early august? I wish you could understand. I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours,

Joe

第二节

假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，用校刊“英语园地”写一篇短文，记述你和同学们向学校提建议，解决自行车存放问题的过程。

注意： 1. 词数不少于 60. 2. 短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。

There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school.

【参考范文】

There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school; I noticed the entrance was small and almost blocked. So my classmates and I had a discussion and wrote a report. Then we went to meet the schoolmaster in his office and gave the report to him. He accepted our suggfestions. Soon afterwards, a second entrance was opened to the parking place. Now it is easy to park our bikes there.

三（2014大纲卷）

一家英语报社向中学生征文，主题是“十年后的我”、请根据下列要求和你的想象完成短文、家庭工作业余生活

【参考范文】

I often imagine what my life will be like in the future. I think my life will be very different in ten years. I will be twenty-eight years old by then. I will have my own family. Probably with a lovely child. I hope I will work in a computer company as a program designer. I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues; I will do a good job in whatever I do. In my free time, I will continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games. On my holidays, I will travel around the world. In a word, my life will be much richer and more colorful.

四（2014福建卷）

如何理解“成功”，不同的人有不同的看法。请认真阅读下面的引语( quotation)，按要求用英语写一篇短文。

“Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm."

- Sir Winston, Churchill

【参考范文】

This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn't get discouraged right after failures. Rather, we should keep trying with enthusiasm. Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures.

At the age of twelve, I got a nice bike as a birthday gift. So excited was I that I couldn't wait to try my hand at riding it. However, it was harder than expected. The bike seemed too heavy and difficult to control. Worse still, I took many falls off the bike. I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going. With more practice, I did better and better. Looking back, I feel I wouldn't be able to ride a bike had I lost heart.

Actually, we can't succeed in everything we try. What's important is that we should stick at it.

五（2014广东卷）

第一节

你接受一项写作任务，要为当地英语晚报写一篇报道。

［写作内容］

【参考范文】

Richard Avis, a British, was born on December 1st, 1974. In order to understand the meaning of successful life in different cultures, Richard, from 2011, began to seek time twins around the world. With the help of the local media, he has already found 32 time twins from 13 countries, of whom there are 17 males and 15 females. Their positions include government officials, athletes, drivers, teachers, artists and so on. Richard intends to find 40 time twins before his birthday and he is going to write a

book based on this experience.

第二节

阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 Osceola McCarty spent more than 75 years washing and ironing other people’s clothes. As a laundrywoman, she was paid only a few dollars each time. Certainly nobody would consider her rich, so they were all amazed when Miss McCarty decided to donate $ 150,000 to the University of Southern Mississippi.

The money was me savings. She could save such a large amount of money because she lived a very simple life. She never learned to drive, and when she wanted to go somewhere, she just walked. She never flew to anywhere till the donation（捐助），and in 50 years she had been out of the South only once. The house in which she lived was also a rather modest one her last uncle left her. Only after she became known in America did she begin to travel all over the country. Since then, she had been the subject of many interviews and articles and was even invited to the White House.

Her donation was for students who clearly needed financial help. She herself left school in the sixth grade and had never married or had children. She said to the reporters that the idea of helping somebody’s child go to college gave her much pleasure.

【参考范文】

六（2014湖北卷）

请根据以下提示，并结合具体事例，用英语写一篇短文。

Small things make a big difference. The small things we do can make us a responsible member of the society.

【参考范文】

It isn’t hard to grow up into a responsible member of society.

I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon. I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, which drove off quickly. A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation. Luckily she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital. Compared with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did.

As a member of the society, I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.

七（2014湖南卷）

学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品（如钢笔、书包、鞋子……)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以“My Magic为题写

一篇英语短文，介绍你的创意。

【一句多译】钢笔可以用作录音笔在闲暇的时候还可以作为Mp3。 ① The pen can serve as a tool recording what teachers say in class, used as Mp3 to play music when we are free.

② Served as a tool recording what teachers say in class, the pen can be used as Mp3 to play music when we are free.

【参考范文】 略

八（2014江苏卷）

阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。 When we read newspapers, we often come across such English words as "AIDS" and "PK." When we watch TV, we frequently hear words like "NBA" or "PM2.5." When we speak, we automatically use words like "OUT" or "Bye-bye." English words and expressions like these are getting popular. They have already become part of our daily language. And 239 English words have been included in the latest Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese.

The inclusion has started a heated discussion. A group of scholars signed a letter of complaint over the inclusion of these English words, which, they think, goes against Chinese language policies. They not only worry that Chinese is borrowing an increasing number of English words but are also concerned that the inclusion may hurt the dignity of the Chinese language. However, others are in favor of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language. They believe the selection is mostly a result of their function and use in daily life.

【参考范文】

支持：

Today, more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language. Even the Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese includes 239 English words. Some people support it while others do not.

Generally, I am in favour of the inclusion. As the number of English learners is on the rise, it's not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts. Besides, it is, on some occasions, more convenient to use English words. Most people nowadays use "IT" instead of its translation " xinxi jishu. " In our global village, we can see that it's not uncommon for one language to borrow words from other languages. In English, there are many words borrowed from Latin, French, or even Chinese. In fact,Chinese has never stopped taking words from other languages, say, "ganhu" or "minzhu" from Japanese.

So, it's safe to conclude that it is reasonable to include English which facilitates daily communication.

反对：

With English words getting popular in both media and daily life, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups: "For" and "Against."

I tend to take the "Against" side for two reasons. Firstly, this inclusion has actually polluted our motlier tongue. Sooner or later, many English accents will rise and fall with the four Chinese tones. And, rules don't tell us how to pronounce such English-turned Chinese words as "wifi" and "Out" in a Chinese way! Secondly, such an inclusion may give rise to prejudices of the educated against those with little knowledge of English. Just for one illustration, while college students take " Bye-bye" for granted when parting from each other, it may unconsciously hurt the feelings of someone who is used to "zaijian."

In short, not only has the inclusion poisoned Chinese, it may also bring about distance between the Chinese people.

九（2014江西卷）

假定你是星光中学的高中毕业生李华，母校将为高一新生举办主题为“What to learn in senior high school?”的英语沙龙活动，特邀请你结合自身经历谈谈自己的体会。请根据以下提示准备一份英语发言稿。

【参考范文】

Good morning, everyone! It is my honor to be here to share with my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.

In the coming three years , our school life will be challenging. First ,we should learn to learn efficiently. Personally, I used to try effective method to achieve my academic goals. Developing a goood habit is also of importance. It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons, get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught after class.

In addition, we should learn how to get along well with others. In school, I respected teachers and was friendly with classmates. It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.

Finally, we should take part in sports and outdoors activities frequently. They were really helpful to build up my body and enrich my school life.

No pains no gains. I am sure that with great efforts ,you will enjoy a colorful and fruitful life here.

Thank you!

十（2014辽宁卷）

假定你是学生会主席李华。学校将举办一次以”校园生活，创意无限”

（innovations on campus）为主题的创意作品展评活动。请你根据以下图示，以短文形式用英语写一份书面通知。

【参考范文】

Notice

An exciting event “Innovations on Campus” is around the corner. Every one of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills.

Note that your innovations must be school things. Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.

All the collections will be on show from June 16 to 18 in the gym. Looking forward to the prize-giving ceremony? Sure! It’ll be held from 15:00 to 17:00 on June 18. So don’t miss the chancc of being the winner. Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success. For any questions, call Li Hua at 44876655.

Come on, everybody! It’s your show time. tudent Union

十一（2014山东卷）

某英文报社组织题为“我喜欢的英语谚语”征文活动，你有意参加。请从下面两句谚语中任选一句作为标题写一篇英语作文，内容须包括：1.该谚语的含义；2.体现该谚语含义的个人经历。

【一句多译】

有一个古老的谚语： Where there’s a will, there’s a way”有志者，事竟

成。它告诉我们要坚持自己的目标不放弃。

（1）There is an old saying“ Where there’s a will, there’s a way”，which tell us to stick to our goal.

（2）There is an old saying“ Where there’s a will, there’s a way”，telling us to stick to our goal.

【参考范文】

（略）

十二（2014陕西卷）

假定你是中学生李华。美国一个中学校长代表团即将访问你校并出席英语周的一项活动。请根据写作要点和写作要求写一篇欢迎词。

【参考范文】

Dear American Guest,

On behalf of our school, I would like to express our warm welcome to you. We are lucky to have you here in the middle of our English Week Activities.

As scheduled, we have English Talent Show today. The purpose of this program is to develop our interest in English learning and practical abilities in listening and speaking. The programe consists of the following activities: recitation, singing, word spelling, story telling and so on. The Show will begin at two o’clock this afternoon at the Student Centre. Dear guests, you are welcome to take part in some activities. I hope we students will benefit from your presence. I sincerely wish you a pleasant time with us. Thank you. 十三（2014四川卷）

假设你是李夏，你的美国笔友Sam来信关心你参加商考的情况，请根据以下要点回信告知。

【参考范文】

Dear Sam,

Thank you for your concern. Well, I’m now taking the once-a-year college entrance examination. We are scheduled to attend the exam on June 7th and 8th, on the first day of which Chinese and math will be tested, the second day geography, history, politics and English.

Over the past ten months, we have been busy in preparing for this examination. Besides listening to teachers carefully in class, we often work deep into night. Therefore, I believe I can succeed.

At first, I felt a little bit nervous but soon I calmed down because Chinese and math, I came to realize, were very easy and English is my favorite subject, you know. So I suppose I can get a good mark which will enable me to enter my ideal college.

Best wishes!

Yours,

Li Xia

十四（2014天津卷）

假设你是晨光中学高二(1)班的班长李津， 得知美国学生Chris 作为交换生， 下学期将到你班学习。 请你根据以下提示， 给他写封邮件：表示欢迎; 介绍与本地生活相关的信息（如天气， 饮食等）; 介绍本班情况;希望Chris做哪些事情， 以增进中美学生之间的了解和友谊

【写作指导】

本文属于提纲类短文，要求以李津的口吻给Chris写信，介绍具体情况。所以本文使用一般现在时和第一人称。要点：1.表示欢迎；2介绍与本地生活相关的信息（如天气， 饮食等）；3.介绍本班情况希望Chris做哪些事情，以增进中美学生之间的了解和友谊。

【参考范文】 （略）

十五（2014新课标I）

假定你是李华，计划暑假间去英国学习英语，为期六周。下面的广告

引起了你的注意，请给该校写封信，询问有关情况（箭头所指内容）

【参考范文】

Dear Sir/ Madam,

I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation. I’ve seen your ad, and I’d like to know

something more about your six-week English course. First when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week? Besides, I wish there would not be too many students in a class. I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included Would there be host family or university dormitory?

I am looking forward to your early reply.

Yours faithfully, Li Hua

十六（2014浙江卷 ）

学校图书馆需要购置一批新书， 现向学生征求意见。假如你是李越，你认为学校图书馆最需要购置科普类图书（popular science books）和文学类图书（literary books）。请你用英语给图书馆王老师写一封100—120词的信，推荐这两类书，并分别说明推荐理由。

【参考范文】

Dear Mr. Wang,

Knowing that our library is going to buy books, I’d like to give some suggestions.

What we need most are popular science books. Usually popular science books explain basic principles of nature in a simple and interesting way. They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries.

In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration. That is why I recommend another category of books：literary books. Classic works, written by masters, present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language. They not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to think critically.

I’ll be glad if you can consider my recommendation.

Yours sincerely, Li Yue 十七（2014重庆卷 ）

写作一请结合材料，按要求用英文写作。

“ My friend falls, I laugh ； my phone falls, I cry. ”

【一句多译】

人们滥用手机，忽视了现实生活中与他人的联系。

① People abuse mobile phones, ignoring the true relationship with their friends.

② People abuse mobile phones, which makes them ignore the true relationship with their friends.

【参考范文】

（略）

（2014重庆卷 ）

写作二青少年研究专家Susan Beacham在自己的英文网站上开辟专栏,邀请大家分享心目中的“最 好礼物”。她认为,礼物贵在心意，应为之付出时间和精力。

【一句多译】

一天，当我打开书本的时候，我发现了附在第一页上一张漂亮的卡片，给了我最好的祝福。

① One day, when I opened my book, I found a beautiful card attached to the first page, giving me best wishes.

② One day, when I opened my book, I found a beautiful card attached to the first page, which gave me best wishes.

【参考范文】

（略）