大作文练习（四）（11月12——11月25日）

此计划最后有两个大作文题目，请按照要求完成（11月25日之前上交两篇大作文，英语（二）的同学重点完成图表类，请注意分层及逻辑连接词的使用。）

D 人口环境类

简介： 人口的失控增长是近几十年来全球的热点话题之一。人口的扩张不是一个简单的问题，而是涉及空间、资源控制、生态平衡、环境污染、经济发展、社会保障和福利等等一系列问题。当今世界上的许多疾病、矛盾、甚至是战争，都是由于人口爆炸而引起的。此外，人口问题还涉及人口质量、身体健康、性别比例、人口增长与财富分配、老龄化等常见话题。考生可以在平时的新闻报道中找到足够的信息，也可以多找一些报纸杂志上的评论文章来阅读，为自己积累论点和论据等。

一、人口环境亮点词汇

abate the city noises减少城市噪音

abundant resources of natural gas丰富的天然气资源

abuse water supply滥用水资源           afforestation 植树造林

blizzard暴风雪                        car emission standard汽车排放标准

carbon dioxide二氧化碳                 conserve natural resources保护自然资源

deforestation滥砍滥伐                  desertification沙漠化

deterioration恶化                      devastate／ruin／destroy毁坏

discharge of major pollutants排放主要的污染物

disruption of ecological balance生态失衡   drought旱灾dust storms沙尘暴

earthquake地震                  ease environmental pressures缓解对环境的压力

ecosystem生态系统                    eco-friendly生态友好型的

endangered species濒危物种             energy crisis能源危机

energy-saving measures节能措施         environmental pollution环境污染

environmental awareness环保意识        famine饥荒

garbage disposal垃圾处理               global warming全球变暖

greenhouse effect温室效应              harmful chemicals有害化合物

hazardous nuclear waste有害核废料       industrial waste工业废料

inexhaustible取之不竭的                landslide滑坡／泥石流

natural disaster自然灾害                 natural habitat自然栖息地

non-renewable energy sources不可再生能源  occupy cultivated land占用耕地

overgrazing过度放牧                   pest rampancy害虫猖獗

poisonous／toxic gases有毒气体    pollution prevention and control污染防治和控制

radioactive pollutants放射性污染物       recyclable product可循环产品

renewable resources可再生资源          rescue and relief work抢险救灾工作

resources exhaustion资源枯竭            sewage treatment污水处理

shortage of water resources水资源短缺     soil erosion土壤侵蚀

survival of the fittest适者生存            tap natural resources开发自然资源

technical upgrade技术革新               tempest暴风雨

the forest coverage rate森林覆盖率        tropical rain forests热带雨林

water and soil conservation水土保持       wildlife extinction野生动物灭绝

二、亮点佳句

※ The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our descendants．

   地球是我们的家，我们有责任为我们自己和子孙后代照顾好它。

※ The gas provokes respiratory problems among children and elderly people.

    这种气体在儿童和老年人当中引发了呼吸道问题。

※ The nations of the world have never agreed on how to halt the destruction of rain forests or save endangered species．But when it came to saving the ozone layer，which screens out the sun’s harmful destruction rays，they knew just what to do．

   就如何停止对热带雨林的破坏和拯救遭受危险的物种这些问题，世界各国从未达成过一致。不过，关于保护能够过滤太阳有害紫外线的臭氧层这一问题，他们则知道该怎么做。

※ Deforestation results in the increase to global temperature and unpleasant change of climate．

   森林过量砍伐导致全球气温的升高和气候的异常变化。

※ Scientists and experts are working together to find ways to prevent harmful gases from getting into the air．

   科学家和专家们共同努力，试图找出防止有害气体进入空气的办法。

※ The only way to slow down global warming, almost every scientist agrees，is to restructure the way we produce energy．

   几乎每一位科学家都同意，降低全球变暖速度的唯一办法是调整我们生产能源的方式。

※ By increasing conservation and energy efficiency and aggressively using these clean energy technologies，we can reduce our greenhouse gas emissions by significant amounts in the coming years．

   通过加强保护，提高能源使用率和积极采用清洁能源技术，在未来的几年中我们可以大量地减少温室气体的排放。

※ For now the world has a more urgent mission：to stop the planet from overheating，and do it in a hurry．

   眼下，世界正面临着一个更迫切的使命：立即行动，防止地球继续升温。

※ Climate change，with its potential to impact every corner of the world，is an issue that must be addressed by the world．

   气候的变化可能影响到世界的每一个角落，是一个全世界必须关注的问题。

※ Many factories discharge enormous harmful chemicals into air and rivers every day．To

kill insects，farmers use a large amount of insecticide so as to have a bumper harvest．As

a result, they pollute the air, water, and land．

   许多工厂每天把大量有害化学物质排放到空气和河流里。农民使用了大量杀虫剂杀灭害虫，以取得大丰收。结果，他们污染了空气、水和土地。

※  The rapid increase of the population in the world has been creating a series of problems,

ranging from food shortage to traffic and housing problems．

   世界人口迅猛增长已经带来了一系列问题：食品匮乏、交通和住房问题。

※ At the present time, no nation on earth is supporting its present population on its own sustainable flow of renewable resources．

   目前，世界上没有哪个国家能够仅靠自己持续性的、可再生的资源来养活本国人口。

※ If we fail to recognize the severity of these problems and to implement appropriate solutions. The future of the human species will be in great danger．The choice is ours to make and we must make it now．

   如果我们不能意识到这些问题的严重性并没能采取适当的措施，人类的未来将是危险的。如何选择由我们来决定，而且必须现在就决定。

※  Rapid population growth can affect both the overall quality of life and the degree of

human suffering on Earth．

   人口的快速增长影响到地球上人们的整体生活质量和受苦难的程度。

※ Many countries lack adequate supplies of basic materials needed to support their current population．

   许多国家不能为其现有的人口提供足够的基本物资的供应。

※ More people means heavier traffic．Moreover，because more space has to be used to meet the needs of the housing problems，it is almost impossible to widen the streets，which makes the situation even worse．

   人口增加意味着交通更加拥挤。而且，由于需要更多的空间来解决住房问题，所以几乎不可能扩展街道，这使情况变得更糟糕。

※ In the poorest countries，massive efforts are needed to keep social and economic conditions from deteriorating further；any real advances，in well-being and the quality of life are negated by further population growth．

在最贫穷的国家，需要花大力气来防止其社会和经济状况进一步恶化，而生活水平和质量的真正提高也被进一步的人口增加所抵消。

※ Our objective should be to assure that developing countries make family planning information，education and means available to all their peoples．

   我们的目标是要确保在那些发展中国家里，人人都能了解计划生育的信息、教育和手段。

※ The key factor，though not the only one，in dealing with population problems is sustainable social and economic development．

  尽管不是唯一的，处理人口问题的关键因素是保持社会和经济的可持续发展。

※ More public education is needed to develop more awareness about population issues．Facts like the size or the growth rate of the human population should be in the mind of every citizen．

    对人口问题意识的提高需要更多的大众教育，像人口数量或增长率之类的事实应该做到人人皆知。

三、黄金模板

The above pictures present us with two situations with sharp contrast. In the first picture , we learn that ________ (第一幅图片的内容) . On the contrary , __________ (第二幅图片的内容) . It is apparent that __________ (图片的主题) .

The purpose of the pictures is to tell us that due attention has to be paid to __________ (图片提示的现象) . For example , __________ (举例说明) . Consequently , __________(现象造成的结果) .

Therefore, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to deal with the urgent problem .First and foremost , __________ (措施 1 ) . Furthermore , __________ (措施 2 ) .

四、热点作文

A

Directions:

 Study the following picture carefully and write an essay within 160 - 200 words clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2

Your essay should meet the requirements below:

      1. describe the picture;

      2. present the severe results of the problem;

      3. suggest countermeasures. (20 points)

 

    人与自然，和谐相处

话题剖析

    图中有一个很大的垃圾堆，其中有各种生活和工业垃圾，可见我们当前的垃圾分还远远没有做到位，环境污染问题仍然很严重。首先描述图画，指出环保问题的严重性和紧迫性；然后引用相关事例说明当前严重的环境污染问题，或阐述污染环境的危害及可怕后果；最后落脚到如何解决问题上来，人类怎样才能与自然和谐共处。

范文赏析

①It's well accepted that our living conditions are getting worse and worse because of the destruction of our environment. According to the picture, our land is covered with an unbelievable amount of household waste and industrial trash, polluting air, water and earth. ②However, garbage pollution arouses little public attention.③ People just enjoy the sources now available, they think little about how difficult and how long the plastics and glass can be decomposed through natural processes.

Waste water running out of factories has polluted lakes, rivers and seas. Waste gases coming from factories and cars have made the air dirty. Both polluted water and air are harmful to our health and are unfavorable to the growth of other living things. Birds cannot live in polluted areas; fish in rivers are becoming fewer; some trees are dying. The denudation of forests and the opening of wasteland without a definite plan have led to disastrous consequences, such as drought or flood. Man has destroyed the balance of natural ecology.

④Considering the seriousness of this problem, people are starting to take measures such as treating waste gases, protecting water sources, and purifying waste water. But I think this problem cannot be solved effectively until everybody knows the importance of protecting our environment.

精品译文

人们普遍认识到我们的居住环境由于受到破坏而变得越来越糟。如图所示，我

们的土地到处充满了数量惊人的生活垃圾和工业垃圾，这些垃圾污染了大气、水源和

田地。而垃圾污染还没有引起公众足够的关注，人们只是一味地享受现有的资源，却

很少思考像塑料和玻璃之类的垃圾进行自然分解需要的时间有多长，困难有多大。

从工厂涌出的污水已污染了江、河、湖、海。来自工厂和汽车排放的废气使空气变得糟糕。被污染的水和大气对我们的健康十分有害，并且不利于其他生物的生长。鸟儿不能在污染区生存，鱼儿在污染的河水里变得稀少，有些树也奄奄一息。破坏森林和没有明确计划的开荒造成了灾难性的后果，像干旱和洪水灾害。人们已破坏了自然生态的平衡。

考虑到污染这一问题的严重性，人们开始采取一些切实可行的措施，例如处理

废气、保护水源、净化废水。但我认为只有人人意识到保护环境的重要性才能有效地解决环境污染问题。

预测范文高分语言和结构点评

①      ...are getting worse and worse使用现在进行时强调“越来越”，表示渐变的动词还有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin, etc．  如：The leaves are turning green. It's getting warmer and warmer.

②      熟记此句式：...arouses little public attention．表示某问题没有引起公众的足够关注。考生还可学习相关表达方式：1) ...attract relatively little attention. 2)...has/have come into public notice.3)...deserve to be taken seriously.4)To offer( an idea/a suggestion, etc.) for public consideration.公开发表提供（观点等）以引起公众注意5)attach weight to sth.; take sth. seriously重视

③“They think little about...”意为“他们很少思考”，可用同义结构替换：They seldom think/consider/regard...或It's( nearly)  out of their consideration( that)…

④ “Considering the seriousness of the problem” 表示考虑到问题的严重性。类似表达方式：in view of, in consideration of，etc．考生应掌握这类句式。

语言注释

(1)be harmful to对……有害 (2) denudation n．砍伐

(3) drought n．旱灾 (4)the balance of natural ecology自然生态平衡

(5)take measures采取措施

写作思路

  本文是一篇问题型作文，全文由“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”这一思路展开。作者开门见山地提出问题，并自然过渡到第二段，进一步分析问题，第三段提出了解决问题的方法，并在篇末提出了自己的观点。

B

Directions：Study the following picture carefully and write an essay of l60～200 words in which you should

1)describe the picture；

2)deduce the purpose of the drawer of the picture；

3)suggest counter measures．

行文思路

本题属于提纲式图画命题。图片中，电池生产厂家和环保部门都拒绝回收废旧电池，可见图片旨在反映电池的回收问题得不到妥善解决，会导致污染的进一步扩散这一问题。因此，本题为问题解决型作文。

 结合提纲，我们可以这样安排本文的基本内容与结构：第一段描述图画内容，指出电池生产厂家和环保部门都对废旧电池的回收持拒绝态度，从而指出处理废旧电池的必要性；第二段进一步分析废旧电池的危害性；第三段切实指出处理废旧电池的几个措施。

高分范文

How to Deal With the Discarded Batteries

The picture describes that both the battery producers and the Environmental Protection Bureau [l] say no to the used batteries，making old batteries nowhere to go．Actually，the used batteries[2] impose a great impact on the environment as well as on people’s health，and everyone should take part in the fight against battery pollution．

Batteries are widely used in our daily life，such as in cameras，mobile phones，cars，etc．[3]Once used，they are [4]littered everywhere and thus cause great damage．[5]One single AA battery can make a square meter of land harvestless，[6]let alone the harm of the numerous discarded batteries to men’s health．[7]Moreover，substances seeping out of the batteries may pollute the soil and the water sources，enter the human body again through the

crops，and contribute to many serious illnesses even cancer．Therefore，[8] it’s urgent for US to take measures to deal with the discarded batteries．

On the one hand，both the battery producers and the Environmental Protection Bureau should realize the importance of the issue and make more recycle bins available for every useless battery．On the other hand，it’s everyone’s responsibility not to discard used batteries [9] at random．All in all，we must[10]bear in mind the seriousness of the battery pollution．

佳句临摹

1．佳句：Actually，the used batteries impose a great impact on the environment…

临摹：入世给中国旅游业发展带来强大冲击，如何加强管理，提高旅游企业抗风险能力是旅游界讨论的热门话题。

2． 佳句：0ne single AA battery can make a square meter land harvestless， let alone the harm of the numerous discarded batteries to men’s health．

临摹：在旧中国，我们连一个钉子都造不了，更不用说制造机器了。

3．佳句：Therefore，it’s urgent for us to take measures to deal with the discarded batteries．

临摹：采取有效措施防止学生作弊已迫在眉捷。

五、作文练习

作文练习一：（英语一）

Directions:

    Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in which you should

    1) describe the set of drawings , interpret its meaning , and

    2) suggest counter-measures.

You should write about 200 words neatly.

作文练习二：（英语一）

Directions: Write an essay of 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

    1) describe the drawing briefly,

    2) explain its intended meaning, and then

    3) give your comments.

（P M   空气中微粒含量)

作文练习一：（英语二）

Directions:

In the essay you should

1) describe the chart,

2) give the possible reason for the phenomenon, and

3)give your comments

You should write should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

(繁荣的旅游经济  城市农村每年人均花费 /元)

作文练习二：（英语二）

Directions:

Study the two pictures below carefully and write an essay entitled “On the Relationship between Environment and Economy”. In the essay, you should

1)      Describe the pictures and interpret their meanings.

2)      Give your opinion with some proof, and

3)      Give your conclusion.

You should write 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.( 15point)