对比选择型：

Dictions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:

1） 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是……

2） 也有人持有不同意见……

3） 我的看法和打算

Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary?

A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of College English Test (CET).

Model One

Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary?

A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of College English Test (CET). This news causes a heated debate over the necessity of the test. It is commonly accepted that such a test in China is very necessary. In contrast, others think it unnecessary.

Those who hold the first opinion suggest that the speaking ability is very important in today’s society. In their view, a test of spoken English will urge college students to improve their oral English. However, others think that writing skills would be enough for daily use. They argue that spoken English does not necessarily mean better opportunities.

Considering one after another, I stand on the side of the former idea. First of all, English, as a language is a tool for oral communication. Furthermore, the ability to speak English fluently is a must for us in the more open China. Thirdly, the test will help us in our job seeking. Therefore, the test of spoken English is necessary.

Model Two

Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary?

A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of College English Test (CET). We may hear quite different comments on this idea. Most people take it for granted that such a test is necessary for college students. However, others hold a different opinion.

A dominant idea is that English as a language is a tool for oral communication. In this opinion, such a test will make college students realize the importance of oral English. Nevertheless, the objectors think that many people need not use oral English at work. They argue that the test may not reflect the true level.

As to me, I prefer the former opinion. On the one hand, I like exchanging ideas with foreigners. On the other hand, the ability to speak English fluently is a must for us in the more open China. Therefore, the test will give more incentive to our oral English. In conclusion, the test of spoken English is necessary.

Model Three

Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary?

A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of College English Test (CET). Different people will offer quite different ideas on this news. Many people assert that such a test is unnecessary in China. However, others believe that it is necessary.

Some may proclaim that fluent oral English does not necessary mean better opportunities. They maintain such an idea because many people need not use oral English at work. In contrast, the objectors think that a fluent spoken English is badly in need in today’s society. They argue that English as a language is a tool for oral communication.

As far as I am concerned, I agree to the latter opinion. First, the test can encourage college students to improve their spoken English. Second, the ability to speak English fluently is a must for us since China will continue her open-door policy. Last but not least, I like exchanging ideas with foreigners. In a word, the test of spoken English is necessary.

 

第二篇：英语作文的词语选择

1.词语选择的重要性

在The Right Word at the Right Time的“序言”中，编者对词语选用的重要性作了一个很好的比喻：“Using the right word at the right time is rather like wearing appropriate clothing for the occasion：it is a courtesy to others，and a favor to yourself-a matter of presenting yourself well in the eyes of the world."

显然，说话或写文章时用词适当比穿着适当难度大得多，因而也具有更大的重要性。在我国，古人写文章时常为一个词语的选用冥思苦想，因而有“语不惊人死不休”的说法。

成语“一字值千金”也说明了选择词语的极端重要性。有时“一字之差”造成令人遗憾的败笔，或招致成千上万的经济损失。这些反面的教训也告诉我们必须重视词语选用的问题。

2.词语选择的可能性

实际上，我们每个人的脑子里都有了一个或大或小的词库，只要我们肯去发掘，往往可以得到更好的表达方式。这是我们做好词语选用的主观条件。

从客观条件广看，我们有各种类型的词典和参考书，只要我们平时多翻译、多阅读，写作时勤查考，就会在词语选用上不断进

步。当然，一部好词典也不会毫无缺点，更难以面面俱到，因此在这里我们应牢牢记住著名英国作家、评论家和辞书编纂家Johson的话：

Dictionaries are like watches: the worst is better than none, and the best cannot be expected to go quite true.

3.词语选择的三项标准

关于择语标准，人们说法不一，但准确、鲜明、生动三项原则是公认的。当然，某词语用得是否符合要求，不可孤立地从词语本身的含义上着眼，还要看其具体使用场合，包括同其他词语搭配等。

1)择语的准确性

准确性，就是要根据使用场合选用确切的语言形式，正如有句英语俗语所言：

Do not write so that your words may be undetstood, but write so that your words must be understood.

著名美国作家马克·吐温说：“用词准确与用词几乎准确，这两者之间的差异就如闪电与萤火虫之间的差异。”(The

difference between the right word and the almost-right word is as great as that between lighting and the lighting bug.)

为了择语准确，必须熟悉词语的多义性。例如depression对心理学家、经济学家或地质学家来说，含义各不相同：

He is in a state of deep depression as a result of his setback latest experiment.

The depression first hit almost all the small and medium-sized enterprises.

Transportation was at a standstill caused by the depressions in the

highways after the earthquake in that area.

反之，也常常有几个词语可以表示类似的含义，如心理学上的“depression”也能

用melancholia，the blues，the dismal in the dumps，low等词语表示。

要做到准确选择，有必要注意词语的两种意义：“基本意义”(denotation)和"引申意义"(connotation)。前者指该词语的本身，或客观的固有含义，后者指该词语在一定搭配或上下句中出现的其他意义，往往比较含蓄，带有词语使用者的主观态度或感情色彩。如inexpensive和cheap都表示便宜的基本意思，如顾客问营业员：“May I have some thing cheaper?”意思是希望要价钱便宜一点的，当然并不是说质量可以不好，但cheap在其他句式或使用场合可引出“低劣”、“平庸”、“吝啬”、“卑鄙”等多

种意思，这类意思正是修辞上的“敏感地带”。

选用词语的准确性还表现在区分表示大体/抽象含义的词语和表示具体/特定含义的词语上，需要根据不同的使用场合做出正确的选择。抽象含义词语和具体含义词语不是两个对立的家族，在一定的条件下可以转化，如

labor一词通常带抽象含义，但并非一成不变。试比较：

A)Honest labor creates wealth for the society.

B)In the GM contract dispute, labor seeks a five-cent per hour wage increase.

上述A句中labor一词为抽象含义，泛指各种社会劳动，B句中labor为具体含义，特指WAW，即美国汽车、飞机、农业机械工人联合会。

2)择语的鲜明度

准确性是鲜明度的前提，也是提高鲜明度的基础。然而，鲜明与简练相关。英国文豪莎士比亚的名言“Brevity is the soul of wit”相当于汉语的“言贵简洁”。我们说话、写文章都要以“言简意赅”四字为目标，为此，应从两个方面加以注意：

A.在可以运用较简短的常见词语表达意思时不要用复杂而少的词语，如：do something for(不用perform，

accomplish)，用end/finish a letter (不用terminate，conclude)。

B.多余的或转弯抹角的词语都不利于明白地表达思想，因而下列短语中加括号的部分都应省去：

mutual aid(to each

other)(mutual)aid to each other，(an entirely)complete confidence，repeat the question(again)，return(back) from abroad，etc.

3)择语的生动感

生动感也可以叫做优美感

(gracefulness)，它是建筑在准确性和鲜明度的基础上的，否则，单纯追求生动或优雅，就会出现辞藻华丽(flowery)而内容空洞的文风，这是应当避免的。