（一、写作训练 二、范文赏析 三、写作四步法 四、图表写作实用句型 五、三段式写作。本文对于提高学生的写作意识有很大的帮助。可节选内容做成ppt）

一、写作训练：

1、请就山东省高考英语试题写作样题进行写作。时间25分钟。

如某校高中一年级某班四位同学的期末考试成绩单所示，部分同学在学习中偏重文科或偏重理科。请结合成绩单描述这一现象，并就中学生全面发展与特

2、Your writing:

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3、One possible version:

As we can see from the chart, some middle school students do better in liberal art lessons while others prefer science. Maybe our teachers or parents expect that we could do well in all subjects. But I have my own opinion.

I believe we students should try to develop our own interests or potentials. That’s because we are now living in a society in which personality and creativity are getting highly appreciated and encouraged. Special talents are more and more required. As it says, chance only favors the prepared minds. Therefore, it’s more likely for those who have got ready in some special fields to succeed.

However, we’d better balance our studies because we need to lay an overall

foundation for our future development. What’s more, we still have to achieve better

1 / 10

scores so as to get admitted into a college or university, which is an important step to success.

二、范文赏析：

赏范文，铸华章

———从高考样题范文中看写作能力的要求

写作作为英语考试的一个重要组成部分，集中地体现了考纲在语言意识、语言技能、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等五个方面对考生的要求。写作部分的评分标准明确指出了评分时应注意的主要内容为：

1、内容要点；

2、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性；

3、上下文的连贯性；

4、根据表达内容的层次适当分段；

5、语言的得体性。

下面让我们一起欣赏山东卷的样题范文，验证一下自己的语言欣赏能力吧：

如某校高中一年级某班四位同学的期末考试成绩单所示，部分同学在学习中偏重文科或偏重理科。请结合成绩单描述这一现象，并就中学生全面发展与特长

One possible version:

As we can see from the chart, some middle school students do better in liberal art lessons while others prefer science. Maybe our teachers or parents expect that we could do well in all subjects. But I have my own opinion.

I believe we students should try to develop our own interests or potentials. That’s because we are now living in a society in which personality and creativity are getting highly appreciated and encouraged. Special talents are more and more required. As it says, chance only favors the prepared minds. Therefore, it’s more likely for those who have got ready in some special fields to succeed.

However, we’d better balance our studies because we need to lay an overall

foundation for our future development. What’s more, we still have to achieve better scores so as to get admitted into a college or university, which is an important step to success.

2 / 10

赏析：

1、内容要点

作者在仔细审题，分析材料的基础上，透过现象抓本质，一句话写出了关键内容（some middle school students do better in liberal art lessons while others prefer science），并就此发表个人观点，体现出作者的独立思考能力（we students should try to develop our own interests or potentials）。然后，话锋一转，用全面、辨证的世界观看待问题（we’d better balance our studies）。作者分别以这两个观点为段落主题，从社会现实和未来发展等不同方面展开论述，引起读者的共鸣。

2、词汇和语法结构

范文中使用了许多高级词汇，如：develop our own interests or potentials、personality and creativity、appreciated、lay an overall foundation、achieve better scores等。为使语言富于变化，文中使用了同义、近义或相同感情色彩的词汇，如：do well in、do better in、 prefer、personality、 creativity、 talents、 appreciated、 encouraged、 required、 success、 succeed等。

从语法结构方面来看，文中使用了3处被动语态和6处非谓语动词。既有简单句，又有并列句和复合句。全文的10个句子中，包含了5个定语从句，2个宾语从句，1个表语从句和1个状语从句。语言长短结合，结构协调，错落有致。例如：That’s because we are now living in a society in which personality and

creativity are getting highly appreciated and encouraged.一句，句中的表语从句运用得恰到好处。如果把它合并到前一句中用作状语从句，成为I believe we students should try to develop our own interests or potentials because we are now living in a society in which personality and creativity are getting highly appreciated and

encouraged.表达效果会怎么样呢？试与文章中的其它句子进行比较，其缺点一目了然：一者句子太长，与其它句子不和谐，缺乏节奏感；二者第三段中还有一个原因状语从句，语言缺乏变化。

如此丰富的词汇和语法数量充分体现了作者丰厚的语言功底和灵活驾驭语言的能力，体现了语法的交际功能和语篇功能。

文中的As it says, chance only favors the prepared minds.一句非常精彩。名言、谚语的引用使文章锦上添花，进一步增强了说服力，提升了文章的可读性和档次。

3、连贯性

该范文的各个自然段之间，句子与句子之间衔接自然，文意顺畅。这首先是因为准确地运用了but、 therefore、however 、What’s more等过渡性词汇。它们像一根根金线把散落的珍珠串成串，使文章有机地粘合在一起。其次得益于丰富多彩的语法结构。这些句式的变换、选择及非谓语动词的运用与语言的连贯性有密切的关系。变换与选用句式是重要的语言表达技巧。第三，文中的几个代词as、 some、 others、 that、 which也给行文增加了润合剂，使得前后文一贯而下。

全文论点论据有条有理，脉络清晰，前后照应。本文从语言形式和文章内容两个方面综合考虑，确保了全文的连贯性，给读者以行云流水般的感觉。

3 / 10

4、适当分段

根据表达内容的层次适当分段，主要在于考查学生的谋篇分段，确定结构的能力。

全文3个小自然段划分为两大段。首自然段独成第一段，2-3自然段合成第二段。第一段指出学生的特长发展后，以老师和父母的观点作为铺垫和对比，引出承上启下的语句But I have my own opinion. 第二段中充满了辨证思维的智慧和理性思维的火花。作者立足于现实予以分层论述，入情入理，令人信服。

5、得体性

语言的得体性指能够恰当地使用语言，体现语境和语体的要求。同一篇文章应该在语体色彩和感情色彩等多方面保持语言风格的一致性。

本文是一篇图表议论文。作者用一个定语从句As we can see from the chart直接入题，选取合适的表达方式展开论述，用词简捷，选句灵动，层层深入，以理服人，达到了议论文的语体效果。

在感情色彩上，文中使用了大量的褒义词，如：do well in、 do better in、 prefer、 develop、 development、 appreciate、 encourage、 favor、 succeed、 success、 balance、 achieve、 interest、 potential、 personality、 creativity、 talent等。它们有的属于同义词、近义词，有的属于同根词。在语篇提供的语境中，这些词汇和谐共存，前呼后应，相得益彰。

本文有效地使用了maybe、 we’d better、 still、 It’s likely等缓和语，增加了文章的亲和力，同时使语言显得更加地道。

总体看来，本文思维严密，结构严谨，观点明确，论据充分，文段过渡自然，语言灵活多变，全篇文意畅通，充分展现出了英语语言的魅力。

如此的“美文是怎样炼成的”呢？

山东省英语教研员高洪德老师指出，要想拥有较高的写作能力，写出优美的文章，必须在平时的学习过程中踏踏实实做好以下几方面工作：

1、认真学习词汇、语法、句型等语言基础知识，做到准确理解和熟练运用。

2、坚持不懈地进行听和读的语言实践，使基础知识得到不断巩固和深化。

3、尽可能多地熟读、背诵语言地道、表达效果好的语篇、语段、或写作范文。

4、坚持不懈地练笔，进行写作实践。

5、关注现实，提高思维和认识水平，使自己的观点表达正确、得体、有说服力。

总之，同学们要站在该范文的高度，不断提高自己的语言审美能力并运用到自己的写作实践中；要特别重视对内容要点的扩展和深化，做一个有深刻的思想的考生，做到言之有理，言之有物，内容充实。为此，同学们应进行大量的语言输入，“读、听、写/译、说”五技并举，存储大量的语言基础知识，把词汇、语法当做输出时可以选择的有效手段，确保输出的准确性和流畅性；应借助得体连贯的语言结构对文章的内容加以润色；应充分考虑文章的篇章结构和文体特征，体现文章的写作目的和交际功能。

4 / 10

如果同学们写作时注意了以上要求，加上优美规范的书法，有谁不会被这华美的文章吸引呢？

三、写作四步法：

1、定文体

2、定要点

3、定时态

4、连成篇

（请自己从这四个步骤进行审题，并分析上文。）

四、图表写作实用句型

1.As we can see from the chart (graph / table / diagram)?

2.The chart (graph / table / diagram) shows that?

3.As is shown in the picture (drawing / photograph)?

4.As can be seen in the picture (drawing / photograph)?

5.It can be seen from the cartoon (picture) that?

6.When asked about (When it comes to /When faced with)?,the majority of (most / many / quite a few) people say (believe / claim / think / argue) that?, but others regard (view / see / think of / consider / conceive)? differently.

7.There is a general（ public) discussion (debate / controversy) nowadays on (about / over / as to) the issue (problem) of ? .Those who criticize (object to)? argue that?. They believe that? .But people who advocate (favor)?, on the other hand, argue that?.

8.With the development (improvement / rise / growth) of?

9.Now people in larger (growing / ever-increasing / significant) numbers are starting (beginning / coming / getting) to know (believe / realize / recognize / understand / accept / see / be aware) that?.

10.My reason (idea / opinion / view /suggestion) may be expressed as follows.

11.There are various (many / different / several / a number of / a variety of) effects (causes / reasons) for this sharp (dramatic / marked / significant / extraordinary) decrease (fall / growth / change / decline / increase) in? .Firstly, ? Secondly, ?

12. The decline (increase / change / failure / success) in? mainly (largely / partly) results from (arises from /is because of / is due to / is attributable to) the fact that (several factors)?

result in /come as a result of/ be the result of /as a result/as a consequence/ consequently/ This is when ?/ Problems begin when ?/ How have these changes come about? / Without greenhouse effect, there would be no ? / The increase in the temperature is due to the burning of

5 / 10

fossil fuels./ ?causes the temperature to rise by 3℃ (第12组出自人教课标Unit 4 Book 6第一篇课文)

13.It is no easy (simple) task (job) to find (give) the reason for this complicated (deep-rooted) phenomenon (tendency) which involves several factors.

14.It is high time that we placed (laid / put) great (special / considerable) emphasis on the improvement (development / increase / promotion) of?. 15.It is important (necessary / essential / fundamental) that effective (quick / proper / powerful / more) actions (steps / measures /remedies) should be taken to prevent (correct /end /fight) the situation (tendency / phenomenon).

16.There is no denying that serious (special / adequate / considerable / immediate

/ further) attention must be paid (devoted) to the phenomenon (problem / shortage /plight) of?

17. Research is carried out for two main reasons.

18. The reason why ?is that ?

五、三段法作文：

1、引入段的写作通常包括以下方法：

1）对立法：提出两种不同的观点，指明自己偏向于哪一种看法；或者指出一般的看法，然后说明自己的观点。例如：

(1)when asked about...., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that ...but i think a little bit differently.

(2)when it comes to...., some people believe that.. others argue /claim that the opposite/reverse is true. There is probably some truth in both argumengts/statements, but I tend to prefer the former /latter.

2)现象法：引出现象或者问题然后评论。例如：

（1）Recently the rise in problem of/phenomenon of...has caused/around public/popular/wide/world-wide concern.

(2)Recently the issue of/the problem of...has brought into focus /has been brought to public attention.

3)比较法：通过对过去和现在的两种不同的倾向、观点 的比较，引出文章要讨论的观点。例如：

（1）For years,..had been viewed as....But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing...,people..

(2)People used to think that....But they now share this new......

4)问题法：用设问引出观点或激起读者的兴趣。例如：

Should a primary student have a cellphone?/What are friends for?

2、主体段

主体部分是文章的主要内容，可以解释原因、举例说明 、使用数据、对比异同，是说明问题的主要部分。关于主体部分将在下面的内容进行介绍。

3、结尾段

结尾部分通常言简意骇的突出问题，并且提出方案或建议。

6 / 10

1）总结中心句

结尾再次回到主体句上，但不是简单的重复主体句，而是要在句式和措辞上有所变化，达到强调的效果。

例如：

On the whole, the advantages of science outweigh the disadvantages. Despite the various attitude people hold, we must realize that science in itself is neither good nor bad, and it all depends on how we make use of it.

2)建议句结尾

就前文的分析比较后，提出解决问题的方法或者建议。例如：

we deem it high time that measures be taken to encourage balanced diet and regular exercise so as to help people improve their health.

3)期望或者倡议

表示对将来的展望，或期待读者投入行动。如let's go in for sports的结尾：

As we have above, sports can be of great value .They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work better. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let's go in for sports.

4）预测未来

表示对未来情形的预测。例如On Smoking的结尾：

From the above analysis ,we can safely predict that, with people's increasing awareness of its damage, tobacco consumption will be decreasing gradually.

4.小结

全文应该围绕一个明确的中心论点展开，每个段落都是表达或者论述与主体有关的内容，段落与段落之间要互相衔接，在内容和形式上与文章的主体保持一致。每个段落包括一个主题句，2——3个扩展句或称阐述句，以及一个结论句。

段落发展的4种手段

1、举例法

我们来看下面这个用举例法展开的段落：

Television takes away time that should be devoted to homework. When my sister gets home from school, she will immediately flip the television on, leaving her homework for later. When she finally decides to do her homework, the television will remain on, and she will sit on the couch with her books propped up in front of her. giving it only half of her attention. Homework takes longer to complete, and it probably will not be her best work since only half of her concentration is focused on it.

2、对比法或比较法

These two restaurant do not cater for the same customers. McDonald's is located just off the interstate, so many of their patrons are not local residents .Aside from the over-the-road truck drivers who know the area, most of the Diner's customer are local residents. A s well as targeting different customers from Fox's Diner, McDonald's also place more emphasis on speed .McDonald's makes job specialization an integral part of their operation .They crank meals out on an assembly line .They use computers to take orders ,automatic timers to assist in cooking ,and radio headsets to communicate. Even the colr scheme used by McDonald's promotes speed. Studies show that loud colors like red and yellow increase customer turnover.

本段比较了两个就餐的，发现前者的顾客不是当地居民，而后者的顾客多是当地居民；前者更注重速度等。

7 / 10

3.分类法

4.因果分析法

Why is California so overcrowded? Probably the biggest single reason people live in California is the weather .California is a very desirable place to live. There is ....Together ,these places offer atmosphere conditions for almost everyone taste. Another reason is the different forms of entertainment that are available...

熟悉运用过渡词

1.常用于文章开始的过渡句

1）To begin with ,to start with 首先

2）Generally speaking 一般地说，总体上说

3）With(the development/progress/growth)of(economy/society)

2.常用于文章结尾的过渡句

1）In conclusion 最后

2)In brief 简而言之

3）To sum up 总之

4）It is high time that...

Only when we fully realize the importance of it can we make full use of it.

5)Only when ...can we ...只有当...才

3.常用于表示先后次序的过渡词句

1）To begin with ....moreover..,finally..首先....，此外....，最后..

2）Meanwhile 同时

3）Eventually ,finally 最后

4）Last but not least 最后但并不是最不重要的

4.表示因果关系及分析原因的过渡词句

1）As a result 结果

2）Due to ,on account of ,owing to 由于

3）As a consequence,consequencely

4)Therefore ,hence,thus 因此，从此

5)In view of 鉴于，考虑到

5.常用于比较和对比的过渡词句

1）unlike....于......不同

2）In contrast .....于......相比较

3)On the other hand....另一方面....

4）likewise 同样

5）by the same token 出于同样的原因

6）compared with ,in comparison with ,when compared with 与.....相比较

7）As opposed to 与.....相反，与.....相对比

8）contrary to ,on the contrary 相反

经典作文句型列阵

1.Nothing is +形容词比较级 than to +V

2.....can't emphasize the importance of...too much

3.There is no denying(the fact)that...不可否认

4.（there is）no doubt that ....毫无疑问...

8 / 10

5.Adj.+as+S+be,S+V虽然....

Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.

6.There is no one but ...没有人不....

7.It is conceivable that ...可想而知

It is obvious that 明显....

It is apparent that 显然

8.be+forced/compelled/obliged+to+.....不得不...

9.It pays to+V......是值得的

It pays to help others.

10.bring home to +sb.+sth.让.....明白

we should bring home to people that honesty is the best policy

11.....leave much to be desired 令人不满意

12.....pose a great threat to ....对.....造成一大威胁

亮点的分句必备

1.增加或者改变句首状语，改变句子开通

许多考生在写作中倾向与用名词和代词作为句子的开头，如People，we，i，he，they，she等。试比较：

People throughout the country have greatly demanded all kinds of nutritious food.

There is a great demand across the country for all kinds of nutritious food.

第一句用名词作为主语开头，第二句则用there+be句型开头。这样既改变了主语+谓语+宾语的单调句型，又把想强调的意思突出来。实际上，为了把文章写的生动活泼，除了用主语开头外，还可以用句子的其他成分开头。例如：

1）把副词放在句首

2）把不定时短语放在句首

3）把介宾短语放在句首

4）运用分词短语结构

2.使用倒装句

英语的基本句型是S+V+O。如果偶尔打破常规，改变某一成份的位置，不仅可以丰富句型，而且能强调、突出被倒装的部分。建议考生抓住经常引导倒装结构的否定词组，如by no means ,in no way, on no account等

3.使用虚拟语气

4.使用非谓语动词

5.变换句子的长短

6.适当使用被动句替换主动句

7.善于使用插入句

突出句子的重点

1.把重点摆在句首或句尾

一般而论，最显眼的位置是句首，其次是在句尾，中间的位置是最平淡，乏善可陈。

2.先从句，后主句

名词从句和形容词从句的位置较固定；副词从句的位置较为灵活，可以在主句之前出现，也可以跟在主句之后。通常我们就把这样的副词从句提前，重点则放在后头的主句。例如： I came upon an old friend when downtown yesterday

——When I went downtown yesterday ,I came upon an old friend.

3.把较重要或有分量的词语放在后头

9 / 10

4.适当时候，可用倒装句和平行句，

Some of the worst fighting took place here in the centre of the city.

——Here, in the centre of the city happened some of the worst fighting. （最后一部分摘编）

10 / 10