合理安排短文结构 高考英语人物介绍写作

合理安排短文结构 高考英语人物介绍写作

人物介绍属于记叙文(narration)的写作范畴,写作时要围绕人物组织材料。所写短文中应包括人物(who)、时间(when)、地点(where)、主要事件(what)等内容。写作时,要做到主题鲜明,内容清楚,并注意结构的完整性。 技巧点拨:

1. 仔细审题,确定主题。

2.合理安排短文的结构层次,组织好所提示内容表达的先后顺序。

3.句子时态要在上下文中有相关性、连续性,要与表达内容一致。

4.审题后要先列出简明扼要的提纲,其次写出草稿,经过修改之后,再正式成文。

常见可运用句型:

sb. is considered to be one of the greatest ...

Well known as ..., he ...

Born in a poor family, he had to ...

When he was a small boy, he showed a great interest in ...

Thanks to the help of ..., he was able to continue his education. Between ... and ..., he studied at ...

From ... to ..., he first worked as ..., and then he became ... He was praised/honored for ...

She devoted herself to scientific research and made great contributions to ...

She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her scientific achievements.

His achievements are worthy of praise.

下面是一篇关于科菲?安南简介的短文,刘伟同学不小心把第二段的顺序搞乱了,你来帮帮他吧!

Kofi Annan

Mr. Annan was born in Ghana, on 8 April, 1938. He attended top universities in Ghana, the U.S. and Switzerland and received a Master of Science degree in economics and management.

①Mr. Annan is fluent in English, French and several African languages. ②In 2001, Mr. Annan was appointed to a second term of office, beginning on 1 January 2002 and ending on 31 December 2006. ③On January 1, 1997, he became the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations. ④Under his leadership, more attention has been paid to AIDS and poverty issue in Africa. ⑤In 1962, he began working for the United Nations.

In 2001, Mr. Annan and the UN received the Nobel Peace Prize. Mr. Annan was recognized for his work towards a better-organized and more peaceful world.

Key: ①-⑤-③-④-②

河南 昝亚娟

 

第二篇:高考英语作文写作基础——篇章结构

高考英语作文写作基础——篇章结构

一. 教学内容:

高考写作专题——篇章结构

纵观历年的高考书面表达,其文体题材各异,有书信、口头通知、简介、日记、自我介绍、记叙文、描写文、说明文、看图作文等,不同的体裁需要考生应用适当的篇章结构,将题目所提供的信息清晰、明了、准确,逻辑合理地表达出来。

篇章结构在语言表达中起着非常重要的作用,同样的信息点会因为不同的表达顺序传达出不同的信息。层次分明,逻辑合理的篇章结构会让读者在很短的时间内获得并准确理解题目所规定的信息;而叙述顺序混乱,前言不搭后语的篇章则让人一头雾水,不知所云何物。当然,后者是失败的表达,即使作者在写作的过程中使用了再漂亮的词汇和句型,混乱的文章结构也不会让读者准确领悟作者的意图。

下面,让我们看看不同的文体题材所应用的不同篇章结构。

(一)记叙文体

记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有:故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。 记叙文的写作要素:

1 要交待清楚五要素的内容,即where, when, what, who ,how,给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。

2. 事情的叙述可以按时间或空间的顺序叙述,让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联,从而理解文章主题。

3. 时态通常使用与过去有关的时态,如一般过去时。

记叙文的篇章结构:

开头 the beginning——交待必要的背景。如:时间、地点、人物等。

中间 the middle——交待故事情节(事情的主体)。如:事件的发生、发展和前因后果。(可以使用表示时间或空间的连接词,使文章连贯。 如:at first…then…few minutes later…) 结尾 the ending——事情的结果或感想、愿望等。(所表达的感想或愿望应与所记叙的内容有关系,起到扣题或点题的作用,使文章结构紧凑)。

例如NEMT2000

假设你是李华,正在美国探亲。20xx年2月8日清晨,你目击了一起交通事故。警察局让你写一份材料,报告当时的所见情况。请根据下列图画写出报告。

高考英语作文写作基础篇章结构

高考英语作文写作基础篇章结构

高考英语作文写作基础篇章结构

高考英语作文写作基础篇章结构

注意:1. 目击者应该准确报告事实

2. 词数100左右

3. 结尾已为你写好

____________________________________________________________________________ About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital. Li Hua

要点解析:仔细观察所提供的图画,寻找记叙文的写作要点。

1. 时间:20xx年2月8日

2. 地点:公园路公园门前

3. 人物及场景:我正沿公园路向东走

4. 事件发生:一辆汽车从第三街向右拐,驶入公园路时撞倒了一位过街的老人。

5. 发展:汽车未停,沿公园路向西开走

6. 具体信息:汽车是黄色的,车牌号是AC864,司机是一位女性。

It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8,2000. I was (时间、地点、人物)

walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man

came out of the park on the other side of the street. Then I saw (事件的发生和发展) a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into

Park Road. The next moment the car hit the man while he was

crossing the road. He fell with a cry. The car didn’t stop but (高潮)

drove off at great speed heading west. I noticed the driver was a

young woman and the plate number was AC 864. About two (结尾)

minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to

the nearest hospital.

Li Hua

(二)描写文体:

描写文是将题目提供的人物、事物、景观、地点等用生动、形象的语言描绘出来。在写作过程中记叙加描述,让被描写的对象在读者的脑海中有一幅清晰的画面。

描写文的写作要素:

1. 围绕主题,选好细节,使文章内容既丰富又紧凑。

2. 描写顺序恰当。写人时由上到下,由表及里。描写地点时通常由上到下,从里到外,由远到近。

3. 注意描写详略得当,重点突出。

4. 努力运用生动形象的语言,恰当运用形容词,并要避免重复单调地用词。

描写文的篇章结构:

写人:

开头 the beginning——对该人物进行简要地介绍 (如身份,职业等)

主体 the main body——可以按照时间的顺序或在事件中的主次地位进行描述

结尾 conclusion——对此人的评价或感想。

写物:

开头 the beginning——对该物进行简要介绍 (如大约位置)

主体 the main body——按照空间顺序(上到下,左到右,里到外,远到近等)来描述此物,令读者在脑海中有一幅图画。

结尾conclusion——对此物的看法或感想。

NEMT 2003 全国

假设你是李华,你的英国笔友Bob将于九月到你所在的城市的建新华文学校学中文,来信请你在学校附近为他找一套住房。 请根据图画提供的信息,写信介绍住房情况, 并告知住房面积25平方米,月租500元。

高考英语作文写作基础篇章结构

注意:1. 词数100左右

2. 参考词汇:房租 rent

Dear Bob,

_______________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

要点解析:认真观察两幅图后,确定表达要点

1. 公寓的设施:一室带浴室、厨房

2. 公寓的面积、家具(25平方米,床,沙发,书桌,椅子)

3. 公寓的位置:(芳草街,离学校一站远)

4. 月租500元

Dear Bob,

I’m so glad to learn that you’re coming September. I’ve (开头,表示欢迎)

found a place for you. It’s a small flat of 25 square meters, with (公寓的情况:面积和构成) a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a (房间内部的设施) bed., a sofa, a desk and a chair. The rent is 500 yuan per month. (月租)

The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is no far from (公寓的位置和交通) Jianxin Chinese School. And No.11 Bus can take you straight

to the school. In fact, it’s only one stop. Do you think you’d

like it? If no, I can try and find another place for you. Just let (结尾,询问是否喜欢) me know.

Yours ,

Li Hua

高考英语作文写作基础篇章结构

(三)说明文体:

说明文是以说明的方式用简洁的文字介绍事物的特性、构造、变化或结果的文章。 说明文体的写作要点:

1. 抓住事物特征,安排好说明顺序,可以按时间顺序、空间顺序、或逻辑顺序(先因后果或先果后因),让读者一目了然。

2. 说明时要做到条理清楚,层次分明,语言简练,用词准确。

3. 说明文只是客观地介绍、解释事物,不带任何感情色彩,不需要生动的例证和解释细节。

4. 文章的时态通常是一般现在时,用于强调客观事实,被动语态也比较常见。

说明文的篇章结构:

开头the beginning——对要说明的事物或事情简要介绍 (如:说明缘由)

主体the main body——按照题目提供的信息分层次,按一定顺序进行说明,注意语言客观而简明,说明内容在层次和顺序上具有内在的逻辑性。

结尾the ending——一两句收尾的句子,表示说明到此为止。(如题目没有特殊要求,不要写个人对此事物的看法或观点。)

(NEMT2005 全国)

假设你是李华,最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。 以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。 请你给该报写一封信,反映讨论结果。

赞成迁出: 反对迁出:

1. 顾客多, 交通堵塞

2. 郊区环境好 1. 建于19xx年,中外闻名

2. 搬迁易造成动物死亡

注意:

1. 词数100左右,信的开头已为你写好。

2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

3. 参考词汇:郊区——suburb

July 5, 2005

Dear Editor,

Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city.__________________________________________________________ Yours truly,

Li Hua

要点解析:

有两种意见:

1. 赞成的人的理由:1)顾客多,交通堵塞;2)郊区环境好

2. 反对的人的理由:1)建于19xx年,中外闻名;2)搬迁易造成动物死亡

表达时注意理由的递进关系和因果关系.

Dear Editor,

Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about

whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city. Some (开头:交待讨论主题) of my classmates are in favor of the move. They say large (有的人赞成迁出)

crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams. They (赞成的理由1)

also say that once moved, animals will have more space and (赞成的理由2)

better living conditions in the suburbs.

However, other students are against the idea, saying that

the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years, and is (有的人反对迁出) well-known at home and abroad. So it should remain where it is. (反对理由1)

What’s more, moving may cause the death of some animals. (反对理由2)

To move or not, this is a big decision which has to be

made by people in Beijing.

Yours truly, (结尾:仍需作决定)

Li Hua

(四)应用文体:

应用文体是人们日常生活和工作中广泛使用的文体。书信、通知、请柬、便条、日记、演讲稿、履历表等都是常见的应用文体。

应用文体的写作要点:

1. 应用文的语言一般来说都比较规范,有它们特定的语言表达方式,在平时就要积累不同文体的常见套话。(如开头和结尾的套话要运用恰当,符合文体特点。)

2. 应用文的目的在于传达给众人基本信息,如理由、时间、地点、参加人、活动内容等,在写作时要注意这些要点的明确体现。

3. 应用文的语言重在实用,力求语言平实、准确、简洁,句子不要过长,让读者一眼就明白文章想要表达的要点。

4. 不同的文体会采用不同的时态,如:日记一般用过去时,通知和请柬采用一般现在时和将来时等。

应用文体的篇章结构:

开头:the beginning——不同的应用文会有不同的开篇套话来交待事由。

如:书信——I am glad to receive your letter. In your letter, you asked me about … Here is my

idea.

Many thanks for your last kind letter. In your letter…

通知——Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention please?

I have something important to tell you.

日记——This afternoon, I went to …

求职信——I wish to apply for the position of …

主体:the main body——用简单明了的语言将试题提示用英语表达出来,包含全部的基本信息。表达顺序基本为时间、地点、参加人、活动内容等。

结尾:the ending——用不同文体的套话来结束文章。

如:书信——I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Please give my regard to your family.

通知——That’s all. Thank you very much.

日记——Though we were very tired, we felt very happy.

求职信——If you consider my application, please let me know. I am looking forward to hearing from you. Thanks a lot.

(NEMT2004 全国)

假设你是李华,你的美国老师Miss Morgan 要求你们明天下午去听一个美国历史的讲座。你因故不能参加。请你根据以下要点,写一封信向Miss Morgan请假。

内容要点:

1. 表示歉意

2. 理由:去机场接人

3. 询问:是否有录音,以便补听讲座

注意:1. 词数100字

2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节,以使行文连贯

Dear Miss Morgan,

_________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

解析:短文必须包括的要点:

1. 对听讲座请假并表示歉意

2. 机场接人

3. 是否有录音

4. 补听录音

篇章解析:

Possible version:

Dear Miss Morgan,

I am so sorry that I won’t be able to attend the lecture on (表明对听讲座请假) American history tomorrow afternoon. My uncle is returning (请假缘由)

home from France, and I have promised to meet him at the

airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon.

I am very much interested in American society and history. (询问讲座录音的事) I wonder if it is possible for the talk to be recorded. And if so,

could I borrow the tape? It would mean a great deal to me to (希望补听录音) listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk.

Yours sincerely, Li Hua

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