九年级第二学期化学实验教学计划

一、学生基本情况分析

从学生的知识基础看，学生前面的学习中已了解一部分与化学有关的基础知识。从学生的能力发展水平来看，大多数学生已经形成了一定的逻辑推理和分析问题、解决问题的能力，并具备了一定的实验操作能力。从学生的学习习惯与方法看，75%左右的学生养成了良好的自学习惯，掌握了基本的学习方法，能独立完成实验，但个别学困生自制力差。从学生的学习态度看，各个班的同学90%以上要求进步，态度端正，上进心强，但部分同学学习目标欠明确。各个班发展较为均衡。面对实际情况，在今后的教学中，因材施教，使他们得以全面、健康地发展。

二、实验内容分析：

新课程标准强调科学探究的重要性与有效性，旨在转变学生的学习方式，使学生积极主动地获取化学知识，激发学生亲近化学、热爱化学并渴望了解化学的兴趣，培养他们的创新精神和实践能力，同时，为了突出学生的实践活动，充分发挥化学学科内容特点，重视科学、技术与社会的联系，新教材将原有的部分演示实验和分组实验全部改为“活动与探究”、“家庭小实验”等。这就为学生创造了良好的实验氛围，为他们积极主动地获取化学知识、在实验中切身体会到过程提供了条件。 演示实验有：合金的性质、溶液、金属的化学性质、溶液的配制、酸、碱、盐的性质等。这些实验有助于研究基本概念、基本理论，同时，也有助于学生养成良好的实验习惯、掌握一定的实验方法并形成严谨的科学态度和求实的精神。 活动与探究有：探究金属的活动性顺序；探究铁制品锈蚀的条件；探究物质溶解时温度的变化；探究什么是饱和溶液；探究如何绘制溶解度曲线；探究自制指示剂在不同溶液中的变化；探究酸、碱的化学性质；探究酸、碱的之间会发生什么反应；用PH试纸测定一些溶液的PH；测定溶液酸、碱度对头发的影响；探究如何提纯粗盐；探究初步区分氮肥、磷肥、钾肥的方法；探究有机物的组成；探究如何查看服装面料的纤维种类等。通过这些实验，让学生从实验成果中体会到实验是进行科学探究的重要手段，让学生体会到实验基本操作技能在完成一定的实验过程所起的重要作用，从而增强学生对实验的认识并提高实验中掌握基本操作技能的科学自觉性、积极性和主动性。

三、实验目标：

化学实验是进行科学探究的重要手段，学生具备基本的化学实验技能是学习化学和进行科学探究的基础和保证，化学课程要求学生遵守实验室的规则，初步 形成良好的实验工作习惯，并对实验技能提出如下要求： 1、进一步熟悉药品的取用、简单仪器的使用和连接、加热等基本的化学实验操作。 2、能在教师指导下根据实验的目的选择实验药品和仪器，并能安全操作。 3、初步学会配制一定的溶质质量分数的溶液。 4、初步学会根据某些改造性质检验和区分一些常见的物质。 5、初步学习使用过滤、蒸发的方法对混合物进行分离。 6、培养学生良好的实验工作习惯和动手能力。 7、能有意识地从日常生活中发现一些有价值的问题，能在教师的指导下根据实验方案进行实验，并通过对实验现象的观察和分析得出有价值的结论。 8、能知道化学实验是都进行科学探究的重要手段，严谨的科学态度、正确的实验原理和操作方法是实验成功的关键。 9、逐步培养学生观察问题、分析问题综合问题的能力和实验能力。

四、实验措施：

1、加强实验教学的探究，从不同角度激发学生的学习兴趣。 2、以提高学生的科学素养为主旨，以问题为中心，培养学生自主探究能力与合作精神。 3、让每一个学

生以轻松、愉快的心情去认识多姿多彩与人类息息相关的化学，积极探究化学变化的奥

秘，增强他们学好化学的信心。 4、做好实验前的充分准备，做到课前演示。 5、创造

条件，增加学生动手实验的机会。 6、教师要从科学态度、规范操作上给学生示范并启

发引导学生从生动的直观上升到抽象的思维。 7、注意从学生已有经验出发，让他们在

熟悉的生活情境中感受到化学的重要性，并在探究中切身感受化学与生活的密切联系。

8、实验前要求学生预习实验内容，实验中仔细观察实验现象，并认真做好记录，实验后

认真填写实验报告。 9、对有困难的实验，应尽量发挥创造性，因地制宜设计一些与生

产和生活密切相关的实验。 10、根据学校实际情况，将部分演示实验改为活动与探究，

可更好地激发学生的兴趣。 11、鼓励并指导学生动手做一些家庭小实验，以进一步激励

他们学习化学的积极性和探索精神。 12、加强课堂教学，激发学生的学习兴趣，培养

学生动脑、动手、动口的能力以及独立操作的能力。 13、优化课堂结构，向课堂45分

钟要效益，平日注重实验与操作相结合，教师适时点拨、指导。 14、使他们都能具备

适应现代化生活及未来社会所必需的化学知识、技能、方法和态度，具备适应未来的生

存和发展所必备的科学素养同时又注意使不同水平的学生都能在原有基础上到良好的发

展。 15、搞好课外活动，如开展兴趣小组活动、知识讲座、化学实验竞赛、专题讨论、

实验教具制作、等等，留给学生空白，发挥学生特长，培养其创新精神和实践能力。

五、教学进度安排

1、 比较合金和纯金属的硬度、

探究活动：金属活动性顺序

探究活动：铁钉锈蚀条件 蔗糖溶解

2 溶解时的吸热或放热现象

3 碘或高锰酸钾分别放入水或汽油中

4 探究活动：饱和溶液 三种配制溶质质量分数一定的溶 液

5 向溶液中加入酸碱指示剂

6 观察盐酸、硫酸 、浓硫酸的腐蚀 浓硫酸的溶解 观察氢氧化钠 、生石

灰与水反应

7 探究活动：碱的化学性质

8 探究活动：用PH试纸测定一些液体的PH

9 探究活动：

10 探究活动：探究初步区分氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的方法

大岭中学

于丽珠

第二学期化学实验教学计划

大岭中学

于丽珠

 

第二篇：初三下学期英语教学计划

初三下学期英语教学计划

★清华大学★英语系测试：为中学英语量身定做.

官方网站：http://qinghua.yeryy.com/

清华大学英语教授50年研究成果

初三下学期英语教学计划

一、教学目的

1、激发学生的学习热情和兴趣，提高学习英语的综合素质和技能。

2、深化课堂教育教学改革，完善课堂教学。

3、圆满完成初中英语教育教学目标和中考英语教学任务

 二、教学任务 本学期初三(  )班的英语教学任务是〈新目标〉Unit14-15单元以及中考备考总复习。随着初三新课教学任务的完成，备战中考成为面临的重要任务。我们英语备课组加强对教学大纲及考试说明的研究，备好每一堂课根据近几年中考试题新特点及学生实际情况，采取“三轮复习法”作为毕业班的总复习计划，“三轮复习法”要求先全面学习，后进行重点复习和适应性考试复习。做到着眼全面，突出重点，点面结合，把全面复习和重点复习有机结合起来。这样既系统全面又有所侧面的复习，能使学生较好地掌握所学的知识。

具体目标：针对初三教学班的实际情况，我制定了以下几方面的教学目标：

第一轮复习阶段：第一阶段我们主要用教委发的《复习导引》这本书，侧重语法专题复习，如词法、句法、时态、语法等，让学生建立一个完整的语法知识网络。此外，通过练习查漏补缺，及时解决存在的问题。要求突出重点，牢固掌握。在总揽教材，学生对基础知识掌握得比较扎实基础上，相应地提高要求，进行系统整理消化，抓住重点，加深理解，强化记忆。要求学生对那些在教材中多次出现和辅导教材中一再提及，反复强调部分，应视为重点，格外加以注意。同时有针对性地指导学生记忆的方法，培养记忆能力。知识掌握不系统、内容混淆互相干扰，解题时应会判断失误，做错题目。这要求教师在这一阶段复习过程中防止简单的重复，反对面面俱到，而是遵循精讲多综的原则，做到讲—练—评结合。既要教学生解题要领，帮助学生理解题目与题目之间的联系，同时又针对历年中考题型强化训练，使学生在答题时做到灵活运用，触类旁通，举一反三。

 第二轮复习阶段：复习重点以各册课文知识点扫描为主，过教材，抓基础。复习课不同于新授课，教师要充分调动学生的积极性，培养学生自我总结、自我归纳、自主学习的能力。教师不能一人包办，将课堂变成一言堂，教师只起引导、点拨的作用。要求教师认真备课，对所复习内容包含的知识点、考点做到心中有数，主次分明，注意补充学生归纳遗漏的重点知识，同时因为是总复习，一定要注意知识的系统性。这一阶段主要是回归课本，针对学生对已学基础知识,因时间比较长,部分已遗忘的共性，本着“依纲靠本”和“温故知新”的原则，要求学生一步一个脚印，扎扎实实搞好基础知识的复习。这一阶段应按教材顺序归纳语言点，讲透语言点运用，对各单元的知识要点进行梳理，同时应注重基础词汇、词组、句型的过关。在复习过程中，还要采取一些必要的措施来巩固和增强复习效果。

第三轮复习阶段是对学生的考前指导与适应性训练,主要目的是适应中考要求, 全面提升学生应对考试的能力提高应试技巧。本轮侧重培养学生审题解题能力，同时要在教师指导下进行综合练习和模拟测试，知识考查和能力考查并重，从而使复习达到良性的循环：知识—能力—知识。主要是针对一模和二模题，对学生进行查缺补漏。

 三、教学安排

二月11日至二月25日完成Unit14-15单元的教学任务

二月26日至三月25日第一轮复习：专题语法训练，知识分类讲解

三月26日至五月10日第二轮复习：五册课本疏理，话题分类复习

五月11日至六月10日第三轮复习：考前适应训练，模拟中考复习，

★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.

官方网站：http://qinghua.yeryy.com/

清华大学英语教授50年研究成果

八年级上册英语第一次段考试卷

CLASS:    NUM:     NAME:        MARK:

一、选择题(20分)

(   ) 1.You ______ your coffee before it turns cold.

A. should drink  B. should drinks  C.should drinking  D. should to drink

(   ) 2. She told us the good news with ______ smile ______ her face.

A. a ; in   B. an ; in    C. a , on   D. an ; on

(   ) 3. Can you _______ this letter from German ______ English?

A. translate ; by  B. translation ; by  C. translate ; into D. translation ; into

(   ) 5. ---How about him?     ---He just gave me _____ advice.

A. a   B. an    C . /    D. some

(   ) 6. Let’s go out for a ______ of fresh air.

A. breath   B. breaths   C. breathing   D. breathe

(   ) 7. ---May I ______ a dictionary ______ a library?     ---Certainly.

A. borrow ; to   B. borrow ; from   C. lend ; to   D. lend ; from

(   ) 8. ---What else do you need, Mum?

       ---______ else, I think. We’ve got everything ready.

A. Something   B. Anything    C. Nothing    D. Everything

(   ) 9. ---______ do you have an English party?      ---Once a month.

A. How old   B. How far   C. How often   D. How long

(   ) 10. ---Do you like the music the Moonlight Sonata?

   ---Yes, it ______ really beautiful.

A. feels    B. sounds    C. listens    D. hears

(   ) 11. ---Have a goodweekend!   ---________.

A. Sure, it will be wonderful   B. Thanks, the same to you

C. Of course, no problem      D. Yes, don’t worry

(   ) 12. ---_____ has your friend studied English?   ---Since 2001.

A. How long   B. When   C. Why   D. What time

(   ) 13. We ______ each other since the year of 1948.

A. have got to know   B. have known  C. got to know  D. knew

(   ) 14. We _____ study hard for our parents and ourselves.

A. can   B. have   C. may    D. should

(   ) 15. I always ______ the school before seven o’clock.

A. reach to    B. get    C. arrive   D. reach

(   ) 16. I can speak only ______ English now.

A. few   B. a few    C. little   D. a little

(   ) 17. We find ________ difficult to get there before 8 o’clock.

A. her   B. it   C. this   D. that

(   ) 18. ----Have you finished your work ______?

   ----Yes, I have. I’ve ______ finished it.

A. yet; already  B. already; yet  C. just; already  D. already; yet

(   ) 19. He’s _____ China twice. He’s visited many interesting places there.

A. been to   B. gone to   C. going to   D. going to go to

(   ) 20. Mr Smith ____ to American 10 years ago and has been there _____.

A. has gone, since then   B. went, from then

 C. have gone, since then  D. came, ever since

(   ) 21. ---Where’s your father?   ---He ______ to work.

A. has gone   B. went   C. has been   D. will go

(   ) 22. How long _____ you ______ here since you ______ to Beijing?

A. did; live; came   B. did; live; have come 

C. have; lived; came   D. have; lived; have come

(   ) 23. My parents ______ Tianjin for 50 years.

A. have been in   B. have been to   C. have gone to   D. have been

(   ) 24. This is the best film I have _______ seen.

A. never   B. ever   C. once   D. always

(   ) 25.Don’t forget ______ this book to the library tomorrow.

A. to return    B. return   C. returning    D. returned

(   ) 26. My father had to work ______ Sunday morning.

A. in   B. to   C. on   D. at

(   ) 27. “_____ does it take?” “It takes half an hour.”

A. How long   B. How soon   C. How far   D. How often

(   ) 28. Please remember ___ to Beijing ____ business ____ plane.

A. go ; on ; by   B. to go ; by ; in   C. to go ; on ; by   D. go ; on ; in

(   ) 29. ----Have you heard the news ______?    ----No, not ______.

A. already ; already  B. yet ; already  C. yet ; yet  D. already;yet

(   ) 30. ---Have you ever written a letter to your friend?  ---Yes, I ______.

A. do   B. ever   C. am   D. have

(   ) 31. ---What do you ______ our new car?   ---I think it is beautiful.

A. find   B. like   C. think    D. think of

(   ) 32. ---Who ______ read the new book? Please tell me something about it.

A. has just    B. just has   C. already has    D. has yet

(   ) 33. ---Where are the girls?  ----They _____ the zoo.

A. have been to  B. have gone to  C. have been in  D. have gone in

(   ) 34. ---How often does the boy go to see his granny?  ----_______.

A. Twice a month   B. Two times a month 

C. Three time a month  D. One time a week

(   ) 35. ______ them got the right answer.

A. No one of   B. Not any   C. None of   D. None

(   ) 36. ---Where is your father?   ---He _____ to Australia on business.

A. has been   B. has gone   C. went   D. will go

(   ) 37. I hope my dream of swimming across the English Channel will ______.

A. come to true  B. come real   C. come true  D. become true

(   ) 38. The girl was born ___ May, 1991 and came to Tianjin ___October 10, 2003.

A. in ; in   B. on ; on   C. in ; on   D. on ; in

(   ) 39.---What are you going to do this weekend?   --- I _____ yet.

A. haven’t decided  B. won’t decide  C. have decided  D. didn’t decide

(   ) 40. ---Bob, it’s getting cold. ___ take a jacket with you? ----All right, Daddy.

A. Why not   B. What about   C. Would you like  D. You’d better

二、完型填空（10分）

   Mr. Jackson began his trip last Saturday. Two days later when he was traveling in the country ____ , he saw a dog behind a man. As the car came near them, the dog suddenly started to ____ the road. Of course the car hit the poor animal and killed it.

   Mr. Jackson ______ his car and walked to the man. “I’m very ______ that this happened.” he said. “How much shall I ______? Will ten dollars be enough?”

   “Oh, yes.” said the man. “Ten dollars will be ______ enough.” Mr. Jackson put his hand into his pocket, but he only ______ five dollars in the pocket. “ Sorry, sir, I’ve only_______five dollars.” Said Mr. Jackson.

    “No problem. That’s enough.” the fat man replied. “Thanks a lot. That’s very kind of

you.” Mr. Jackson thanked the fat man and ______ away. When the car went away, the fat

man looked down at the dog and thought. “ I want to know ______ dog it is.”

(   ) 1. A. by bus   B. by bike   C. by train   D. by car

(   ) 2. A. go       B. cross     C. run  D. jump

(   ) 3. A. started   B. ran       C. stopped    D. jumped

(   ) 4. A. sad      B. lucky      C. sorry      D. pleased

(   ) 5. A. give      B. take       C. bring      D. pay

(   ) 6. A. quite     B. very       C. much      D. so

(   ) 7. A. looked for   B. looked at   C. watched    D. found

(   ) 8. A. seen     B. had     C. got     D. paid

(   ) 9. A. drove    B. ran     C. walked    D. started

(   ) 10. A. what    B. whose    C. which    D. where

三、根据汉语提示完成句子。（30分）

1. 你为什么不写下这些正确的单词？

 Why _____ you _____ ______ the ______ words?

2.尽量交朋友并且带领他们参观你的城市。

Try _______ ______ ______ and ______ them ______ your city.

3. 请你记住回信。Please _______  ______ write _______  _______ me.

4.周末我经常帮助妈妈做家务。I often _____ my mother ______ the housework.

5.你参加过比赛吗？Have you ever                      ?

6. 他们还没有去过火星。They _____  _____  ______ Mars ______.

7.在你讲英语之前，深呼吸一口并且笑一笑。

Before you speak English,take                      and smile.

8. 你看过一本关于太阳系的书吗？

_____ you ______ a book _______ the ______  ______?

9. 你在忙什么呢？    ______ are you _______  ________?

10. 你觉得这本小说怎么样？______  ______  ______  ______  ______ the novel?

11.弄清楚宇宙有多大是困难的。

It is hard ______  _______  _______ large the ___________ is.

12.为什么没有人从别的行星上给我们发送信息呢？

Why has ____  _____  _____ other  planets _____ us a message?

13. 飞机已经到达了吗？   _____ the plane ______  _______?

14. 我听说你父母到北京出差去了？

 I hear your parents ______  ______  _______ Beijing ______.

15.为什么你不把正确的拼写和语法写在错误的旁边呢？

_____don’t you _____ _______the ______spelling and grammar _____ _____ the mistakes?

四、阅读理解：（30分）

A

Radios and television are very popular in the world . Millions of people watch TV . Perhaps more people listen to the radio . The TV is ,of course , more useful than the radio . On the TV you can see and hear what is happening in the world .

Now radio is still with us . And the number of listeners is becoming larger . One reason for this is the invention of the transistor (半导体) radio . A transistor radio is sometimes very small .It is very easy to carry. You can put one in your pocket and listen to it on the bus or on your bike when you go to work . It is better for blind people .The sight (视力) of many old people is not good enough to watch TV . Then , they can listen to the radio . When people are working , they can’t watch TV , but they can listen to the music or news over the radio . What’s more , radio is much cheaper than TV .

(   ) 1. Radio and television _____ in the world .

A.  are both widely used         B.  are both expensive   

C.  have been changed a lot    D.  are used for learning things

(   ) 2. Radio and television are very useful because it can help you to ____  

A.  know what is happening in the world

B .  hear what is happening in the world

C .  know what the world is like

D .  see what the people on the world are doing

(   ) 3.The number of listeners is becoming larger because

A.  the radio is very easy to carry

B .  the radio is good for blind people and old people

C .  the radio can be used at any time

D.   A ,B and C

(   ) 4. ____when you are on the bus or on your bike .

A . Radio can be heard       B.  TV can be seen

C . Radio can be listened to    D.  TV can be used 

(   ) 5. Radio is used a lot because _____

A . it costs less than TV        B.  it costs more than TV

C . it is not cheaper as TV      D.  people don’t like TV

B

In England nobody under eighteen years old is allowed (允许) to drink in a bar (酒吧)．

Mr Thompson often went to a bar near his house．But he never took his son, Tom, because he was too young．Then when Tom had his eighteenth birthday, Mr Thompson took him to his usual bar for the first time．They drank for an hour．Tom drank a bit．Then Mr Thompson said to his son,“Now, Tom, I want to teach you a useful（有用的） lesson．How do you know when you’ve had enough（足够的）? Well, I’ll tell you．Do you see those two lights（灯） at the end of the bar? When they seem（好象） to become four, you’ve had enough and should（应该） go home．”

“But, Dad,”said Tom,“I can only see one light at the end of the bar．”

(   ) 6．Young people ______ allowed to drink in a bar until eighteen．

A．is not    B．are not    C．many    D．must

(   )7．When Tom was a child, his father often went to a nearby bar______ taking him．

A．by        B．for        C．with    D．without

(   ) 8．On Tom’s eighteenth birthday, he drank together with his father in that bar for ______．    A．the first time          B．once

C．many times              D．eighteen times

(   ) 9．Father wanted to tell his son ______．

A．the time to drink       B．something about the light

C．when to stop drinking   D．something about the bar

(   ) 10．In fact (事实上), there ______ at the end of the bar．

A．was one light          B．were two lights C．were three lights      D．were four lights

C

Long, long ago there were only a few thousand people in the world. These people move from place to place over the land, hunting animals for food.

No one knows how or when these people learned about growing food. But when they did, their lives changed. They did not have to look for food any more. They could stay in one place and grow it.

People began to live near one another. And so the first village grew. Many people came to work in the villages. These villages grew very big. When machines appeared(出现), life in the villages changed again. Factories were built. More and more people lived near the factories. The cities grew very big.

Today some people are moving back to small towns. Can you tell why?

(   ) 11. The best title(题目)of  the text should  be ___.

A. Cities or Villages        B. Back to Towns

C. How Cities Grew           D. People and Animals

(   )1 2. The underlined word "they" in the second paragraph refers to(指的是) ___.

A. villages    B. animals    C. cities    D. people

(   ) 13. When factories were built, ___.

A. more people live near the factories

B. people began to live in the factories

C. many people began to work in villages

D. many machines appeared in big factories

(   ) 14. We can learn from the text that ___.

A. people like to work only in big cities

B. some people don't like to live in big cities

C. there will be no small towns in the future(将来)

D. it is better to live in cities than in villages

(   )1 5. In what order did people do the following things?

a. Worked in villages     b. Lived near the factories.      c. Learned to grow food.  

d. Built factories.       e. Began to live near each other.

A. d, b, a, e, c           B. e, a, c, d, b,

C. c, e, a, d, b           D. a. c. d. e. b

五、综合上下文及首字母完成单词。（10分）

   Scientists have d_____ 1 many other g______ 2 in the universe. They have sent lots of spacecraft t______ 3 look at other p________4  in our solar s_______ 5, and osme spacecraft have gone b________ 6 the solar system. However no one has discovered any l______ 7 in space y______ 8. But why has no one f_______ 9 other planets sent us a m_______  10?

六、信息归纳：

Dear friend:

Hello,I’m your new friend.My name is Bob.I’m fifteen.I’m American.I live in New York.

I am a middle school student.I’m good at maths.It’s very interesting.My favourite sport is basketball.And I am not only a basketball fan but also a good player.I like pop music,my friends  and I often sing pop songs together.

After school I am interested in getting on-line.I have known a lot about China from the Internet.Now I’m learning Chinese.I hope I will visit your country one day.

Please write to me and tell me something about your life.I’m looking forward to hearing from you.

Yours,

Bob

Information Card for Bob:

Age                                    Nationality                           

Favourite sport                            Music he likes                         

Hope                                                                          

七、书面表达：

请根据Module 1的内容，结合自己的实际，就如何学好英语写一篇短文，谈谈你的看法和做法，提示：（不能少于60个单词）

check,write down,correct,nextto,mistakes,try,tranlate,listen,radio,read,newspaper,

pen friends,email,each other,speak,in class

                                                                            

                                                                                

                                                                                    

                                                                            

                                                                              

                                                                            

答案：

一、1.ACCDA  7.BCCB  11.BABDD  16.DBAAA  21.ACABA  26.CACCD  31.DABAC  36.BCCAA

二、1.DBCCD  6.ADBAB

三、1.don’twritedown  correct  2.tomakefriendsshow/takearound  3.remembertobackto  4.helpwith  5.entereda competition  6.haven’tbeentoyet  7.take a breath  8.Haveread aboutsolar system  9.What up to  10.What do you think of  11.tounderstand how universe  12.no one from sent  13.Have arrived yet  14.have gone toon buseniss  15.Whywrite downcorrectnext to

四、1.AADCA  6.BDACA  11.CDABC

五、

discovered;galaxies;to;planets;system;beyond;lives;yet;from;message

六、15；American;basketball;pop music;visit your country one day

★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.

官方网站：http://qinghua.yeryy.com/

清华大学英语教授50年研究成果

八年级上英语语法 (一)

1) leave的用法

1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如：

When did you leave Shanghai?

你什么时候离开上海的？

2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如：

Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.

下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。

3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：

Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?

你为什么要离开上海去北京？

2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用

should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：

How should I know? 我怎么知道？

Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？

should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如：

We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。

我们在使用时要注意以下几点：

1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如：

You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。

2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如：

You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。

3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如：

We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。

She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。

3) What...? 与 Which...?

1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father?  你父亲是干什么的？

该句相当于：

What does your father do?

What is your father's job?

Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：

---Which is Peter?  哪个是皮特？

---The boy behind Mary.  玛丽背后的那个男孩。

2. What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制；而 Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如：

What color do you like best?  （所有颜色）

你最喜爱什么颜色？

Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?  （有特定的范围）

你最喜爱哪一种颜色？

3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如：

Which pictures are from China?

哪些图片来自中国？

4) 频度副词的位置

1.常见的频度副词有以下这些：

always（总是，一直）

usually（通常）

often（常常，经常）

sometimes（有时候）

never（从不）

2.频度副词的位置：

a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如：

David is often arrives late for school.

大卫上学经常迟到。

b.放在行为动词前。如：

We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.

我们每天经常在7：10去上学。

c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：

Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.

有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。

3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：

Never have I been there.

5) every day 与 everyday

1. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如：

We go to school at 7:10 every day.

我们每天7：10去上学。

I decide to read English every day.

我决定每天读英语。

2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。

She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.

她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。

What's your everyday activity?

你的日常活动是什么？

6) 什么是助动词

1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。

助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：

He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语。

（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义）

2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：

a. 表示时态，例如：

He is singing.　他在唱歌。

He has got married.　他已结婚。

b. 表示语态，例如：

He was sent to England.　他被派往英国。

c. 构成疑问句，例如：

Do you like college life?　你喜欢大学生活吗？

Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗？

d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：

I don't like him.　 我不喜欢他。

e. 加强语气，例如：

Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。

He did know that.　 他的确知道那件事。

3.最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do

1.forget to do　忘记要去做某事。　(未做)

forget doing　忘记做过某事。(已做)

The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.

办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)

He forgot turning the light off.

他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)

Don't forget to come tomorrow.

别忘了明天来。(to come动作未做)

典型例题

---- The light in the office is still on.

---- Oh，I forgot___.

A. turning it off            B. turn it off

C. to turn it off            D. having turned it off

答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。

2.remember to do 记得去做某事(未做)

remember doing记得做过某事(已做)

Remember to go to the post office after school.

记着放学后去趟邮局。

Don't you remember seeing the man before?

你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.

1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

3.for 与of 的辨别方法：

用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：

You are nice.(通顺，所以应用of)。

He is hard.(人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)

9) 对两个句子的提问

新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势，现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如：

句子：The boy in blue has three pens.

提问：1.Who has three pens?

2.Which boy has three pens?

3.What does the boy in blue have?

4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?

很显然，学生多了更多的回答角度，也体现了考试的灵活性。再如：

句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.

提问：1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?

5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?

6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?

10) so、such与不定冠词的使用

1.so与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如：

He is so funny a boy.

Jim has so big a house.

2.such与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如：

It is such a nice day.

That was such an interesting story.

八年级上英语语法 (二)

11) 使用-ing分词的几种情况

1.在进行时态中。如：

He is watching TV in the room.

They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.

2.在there be结构中。如：

There is a boy swimming in the river.

3.在have fun/problems结构中。如：

We have fun learning English this term.

They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.

4.在介词后面。如：

Thanks for helping me.

Are you good at playing basketball.

5.在以下结构中：

enjoy doing sth  乐于做某事

finish doing sth完成做某事

feel like doing sth                 想要做某事

stop doing sth                      停止做某事

forget doing sth                    忘记做过某事

go on doing sth                     继续做某事

remember doing sth                  记得做过某事

like doing sth                      喜欢做某事

keep sb doing sth                   使某人一直做某事

find sb doing sth                   发现某人做某事

see/hear/watch sb doing sth         看到/听到/观看某人做某事

try doing sth                       试图做某事

need doing sth                      需要做某事

prefer doing sth                    宁愿做某事

mind doing sth                      介意做某事

practice doing sth                  练习做某事

be busy doing sth                   忙于做某事

can't help doing sth                禁不住做某事

miss doing sth                      错过做某事

12) 英语中的“单数”

1.主语的第三人称单数形式，即可用“he,she,it”代替的。如：

he, she, it

my friend,  his teacher,  our classroom,  Tom,  Mary's uncle

2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如：

man（单数）---men（复数）      banana（单数）---bananas（复数）

3.动词有原形，第三人称单数形式，-ing分词，过去式，过去分词。如：

go---goes---going---went---gone 

work---works---working---worked---worked

watch---watches---watching---watched---watched

当主语为第三人称单数的时候，谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如：

The boy wants to be a sales assistant.

Our English teacher is from the US.

Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.

13) 名词的复数构成的几种形式

名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。

I 名词复数的规则变化

1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如：

pear---pears           hamburger---hamburgers

desk---desks           tree---trees

2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词，词尾加-es。如：

class---classes                dish---dishes

watch---watches                box---boxes

3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词，词尾加-es。如：

potato---potatoes              tomato---tomatoes

Negro---Negroes                hero---heroes

4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，将-y变为-i,再加-es。如：

family---families            dictionary---dictionaries

city---cities                country---countries

5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词，将-f或-fe变为-v，再加-es。如：

half---halves                  leaf---leaves

thief---thieves                knife---knives

self---selves                  wife---wives

life---lives                   wolf---wolves

shelf---shelves                loaf---loaves

但是：

scarf---scarves(fes)           roof---roofs

serf---serfs                   gulf---gulfs

chief---chiefs                 proof---proofs

belief---beliefs

II 名词复数的不规则变化

1.将-oo改为--ee。如：

foot---feet                    tooth---teeth

2.将-man改为-men。如：

man---men                      woman---women

policeman---policemen          postman---postmen

3.添加词尾。如：

child---children

4.单复数同形。如：

sheep---sheep                  deer---deer

fish---fish                    people---people

5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。即“中日瑞不变英法变，其它国把-s加后面”。如：

Chinese---Chinese              Japanese---Japanese

Swiss---Swiss

Englishman---Englishmen        Frenchman---Frenchmen

American---Americans           Australian---Australians

Canadian---Canadians           Korean---Koreans

Russian---Russians             Indian---Indians

6.其它。如：

mouse---mice

apple tree---apple trees

man teacher---men teachers  

14) 双写最后一个字母的-ing分词

初中阶段常见的有以下这些：

1.let→letting         让

hit→hitting          打、撞

cut→cutting          切、割

get→getting          取、得到

sit→sitting           坐

forget→forgetting      忘记

put→putting           放

set→setting          设置

babysit→babysitting             临时受雇照顾婴儿

2.shop→shopping           购物

trip→tripping               绊

stop→stopping             停止

drop→dropping             放弃

3.travel→travel(l)ing         旅游

swim→swimming           游泳

run→running               跑步

dig→digging               挖、掘

begin→beginning           开始

prefer→preferring          宁愿

plan→planning            计划

15) 肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词

1.some变为any。如：

There are some birds in the tree.

→There aren't any birds in the tree.

但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。如：

Would you like some orange juice?

与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。

2.and变为or。如：

I have a knife and a ruler.

→I don't have a knife or a ruler.

3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如：

They have a lot of friends.（可数名词）

→They don't have many friends.

There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词）

→There isn't much orange in the bottle.

4.already变为yet。如：

I have been there already.

→I haven't been there yet.

16) in与after

in 与 after 都可以表示时间，但二者有所区别。

1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中，以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间。如：

He will leave for Beijing in a week.一周后他会动身去北京。

2.after 经常用于过去时的句子中，以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间。如：

He left for Beijing after a week.一周后他动身去了北京。

不过，如果after后跟的是具体的时刻，它也可用于将来时。如：

We will finish the work after ten o'clock.十点后我们会完成工作的。

3.注意区分以下的in的用法。

I'll visit him in a week.一周后我会去拜访他。

I'll visit him twice in a week.一周内我会去拜访他两次。

17) 不定冠词a与an的使用

1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如：

There is a "b" in the word "book".

单词book中有个字母b。

类似的字母还有：c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。

She has a small knife.她有一把小刀。

2.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如：

There is an "i" in the word "onion".

单词onion中有个字母i。

类似的字母还有：a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。

Do you have an umbrella?

你有一把雨伞吗？

3.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用an；以辅音字母开头的单词前面也不一定都用a。如：

a useful book        a universe         a one-letter word

an hour        an uncle        an umbrella    an honest person

18) 如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”？

英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种，常见的有以下这些：

1、put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。如：

He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。

You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。

2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。如：

The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。

The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。

3、dress 可作及物动词，有“给......穿衣”的意思，后接“人”，而不是“衣服”。如：

Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。

dress 也可作不及物动词，表示衣着的习惯。如：

The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。

4、be in 表示穿着的状态。如：

John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。

The man in black is a football coach.

19) a little, a few 与 a bit (of)

a little, a few 与 a bit (of) 都有“一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别在哪里呢？

1. a little 意为“一些、少量”，后接不可数名词。如：

There is a little water in the bottle.  瓶子里有一点水。

还可以接形容词。如：

He is a little shy.  他有些害羞。

2. a few 意为“一些、少数”，后接复数的可数名词。如：

There are a few people in the room.  房间里有一些人。

3. a bit 意为“一点儿”，后接形容词。如：

It's a bit cold.  有点冷。

a bit of 后接不可数名词。如：

He has a bit of money.  他有一点儿钱。

4. a little 表肯定意义，little 表否定意义；a few 表肯定意义，few 表否定意义。如：

There is a little soda in the glass.  杯子里有一点儿汽水。

There is little soda in the glass.  杯子里几乎没有汽水了。

I have a few Chinese friends.  我有一些中国朋友。

Few people like him.  几乎没有人喜欢他。

5. a little = a bit of, 后接不可数名词；

a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容词，意为“有点儿”。

20) 关于like的用法

like 可以作动词，也可以作介词。

1、like 作动词，表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”，有泛指的含义。如：

Do you like the color?你喜爱这种颜色吗？

like 后可接不定式（like to do sth），也可接动词的-ing分词（like doing sth），有时意思不尽相同。如：

She likes eating apples.她喜爱吃苹果。（习惯）

She likes to eat an apple.她喜爱吃一粒苹果。（平常不喜欢吃）

like 与 would 连用，后接不定式，表示愿望或客气的请求。如：

Would you like a cup of tea?您愿意喝杯茶吗？

“喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“like sb to do sth/doing sth”。如：

They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。

2、like 作介词，可译成“像......”。如：

She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好，就像母亲一样。

It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。

3、区分以下句子：

A. What does he look like?

B. What is he like?

A句译为“他长相如何？”指一个人的外貌特征；而B句译为“他人怎么样？”指人的性格特点。

C. The boy like Peter is over there.

D. A boy like Peter can't do it.

A句指外貌相似，而D句指性格相似。

八年级上英语语法 (三)

21) stop to do sth 与 stop doing sth

1. stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事”。如：

The students stop to listen to their teacher.

学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。

2. stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事”。如：

The students stopped talking.  学生们停止了谈话。

与它们相反的句式是：go on to do sth “继续做某事（与刚才一事不同）”和 go on doing sth “继续做某事（与刚才同一件事）”。如：

He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.

他完成了作业，接着继续去念英语。

They went on playing games.  他们继续玩游戏。

22) tell, speak, say 与 talk

1. tell 意为“告诉、讲述”，指某人把某一件事、一条信息传送给别人或讲述一件事。如：

He tells me that he wants to be a teacher.

他告诉我说他想成为一位教师。

Father always tells interesting stories to us.

爸爸总是给我们讲有趣的故事。

tell sb sth 意为“告知某人某事”。如：

He told me something about his past.

他告诉我一些他的往事。

tell sb to do sth 意为“告诉某人去做某事”。如：

David told his son to do the homework.

大卫要他的儿子去做作业。

2. speak 意为“说话、讲话”，后面主要接语言。如：

He can speak English and a little Chinese.

他能讲英语和一点汉语。

speak to 意为“和.....讲话、谈话”。如：

Can I speak to Mr Zhang?

我能和张先生讲话吗？

speak of 意为“提到、说起”。如：

The book speaks of my hometown.

那本书提到我的家乡。

3. talk 意为“谈话、讲话”，如果只有一方对另一方说话时，一般用 talk to；如果双方或多方交谈，多用 with。如：

Please talk to him right now.  请立即同他谈话。

He is talking with his friend.  他在和朋友交谈。

talk about 意为“谈论......”。如：

They are talking about the movie.  他们在谈论那部电影。

have a talk with 意为“与......交谈”。如：

Can I have a talk with you?  我可以和你交谈吗？

4. say 意为“说”。如：

Can you say it in English once more?  你能用英语再说一遍吗？

say to 意为“对......说”。如：

He said to his students that they would have a test.

他对他的学生说他们将有一个测试。

It is said that... 意为“据说”。如：

It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time.

据说他能呆在水里很长时间。

23) Excuse me! 与 I'm sorry!

1. Excuse me! 意为“打搅了！对不起！”，一般是为了与陌生人搭话，或者要打断对方所说（做）的事。如：

Excuse me, is there a hotel in the neighborhood?

请问，附近有旅馆吗？

Excuse me, could I say something?

打搅一下，我能说一些吗？

2. I'm sorry! 意为“对不起！”，表示道歉。如：

I'm sorry, Mr Zhang. I won't do it again.

对不起，张先生。我不会这么做了。

24) 表示时间的 in、on 与 at

in, on 与 at 都可以和表示时间的词（组）连用。

1. in 表示时间的一段或较长的时间。如：

in the morning  在上午

in May, 2004  在20##年五月

in a week  在一周之内（后）

It's Sunday, I can finish it in two days.

现在是星期天，我能在两天后完成。（星期二）

Rome was not built in a day.

罗马不是在一天内建起来的。

2. on 主要指在具体的一天。如：

on Sunday  在星期天         on May Day  在“五一”节

on a hot afternoon  在一个炎热的下午

He arrived in Beijing on April 26,2004.

他于20##年4月26日到达北京。

3. at 表示时间的一点或比较短的时间。如：

at 8:00  在八点         at noon  在中午

I always get up at 6:00 every morning. 我总是每天早晨六点起床。

It's always warm at this time of year. 每年的这个时候总是暖和的。

25) Other及其用法

Other 及其相近的词（组），如 others, the other, the others, another, any other 等，一直是中学生朋友们比较困扰的问题，平常的考试、作业中经常出错。下面是它们的一些用法：

1、other 指其余的人或物，所有格是 other's，复数形式是 others，the other 指“两个人或物中的另一个”，其复数形式是 the others，others 相当于“other + 名词”，所以不能充当定语，修饰名词。others指整体中去掉一部分后剩余的部分，但不是全部的，即 some...others （一些...其余的人...）。the others 强调整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部，即some...the others.

2、another 泛指三个以上的不定数目中的“另外一个”。由 an 和 other 合并构成，所以不能和冠词连用。another 修饰单数名词，比如：another pencil.

3、any other 指除去本身以外的“任何其他的人或物”，后面要用名词的单数形式。

26) look 短语

常见的look短语有以下这些：

1.look at 朝......看

Please look at the map of China.请看中国地图。(look at=have a look at)

2.look for 寻找

The old man is looking for his dog.老人在寻找他的狗。

3.look like 看起来像

Nancy looks like her mother      南希看起来像她母亲。

4.look the same 看上去一样

Li Ping and Li Jing look the same.     李萍和李晶看上去一样。

5.look up 查找

Please look up the word in the dictionary.  请在词典中查找这个单词。

6.look over 仔细检查

The doctor looked over Mary carefully.    医生仔细检查了玛丽。

7.look after 照顾，照看

You must look after your old father.    你必须照顾你的老父亲。

8.look around 到处寻找、查看

We looked around, but we found nothing strange.

我们四处查看，但是我们没有发现奇怪的东西。

27) too，also与either

1.too用于肯定句和疑问句，一般放在句尾，其前常加逗号。如：

We are in the same school, too.     我们也在相同的学校。

Do you play soccer every day, too?    你也每天踢足球吗？

2.also用于肯定句和疑问句，一般位于实义动词前、be动词后。如：

Sandra is also a Korean student.     Sandra 也是一个韩国学生。

3.either用于否定句，一般放在句末。如：

They don't know the answer, either.    她们也不知道答案。

4.as well as也有“也”的意思。如：

We have great mushroom pizza as well as soda.

He is a happy boy as well.

28) hard与hardly

1.hard既可作形容词，也可作副词。如：

It's a hard(adj.) question. (=difficult)     这是一个难的问题。

The boy studies very hard(adv.).    那男孩学习非常努力。

句子结构：It's hard for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是难的。如：

It's hard for him to finish the work. 完成那项工作对他来说很难。

注意区分：hard work 困难的工作

work hard 努力工作

2.hardly是频度副词，表示否定的意思。（=almost not）通常用在形容词、副词和动词之前。如：

I can hardly see it.       我几乎看不到它。

29) sometime,sometimes,some time与some times

1.sometime是时间副词，指不确定的将来或过去某一点时间（某时候或任何时候），不指一段时间。如：

We'll go to Beijing sometime next month.   我们下个月某一时候会去北京。

2.sometimes是频度副词，指“有时”、“不时”的意思（=at times）。如：

Sometimes I get up very late on Sunday morning.

有时候我在星期天早晨起得很晚。

3.some time是名词词组，指一段时间（一些时间或若干时间）。如：

It took him some time to finish the book.  她花了一些时间去完成作业。

4.some times指“几次”。如：

He met the woman some times last month. 上个月他见过那妇女几次。

30) exercise的一些用法

1.作不及物动词，译为“运动，锻炼”。如：

David exercises every morning.     大卫每天早晨进行锻炼。

2.作及物动词，译为“训练”。如：

Swimming exercises the whole body.

游泳能使身体得到全面的锻炼。

3.作名词，译为“体育锻炼、运动、体操、练习题”等。如：

It's good to do eye exercises every day. 每天做眼保键操对眼睛有好处。

Please do more exercise from now on.    从今以后请多做运动吧。

I have lots of homework to do tonight.    今晚我有很多的作业要做。

4.注意：exercise指具体运动或体操时是可数名词，复数形式为exercises；泛指运动时是不可数名词。

八年级上英语语法 (四)

31) maybe与may be

1.maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：

Maybe he can answer the question.     也许他能回答那个问题。

He maybe is from the USA, too.       他可能也来自美国。

2.may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是......”。如：

He may be from the USA, too.    他可能也来自美国。

She may be our English teacher.     她可能是我们的英语老师。

32) same与different

1.same指“相同的”，前面通常要有一个定冠词the，但是如果same前面已经有this，those等词，就不能再与the连用了。如：

We are in the same class.      我们在同一个班级。

结构：the same as     与......一样, 如：

His mark is the same as mine.    他的分数和我的分数一样。

2.different译为“不同的”，其后的可数名词应为复数形式。如：

We are in different classes.     我们在不同的班级。

结构：be different from与......不同如：

This sweater is different from that one.    这件毛衣与那一件不同。

different的名词形式为difference, 复数形式为differences。

33) 动词want的用法

1.want sth. 想要某物

They want some help.   他们需要一些帮助。

2.want sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事

My father wants me to help him on the farm.

我父亲要我在农场上帮他。

3.want to do sth. 想要做某事

I want to study English in England.    我想要在英国学习英语。

4.want doing 需要...

Your sweater wants washing.      你的运动衣该洗了。

34) be good(bad) for、be good at的相关用法

1.be good for 对......有益

Doing morning exercises is good for your health.

做早操对你们的建康有益。

2.be good at 擅长于......

Li Ping is good at basketball.     李平擅长于篮球。

= Li Ping is good at playing basketball.   李平擅长于打篮球。

be good at = do well in 如：

I'm good at math. = I do well in math.

我擅长于数学。

3.be good to 对......好

Parents are always good to their children.

父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。

35) how many与how much

1.how many表示“多少”，对数量提问，后面接可数名词的复数形式。如：

There are four people in my family.

---How many people are in your family?   你家里有几个人？

We have seven classes every day.

---How many classes do you have every day?   你们每天上几节课？

2.how much也是表示“多少”，但它对不可数名词进行提问。如：

There is some milk in the bottle.

---How much milk is there in the bottle?   瓶子里有多少牛奶？

3.how much还可以对价格提问，表示“多少钱”的意思。如：

The yellow T-shirt is only 35 yuan.

---How much is the yellow T-shirt?   那件黄色的T恤衫多少钱？

36) with的几个用法

1.with表“和、同、与”。如：

Can you go to the park with me?       你能和我一起去公园吗？

2.with表“用、以、被”。如：    Don't write with the red pen.

不要用那支红色的钢笔写字。

3.with表“随着”。如：

Climate varies with the time of the year. 气候随着时令的不同而不同。

4.with表“带有、有......的”。如：

The girl with long hair is my classmate.   长头发的女孩是我的同学。

5.with表“因为、由于”。如：

They were angry with hard work.    他们因为艰难的工作而生气。

6.一些with结构：

play with             与......一起玩

be angry with          对......生气

talk with             与......交谈

get on well with       与......相处融洽

37) a lot of(lots of)与many,much

1.a lot of意为“许多、大量”。相当于lots of。它既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。如：

I have a lot of friends in China.       我在中国有很多朋友。

The old man has lots of money.       那位老人有很多的钱。

2.many意为“许多”。它用来修饰可数名词。如：

Do you have many beautiful skirts?     你有很多漂亮的裙子吗？

3.much意为“大量”。它用来修饰不可数名词。如：

There is much water in the lake.        湖里有大量的水。

4.a lot of（=lots of）用在肯定句中，而many，much不受限制。如果将一个含有a lot of（=lots of）的肯定句改为否定句或疑问句，要将它们改为many或much。如：

We can see a lot of birds in the tree.

---We can't see many birds in the tree.

   我们在树上看不到很多鸟儿。

He wants lots of soda.

---Does he want much soda?

   他需要许多汽水吗？

38) help用法举例

help既可以作名词，也可以作动词。

1.help作名词，意为“帮助”。如：

He needs some help.        他需要一些帮助。

2.help作动词，也是“帮助”的意思。如：

Can you help me?         你能帮帮我吗？

3.help的结构：

help sb (to) do sth            帮助某人做某事

=help sb with sth             帮助某人做某事

如：

They want to help the boy carry the heavy box.

=They want to help the boy with the heavy box.

他们想要帮助那位男孩搬那个重箱子。

39) well的用法

well可以作副词，也可以作形容词。

1.well作副词，意为“（某事干得）好”。如：

The boy draws very well.         男孩画得很好。

2.well作形容词，意为“健康、安好”。如：

I'm not feeling well.            我觉得不舒服。

40) ago与before

ago与before都表示“......以前”，但用法有所区别。

1.ago意为“以前”，表示从此刻算起的若干时间之前，常用于过去时的句子中。如：

He took a photo a week ago.        他一周前照了一张相片。

2.before作为副词时表示：

a.从过去某一时刻算起的若干时间以前，用于过去完成时的句子中。如：

The boy had already seen the comedy before.

那男孩以前已经看过那部喜剧片了。

b.笼统的“以前”，用于一般过去时或现在完成时的句子中，一般单独使用，而ago不可以单独使用。如：

He's read this novel before.          他以前读过这部小说。

41) need的用法

1.need作实义动词，意为“需要”。如：

Do you need to stay at home?             你要呆在家里吗？

2.need作情态动词，一般用于对must的否定回答。如：

---Must he leave now?          他必须离开吗？

---No, he needn't.              不，他不必。

3.区分：

a.need作实义动词。

He needs to go.

He doesn't need to go.

Does he need to go?

Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.

b.need作情态动词，一般不用于肯定句。

He needn't go.

Need he go?

Yes, he need./No, he needn't.

42) decide的几种句式

1.decide to do sth            决定去做某事

They decide to fly kite on weekend.      他们决定在周末去放风筝。

2.decide on doing sth         决定做某事

They decide on flying kites.       他们决定放风筝。

3.decide on sth              就某事决定......

Betty decided on the red skirt.      贝蒂选定了那条红裙子。

4.decide的名词形式为decision，结构：make a decision，意为“做决定”。如：

He has made a decision.           他已经做一个决定了。

43) too many,too much与much too

1.too many意为“太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数。如：

There are too many students in our class.   我们班上有太多的学生。

2.too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。如：

We have too much work to do.       我们有太多的工作要做。

3.much too表示“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：

The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.

箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。

44) can的用法

1.表示能力。如：

We can carry the heavy box.        我们可以搬得动箱子。

Who can sing an English song?      谁会唱英文歌？

2.表示惊讶、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。如：

Can it be true?         这会是真的吗？

You can't be serious?         你不会当真吧？

3.表示允许，意思与may相近，主要用于口语中。如：

Can I smoke here?        我可以在这儿吸烟吗？

Can I go with him?        我可以跟他一起去吗？

★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.

官方网站：http://qinghua.yeryy.com/

清华大学英语教授50年研究成果

第1课时Unit 1 Will people have robots?

Section A  (1a-2c)

【学习目标】1: New word : will . robot . everything . paper . fewer . pollution . 

2:phrase: 1) 一般将来时态.   

                 2）There will be fewer trees. There will be less pollution.

            3)There will be......

3:[Task]: 来谈论未来生活.

【学习过程】

一、          Predicting the future

    I predict (预测) there will be robots in people’s homes in 50 years. Because I saw a robot on TV, and it cleaned the bedroom. I don’t think people will use money and everything will be free. Will there be only one in the future. Yes, there will. I think that will be only one country in the whole world .There will be world peace. I don’t think will go to school. They’ll study at home on computer, not on paper. I think people will live to be 200 years old.

1、英译汉: in people’s home : 译_____________     in 50 years : 译_______________

live to be 200 year’s old : 译____________________________

          live to be + 数字 + years old : 译______________________

   They will study at home on computers. not on papers : 译___________________________

区别：at home :意为“在家”,常与be , stay , keep ,等词连用,表示在家干……,而不是在外面, home前不能用任何修饰.

      in one’s home :意为“在家”.常与动词have ,there be等连用,表示在某人家里而不是在别的地方,home前可用人称代词和形容词修饰.

2、Ask and answer

  1) Will there be robots in people’s homes ? ________________________________________

  2)Will people use money in 100 years ? __________________________________________

  3)Will people live to be 200 year’s old ? _________________________________________

  4)Kids will go to school .(变一般疑问句)________________________________________

______________________________(否定回答)

  5)They’ll study at home on computers .(变否定句) _________________________________

  6)There will be only one country in the whole world .(变否定句)

    _____________________________________________

二、Practicing listening.

  1．听并完成2a ,2b .

  2．fewer 修饰 _____名词.   Less  修饰 _____名词.

3.根据表格用more, less, fewer填空.

A village , Shandong

In 100 years------

1.there will be __________________houses.2.there will be ________________pollution.

3.there will be ________________schools.  4.there will be _________________people.

5.there will be ________________snow.   6.there will be______________ movie theaters.

从以下四个方面分小组讨论你们设想的未来生活,讨论之后全班分享讨论结果

1.     自然环境 （空气、水、植物、动物）

2.     未来教育 （学习、电脑、考试、学校）

3.     家庭生活 （人口、食物、衣着、机器人）

4.     政治经济 （国家、语言、医疗、工作）

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

课后反思：____________________________________________________________________

【达标测评】一、单项选择

1).I hope I have ______free time. I don’t like to keep busy.A. more  B. less C. many D. Much

2).If there are ____trees, the air in our city will be ___   cleaner

A. less; more     B. more; more   C. more; much  D. much; more

3).I am happy because I have       homework to do today than yesterday.

A. more           B. less            C. few           D. fewer

4).There ______ some old people taking a walk in the park.

A. is             B. are          C. has         D. have

5).There will be ______ trees in the world in the future.

    A. less            B. a little       C. fewer       D. a few

6). I only have three ______.

A. piece of papers                B. piece of paper        

C. pieces of papers               D. pieces of papers

7). We will have a sports meeting _______two days.

    A. in             B. on          C. at          D. for

8). Will people live ______200 years old ?

    A. to be           B. till be       C. to are       D. be to

二、按要求完成下列各句.

1. His mother has an English storybook. (改为一般疑问句).

_____ _____ _____ _____ an English storybook.

2. There are fifty-two weeks in years.(对划线部分提问).

  _____ _____ _____ _____ _____in a year.

3.Our class has a map of the world.(改为同义句).

  _____ _____ a map of the world _____ our class.

4.There is something wrong with my computer.(改为否定句).

There ______ ______ ______ with my computer.

5.There are some apple trees in the garden.(改为一般疑问句).

_____ _____ _____ apple trees in the garden?

6.我没有你钱多.

I have _____ _____ than you

三、用there be 和 have 的适当形式填空.

1.________________ (有) an orange and two big apples on the table ?

2. Lucy ____________(有) a pet .

3.____________ (有) some milk in the bottle .

4.Tom ______________ (没有) anew coat .

5.___________ (有) many books on the shelves last year .

四、用build 的适当形式填空.

1.There are a few tall ________ in our school .

2.They _________ a new school near the farm last year .

五、改错.

1.     Everythingareready now . ___________

      A      B   C

2. Everythingwill is free in the future . ___________ .

      A      B         C

3. Why nottell the children interesting something ? ___________

     A    B                C

4. Moneyaren’teverything. ____________ .

    A     B     C

★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.

官方网站：http://qinghua.yeryy.com/

清华大学英语教授50年研究成果

初三英语同步辅导教材（第36讲）

一、        内容提要

  1．第三册知识点及句型

2．同义句转换归纳

3．动词的时态和语态

二、专项练习与归纳

   知识点及句型

1．be able to  能、会

He could ride the bike when he was eight.

可用be able to 来代替could

He was able to ride the bike when he was eight.

Will you be able to play computer?

She has been able to play computer.

2．change the world  改变世界

Some of the inventions have changed the world more than others.

3．have nothing to do with sth/sb 与……人/物无关

He said he had nothing to do with the accident.

Most of the questions had nothing to do with his lessons.

4．at the age of …在……多大时

At the age of 12, he started writing his own newspaper.

At the age of 8, she began to swim.

5．open up 开设

Thomas Edison opened up his own lab in 1862

6．He asked Tom’s mother to take the boy home.

Please take them home.

7．th boy was too frightened to move.

8．graduate from school 毕业

Last year he graduated from our school.

I will graduate from school.

9．give up 放弃

He gave up his job in a foreign company

10．turn down 把……关小点

Turn down the to set , it’s too noise.

Turn down the radio, I’ll do my homework.

11．put up 挂上

We have to put up the lights and Christmas balls.

Put up a map of the world on the back wall.

12．be base on 以……为根据

The story is based on a real person.

Father Christmas is based on a real person in history.

13．Live on 继续活着

Lei Feng is dead but his spirit live on.

His spirit of generosity lives on today.

14．Can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事

They couldn’t wait to open the presents in their stockings.

He couldn’t wait to answer the question.

15．as well 另外，也

Some people even put up stockings for their pets as well.

I received a book and a pen as well.

16．fill…with…   用……把……装满

I filled my bag with books.

She filled the bottle with water.

17．appear to  对于……显现出来，似乎

it appear that 从句

It appeared to be snowing.

It appears that he will come back.

18．even though 即使

Even though he studied hard, he didn’t pass the exam

Even though she has gone to England, we missed her very much.

19．It is said that 据说

It is said that he has been to America.

It is said that the policeman saved the boy.

20．be made of

be made from

be made by

21．be used for doing

be used to do sth.

be used as

be used by

2．on the other hand 另一方面，反过来说

同义句转换的归纳

1．Do you have an erase? ______________ an erase?

2．Maybe it’s in one of your pockets.

It ________________in one of your pockets.

3．Why don’t you have a picnic with us?

_____________________________ with us?

4．Tom missed the early bus and his brother missed it, too.

Tom missed the early bus and ______________________.

5．My father always in the past. But now he always gets up late.

My father _____________but now he always gets up late.

6．She didn’t remember to turn off the lights when she left the room

She _______________ when she left the room.

7．Many put a bookmark in the new book.

A bookmark _____________________________

8．Peter likes to borrow things from his neighbors , but he never return them to his neighbors.

Peter likes to borrow things from his neighbors, but he never _______________________

9．I have been here in Sydney since last Friday.

I ________________in Sydney _________________.

10．Would you like to have a try?

Do you _____________________________?

11．People enjoy surfing all over the world.

_________________ by people all over the world.

12．Hawaii is very famous , because of its beautiful beaches.

Hawaii is _________________________________________________.

13．The weather in England is never too hot or too cold.

The weather in England is ___________________________________.

14．Her job is to be a part-time assistant in a surf shop.

She ________________________________in a surf shop.

15．Tom will have to go back to hometown next week.

Tom will have to _______________next week.

16．His son is the pride of their parents.

Their parents ______________his son.

17．Mike has to stop smoking, because of his bad health.

Mike has to ___________________,because of his bad health.

18．Skating is quite different from skiing.

There are ____________between sating and skiing.

19．Please finish it as soon as you can.

Please finish it _________________________________.

20．The old man died three years ago.

The old man  ________________ three years.

The old man __________________ three years ago.

21．He bought the watch a week ago.

He ______________ the watch ________a week.

22．We have done all the work. We have done ____________.

23．I got a letter from him two days ago.

I _______________________________ two days ago.

24．She joined the league four months ago.

She _________________________ for four months.

25．Watching TV too much harms your eyes.

Watching TV too much _________________your eyes.

26．Suddenly we heard a piece of beautiful music.

Suddenly a piece of beautiful music___________________________.

27．You’ve contributed a lot to developing the west of China.

You ________________________________the west of China.

28．Have you ever littered onto the ground ?

Have you ever ________________ onto the ground?

答案

1．have you got  2．may be   3．why not have a picnic   4．so did his brother

5．used to get up early.   6．forgot to turn off the lights   7．was put in the new book

8．gave them balk to his neighbors  9． arrived , last Friday   10．want a go 

11．surfing is enjoyed    12．famous for its beautiful beaches  

13．neither too hot nor too cold   14．works as a part –time shop assistant

15．return to his hometown     16．are proud of    17．give up smoking

18．many differences     19．as soon as possible   20．has been dead for has been dead since

21．has had, fro    22．the whole work    23．heard from him/ received a letter from him

24．has been a league member/has been in the league

25．is bad for    26．came up into our ears

27．have made a contribution to developing

28．thrown about

动词的时态和语态

用括号中动词的适当的形式填空。

1．The boy is happy because he ___________(sell) out all the newspapers.

2．The plan _____________(give) up because of rain.

3．If it __________(not rain) tomorrow, we ____________(go )fishing.

4．Where ____________you____________(be) these days?

5．Where is Tom? He _________(go) to the post office. He said he _________(come) back soon.

6．Mike says he _________(want )to be a worker after he _________ (finish )school.

7．The last bus ____________just ________(leave) when they ________(get) to the bus stop.

8．She _________(not go) to bed until she _______(finish) her work.

9．Light ___________(travel )much faster than sound.

10．I __________(feel) much better after I _______(take) the medicine.

11．”Where ________we________(meet)?” “Let’s meet outside the park gate.”

12．I_________(be) afraid Mr Johnson __________(not visit) out school tomorrow.

13．I _________(lost) my bike ._________you _________(see) it anywhere?

14．________this kind of car __________(produce) in Shanghai?

15．We __________(see) several members of the family since we ________(arrive)

16．I found that the students _________(play) football on the playground.

17．The shop ___________(close) at this time of day.

18．Where ________your watch _________(lose)?

19．________the doctor __________(send) for last night?

20．Three children ___________(take) good care by the nurse.

21．Some children ___________(take ) good care by the nurse.

22．Some new houses _________(build) by the villagers themselves.

23．What language ________(speak) in Australia?

24．The colour TV _________(buy) in that shop three days ago.

25．He said he __________(stay) here for another two days.

26．The doctor said Jim must ________(operate ) on at once.

27．“__________the bridge _______(repair) yet?”“Yes, the workers_______ already______

(repair) it.”

28．We are in Grade One this year, so we _________(teach ) physics next year.

29．“Where _________(be) you last night?”“I_________(ask) to help Tom at home”

30．The big tree ________(blow)down in the storm last night.

31．I________ never ________(eat) such delicious noodles before.

32．When we reached the town, it _______(get) dark.

33．We ________(have) lunch when suddenly someone knocked at the door.

34．Lucy said she ________(visit) the school the next month.

35．I ________(wait) until he comes back.

36．You ________(watch) TV after supper, aren’t you?

37．They _________(be) to that small village several times.

39．Can you tell me if it _________(snow) tomorrow?

40．Could you tell me if you _________(read) the story book?

41．He said the lights in the room _________(go) out when he opened the door.

42．I _________(be) fifteen soon.

43．Tom, your aunt _______(come) this afternoon .

44．My teacher often _________(tell) us not to play on the street.

45．They________(plant) trees on the hill. Do you see?

46．The teacher said that the earth ________(move) round the sun.

47．She said she _______(put) on a new coat the next day.

48．The Great Wall _________(know) all over the world.

49．Could you tell me where Alice ________ (live)?

50．________the film ______(show) many times since last Sunday.

51．________the street lights usually _______(turn) on at seven in summer evening?

52．I _______(not go) to the cinema because I ________(see) the film before.

53．It ________(get) dark. What about ________(go) home at once?

54．You ________(be) late if you __________(not hurry).

55．Use your head and you _________(find) a better way.

56．Look！Someone ________(lie) on the floor.

57．It __________(rain) harder now. It ________(rain) quite often in summer.

58．Here _______(come) the bus.

59．I don’t know when the manager ________(return), but when be _________(come) back I _________(let) you know.

60．“Where ________(be) you this time yesterday?” “I________(be) at home. I _______(go) over my lessons then.”

答  案

1．has sold   2．will be given up/ has been given up   3．doesn’t rain, will og  4．have, been

5．has gone, would come    6．wants, finishes    7．had, left, got   8．won’t go, finishes

9．travels    10．felt, had taken    11．shall/will, meet   12．am, won’t visit

13．have lost, Have seen    14．is, produced    15．Have seen, arrived   16．were playing

17．is closed    18．was, lost/ has, bee lost    19．was, been sent    20．was inverted

21．are taken    22．have been built    23．is spoken     24．was bought

25．would stay     26．be operated   27．has, been repaired, have repaired

28．will be taught    29．were ,was,    30．was blewn    31．have, eaten

32．got/ had got    33．were having    34．would visit    35．will wait

36．are watching    37．have been    38．snows    39．had studied  40．have read

41．had been gone   42．will be/ am   43．will come    44．tells

45．are planting    46．moves   47．would put   48．is known  49．lives

50．has, been showed   51．are, turned    52．won’t go, have seen

53．gets, going     54．will be, don’t hurry    55．will find    56．is lying

57．is raining/ rains, rains    58．comes   59．will return, comes, will let

60．were, was, was going

★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.

官方网站：http://qinghua.yeryy.com/

清华大学英语教授50年研究成果

新目标英语八年级上1—6单元

动词固定搭配及重点词汇、句型和语法总结

动词固定搭配

go + v.-ing

go fishing     go skateboarding    go hiking      go swimming     go sightseeing 

go camping   go bike riding      go shopping

v.+ v.-ing

enjoy doing sth 

finish doing sth

like doing sth 

thanks for doing sth

be good at doing sth

think about doing sth

v.+ to do

want to do sth     try to do sth    decide to do sth     need to do sth forget to do sth      plan to do sth      like to do sth

v.+sb + v.

make sb do sth

help sb do sth

let sb do sth

情态动词+v.

can do sth

should do sth

shouldn’t do sth

v.+宾语+宾语补足语(即复合宾语)

want sb to do sth  

help sb (to) do sth

及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语/及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语

send sb sth /send sth to sb

 show sb sth/ show sth to sb

It’s +adj +to do sth.

It’s interesting to play computer games.

It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle.

It’s important to eat a balanced diet.

It’s necessary to read English every day.

It takes sb some time to do sth(某人花多少时间做某事)

It takes me ten minutes to go home on foot.

It takes her half an hour to go to work by bus.

It took me twenty minutes to finish my homework yesterday.

重点词汇、句型

UNIT 1     SECTION A

1.go skateboarding  2.go shopping 3.on weekend 4.go to the movies 5.surf the internet

6.read English books 7.Animal World 8.once a week   9.once a year  10.three times a month

11.once or twice  12.three or four times 13.Here are the results of the students’ activity survey.

14.Some students are active. 15.As for speaking English,--- 16.Most students exercise three or four times a week. 17.What’s your favorite TV program?

(1 去滑滑板     2 去购物    3 在周末       4 去看电影    5 上网     6 看英语书

7 动物世界     8 每周一次 9 每年一次     10 每月三次 11 一两次      12 三四次

13 这是学生活动调查的结果。 14 一些学生很活跃。 15 至于说英语，---

16 大部分学生每周锻炼三到四次。 17 你最喜欢的电视节目是什么？)

SECTION B

1.        want sb to do sth

2.        My mother wants me to drink milk.

3.        be good/bad for ---

4.        It’s good for our health.

5.        Is Bill healthy?

6.        drink coffee

7.        How many hours do you sleep every night?

8.        eating habits

9.        try to do sth

10.    I try to eat a lot of vegetables.

11.    pretty healthy

12.    kind of unhealthy

13.    look after my health

14.    healthy lifestyle

15.    get good grades

16.    help sb (to) do sth

17.    keep healthy =keep in good health

18.    Although I have a healthy habit, maybe I’m not very healthy.

19.    ---be the same as ---

20.    My pen is the same as yours.

21.    ---be different from ---

22.    My book is different from yours.

23.    What’s the difference?

What are the differences?

(1 想要某人做某事   2 我妈妈要我喝牛奶。3 对---有益/有害4 它对我们的健康有好处。5 Bill健康吗？ 6 喝咖啡 7 你每晚睡几个小时？    8 饮食习惯 9 尽量/试图做某事   10 我尽量多吃蔬菜。11 相当健康 12 有点不健康13 注意我的健康 14 健康的生活方式15 取得好成绩   16 帮某人做某事 17 保持健康（2个短语）18 虽然我有健康的习惯，但也许我不太健康。19 ---和---相同/一样 20 我的钢笔和你的一样。21 ---和---不一样/---不同于---22 我的书和你们的不一样。23 不同之处是什么？/有什么不同？)

UNIT 2      SECTION A

1.        What’s the matter with you?=

What’s wrong with you?=What’s the trouble?

2.        I have a sore throat.

3.        have a cold/stomachache/toothache/fever

4.        lie down and rest

5.        feet      teeth  

6.        go to the doctor=see a doctor

7.        a lot of = lots of

8.        hot tea with honey

9.        You shouldn’t eat anything.

10.    That’s a good idea.

11.    give some advice

12.    feel better

13.    I think so.

14.    I’m not feeling well.=I don’t feel well.

15.    When did it start? Three days ago.

(1 你怎么啦？（3句含义相同）     2 我嗓子疼。3 患感冒/肚子疼/牙疼/发烧4 躺下休息      5 foot (复数) tooth(复数) 6 看医生  7 大量的/许多的8 加蜂蜜的热茶 9 你不该吃任何东西。10 这是个好主意。11 提些建议 12 感觉好点13 我想是这样。   14 我感到不舒服。15 它什么时候开始的？三天前。)

SECTION B

1.        go to bed early

2.        listen to music

3.        drink some water

4.        go to a concert

5.        traditional Chinese doctors

6.        the balance of Yin and Yang

7.        For example

8.        too much water

9.        too many books

10.    Chinese medicine

11.    in many western countries

12.    It is easy to have a healthy lifestyle.

13.    a few nights

14.    It is important to sleep eight hours every night.

15.    get tired/angry

16.    study late every night

17.    until 2 am

18.    conversation practice

19.    I don’t think my English is improving.

20.    I’m sorry to hear that.

(1 早点睡觉2 听音乐3 喝点水 4 去参加聚会 5 传统的中医 6 阴阳平衡7 例如           8 太多的水9 太多的书   10 中药11 在许多西方国家12 拥有健康的生活方式很容易。13 每晚睡八个小时很重要。14 几个晚上15 （变）累了/生气了16 每晚学到很晚17 直到早上2点钟 18 对话练习19 我觉得我的英语没有提高。20 很抱歉听到这件事。)

UNIT 3   SECTION A

1.        What is he doing for vacation?

2.        He is babysitting his sister?

3.        go camping/hiking

4.        spend time with friends

5.        stay at home

6.        visit his grandma

7.        That sounds interesting/great！

8.        Who are you going with?

9.        How long are you staying? For one week.

10.    in the mountains

11.    have fun=have a good time

12.    I don’t want to be away for too long.

13.    get back = come back

14.    get back from---

15.    come back from work

16.    in October

17.    send sth to sb=send sb sth

18.    show sth to sb=show sb sth

(1 他假期打算做什么？ 2 他要照看他妹妹。3 去露营/远足 4 和朋友们一起度过5 在家休息 6 看望他奶奶7 （这）听起来真有趣/真棒。8 你要和谁一起去？9 你要呆多长时间？一个星期。10 在大山里 11 玩得高兴12 我不想离开太长时间。13 回来14 从---回来15 下班/放学回家 16 在十一月17 把某物寄给某人18 给某人看某物)

SECTION B

1.        go sightseeing/bike riding /fishing

2.        take walks

3.        rent videos

4.        take a long vacation

5.        What’s the weather like there?=How is the weather there?

6.        think of doing sth

7.        decide on ---

8.        the south of Europe

9.        something different

10.    said    heard

11.    leave for---

12.    plan to do sth

13.    planned   planning

14.    I can’t wait!

15.    finish doing sth

16.    finish making my last movie

17.    ask sb about sth

18.    need to do sth

19.    a relaxing vacation ,an exciting vacation

20.    What should the tourists take with them?

(1 去观光/骑自行车/钓鱼2 去散步 3 租影碟4 度个长假5 那儿的天气怎么样？ 6 考虑做某事7 决定于--- 8 欧洲的南部9 不同的事10 say（过去式）hear（过去式）11 动身去---        12 计划做某事13 plan （过去式）（现在分词）14 我等不及了。15 做完某事/完成做某事16拍完我的上部电影17 问某人关于某事的情况18 需要做某事19 一个放松的/令人激动的假期20 游客们应该随身带什么？)

UNIT 4     SECTION A

1.        get to school

2.        get home

3.        take a train/bus

4.        ride a bike

5.        have a quick breakfast

6.        an hour

7.        35 minutes

8.        by train/bus

9.        I take a bus to school.=I go to school by bus.

10.    I go to school on foot.=I walk to school.

11.    about 10 kilometers

12.    from --- to ---

13.    be far from---

14.    Beijing is far from Xiangfan.

15.    the early bus

16.    take --- to ---

17.    How far is it from your home to school?

18.    It takes/took sb +时间+to do sth.

19.    It took me 2 hours to finish my homework.

(1 到校  2 到家 3 乘火车/公交车（用take） 4 骑自行车 5 很快地吃了早饭6 一个小时       7 35分钟8乘火车/公交车（用by）9 我乘车到校。10 我步行到校。11 大约10公里 12 从---到--- 13 ---离---很远 14 北京离襄樊很远。15 早班车 16 把---带到---17 从你家到学校有多远？18 做某事花了某人---时间。19做完作业花了我2个小时时间。)

SECTION B

1.        think of

2.        What do you think of the book?=How do you like the book?

3.        on the school bus

4.        in/around the world

5.        in the other parts of the world

6.        depend on---

7.        Students always depend on their parents.

8.        He must be at home.

9.        not all students

10.    the most popular means of transportation

11.    a number of

12.    a small number of

13.    be ill in the hospital

14.    Don’t worry./Don’t worry about me.

15.    look at the blackboard

16.    see some pictures

17.    listen to music

18.    hear a story

(1 认为/觉得 2 你觉得这本书怎么样？ 3 坐校车4 在世界上 5 在世界上其它地方   6 依靠---，由---而定 7 学生们总是依靠父母。8 他肯定在家。9 不是所有的学生10 最受欢迎的交通方式 11 许多的，大量的   12 少数的13 生病住院 14 别担心（我）。15 看黑板 16 看见一些画 17 听音乐  18 听到一个故事)

UNIT 5     SECTION  A

1.        on Saturday morning

2.        What/How about you?

3.        I’m sorry, I can’t.

4.        I’d love to.

5.        study for a test

6.        go to the doctor=see a doctor

7.        have a piano lesson

8.        go to a concert

9.        play soccer

10.    go to the piano lesson

11.    go to the movie = see a movie

12.    too much homework

13.    another time

14.    That’s too bad.

(1 在周六上午 2 你呢？3 抱歉，我不能来。 4 我乐意来。5 复习准备考试 6 看医生 7 上钢琴课  8 参加音乐会 9 踢足球 10 去上钢琴课11 去看电影12 太多的作业13 下次             14 这太糟了。)

SECTION  B

1.        Thank you for asking me.

2.        What’s today?

3.        It’s Monday, the 15^th.

4.        Thanks for your invitation.=Thanks for inviting me.

5.        I’m really busy.

6.        tennis training

7.        soccer practice

8.        I’m finishing my geography project this evening.

9.        soccer match

10.    the whole day = all (the) day

11.    Can you come over to my home on Wednesday afternoon?

12.    I’m free until 8:00.

13.    I’m free.= I have time.

14.    discuss the science report

(1 谢谢你邀请我。（用ask）2 今天是什么日子？   3 是星期一，15号。4 谢谢你的邀请。5 我真的很忙。6 网球训练      7 足球练习8 今晚我要完成我的地理学习任务。9 足球赛   10 整天11 你周三下午能到我家来吗？12 直到8点我都有空。13 我有空/有时间。14 讨论科学报告)

UNIT 6     SECTION A

1.        My hair is longer than hers. = I have longer hair than her.

2.        Tom is more outgoing than Sam. Sam is more serious than Tom.

3.        last letter

4.        photos of me

5.        as you can see

6.        in some ways

7.        look the same

8.        We are both tall.

9.        We both enjoy going to parties.

10.    more than 

11.    My friends are the same as me.

12.    We have something in common.

13.    be good at (doing) sth. = do well in (doing) sth

14.    He is good at (playing) basketball.

15.    We both --- = Both of us ---

(1 我的头发比她的长。2 Tom比Sam更活跃。Sam比Tom更严肃。3 上一封信 4 我的照片（是我）5 正如你所看到的6 在某些方面7 看起来长得像8 我们俩都很高。9 我们俩都喜欢参加聚会。10 不止，超过11 我的朋友和我一样。12 我们有一些共有的东西。13 擅长（做）---14 他擅长（打）篮球。15 我们俩都---)

SECTION B

1.        do the same things as me

2.        make me laugh/happy

3.        as ---as sb

4.        He is as tall as me.

5.        not as --- as sb

6.        He is not as busy as me.

7.        opposite views and interests

8.        most of the kids

9.        my best friend

10.    It’s not necessary to be the same.

11.    It’s necessary to learn English.

12.    beat sb in sth

13.    primary school/high school

14.    be good with children

15.    tell jokes

16.    call sb at --- for more information

17.    make sb do sth

18.    stop doing sth  /  stop to do sth

(1 做和我相同的事情 2 把我逗笑了/使我开心3 象某人一样--- 4 他象我一样高。5 不象某人一样---/不如某人---6 他不象我这么忙/他没有我忙。7 相反的观点和兴趣 8 大部分孩子9 我最好的朋友 10 没有必要一样。11 学习英语很有必要。 12 在---方面击败某人13 小学/中学 14 善待孩子15 讲笑话16 拨---号码给某人打电话以获取更多信息。17 使得某人做某事 18 停止做某事 / 停下来去做某事)

重难点讲解:

1． be good for …“对…有益”。e.g.

    My mom says it’s good for my health．我母亲说这对我的健康有好处。

    Swimming is good for health．  游泳对健康有好处。

    此句型结构类似句型有：

    be bad for “对…有害”； be important for “对…重要”； be useful for “对…有用”。e.g.

    English is very important for us．  英语对我们很重要。

    Eating too much sugar is bad for your teeth．  吃太多糖对你的牙齿有害。

 2． health（健康）－－healthy（健康的）

    health是名词，而healthy是在health的词尾上加y，变为形容词，health在句中作主语或宾语，healthy多作定语或表语。e.g.

    Exercising more is good for our health．多锻炼对我们的健康有益。

    I eat a balance diet to keep healthy． 我用平衡的饮食来保持健康。

    His lifestyle isn’t healthy．他的生活方式不健康。

 3． What’s the matter? / What’s the matter with you? 你怎么啦？你出什么事了？

    此句常用来询问别人的病情，类似的句子有：

    What’s wrong with you?

    What’s the trouble?

    e.g.

    －What’s the matter with your father?   你父亲怎么啦？

    －He has a fever．   他发烧了。

 3．下面是几种身体不适的症状及忠告或建议

    （1）have a fever                take medicine and drink lots of water．

    （2）have a sore throat       drink some hot tea with honey．

    （3）have a headache            take a good rest and relax

    （4）have a stomachache      lie down and rest

    （5）be stressed out                  listen to some music

    （6）be tired                       go to bed early

    （7）have a toothache           see a dentist

 4．区分how often, how long与how far．

    how often用来询问动词的频率，即动作“多长时间发生一次”，回答时用表示频度的副词或短语。 e.g.

    －How often do you exercise?

    －I exercise once a week．

    －How often do you eat junk food．

    －I hardly ever eat it．

    how long用来询问多长时间，回答时常用two days, three years, four weeks等表示一段时间的状语。e.g.

    －How long are you staying there?

    －A week．

    how far用来询问多长距离，回答时常用twenty miles, one kilometer 等表示一段距离。e.g.

    －How far is it from your home to school．

    －About ten miles．

 5． take的用法：

    （1）表示“搭”，“乘”，“坐”。 take a taxi / ship / bus / train

    （2）表示“进行”，“做了一次动作”。 take a rest, take a walk, take a bath．

    （3）表示“拿走，带走”与bring互为反义词。e.g.

         Please take these things away. 请把这些东西带走。

    （4）表示“吃（药）”。 take the medicine

    （5）表示“花费”，常用于该句型：“It takes sb． some time to do sth．”e.g.

    －How long does it take?

    －It takes about 10 minutes．

 6． Can you …? / Would you like…?表示邀请或请求对方做某事。

    肯定回答时常用Sure / Yes, please． / I’d like to …

    拒绝时用Sorry, I’m busy． / I’m afraid not． / Thank you, but …

 7． “as…as…”意为“和…一样…”，该短语前一个“as”后常用形容词或副词的原级，后一个“as”后常接比较对象。e.g.

    This book is as interesting as that one．   这本书和那本书一样有趣。

Li Ying isn’t as good at sports as her sister． 刘英没她妹妹擅长体育。

重点语法

1．频率副词（频度副词）

    always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never这几个词表示做某件事的“频率”，即单位时间的次数。

    这些词通常放在实义动词（行为动词）之前，系动词和助动词之后。e.g.

    She usually goes to the library on Sundays．    她通常在星期天去图书馆。

    He sometimes watches TV at night．  他晚上有时看电视。

    My mother hardly ever goes to the movies．我母亲很少去看电影。

    Mr．Green is always busy on Sunday．格林先生周日总是很忙。

    His brother doesn’t often go fishing on his vacation．他哥哥假期不经常去钓鱼。

 2．情态动词should的用法

    肯定形式should＋动词原形；否定形式：shouldn’t＋动词原形。

    should有两种基本用法：

    （1）表示义务或责任，e.g.

    We shouldn’t eat in classrooms．   我们不应该在教室里吃东西。

    （2）表示劝告或建议，e.g.

    You should have a rest if you are tired．如果你累了，你就应该休息一会儿。

    I think you shouldn’t go out to play this evening．我想你今天晚上不应该出去玩。

 3．现在进行表示将来

    “be＋现在分词”构成进行时态，表示动作正在发生或进行。这个结构也有很多别的含义，在句子中加上一个表示将来的时间状语时，可以表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作。

    We’re spending our holiday in Shanghai next week．   下星期我们将去上海度假。

    He is leaving for London next week．下周他将去伦敦。

    How long are you staying?   你打算呆多久？

 4．形容词的比较级（附表）

    形容词比较级用于两者（人或物）之间的比较，表示一方比另一方“更…”或“较…”，后面通常用比较连词than连接另一方所比较的人或物。e.g.

    This room is bigger than that one．   这个房子比那个房间大。

    My twin brother is more outgoing than me．   我的双胞胎兄弟比我更外向。

    His English is better than his brother．他的英语比他哥哥好。

★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.

官方网站：http://qinghua.yeryy.com/

清华大学英语教授50年研究成果