考研英语词汇全攻略

第一部分 考研英语核心词汇

记单词时不要采用从A——Z的顺序，而是要灵活搭配，比如A和J， B和O，C和N，D和L等，这样记起来既不觉得累又有成就感。一定记住我们的建议：每天晚上看1-2页，把自己已经记住的暂时划出来，无论多忙，当天晚上睡觉前和第二天早上都要把学习的单词复习一遍，然后再分别过3天、7天、15天、30天各复习一遍，坚持下来，到考前一周看最后一遍时，你会觉得大部分单词都已经很熟悉了。另外，务必要把自己做过的历年真题或模拟题中的词汇题集中整理起来，这样的对比记忆特别有助于我们对近义近形词汇的辨析。这样坚持学习，双管齐下，一定会取得良好学习效果！

abide 遵循（…by）；容忍 The one thing she cannot abide is lying.

abnormal 反常的 abnormal behavior

abolish 彻底废除（法律、制度、习俗等）abolish old custom

abrupt 突然的，意外的 an abrupt departure

absolute 纯粹的，完全的 have absolute trust in sb.

absorb 吸收，吸进 A sponge absorbs water.

abstract 抽象的 A flower is beautiful, but beauty itself is abstract.

absurd 荒谬的，荒唐的 The idea that number 14 brings bad luck is absurd.

abuse 滥用 abuse one's authority(office)

aaccelerate 加速，增速 accelerate one’s steps

access 接近（或进入）的机会 have regular and immediate access to the President accommodate 使适应，使符合一致 accommodate oneself to changed circumstances accompany 陪伴，伴随 She was accompanied to a dinner by her friend.

accomplish 达到（目的），完成（任务），实现（计划，诺言等） accomplish one's purpose accord 使符合，相一致(with) His violent action do not accord with his peaceful words. account 记述，叙述 give a brief account of what has happened

accumulate 积累，积攒，积聚 accumulate wisdom

accurate 准确的，精确的 an accurate estimate

accuse 指控，指责 They accused her publicly of stealing their books.

accustom 使习惯于 accustom oneself to rising (to rise) early

acquaint 使认识，使了解

activate 使活动起来，使开始起作用，启动 They have planted secret agents in many countries

who could be activated whenever needed.

acute 尖锐的，敏锐的 an acute thinker

adapt （使）适应 adapt oneself to new conditions

address 演说 a television address

adhere 黏附，附着 Paste is used to make one surface adhere to another.

adjacent 临近的，毗邻的(to) a city and its adjacent suburbs

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adjoin 贴近，与...毗邻 His house adjoins the lake.

administrate 掌管，料理...的事务 In many Japanese homes, the funds are administrated by the

wife.

adolescent （尤指16岁以下的）青少年 a film aimed at adolescents

advance 使向前移动 advance a chessman

advantage 有利条件，优点 Sitting Presidents hold built-in advantages when seeking another

term.

adverse 不友好的，敌对的 She felt adverse to her husband's friends.

advocate 拥护，提倡，主张 advocate self-defence

aesthetic 美学的，艺术的，审美 an aesthetic theory

affliliate 使隶属（或附属）于，使成为会员 a government affiliated company

affirm 断言，申明 affirm the truth of a statement

aggravate 加重，加剧，恶化 aggravate the declining economy

aggressive 侵犯的，侵略的 an aggressive weapon

agitate 搅动（液体等） The machine agitated the mixture.

alarm 惊恐，忧虑 The bandits scattered in alarm.

alert 警惕的，留神的 In our reading we should always be alert for new usages.

alien 外国的 adjust to an alien culture

allege 断言，宣称 The newspaper alleges the mayor's guilt.

allocate 分配，分派，把...拨给 allocate funds for new projects

allied 结盟的，有关联的 allied nations

allow 允给，准许，允许 He missed her more than he would allow himself to admit. allowance 津贴，补贴，零用钱 a housing allowance

alter 改变，更改 alter an attitude

alternate 交替，轮流 Night and day alternate.

amateur （艺术，科学等的）业余爱好者 an amateur golfer

amaze 使惊愕，使惊异 I am amazed that he should get the post.

ambiguous 含糊不清的，模棱两可的 an ambiguous answer

ambition （对名利等的）强烈欲望，野心 His political ambitions still burn.

amend 修改，修订 amend the spelling in sb.'s paper

amuse 逗乐，逗笑，给...提供娱乐（或消遣） The clown at the circus amused the children. anchor 锚 The anchor catches (drags).

announce 宣布，声称 It is officially announced that he will not run for reelection. annoy 使恼怒，使生气 She was annoyed at (with) his lightheard attitude.

annual 每年的，年度的 the annual output of steel

anonymous 匿名的，无名的 an anonymous letter (phone call)

answer 回答，响应 Henry took ages to answer the door.

anticipate 预期，预料 The directors anticipated a fall in demand (that demand would fall). anxious 焦虑的，发愁的(about, at) They become anxious at her delay.

apart 成零碎 Such cheap clothes come apart after a few washings.

apparent 显然的，明明白白的 It was apparent that they all understood.

appeal 呼吁，恳求 I appealed to the children to make less noise.

applaud 鼓掌，喝彩，叫好 The audience applauds the performers for three minutes. apply 涂，敷 He applied two coats of paint to the table.

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appoint 任命，委派 They appointed his father (to be 或as) postmaster.

appraise 估量，估计 appraise the infant's weight

appreciate 感激 I appreciated your help much.

apprehend 对...担心 Do you apprehend that there will be any difficulty?

approach 靠近，接近 John is approaching manhood.

appropriate 恰当的，相称的 Plain, simple clothes are appropriate for school wear. approve 赞成，同意 I couldn't approve his conduct.

approximate 大概的，大约的，近似的 The approximate time is 10 o'clock.

apt （习性）易于......的，有......倾向的 A careless person is apt to make mistakes. arbitrary 随心所欲的，个人武断的，任意的 an arbitrary choice

arise 起立，起身 arise from one's seat

arouse 使......奋发 A man like Tom will be aroused. Don’t worry.

array 排列，队形 The troops were formed in battle array.

articulate 发音清晰的，善于表达的 He is articulate about everything in the field of

economics.

artificial 人工的，人造的，人为的 artificial price controls

ascend 登高，（渐渐）上升，升高 The airplane ascended into the cloud.

ascertain 查明，弄清，确定 I ascertained that he was dead.

ashamed 惭愧的，羞耻的 I am ashamed for being so stupid.

ashore 向岸，向陆地 He swam ashore.

aside 在旁边 We stood aside to let her pass.

assault 攻击，袭击 We made an assault on the enemy fort.

assemble 集合，召集 assemble the members of Parliament for a special meeting.

assert 肯定地说（出），坚定地断言 He asserted his innocence.

assess 估价，评价，评论 assess the present state of the economy

assign 分配，布置（作业） The teacher assigned (us) a new lesson.

assimilate 吸收，消化 He is quick to assimilate new ideas.

associate （使）联系，（使）结合 We naturally associated the name of Darwin with the doctrine

of evolution.

assume 假定，假设 Farmers will have a bumper harvest, assuming (that) the weather si

favarable.

assure 深信不疑地对......说，向......保证

assurance 保证，把握，信心 He gave me his assurance that he would help.

astonish 使惊讶 I was astonished at his sudden appearance.

attach 系，贴，连接 attach a label to a suitcase

attain 达到，获得 attain one’s goal

attend 出席，参加（会议等） attend a wedding

attendance 出席，参加，出席人数，出席率 Our class has perfect attendance today. attentive 注意的，专心的 an attentive audience

attribute 把归因于，把......（过错的责任等）归于(to) He attributed his success to hard work. auxiliary 辅助的 an auxiliary rocket

avail 有利于，有助于 Will force alone avail us?

average 平均数，平均 The paper receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.

avert 挡开，防止，避免 Many traffic accidents can be averted by courtesy.

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awake 醒，觉醒 awake from sleep

award 授予（奖品等） The university awarded him an honorary degree.

ban （以官方明令）禁止，取缔 He was banned from entering the city.

bang （突发的） sudden loud bang

bar 条，块，杆，棒 a bar of gold

bare 赤裸的，光秃的，空无内容的 walk in bare feet

beforehand 预先，事先 If you wanted soup for lunch you should have told me beforehand. behave 举止端正，听话 Do behave.

bewilder 使迷惑，使糊涂 I’m bewildered as to which one to buy.

bias 偏见，偏心 have a bias against sb.(或sth.)

blame 责备，责怪 Public opinion blames Mrs Smith for leading the girl astray.

blast 一阵（风），一股（气流） a blast of wind

blaze 火焰 The fire sprang into a blaze.

blunt 钝的 The sun was blazing down and the heat was oppressive.

blush （因害羞、激动、窘困）脸红 blush with(或for) joy

boast 自吹自擂，自夸的话 He is full of boasts.

bolt 螺栓，（门，窗的）插销 a small bag of nuts and bolts

boom 低沉有回响的声音 The great bell tolled with a deep boom.

border 边界，边境，边沿 a district on the Kampuchean side of the border with Thailand bore 钻孔，挖（通道） bore through a wall

bounce 弹起，反弹 The ball doesn’t bounce well.

bound 跳跃，弹回 She bounded to her feet and waved her right hand triumphantly. boycott （联合起来）抑制，拒绝参加 boycott uncooperative manufactures

brace 托架，支架 He braced his muscles and lifted the weight.

breed （使）繁殖 Rabbits breed families rapidly.

bribe 贿赂 accept(或take)a bribe from sb.

brief 短暂的，简短的，简洁的 a brief holiday

brisk 轻快的，生气勃勃的 a brisk pace

brittle 易碎的，一碰就破的 brittle glass

brush 刷子，毛刷 a laundry brush

bump 碰，撞(against, into) The truck bumped against the wall in the dark.

burst 爆炸，爆裂 The boiler burst.

calculate 计算，推算 calculate the distance between New York and Chicago

call 喊，叫 Please call the names of all the people who are present.

cancel 取消，废除，删去 cancel a trip

capture 俘虏，捕获 capture butterflies

case 事例，事实，事情 This is a case of poor judgment.

cast 投，扔，抛，撒，掷 cast doubt(s) on the feasibility of a scheme

casual 偶然的，无计划的，随便的，非正式的 a casual meeting

cease 停止，终止，结束 The music ceased suddenly.

certify 证明，证实 The accounts were certified (as) correct.

challenge 向...挑战 Our school challenged the local champion team to a football match.

character （事物的）性质，特质 The furniture in Tom’s apartment was pretentious and without

character.

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charge 要（价），收（费） The airlines charge half price for students.

charm 魅力，魔力 This thriving resort town has retained its village charm.

chase 追逐，追求 The police chased the escaping thief and caught him at last.

check 使突然停止，制止 check one’s steps

cherish 珍爱，珍视 cherish one’s native land

chew 嚼，咀嚼 He chewed a mouthful of meat.

choke 窒息，噎住 be choked by smoke

chorus 合唱队

chronic （疾病）慢性的，（人）久病的 chronic indigestion

clarity 澄清，阐明 clarify an issue

cling 粘着 The frightened child clung to her mother.

clumsy 笨拙的 a clumsy boy

cluster （果实，花等的）串，束，簇; (人或物)的群，组 a cluster of tourists

clutch 紧抓，紧握 clutch at an opportunity

coherent 一致的，协调的 lack coherent political goals

coin 硬币，钱币，金属货币 a silver coin

coincide 相符，相一致 100 Centigrade coincides with 212 Fahrenheit.

collaborate （尤指在文艺、科学等方面）合作，协作 He and I collaborated in writing plays. collapse 倒坍，崩溃，瓦解 The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow.

collide 碰撞，互撞 The car collided with the truck.

come 来，来到 Will you come to the dance tonight?

commemorate 纪念，庆祝 commemorate a holiday

commend 表扬，称赞 commend a soldier for bravery

compact 紧密的，坚实的 a compact piece of luggage

compare 比较，对照(with, to) compare the body to a finely tuned machine

compatible 能和睦相处的，合的来的 You should choose a roommate more compatible to

your tastes.

compile 汇编，编制 compile an anthology of poems

comply 遵从，顺从，服从 comply with rules(safety regulations)

compose 组成，构成 England, Scotland, and Wales compose the island of Great Britain. compress 压缩 He compresses a lifetime as a soldier into a few sentences

comprise 包含，包括 The shipyard comprises three docks.

compromise 妥协，折衷 compromise over the hard-fought next.

compulsory 必须做的，义务的 a compulsory subject

conceal 隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 He concealed his disappointment from his friends.

conceive 构想出，设想 conceive an idea

concentrate 集中，专心 concentrate one’s attention

condemn 谴责 We all condemn cruelty to children.

condense （使）压缩，（使）凝结，使简洁 condense a speech to half

confer 商谈，商议 confer with sb. Over (on, about, concerning) sth.

confess 坦白，供认，承认，忏悔 confess one’s crime

confidence 信任 break sb.’s confidence

confine 限制，使局限 They succeeded in confining the fire to a small area.

confirm 证实，肯定 confirm a rumour

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conflict （尤指长期的）战争，战斗 The conflict between Greece and Troy lasted ten years. conform 遵照，适应 confirm to(或with) the rules(the law)

confront （使）面临，（使）遭遇 The war confronted him with hardships.

confuse 使混乱，混淆 He confused the arrangements by arriving late.

connect 连接，连接 The bridge connects the island with(或to) the mainland.

conscious 意识到的，自觉地 They were conscious that he disapproved.

consent 同意，赞同，准许 The people will never consent to another war.

conserve 保护，保藏，保存 conserve natural resources

consider 考虑，细想 Consider carefully before doing anything.

consist 组成，构成(of) The house consists of six rooms.

consolidate 巩固，加强 consolidate one’s position

conspicuous 显眼的，明显的，引人瞩目的 He felt as conspicuous as if he had stood on a

stage.

constant 经常的，不断的 a constant noise

constitute 组成，构成 constitute a threat to sb.

consult 请教，与......商量 consult a doctor about one’s illness

consume 消费,花费: consume much of one’s time in reading

contact 接触,联系,交往: be in contact with sb

contain 包括,容纳, a list containing twelve items

contaminate弄脏,污染,玷污,毒害: Fumes contaminate the air

contempt轻视,轻蔑:show a contempt for sb

contest竞赛,比赛,竞争:the contest between the two powers for the control of the region contract合同,契约:enter into(make)a contact with

contradict反驳,同….相矛盾,同….相抵触:The facts contradict his theory

contrary相反的,对抗的:take the contrary view

contrast对照,对比,(对比之下显出的)差异:the contrast between the two forms of government contribute捐(款等),捐献:He contributed 5dollars to the charity every payday

contrive设计,想出:contrive a new method

controversy(尤之以文字形式进行的争论),辨证:a point of controversy

convention(正式)会议,(定期)大会:draft a new constitution at a convention

convert转变,转化:convert coal to (into) pipeline gas

convey运送,输送,传送:a wire conveys an electric current

convict(经审讯)证明…有罪,宣判…有罪:He was convicted of smuggling

coordinate调节,协调:coordinate the functions of government agencies

cordial热情友好的,热诚的,真心的:a cordial hello(smile, invitation)

correspond相符合相称(to,with):Fulfillment seldom corresponds to anticipation

correspondent通信者,通讯员,记者:a good(bad)correspondent

corresponding符合的,一致的:corresponding fingerprints

corrode(渐渐)损害,(一点一点地)损伤:Bribery corrodes the confidence that must exist between

buyer and seller

corrupt堕落的,腐败的,贪赃舞弊的:lead a corrupt life

count数,计算: count the money

course课程,科目:an English course

courtesy 谦恭有礼。有礼的举止（或）言辞：come in without courtesy

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credit信任，可信性：I have full credit in your ability to do the job。

crucial 决定性的，关键性的：a crucial decision

cue 提示，暗号，信号：throw cues to sb

cultivate耕作，栽培，养殖：cultivate vegetables

cure 治愈，医治：this medicine cured him of his pains。

cut 切，割，剪，砍，削; The Mayor cut the ribbon to open a trade exhibition.

D

dawn 黎明，拂晓 work from dawn to dark

dazzle （强光等）使目眩，耀眼：He was dazzled by his sudden success.

deceive 欺骗，蒙蔽：deceive oneself

decent 体面的，像样的:She didn’t have a decent dress for the ball.

decline 拒绝，谢绝：We sent him an invitation but he declined.

decompose 分解，腐烂，腐败：decompose a compound into its elements.

dedicate 奉献，把。。。用在（to）: The doctor dedicated himself to finding a cure.

deduce 演绎，推论：From her conversation, I deduced that she had a large family.

define 解释，给。。。下定义: People define him as a genius.

deform(使)变形：Heat deforms plastic.

defy 公然违抗，反抗：He was going ahead defying all difficulties.

degenerate 衰退，堕落，变坏（into）: Her eyesight degenerated with the years.

deliberate 慎重的，深思熟虑的：The government is taking deliberate action to lower prices. delight 高兴，快乐：To the teacher’s great delight , all his students passed the examination. deliver 投递，传送，运输：deliver the mail

demonstrate 论证，证明 ：demonstrate a philosophical principle

denote 表示，是。。。的标志，意思是：A frown often denotes displeasure.

dense 稠密的，密集的:a dense forest

deposit 存放： She deposited her bag in the cloakroom.

depress 使沮丧，使消沉：That movie depressed me.

deprive 剥夺，使丧失：deprive sb. of his property

derive 取得，得到：He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father.

descend 下来，下降：Darkness descended too soon.

deserve 应得，值得：The question deserves consideration.

designate 指明，表明：designate boundaries

desolate 荒芜的，不毛的：desolate land

despise 蔑视，鄙视：He despises flattery.

detach 拆卸：They detached their trailer and set up camp.

detain 留住，担搁：be detained by business.

detect （当场）发现（某人在干坏事）:detect a student cheating

deteriorate （使）恶化,(使)变坏,(使)退化: Relations between the two countries began to deteriorate.

deviate 背离，偏离：deviate from the rule

devote 将...献给（to）:Mary devoted her life to caring for the sick.

diagnose 诊断，判断：The doctor diagnosed the illness as influenza.

dictate 口授，使听写：dictate a letter to a secretary

differentiate 使不同，使有差别，区分，区别：differentiate varieties of plants

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diffuse 扩散（气体，液体等）：The colors of the sunset were diffused across the sky. diminish 减少，降低：His illness diminished his strength.

diplomat 外交家，外交官，圆滑的人：a career diplomat

discard 丢弃，抛弃：discard an old pair of shoes

discern 看出，觉察出：We could discern from his appearance that he was upset.

disclose 揭露，透露，使公开：disclose information to sb.

discharge 释放：The judge found him not guilty and discharged him.

discount 把（价格，费用等）打折扣，削价出售：The store discounts 3 per cent on all bills paid

when due.

discriminate 区别，辨别：It’s difficult to discriminate between the twin brothers.

disgrace 丢脸，耻辱：bring disgrace on oneself

disgust 厌恶，恶心：feel disgust for bad odors

disperse 分散，驱散，散去：Police dispersed the rioters with tear gas

displace 移动。。。的位置：Many of the inhabitants were displaced by the rising floodwaters dispose 布置，整理:The stores disposed the jewellery in an attractive display

disregard 不理会，不顾：Disregard the noise and keep working

distinct 有区别的，不同的：Three distinct types of people

distort 扭歪，扭曲：a face distorted by (或with)pain

distract 使转向：be distracted from one’s original purpose

distribute 分配，分发：distribute the prizes among the winners

divorce 离婚，分离，脱离：sue for a divorce

dominate 分配，统治：a white dominated society

donate 捐赠，赠送：They donate to the Red Cross every year.

doom 命运，厄运，劫数：His doom was to be poverty.

doze 打瞌睡，打盹儿：The old lady dozed in her armchair.

drain 慢慢排去：drain water from a pool

dread 怕，畏惧:I dread to think of what may happen.

drift 漂流，漂泊：The sounds of music drifted up to us.

dubious 引起怀疑的，不确定的：a dubious reply

due 欠款的，应支付的：A great deal of money is due to you.

dump 倾倒，倾卸：He opened his bag and dumped its contents on the desk.

duplicate 完全一样的，复制的：a duplicate key

durable 耐用的：a durable fabric

dwell （dwelt 或 dwelled ）（尤指作为常住居民）居住: dwell on an island

E

economical节约的,节俭的,经济的: an economical stove

edge边,棱: At the edge of the lake women were doing their washing

edible可以吃的,可食用的:edible oil

elaborate精心计划(或制作)的,详尽的:an elaborate plot

elevate举起,提高,抬起:elevate the living standards of the people

eliminate排除,消除:eliminate the exploitation of man by man

elite出类拔萃的人(或物),精华:the elite of the society

eloquent雄辩的,口才流利的,有说服力的:an eloquent spokesman

embark上船(或飞机,汽车等):embark for Europe at New York harbor

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embody使具体化,表现:embody principles in actions

embrace拥抱:She embraced her son tenderly

emigrate移居外国(或外地区):emigrate from Canada to Australia

emit发出,散发(光,热,电度,声音,液体,气味等),发射电子:The chimney emitted a cloud of smoke enclose (从四面八方)围住,包围:enclose a porch with glass

encounter意外的遇见,遭遇:encounter an old friend in the theatre

endeavor (为达到某一目的而)努力,尝试:How much he endeavored, goal stayed unattained energy活力,精力:a man of energy

enforce实施,使生效:The principal enforced the rules of the school

engage (用契约诺言等)约束,使订婚:He engaged himself as an apprentice to a printer enhance 提高(价格,质量,吸引力等),增加,增强:enhance one’s reputation

enlighten 启发,使摆脱偏见(或迷信)Would you enlighten me on your plans for the future? enroll 吸收(成员),招生:The school enrolled about 300 pupils last year

ensure 保证,担保:His industriousness and ability will ensure his success

entertain 给。。。娱乐,使有兴趣:The child is entertaining himself with his building blocks entitle 给。。。权利,给。。。资格(to):Robert was entitled to see the documents

equivalent 相等的,相同的:The misery of such a position is equivalent to its happiness erase 擦掉,抹掉,消除:erase the chalk marks

erect 竖直的,垂直的,竖起的:an erect tree

erupt (火山,喷泉等)喷发:The volcano is due to erupt any day

essence 本质,实质,要素:Being thoughtful of others is the essence of politeness

eternal 永恒的,永存的,永久的:eternal truths

evaluate 估价,评价:evaluate property

evaporate (使)蒸发,(使)挥发:Heats evaporate water

exaggerate 夸张,夸大,对…言过其实:keep to the facts and don’t exaggerate

exceed 超出,胜过:Her performance exceeded all the others

excess 超越,超过:an excess of supply over demand

execute 实行,实施,执行,履行:execute a plan

exemplify 例示,举例证明,是…的例证(或榜样等):The teacher exemplified the use of the word exert 用力,尽力:exert all one’s strength

exhaust 汲空,抽完:exhaust a well

expand 扩大,扩展,膨胀:Reading(travel)expands one’s mind

expel 驱逐,赶走:expel an invader from a country

expend 花费,消费(on, in):They expended all their strength in (on) trying to climb out

expire 满期,届期,(期限)终止:His term of office expires this year

explicit 详尽的,明确的:give explicit directions

exploit英勇的或冒险的行为或事迹:The daring of exploit of the parachutists were much admired exterior 外部的,外面的,外表的:exterior decorations

external 外面的,外部的:external signs of a disease

extinct (火等)熄灭了的:an extinct cigarette(fire)

extinguish熄灭,扑灭:extinguish a cigarette(candle)

extract取出,提取:extract a confession

extravagant奢侈的,浪费的:be extravagant in one’s way of living

9

F

fabricate 建造,制造:The finest craftsmen fabricated this clock

facilitate使变得(更)容易,使便利:Such a port would facilitate the passage of oil from the Middle

East to Japan

fade (颜色)褪去:The color in this material will not fade

faint不清楚的,模糊的,微弱的:a faint idea

fancy想象力:Children usually have a lively fancy

fare车费,船费,飞机票价:full (half) fare

fascinate强烈的吸引,迷住,使神魂颠倒:be fascinated with history

fashion方式,样子:She speaks in a very strange fashion

favor 恩惠,善意的行为:We would esteem it a great favor if you would reply at once

feasible 可行的:a feasible plan(idea)

feeble 虚弱的,无力的:His pulse was very feeble

feed 喂养,饲养:feed a baby at the breast

figure 数字:according to official figures

finance 财政,金融:skill in finance

finite 有限的,有限制的:a finite number of facts

flare (火焰)闪耀,(摇曳不定地)燃烧:candle flaring in the wind

flash 闪光,闪烁:a flash of lighting

flat平坦的,扁平的:a flat land

flatter奉承,使高兴:I feel greatly flattered by your invitation

flavor味,味道,风味:drama with a European flavor

flee逃走,逃掉:The enemy troops fled in utter confusion

flexible柔韧易,弯曲的:flexible cord

fling(用力)扔,掷,抛,丢:fling sb into prison

flourish 茂盛,繁荣,兴旺:Painting flourished in Italy in the fifteenth century

fluctuate波动,起伏:You can’t march in a straight line to the victory, you fluctuate it

flush 脸红:Her cheeks flushed red

forbid 不许,禁止:Wine is absolutely forbidden to all the children

forge锻炼:forge a horse-shoe out of an iron bar

formulate规划(制度等),构想出(计划方法等)formulate a policy

fracture 裂缝,裂痕: a fracture in the pipe

frequent时常发生的,频繁的:His trips to France are less frequent now

frown 皱眉:frown at sb

frustrate 挫败,阻挠,使灰心,使无效:frustrate a plan

fulfill (fulfilled, fulfilling)履行,实现,完成: fulfill a contract

furnish供应，提供：furnish blankets for the refugees

fury狂怒，暴怒：fly into a fury

fuss大惊小怪，乱忙，小题大做：make much fuss over losing a penny

G

gallop (马等的)飞跑，疾驰：The horse did a fine gallop during the race

gamble赌博：gamble at cards

gasp 喘气，喘息：speak between gasps

gear齿轮，传动装置，(排)档：interlock cogs and gears

10

generalize 归纳，概括:I don’t think you can generalize about what voters will do

generate 产生，发生(电、热、光、力、摩擦力等)：generate electricity

genuine 真的，非人造的，名副其实的：genuine leather

gesture 手势，示意动作：raise one’s hands in a gesture of despair

glance 一瞥，扫视：take a glance at the newspaper headlines

glare 怒视，瞪眼：give the jury a glare

glimpse 一瞥，一看：have a glimpse of (into)sth

glitter 闪闪发亮(或发光)，光彩夺目，闪耀：His language glitters with marvelous words glory 光荣，荣誉：The soldiers hoped to win glory on the battle field

glow 发热，发光，发红：the fire glowing in the darkness

gossip 流言蜚语：give rise to gossip

govern 统治，管理：govern a nation

grace 优美：She ran well, grace in every movement

graduate (使)大学毕业：graduate from college

grant 同意，准予：grant a request

grease 油脂，动物脂：the grease spot on the envelope

greet 问候，招呼：greet sb with a nod

grieve 使悲伤，使伤心：The little girl grieved over her kitten’s death

grind (ground)磨，磨碎，碾碎：grind wheat into flour

grip 抓紧，紧握：Fear gripped his heart

gross 总的，毛的：gross income

guarantee 保证，保证书，保单：Wealth is no guarantee of happiness

H

hail 欢呼，喝彩：The crowd hailed the actress with joy

halt (行进中的)暂停前进，中止，终止：The car came to a sudden halt

hamper 妨碍，阻碍：hamper sb from getting elected

handicap 障碍，不利条件：Poor eyesight is a handicap to a student

haste 急速，急忙，仓促，草率： Why all this haste?

hatch 孵，孵出：hatch (out) chickens

hazard 危险，危害物，危险之源：a life full of hazards

heal 治愈，愈合：heal the sick

heap (一)堆：a big heap of books

hedge (矮树)树篱：a quickset hedge

highlight 使显著，使突出：Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil

output

hinder妨碍，阻止：Bad weather hindered travel

hint 暗示：drop(give ,throw out)a hint

hoist 举起，升起，吊起：The war hoisted prices

hold 拿着，抓住：The girl is holding the baby in her arms

homogeneous 同种类的，同性质的，有相同特征的：homogeneous parts

horizon 地平(线)：The sun has sunk below the horizon

hospital 好客的，殷勤的，热情友好的：be hospital to the homeless

hostile 敌人的，敌方的：a hostile army

humble 地位(或身份)低下的，卑贱的：a humble job

11

hysterical 情绪异常激动的，歇斯底里的 an hysterical outburst of fury

I

identical 同一的：the same (very)identical menu

identify 识别，鉴别：He identified the coat as his brother’s

idle 闲散的，闲置的：idle money

ignite点燃，使燃烧：ignite a stove fire with scraps of paper

ignore 不顾，不理，忽视：He who ignores history is doomed to repeat it

illuminate 照明，照亮，解释，启发，启迪：The room was poorly illuminated by one candle illustrate (用图或例子)说明，阐明：A complicated rule can be illustrated by a simple example immerse 使浸没：He immersed himself in the pool

immune免除的，豁免的：Nobody is immune from criticism

impact 冲击，撞击：the impact of light on the eye

impair 削弱，减少：The output of produce was impaired by the bad weather

impartial 公正的，无偏见的：A judge should be impartial

implement 工具，器具，用具：new types of farm implements

impose 征(税)，加(负担，惩罚等)于(on, upon)：impose additional tax on business expansion impulse 推动，驱动：give an impulse to the development of the friendly relations between the two

countries

inaccessible 达不到的：The two rocks at the top of the steep hill is at first sight inaccessible incline倾斜：The shaft inclines almost thirty degree

incorporate 包含，吸收：His book incorporates his earlier essays

incur 招致，引起，遭受：incur sb’s displeasure(envy)

indignant 愤怒的，愤慨的：The actress was at the columnist’s personal questions

indispensable 必不可少的，必需的(to. for)： Oxygen is indispensable to life

induce 引诱，劝使：Nothing will induce me to do that

infer (根据已知事实等)推断，推定(from)：From his grades I inferred that he was a good student ingenious (人,头脑等)灵巧的，足智多谋的：an ingenious designer

initiate 开始，发起：initiate a conversation

innovate 革新，改革，创新(in,on/upon)：innovate on another’s creation

inquire 询问，打听：He inquired what the weather was likely to be

insert 插入，嵌入：In the pause he managed to inquire a question

inspire 鼓舞，激起：His speech inspires the crowd

instant 紧急的，急迫的，立即的，即刻的：be in instant need of help

institute 学会，协会，学院，研究院：an institute for the blind

insulate 隔音，使隔绝(以免受到影响)：We are not insulated from the real world the way we were insult 侮辱，辱骂：She insulted him by calling him a coward

insure 保险，给。。。保险：Every father should insure his life for the sake of his wife and children intact 完整无缺的，未经触动的，未受损伤的：an intact family

integrate使成一体，使合并(with, into)：integrate traditional Chinese medicine with western

medicine

interfere 妨碍，冲突(with)：Misty weather interfered with the contact

intermittent 间歇的，断断续续的，周期性的：suffer from intermittent headaches

intervene 插入，介入：A week intervenes between Christmas and New Year’s Day

intricate 错综复杂的，复杂精细的：A detective story usually has an intricate plot

12

invert 使反向，使倒转，使颠倒：The magician inverted the bag to show it was empty irrespective 不考虑的，不顾的(of) ：irrespective of consequences

irritate 激怒，使恼怒，使烦躁：be irritated by sb’s insolence

J

justify 证明。。。正当或有理,正确：Such behavior is justified on these grounds

K

knit 编织，编结：She’s knitting her husband a sweater

L

label 标签，标记，标号：put labels on your luggage

lag 走得慢，落后，滞留：Some of the runners began to lag

latent 潜在的，隐伏的，不易觉察的：a latent infection

leak 漏洞，裂缝：The pipe has got a leak

lean 斜，倾斜 the Leaning tower of Pisa

lend 借给，贷款 Could you lend me your car

length 长，长度 What is the length of the street?

liable 会??的，有??倾向的 We are all liable to make mistakes

liberal 慷慨的，大方的 a liberal donation

light 光，光亮，光线 The house blazed with light

limp 软的，松沓的 a young man in a limp gray sweater

linger逗留，徘徊 The children lingered at the zoo until closing time

long 长的，远的，久的 a long journey

lubricate 使润滑 lubricate the skin with cold cream

lump块，小方块 a lump of coal

M

macroscopic肉眼可见的

magnet 磁铁，磁铁石 The pin was extracted with a magnet

magnify 放大，扩大 I want to magnify this picture

maintain 维持，保持 maintain law and order

malfunction 发生功能障碍，发生障碍 If the computer malfunctions it fails to work properly maltreat 粗暴地对待，虐待 We’ll not intervene unless the children are being physically

maltreated

manifest 显然的，明了的manifest superiority

manipulate (熟练地)操作 Mr. Smith manipulated the ivory chopsticks with great dexterity mature 熟的，成熟的 a mature fruit

meet 遇见，碰到 He met her there by chance

melt 使融化，使熔化 The sun melted the snow

mend 修理，修补 mend clothes

merit 长处，优点，价值，功绩 merits and demerits

migrate 移居(尤指移居国外)，迁移 migrate to another country

minimum 最低限度，最少量，最低点

minor 较小的，较少的，较不重要的

mislead 把??引错方向，把??引入歧途

moan 呻吟声，呜咽声 Each time she moved her leg she let out a ～ .

mobilize 动员 Our country’s in great danger, we must ～ the army.

13

mock 嘲笑，嘲弄 He had ～ed her modest ambitions.

model 模型，原形 build airplane ～s

modify 修改，更改 ～a law

momentary 片刻的，瞬息的 a ～ feeling of fear

monitor （学校的）班长 a ～ in class 5.

mortgage 抵押（借款）He will have to ～ his land for a loan.

motion 动，运动the ～ of the planets

motive 动机，目的be proper in～

mount登上， 爬上～ the steps

multiply 乘，相乘～ 7 and 8

muscle 肌肉 facial ～s

mutual 相互的， 彼此的 ～ aid

N

narrate 叙述，讲述 ～ the story of sb’s life

nasty 龌龊的，肮脏的 a～ room

necessitate 使成为必须，需要 The emergency ～d a change in plans.

necessity 必要（性），（迫切）需要 There is no ～ for disappointment.

neglect 忽视，忽略 ～ one’s health

negligent 疏忽的，大意的 be ～ about traffic regulations

nominal 名义的，有名无实的 a ～ leader

nominate 提名 a ～ leader

noteworthy值得注意的，显著的a ～ day

notorious 臭名昭著的a ～ thief

notwithstanding 虽然，尽管 They traveled on,～ the storm

nourish养育Milk is all we need to ～our small baby

numb 麻木的，失去感觉的 fingers ～ with cold

O

object 物体，事物 cultural ～s

objective 目的，宗旨 political ～s

oblige 强迫，迫使 In certain countries the law ～s parents to send their children to school obscure 晦涩的，费解的 an ～ text

obsolete 废弃的，淘汰的 Wooden warships are ～.

obstinate 顽固的，固执的，倔强的The girl would go her own way, in spite of all warnings occasion 时刻，场合They met on three ～s

occupy 占用，占有My books ～ a lot of space

occur 发生，存在，出现 when did the earthquake ～?

odd的奇数的，单的，奇怪的One ,three five are ～numbers

offend 冒犯，使生气 She was afraid of ～ing anyone.

offence 犯法行为，过错 They were arrested for drug ～s.

offset 补偿，抵消They gains ～the losses.

omit 省略，删去 Minor points may be omitted.

opaque 不透明的A brick wall is ～.

optimistic 乐观的，乐观主义的

option 选择权 It is your ～ to take it or leave it

14

orient 东方，东方国家 political theory in the West and in the Orient

origin 起源，由来 a word of Latin ～

ornament 装饰品，点缀品 We bought ～s for the Christmas tree

orthodox 正统的，正宗的 an ～ economic theory

outline轮廓，外形 He saw the ～ of a house against the sky

overflow 泛滥 Every spring the river ～s

overhaul 大修，全面检查，彻底革新～ a faulty machine

overhear 偶然听到，偷听到I wouldn’t like to be ～d

overlap 重叠，部分相同 The Renaissance overlapped the later Middle Ages

overtake 赶上，超过 He ran out of the door to ～ her

overthrow 推翻，打倒 a plot to ～ the government

overwhelm 征服，压倒，毁坏 He took 45% of the ballots and ～ed his two main rivals

P

pace 步，步速，步伐 He took three ～s forward

pack 包，包裹 The climber carried some food in a ～ on his back

pad 垫，衬垫 a seat ～

pant 气喘，气喘吁吁地说话 He ～ed along beside the bicycle

parallel 平行的 The road is ～ to the river

paralyze 使瘫痪，使麻痹 A stroke ～d half his face

partial 偏向一方的，偏袒的，偏爱的 A parent should not be ～ to any one of his children participate 参与，参加，In a modern democracy people want to ～ more fully

particular 特殊的，特别的 a matter of ～ importance

pat (用掌或扁平物)轻拍，轻打She patted a place next to her for me to sit down

patch 补钉，补片 patches at elbows of a jacket

patent 专利，专利权，专利品 take out a ～ for an invention

pattern 模范，榜样 set the ～ for

pave 铺路，铺砌，铺筑 ～ a road with concrete

peculiar 奇怪的，古怪的 He has always been a little ～

peel 削皮，剥皮 peel potatoes

penetrate 穿透，渗入 The nail ～d the wood at least two inches

perceive 感知，感觉，觉察 He was only able to ～ light and color ;he could not see properly perfect 完美的，理想的 a ～ couple

perform 做，执行，完成～ an experiment

perfume 香水，香料，香气She loves French ～(s)

periodical 期刊，杂志 a ～ room

perish 卒，丧生～ from disease

perpetual 永久的，永恒的，长期的 a ～ arms race

perplex 使困惑，使茫然 The question ～ed him

persecute 虐待，残害，迫害 ～ animals

perspective 透视画法，透视图 a lesson in drawing class on ～

pessimistic 悲观的 I am ～ about my chances of getting the job

petition 请愿，请愿书 get up a ～

15

pierce 刺入，刺穿，穿透 The thorn ～d his heel

pile 一堆，一叠 a ～ of sand

pilot 飞行员，驾驶员

pin 大头针，别针

pinch 捏，拧，夹 I ～ed myself to make sure I wasn’t dreaming

plausible 论点等貌似有理的 a ～ excuse

plead 恳求，请求 His parents ～ed that he should be given one more chance

pledge 保证，誓言，誓约 fulfill one’s ～

plot 小块土地 a vegetable ～

plug 塞子，栓 He wears rubber ～s in his ears when he swims

plunge 猛地投入或插入 He ran to the edge of the swimming pool and ～d in

pocket 衣袋，口袋，袋子 a change ～

polish 擦光，擦亮 Polish your shoes with a brush

poll 民意测验 A recent ～ shows a change in public opinion

pool 水池，游泳池 a swimming ～

portable 便于携带的，手提式的，轻便的This little TV is extremely ～

pose 姿势，样子 The model was asked to adopt various ～s for the photographer

postpone 延迟，延缓，延期 We are postponing our trip until the weather grows warmer potential 潜在的，可能的 That hole in the road is a ～ danger

pour 倒，注，灌，倾泻，涌流 He began to ～ with sweat

preach 讲道，布道 ～ to a packed church

preside 主持，主管(at, over) The vice chairman of the board will ～ at today’s meeting press 按，挤，压 ～ the bell

presume 推测，假定，假设 From the way they talked, I ～d them to be married

prevail 流行，盛行 This custom still ～s among members of the older generation

prey 被捕食的动物，捕获物 The lion seized its ～ and ate it

prick 一刺，一扎 The boy burst the balloon with a ～ of the needle

prime 首要的，主要的 a matter of ～ importance

primitive 原始的，上古的，早期的 a ～ forest

prior 在先的，在前的 Stop making public statements without their ～ approval here

privilege 特权，优惠，特免 In countries where there are still not many schools, education is a ～ probe 探索，探查，调查 ～ the roots of war

proceed （尤指停顿或打断后）继续进行 The train ～ed at the same speed as before process 过程，进程 the ～ of digestion

proclaim 宣告，宣布，声明 ～ war

produce 生产，制造 Canada ～s wheat and furs

profit 利润，收益，红利 They made millions in ～s in last year

profound 很深的 a ～ sleep

prohibit 禁止 Tourist class passengers are ～ed from using the first class lounge

project 计划，方案 draw up a ～

prolong 延长，拉长，拖延 a means of ～ing life

prominent 突起的，凸出的 a ～ forehead

prompt 敏捷的，迅速的 He is ～ on the job

pronounce 发音 ～ distinctly

16

propose提议，建议 When she was very ill ,her lawyer has ～d to her that she might like to make

a will

prosper 兴旺，繁荣，昌盛，成功 His farm ～ed through good management

provoke 挑动，激起，导致 He tried to ～ them into fighting

pump 泵 fill a bucket from the ～

pursue 追赶，追随，追求 He felt their eyes pursuing him

puzzle 难题，智力玩具，迷，迷惑 jigsaw ～

Q

quality 质量，品级 merchandise of ～

quantity 数量，量 an increase in ～

quench 消除，平息，压制，扑灭 ～ hatred

queue一队人，一行列车 from a ～

quit 停止，放弃 It hasn’t ～ raining yet

quiver 颤抖，抖动 ～ with cold

quote引用，引述，援引 She ～d several verses to us

R

rack 架子，支架，搁架 a clothes ～

radiate（光，热等）辐射，发射 The sun ～s light and heat

radical 根本的，基本的a ～ error

rake （长柄）耙，耙机，耙状物 an oyster ～

rally 集合，团结 ～ public opinion in favor of price controls

random胡乱的，任意的，随意的，a ～talk

range 排，行，一系列 a ～ of buildings

rank排，行，列 the ～s of great pines

rate 比率，率 Velocity is the ～ of change of distance with respect to time

reap 收割，收获 ～ the rice in the field

rear 后部，后边，背部a garden at the ～ of the house

recall 回忆，回想I ～ seeing a poster on his wall

reciprocal 相互的，交互的 ～ respect

reckon 计算，数 ～ the days till Christmas

reclaim 使改过，改造 ～ former criminals

recognize认出，识别 Dogs ～ people by their smell

recollect 回忆，想起 I am trying to ～ a forgotten address

recommend 推荐，称赞 He ～ed me for the post of headmaster

reconcile 使和解，使和好After each fight they ate soon ～d

recover 追回，重新得到The police ～ed stolen watch

recruit 招募（新兵）招收（新成员）try to ～300 men in two days

rectify纠正，改正，矫正 ～ the mistakes in a bill

refer 提到，谈到 Does the remark ～ to me

refine 提炼～ crude oil into various petroleum products

reform 改革，改良 He spend years trying to ～ the world

refresh 使恢复活力，使振作精神 Sleep ～es the body

refute驳斥，驳倒 The argument cannot be d at the moments

regard 看待，认为，对待 I ～ the matter in this light

17

regenerate 使恢复，使复兴，再生The human body can ～ hair, nails, etc

regulate管理，控制，为??制订规章 The policeman ～d traffic at the intersection reign 为王，统治In England ,the sovereign ～s but does not rule

reinforce 增援，加强 They hope to ～ their domination in these countries

rejoice 使感到高兴，使充满喜悦 The whole nation ～ over the victory

relate 讲述，叙述 She ～d the experience of a Chinese girl in the United States

relay 接力传送，传递 ～ a message

release 排放，释出 ～ a bomb from an aircraft

relevant 有关的，切题的I don’t think his remarks are ～ to our discussions

relieve 缓解，减轻，解除He smoked frequently to ～ nervous tension

remark 评论，议论 (on, upon) It would be rude to ～ upon her appearance

remedy 治疗，治疗法，药品 a folk ～

remember 记得，回想起，不忘记 I ～ reading that boo when I was eight

remind 提醒，使想起 I ～ed him of his promise

remove 移开，挪走 ～ one’s eyes from the picture

render 使得，使成为 The blow ～ed him unconscious

renew 更新，恢复，更换We feel totally ～ed in body ,mind ,and spirit

renovate 修复，整修 ～ a two storey building

repel 击退，抵制，拒绝，排斥 ～ the enemy

repent 后悔，懊悔 ～of a thoughtless act

replace 代替，取代，更换The calculator is rapidly replacing the abacus

represent 代表，象征To many local people these castles ～ a hundred years of foreign

domination

reproach 责备，指责，斥责 mute ～

rescue 营救，救援，搭救 ～ hostages held by the terrorists

resent 怨恨 ～ those unfair comments

reserve 保留，储备 We’ll the ticket for you till tomorrow noon

resign 辞职，引退 He ～ed from his post

resolve 决定，打定注意要 Have you ～d where to go next?

resort 求助，凭借，诉诸 ～ to sb for help

restore 恢复，修复，康复 The temple has been ～d out of all recognition

restrain 抑制，遏止 ～ one’s anger

resume 重新开始，继续 When I quit golf, I ～d writing

retain 保留，保持 ～the right to reply

reveal 揭示，揭露 I promise never to ～ his secret

revenge 报仇，复仇Man may destroy the balance of nature ,but ,from time to time, nature takes a

terrible ～

reverse 相反的，颠倒的，倒退的a ～ dictionary

revise 修订，校订 ～ a dictionary

revive 苏醒，复苏 He is dead and never will ～

ridiculous 可笑的，荒唐的，荒谬的 In this department of English girls outnumber boys in a ～

ratio

rigid 刚性的，坚硬的 a ～ piece of plastic

ripe 成熟的，时机成熟的 a ～ cluster of grapes

18

roll 滚动，滚落 Rocks were ～ing down the hillside

rot 腐烂，腐坏，腐朽，腐败，腐化Meat may ～ if it is not refrigerated

roundabout 绕道的，绕圈子的，不直接的 The car has to take a ～ course to avoid the flood rouse 惊起 The boat ～d wild ducks to flight

row 吵闹，争吵 What’s all this ～ about?

rub 擦，摩擦 He rubbed his eyes

rush 冲，奔 ～ into the room

rust 锈，铁锈 Iron gathers ～easily

ruthless 无情的，残忍的，冷酷的 a～ enemy

S

sack 麻袋，纸袋，塑料袋 a ～of cement

sacred 神圣的the ～ name of God

sacrifice 献祭，供奉 a law banning the ～ of animals

salute 敬礼，祝贺 ～ one’s superior officer

scan 细看，审视 ～ the doctor’s face for a sign of hope

scare 惊吓，恐惧 The thunder ～d the children

scatter 撒，撒播～ corn for the chickens

schedule 时间表，进度表 a fight ～

scheme 计划，方案 He suggested several ～s to increase sales

scold 责骂，训斥 Dad ～ed me for coming home late

score 得分，比分，分数，成绩 At the end of first half there’s no ～

scorn 轻蔑，鄙视 He ～s lying

scrap 碎片，零屑 ～s of bread

scrape 刮，擦 ～one’s chin

scratch 抓，刮，擦 The cat ～ed me with its claws

screen 屏，幕，帘 a folding ～

secure 安全的，可靠的，有把握的 a castle ～from attack

seek 寻找，探索 ～ shelter from the rain

seize 抓住，捉住The policeman ～d him by the collar

sense 感官，官能 Sight ,hearing ,touch, taste, and smell are the five ～s

sensible 明知的，合情理的 a ～ choice

serve 服务，履行职责 He ～d as an adviser to the company

set 放置 He set his hand on my shoulder

shade 荫，荫凉处The group of trees provide some ～ from the sun

sham假装，虚伪 Her illness was a ～ to gain sympathy

shame 羞耻，羞愧 flush with ～

shape 形状，外形 the ～ of sb’s face

share 一分，分额，一部分 They divided the money into equal ～s

shear 剪，修剪 ～ a lawn

shed 流 ～ one’s blood for one’s country

sheer 完全的，十足的 ～ nonsense

shelter 掩蔽处，躲避处 a bus ～

shield 盾，保护物，防御物 They piled more sand on top as a ～

shift 转移，移动 Don’t try to ～the blame onto me

19

shower 阵雨，阵雨般的东西 be caught in a hard ～

shrewd 机灵的，敏锐的，精明的 a ～ guess

signify 表示，表明，预示 ～ consent with a nod

simulate 假装，冒充 use tricks to ～ illness

sit 坐，就坐 He was sitting over his coffee with a cigar

sketch 素描，速写 make a ～ of a face in pencil

slack 不紧的，不严的 a ～ soft rope

slender 苗条的，修长的，细长的She is ～ and has long dark hair

slide 滑行，滑动，滑落 The drawers of my desk ～ in and out easily

slim苗条的，薄的 Regular exercise will make you slimmer

slip 滑倒，滑落，滑行 She ～ed on the wet stones and fell

slit 切开，撕开 ～ the envelope open

slope 倾斜，有坡度 The ground ～s down sharply at this point

sly 狡猾的，偷偷的 a ～answer

smart 聪明的，精明的 Smart students talk earlier than the average

smash 打碎，打破，摧毁 The ball ～ed the window

smooth 平滑的，光滑的～ skin

snatch 夺得，一把抓住 The thief ～ed her handbag and ran off

snob 势力的人，谄上欺下的人 a ～ of the first water

soak 湿透，浸湿，浸泡 You shouldn’t have gone out in the rain－your clothes are ～ing sober 未醉的 A driver must stay ～

soil 泥土，土壤The ～here is very fertile

sophisticated 老于世故的 a young man quite ～ for his age

sore 痛的，痛苦的，痛心的touch sb on a ～ place

sort 种类，类别 He is not the ～ of man to do such a cruel thing

sound 健康的，健全的，完好的 a ～body in a ～ mind

sour 酸的，酸味的 ～pickles

sow 播种 This plot of land was sown with maize

spare 多余的，剩下的have no ～ cash

spark 火花，火星 The firework burst into a shower of ～s

sparkle 发光，闪耀 Her eyes were sparkling with anger

specify 具体指定，详细说明 They have specified the amount as 700,000 dollars spectacle 景象，奇观，壮观，场面 The burning house was a terrible ～

speculate 推测，推断 I cannot ～ on their motives for doing this

spill 溢出，溅出 The ship ～ed oil while in port

spin 纺制 ～ cotton into yarn

spit 吐出 He was ～ting out the husks of sunflower seeds on the floor

splash 溅泼A passing car ～ed my dress

split 劈开，切开，裂开 ～ the firewood with an axe

spoil 损坏，毁掉 It would ～ my reputation

sponsor 发起者，主办者，保证人，赞助者the ～ of the annual Christmas parade spot斑点，污点 a blue tie with ～s

spray 浪花，水花 The new shower heads reduce ～ and waste less water

sprout 抽条，发芽，长出 The seeds we planted finally ～ed

20

spur 靴刺，踢马刺a pair of ～s

squeeze 榨，挤 ～ juice from oranges

stab 刺，戳，猛的一击，突发的一阵 a ～ of anxiety

stack整齐的一叠 a ～ of bills

staff 全体职员，全体雇员 The company has got a ～ of about 40

stain 玷污，污染 His shirt was ～ed with blood

stale 食品等不新鲜的，走味的 These old peanuts taste ～

stall 牛舍

stamp 邮票 put a ～ on a letter

start 开始，动手 I’ve got so many things to do,I don’t know where to ～

startle 惊吓，使吃惊 The horse ～s easily

starve 使挨饿，饿死 Many live in luxury while others are starving

station 车站 at Victoria Station

stationary 固定的，静止的，非流动的 ～ troops

statistics 统计，统计资料 The recent ～ on marriage are interesting

steer 掌舵，驾驶 ～ a car through the entrance

stern 严厉的，苛刻的 a ～ punishment

stick 棍，棒，手杖 Grandfather walks with a ～

stimulate 刺激，促使 ～ economic growth

sting刺，螫，叮 A bee stung him on the neck

stir 使微动，移动 A breeze ～red my hair

stitch 一针，针脚 Make your ～es closer together

stock 原料，备料，库存，现货 Rags are used as a ～ for making paper

stoop 俯身，弯腰She ～ed to pick up her fan

storm 风暴，暴风雨，暴风雪 A ～ arose

straightforward 一直向前的，直接的 a ～ business transaction

strain 拉紧，绷紧 If you ～ the elastic any more, it will break

strap 带，皮带 silks ～s

stream 小河，溪流 on the banks of a ～

strength 力量，力气，活力，效力 the economic ～ of a nation

stress压力，紧张 Not all of us can cope with the ～es of modern life

stretch 伸直，伸长 He yawned and ～ed himself

stride阔步前进，大踏步走He strode to the platform

strike 打击，撞 A stone struck me on the head

string 细绳，线，带 She took the parcel and started to undo the string

strip 剥去，除去 The wind stripped the tree of all its leaves

strive 努力，奋力，力求～ towards a goal

stroke 敲，打，鸣 drive in a nail with one ～ of the hammer

stubborn 顽固的，倔强的 The ～ boy refused to listen to his parents’advice

stuff 原料，材料，物品，东西 He has got all the ～ ready for building his new house subject 题目，主题 the ～ for a debate

submerge 浸没，淹没，湮没 The stream overflowed and ～d the farmland submit 屈服，服从，投降 ～ to foreign pressure

subordinate 下级的 In the army ,captains are ～ to majors

21

substance 物质，实质 the ～ of pre-school education

substitute 代替者，代替物 He is the doctor’s ～ during holidays times

subtle 微妙的，巧妙的 His whole attitude has undergone a ～ change

subtract 减，减去 Subtract 4 from 10 you get 6

succession 连续，一系列 a ～ of debates

suck 吸，A large mosquito was sucking blood from the back of her hand

sue 控告，起诉 ～ sb for slander

summary 总结，概要 This book has a ～ at the end of each chapter

superb 极好的，一流的，杰出的 ～ science and engineering

superficial 表面的 a ～resemblance

superfluous过多的，剩余的，多余的a ～remark

supervise 监督，管理，指导 ～ sb’s every move

supplement增补，补充 a ～ to wages

suppress压制，镇压 ～human rights

supreme最高的，至上的 a ～ ruler

surpass超过，优于，强于，胜过 ～ advanced world

surplus过剩，剩余 a teacher ～

survey调查～ population growth in the southern provinces

survive 幸存，幸免于Only two people ～d the fire

suspect 怀疑 He ～ed a plot against his life

sustain支撑，承受The fountains were not strong enough to ～ the weight of the house swallow 吞，咽 ～ one’s food

swarm 蜂群

sway摇摆 a tree ～ing gently in the breeze

swear宣誓，发誓 ～ on a Bible to observe secrecy

swell 膨胀，鼓起 A tire ～s as it is filled with air

swing 摇摆，摇荡 ～ a baby in the cradle

sympathy 同情心，慰问 a man of wide sympathies

synchronize使同步，使结合，使协调 Their steps ～d

T

taboo 禁忌，忌讳Movies producers attempted to break down all the ～s

tackle 用具，装备 shaving ～

tailor 裁缝 go to the ～’s

talk 讲话，谈话 Is your baby talking yet?

tame 驯化的，驯服的，温顺的 ～animails

tan棕黄色，黄褐色 buy some shoes in tan

tax 税（款）Half of his wages go in tax

tear 撕开，撕裂tear open an envelope

tease 戏弄，取笑 The boy is teasing the cat

tedious 单调乏味的，冗长的，罗嗦的a ～ debate

temper 心情，脾气 be in a good～

tempt 引诱，诱惑 Nothing could ～ me to do such a thing

tend 趋向，倾向 Interest rates are ～ing upwards

tender 嫩的 a ～ piece of meat

22

tentative 试验性的，试探性的，暂时的，推测的 a ～plan

term 学期 the spring ～

terminate 停止，结束，使终止 ～ a contract

terrify 使害怕，使惊吓 She was terrified out of her wits

testify 作证，证明 He agreed to ～ on behalf of the accused man

thermal 热的，由热造成的 ～burns

thirst 渴，口渴 The heat creates a ～ in me like I’ve never had before

thread 线，线状物 cotton ～

thrill 使非常兴奋，使非常激动 It’s a sight that never fails to ～ me

thrive 兴旺发达，繁荣 His business is thriving

thrust 推，刺，戳，插，挤He was ～ into power

tick （钟声等发出的）滴答声

tidy 整洁的，整齐的a ～ room

tilt 使倾斜，使倾倒 Tilt your head back so that I can look down your throat

time 时间，时刻，时候 ～ and space

tip 末端，尖端 the tips of the fingers

toast 烤面包，吐司 two slices of ～

token 表示，标志，象征He did that as a ～ of good faith

torture 拷打，拷问 ～ a confession from a prisoner

toss 扔，抛，掷 The children tossed the ball to each other

tough 坚韧的，牢固的 Some plastic are as ～ as metal

tow 拖，拉，牵引 tow a damaged ship into port

tower 塔，塔楼，高楼 a television ～

trace 痕迹，踪迹 The wound healed, leaving almost no ～ of a scar

track足迹，踪迹～s in the snow

tragedy 悲剧 Hamlet is one of shakespeare’s best known tragedies

trail 痕迹，足迹 a ～ of destruction left by the violence

tramp 步行，跋涉 He loves ～ing over the hills

transfer 转移，调动 the company has transferred to an eastern location

transform 变形，改观 ～ a hotel into a hospital

transient 短暂的，转瞬即逝的 ～ happiness

transmit 播送，发射 ～ a match live

transparent 透明的 Glass is ～

transplant 移植，移种，移居 ～ a human heart into a patient

treasure 财宝，财富 dig for buried ～

trend 倾向，趋势an upward ～ of prices

trick 诡计，骗局 He got the money by a ～

trifle 琐事，小事 One should not get angry about such a ～

trim 整齐的，整洁的 ～ lawns

trip 旅行，旅游 a ～ round the world

triple 三倍的，三重的，三部分的，三方的Black unemployment rate runs ～ the figure for

whites

triumph 胜利 a ～ over the enemy

trivial 琐碎的，不重要的，无价值的 ～ matters

23

tuck 夹入，藏入 He ～ed the letter in a book so he wouldn’t lose it

tug （用力）拖或拉He tugged the door but it wouldn’t open

tumble 跌到，滚下The baby is just learning to walk and he’s always tumbling over

tune 曲调，曲子 She wrote the words of the song and her brother wrote the ～

turbulent 骚乱的，动荡的，混乱的，狂暴的a ～ crowd

turn 转动，旋转Turn the hands of the clock until they point to 9 O’clock

tutor 家庭教师，指导教师 When the students are making their choices, their ～ may well guide

them

twinkle 闪烁，闪耀，闪亮 The diamond on her finger ～d in the firelight

twist 捻，搓，绞，拧 ～ a rope out of threads

U

ultimate 最后的，最终的 The war ended for us in ～ victory

unanimous 全体一致的，一致同意的 They are ～ in asking for a rise in pay

uncover 揭开，揭露 ～ a dish of food

underestimate 低估 ～ the difficulties of the task

undergo 经历，遭受，忍受 ～ much suffering

underline 在??下划线，强调 Please translate the ～d sentences in the passage

underlie 位于??之下 Many facts ～ my decision

undermine 在??下挖 ～ a wall

undertake 着手做， 从事 ～ an attack

undesirable 不合意的，不受欢迎的 The drug has ～ side effects

uneasy 心神不宁的，不安宁的 be ～uneasy about the future

unfold 展开，打开 ～ a newspaper

uniform 不变的，相同的，均匀，统一的 a ～ temperature

unify 使成一体，统一 become a unified nation

update 更新，使现代化 ～a textbook

upgrade 提高，使升级，改善 ～ products and services

uphold 举起，高举 He upheld his clenched hand

upright 挺直的，垂直的 an ～ seat

uproar 骚乱，骚动The public ～ over unclear-radiation hazards continues to mount upset 弄翻，打翻 I’ve ～ a tin of paint on the carpet

up-to-date 时新的，新式的，现代化的They are ～ on recent developments in the world

computer industry

urge 推进，鼓励 The president ,～d on by his staff, has decided to attend the talks

urgent 紧迫的，紧要的 He left the country on ～ business

utilize 利用 ～ solar energy

utter 发出（声音等），说，吐露 ～ the truth

V

vacant 未被占用的 a ～ seat in a bus

vague 含糊的，不明确的，模糊的 a ～ answer

vain 徒劳的，无效的 ～ efforts

valid 有根据的 a ～ excuse

value 价值 I was offered 50 pounds for my old car but its ～ is much higher

vanish 突然消失，逐渐消散 With a wave of his hand, the magician made the rabbit

24

veil 面纱，面罩 Jewish women wore ～s in token of reverence and submission ventilate 使通风，使空气流通 ～ a room

venture 冒险，冒险行动，投机行动take a ～ in oil

verge 边，边缘，边沿 the ～ of a stream

verify 证明，证实Subsequent events verified my suspicions

versatile 多才多艺的 a ～ man

versus 诉讼，竞赛等中以??为对手 The match tonight is China ～ Japan vertical 垂直的，立式的 a ～ engine

veto 否决，否决权，否决权的行使 The rest of the committee could not accept the ～ vibrate 使震动，使摆动 His heavy footsteps upstairs made the old house ～ vicious 邪恶的，恶毒的，凶残的 lead a ～ life

vigor 体力，精力，活力 in the ～ of manhood

violate 违反，违背 ～ the traffic regulations

virtual 实际上的，事实上的 the ～ manager of the business

virtue 美德，德行 Among her many ～s are loyalty ,courage, and truthfulness visible 看得见的，可见的 a ship barely ～ on the horizon

vision 视力，视觉 ～ care

vital 有生命力的 The heart is a ～ organ

vivid 鲜艳的 the ～ green of leaves in spring

void 空的 a ～ space

volunteer 志愿者，自愿参加者 Are there any ～s for a swim?

vote 投票，表决 bring sth to a vote

W

wage 工资，报酬 What is your weekly ～?

wake 醒来，醒着，唤醒 He spends all his waking hours working

waken 醒来，睡醒He wakened when the alarm sounded

wander 漫步，徘徊 He ～ed home

ward 病房 a 4-bed ～

warrant 授权，批准，正当理由，根据 He had no ～ for his action

waterproof 不透水的，防水的 ～ material

way 方法，方式 Do it your own way

wear 穿，戴 ～ diamonds

weary 疲倦的，疲劳的 a ～ look

weave 织，编，编制 ～ cloth

wedge 楔子，三角木 Please put a ～ in the door so that it will stay open

weed 杂草，野草My garden is running to ～s

weep 哭泣，流泪 ～ for one’s failure

weigh 称??重量，称～ oneself on the scales

weld 焊接，煅接 It takes speed to ～ steel at this heat

whirl 旋转，急转 The couples ～ed round the dance floor

whisper 低语，耳语，轻声说 ～ to sb

whistle 吹口哨，鸣笛 The train ～d

whitewash 粉饰

wholesome 有益于健康的 ～ surroundings

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wicked 坏的，邪恶的，淘气的，恶作剧的 ～ habits

wind 绕，缠The snake wound around a branch

wire 金属丝，金属线steel ～

withdraw 抽回，收回，提取 She withdrew her eyes from the terrible sight

withhold 使停止，阻挡 be obliged to ～ one’s pen

withstand 经受，承受 ～hardships

witness 目击者，见证人a ～ of the accident

wonder 奇迹 the Seven Wonders of the World in ancient times

worship 崇拜，崇敬 the ～ of the dollar

worth 值??钱a house ～ 50,000 pounds

wrap 包，裹 ～ oneself in a blanket

wreck 失事，遇难 a train ～

wrench 扳手 He is a ～ .

wrinkle 皱，皱纹 He will wore the ～s of anxiety on his forehead.

write 写，写字，写信，写作 She ～s to me every other week.

Xerox 静电复印（法），静电复印件，静电复印机 Make me a ～ of this report.

Y

yield 生产，产生，带来 This orchard ～s apples and pears.

Z

zeal 热心，热忱，热情 a man of ～

zigzag之字形的，弯曲的 a ～ road

zone 地带，分布带 a danger ～

英语考研词汇新增单词（243个）

（说明：凡英美拼写不同的单词，两种拼写都予给出，用斜线分开，英式在前，美式在后。） abdomen n.腹，下腹(胸部到腿部的部分)

abound vi.大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于

acclaim v.向…欢呼，公认 n.欢呼，喝彩，称赞

accountant n.会计人员，会计师

addict v.使沉溺；使上瘾 n.沉溺于不良嗜好的人

advent n.(重要事件等的)到来，来临

affluent a. 富裕的，富足的

air-conditioning n.空调设备，空调系统

aisle n.(教堂、教室、戏院等里的)过道，通道

album n. 唱片;集邮册,相册

amiable a.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的

amid prep.在…中间，在…之中，被…围绕

anguish n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼

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antique a.古式的，过时的 n.有价值的古物，古董 appall v.使胆寒,使惊骇 （a. appalling）

arrogant a.傲慢的，自大的

artery n.动脉；干线，要道

aspire vi.(to，after)渴望，追求，有志于

assassinate vt.暗杀，行刺；中伤

asset n.(pl.)资产(产)；有用的资源；优点，益处 auction n.／vt.拍卖

audio n./a.音频(响)(的)；声音(的)，听觉(的) audit v.审计；查帐；核对；旁听

auditorium n.观众席，听众席；会堂，礼堂

authentic a.真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的，有根据的awe n.敬畏，惊惧vt.使敬畏，使惊惧

bait n.饵，引诱物 vt.用饵引诱；招惹，捉弄 balcony n.阳台；(电影院等的)楼厅，楼座

ballet n.芭蕾舞，芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞团

ballot n.(不记名)投票；投票总数；投票权 vi.投票 barbecue n.烤肉用的台架；烤肉野餐 vt.在台架上烤肉 barren a.贫瘠的；不育的；(植物)不结果的；无用的 belly n.肚子，腹部；(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分，膛 benign a.(病)良性的,(气候)良好的,仁慈的,和蔼的 beverage n.(水，酒等之外的)饮料

bin n.(贮藏食物等用的)箱子

bizarre adj.异乎寻常的，稀奇古怪的

blackmail n.讹诈，敲诈，勒索；胁迫，恫吓 blade n. 刀刃，刀片；桨叶，桨片；草叶，叶片 blouse n.女衬衣，短上衣，宽阔的罩衫

blueprint n.蓝图，设计图，计划 vt.制成蓝图，计划 blur n.模糊不清的事物 vt.使模糊，使看不清楚 boost n.促进，激励；一抬；一推 vt.推动，增强 27

bowel n.肠；［pl.］内部，深处

breach n.违反，不履行；破裂 vt.冲破，攻破 briefcase n.手提箱，公事皮包

browse vi.随意翻阅，浏览；(牛、羊等)吃草 bruise n.青肿，挫伤；伤痕vt.打青；挫伤

bully n.恃强欺弱者，小流氓 vt.威胁，欺侮

bureaucracy n.官僚主义，官僚机构；(非民选的)委任官员burglar n.(入室行窃的)盗贼

cape n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风

carbohydrate n.碳水化合物; 糖类；(plural)淀粉质或糖类 celebrity n.名人，名流；著名，名声，名望

Christ n.基督，救世主，耶稣

clergy n.[总称]牧师，神职人员

coalition n.结合体，同盟；结合，联合

costume n. 戏装；泳装；服装

cosy/cozy a.暖和舒服的；舒适的 [反]uncomfortable credentials n.(个人能力及信用的)证明书，证件 ebb vi.衰退，减退 n.处于低潮，处于衰退状态

eccentric a.古怪的，怪癖的，异乎寻常的n.古怪的人 ego n.自我，自负，利已主义；(心理学)自我意识 eligible a.有条件被选中的；(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的 endow vt.资助，捐赠；(with)给予，赋予

escalate v.(使)逐步增长(或发展)，(使)逐步升级 escort vt.护送(卫)；陪同 n.警卫，护送者；仪仗兵 evade vt.逃避，回避；避开，躲避

excel vi.(at，in)突出，擅长vt.胜过，优于

excerpt n.摘录，节录 vt.摘，引用

exile n.流放；被流放者 vt.流放，放逐，把…充军 fairy adj.幻想中的，虚构的

feat n.功绩，伟业，技艺

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federation n.联合会；结盟，联合

fore ad.在前面 a.先前的；在前部的 n.前部

formidable a. difficult to defeat or deal with 难对付的；可怕的 foster vt. 照管；培养；促进

foul a.令人不快的；恶臭的；邪恶的 v.弄脏 n.(体育等)犯规 fridge n.(refrigerator的略语)冰箱

fringe n.边缘；(窗帘)缘饰；额前垂发 vt.饰…的边 fume n.(usu pl.)（浓烈或难闻的）烟，气，汽

futile a.无效的，无用的，无希望的

gender n.(生理上的)性；(名词、代词等的)性

glamour n.魔力，魅力 vt.迷住

gorgeous a.华丽的；灿烂的；美丽的；宜人的；棒的 graphic a.生动的，形象的；绘画的，文字的，图表的 grim a.严酷的，令人害怕的；不愉快的，讨厌的 grin n.vi. 露齿笑，咧嘴笑

grope vi.暗中摸，摸索；探索，搜寻vt.摸索

guideline n.指导方针，指导原则，准则，标准

guitar n.吉他 vi.弹吉他

gut n.[pl.]胆量；内脏a.本能的vt.取出内脏

habitat n.(动物的)栖息地，(植物的)产地

harassment n.骚扰，扰乱；烦恼，烦乱

heave v.(用力)举，提，拉；扔；拖；呕吐n.举起 herb n.药草，(调味用的)香草，草本植物

hierarchy n.等级制度；统治集团，领导层

hike n.徒步旅行；增加vi.徒步旅行vt.提高

hip n.臀部，髋；屋脊

hop v.人单足跳;跳上(车等)n.蹦跳;短程飞行

hound n.猎狗；卑鄙的人 vt.用猎狗追，追逐

housing n.住房，住房供给；(外、阀)壳，防护罩 hover vi. 盘旋；徘徊

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howl n.怒吼，嗥叫 vi.(风等)怒吼，咆哮

huddle vi.挤作一团；蜷缩vt.聚集n.挤在一起的人

hum v.哼曲子；发嗡嗡声；忙碌n.嗡嗡声，嘈杂声 humiliate v.使羞辱，使丢脸[同]disgrace

hurl vt.猛投，力掷；大声叫骂

hurricane n.飓风 ；十二级风

hypocrisy n.伪善，虚伪

ideology n.意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识

infrastructure n.基础结构，基础设施

inhale v.吸入(气体等)，吸(烟)

juvenile n.少年 a.青少年的，适合青少年的；幼稚的 kin n.家族，亲属 a.亲属关系的

lapse n.失误；(时间的)流逝 vi.逐渐下降；终止

laptop n.小型计算机

layman n.俗人，外行，门外汉

layoff n.临时解雇；关闭；停歇

lottery n.抽彩；碰运气的事，难于算计的事

majesty n. stately, grand appearance; splendor 雄伟，壮丽，庄严 majestic a.

manoeuvre/maneuver vi.熟练地进入

medieval a. 中世纪的

meditate v.认真思考，沉思；计划，考虑

momentum n. 动量；动力；势头

monarch n.帝王，君主，最高统治者

motivate vt.促动；激励，鼓励，作为…的动机

nightmare n.恶梦；可怕的事物，无法摆脱的恐惧

optimum a.最适宜的 n.(生长繁殖的)最佳条件

option n.选择(权)；可选择的事物(或人)，选课

overturn n. 推翻

oxide n. 氧化物

30

ozone n. 臭氧；清新的空气

pact n.合同，条约，公约

paperback n.平装本，简装本

passerby n.过路人，路人

pilgrim n.最初的移民(P大写，指1620由欧洲移居美国的清教徒) plea n.(法律)抗辩；请求，恳求，托词，口实

portray v.描写，描述；画(人物、景象等)

prone a.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的

prophet n.预言家；先知；提倡者

radiant a.(面容、目光)洋溢着幸福的，明亮照耀的

rap vt.急敲；突然厉声说出；训斥n.急敲(声)

rape n.强奸；破坏，蹂躏 vt.强奸；破坏，蹂躏

rash a.轻率的，鲁莽的 [反]deliberate n.皮疹

reassure v.使安心，使放心；使消除疑虑

recede v.退去；缩进；收回，撤回 [反]approach

recipient n.a person who receives sth 收到者

reckless a.不注意的,大意的,卤莽的,不顾后果的

rectangle n.[数]矩形, 长方形

recur v.(尤指不好的事)一再发生；重现

recycle vt./vi.重复利用(用过的物资)，循环使用

redundant a.被解雇的；多余的，过剩的

refugee n.(政治上的)避难者，难民

refund n.v. 退款；赔偿

relish n.喜好，乐趣；美味；胃口 v.爱好，喜欢

remnant n.残余，剩余；残余物，残存部分

renaissance n.[the R-]文艺复兴(时期)；新生，复兴

repertoire n.全部剧目,保留剧目,全部技能

repression n.压抑，压制，镇压

retention n.保留；保持；记忆(力)

retort n.v.报复；反击；反驳

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retrieve vt.重新得到，取回；挽回，补救；检索 retrospect v.n.回顾，回想，追溯[反]foresee

revelation n.揭示，透露，显示；被揭示的真相，新发现 rigorous a.严格的，严厉的，严酷的(气候条件) riot n.暴(骚)乱；(色彩等)极度丰富vi.聚众闹事 rip v.猛撕开；扯开；被撕开；裂开

ritual a.宗教仪式的，典礼的 n.仪式，典礼；惯例 robust a.强健的，茁壮的；有力的 [反]feeble

salvation n.(尤指基督)救世，超度；拯救，解困

sanction v.同意(某事)，批准，认可 n.批准,国际制裁 sane a.心智健全的，神志清醒的；明断的，理智的 sarcastic a.讽刺的，嘲笑的，挖苦的

saturate vt.使湿透，浸透；使充满，使饱和

scandal n.丑事，丑闻；流言蜚语；反感，愤慨 scramble vi.(快速地)爬，攀登；互相争夺，争先 script n.剧本(原稿)；手稿，原稿；笔迹，手迹 scrutiny n.周密的调查；仔细看；监视；选票复查 sculpture n.雕刻(术)，雕塑(术)；雕刻作品

sector n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

seemingly ad. in appearance; apparently 表面上的，看起来的segregate vt. separate or keep apart from others 分离，隔离 serial n.连本影片，连本电视节目 a.连续的

setback n.挫折；失效；复发；倒退

shabby a.简陋的，破旧的；卑鄙的，不正当的

shatter n.碎片；粉碎 v.粉碎；使疲惫；使震骇 shove vt.乱推；乱塞 vi.用力推，挤 n.猛推

shuttle n.往返汽车/列车/飞机；穿梭 v.往返穿梭 siege n.包围，围攻，围困

sip v.小口地喝，抿，呷 n.一小口的量

sceptical/skeptical a.怀疑的

32

skim vt.撇去(液体表面)之漂浮物 vi.轻轻掠过 skip vi.略过，跳过 n.跳跃 vt.故意忽略；略过 skull n.头盖骨，颅骨

slaughter n.屠杀，屠宰 vt.屠杀，宰杀

slot n.狭缝；空位vt.放入狭缝中；把…纳入 sneak vi.偷偷地走，溜vt.偷偷地做(或拿、吃) sneeze vi.打喷嚏，发喷嚏声n.喷嚏

sniff vi.嗅…味道；抽鼻涕；对嗤之以鼻，蔑视 soar vi.(指鸟等)高飞，翱翔；飞涨；高耸

sociable a.好交际的，友好的，合群的

sofa n.长沙发，沙发

solidarity n.团结；休戚相关

solitary a.(好)孤独的；偏僻的；单一的，唯一的 solo n.独奏 a. ad.单独的(地)；独唱的(地)

sovereign a.独立的，有主权的 n.君主，国王，统治者 spacious adj.广阔的，宽敞的

spectrum n.谱，光谱，频谱；范围，幅度，系列 spicy a.加很多香料的；(口味)浓郁的

spine n.脊柱，脊椎；(动植物的)刺；书脊

spiral a.螺旋形的 n.螺旋，螺线 v.螺旋上升；盘旋 spouse n. a wife or husband 配偶

stagger vi.摇晃着移动;蹒跚 n.摇晃不稳的动作;蹒跚 stalk n.茎，梗vt.悄悄地跟踪vi.高视阔步地走 staple n.主要产品；名产；纤维；主要成分，主食 statute n.成文法，法令，法规；章程，规则，条例 steak n.牛排；大块肉(或鱼)片

stereotype n.陈规，老套，模式化 vt.使定型，使模式化strenuous a.费力的，艰辛的；奋发的，努力的 strife n.争吵；冲突，斗争；竞争

stroll n.&v.漫步；散步；游荡

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stun vt.使…失去知觉；使目瞪口呆，使吃惊 subsidy n.补助金；津贴费

suffice v.足够，(食物)满足

suite n.套间；一套家具；套，组，系列

summit n.顶，最高点；颠峰，高峰；最高级会议 superstition n.迷信，迷信的观念习俗

surge vi.(如浪潮般)汹涌；奔腾 n.(感情等的)洋溢

susceptible a.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的tangle n.纠缠；缠结；混乱 v.(使)缠绕；变乱 temperament n.气质，性格，性情；资质

texture n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理 thigh n.大腿；股骨

thrift a.节约，节俭

toll n.(道路、桥等的)通行费；牺牲；死伤人数 torment n.折磨；令人痛苦的东西(人)vt.折磨；纠缠 toxic a.有毒的，因中毒引起的

transcend vt. 超出，超越(理性等)的范围

trash n.垃圾；拙劣的作品；渣滓，败类vt.捣毁 tropic n.回归线；[the T-s]热带地区

tumour/tumor n.(肿)瘤，肿块

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第二部分 英语词汇扩充小结

英语词汇浩瀚如海，如何记忆单词，扩大词汇量一直是英语学习者面对的一大难题。本单元介绍的构词知识—— 词缀，是掌握记忆单词的一个重要环节。牢记词根可以起到举一反三的效果。

英语中的词缀包括前缀和后缀。一般而言，前缀只改变词义，不改变词类；后缀主要改变词类，而不改变词义。英语词汇中由词根，前缀，后缀结合在一起的词很多，占有相当大的比重。下面将英语中常见的前、后缀列出，供同学们参考。因为在该资料的第四部分还有系统的词缀词根内容，所以本部分内容是每个同学时间再紧张也必须掌握的。

1． 常用前缀

ab- 相反，不 如：abnormal 反常的

anti- 反对，反抗 如：antibody 抗体 anti-Japanese 抗日的 auto- 自动，自己 如：automatic 自动的 autobiography 自传 bene- 善，好 如：benefit 好处 benevolent 仁慈的

by- 侧，次要，非正式的 如：byproduct 副产品

co-, col-, com-, con-, cor- 共同 如：cooperation 合作 contract 合同

correspond 通信

de- 否定，除去，非 如：decompose 分解

dif-, di- 分开，否定 如：differ 不同于，区别

dis- 不，相反 如：disprove 不赞成

ex- 出，外 如： export 出口 exclude 排斥

extra- 超过，超越 如：extraordinary 特别的

fore- 预先，先前 如： forecast 预报

il- 表示否定意义 如：illegal 不合法的 illogical 不合逻辑的 im-, in- 表示否定意义 如：incorrect 不正确的 impatient 不耐烦的 inter- 在----之间，相互 如：international 国际的 interact 相互作用 ir- 表示否定意义 如：irregular 不规则的

kilo- 千 如：kilogram 千克 kilowatt 千瓦

micro- 微 如：microeconomic 微观经济学 microphone 麦克风 mini- 微小 如：miniskirt 超短裙

mis- 误，坏 如：mistake misguide 误导

over- 在----上，超出，压倒 如：overhead 头顶的 overcome 克服

per- 十分， 完全 如：perfect 完美的

post- 在后，随后 如：postwar 战后 postpone 推迟

pro- 向前，代理 如：progress 进步 pronoun 代词

re- 恢复，再，反对 如：redo 再做 recall 回忆 retreat 撤退 se- 分开，分离 如:：separate 分离 select 选出

semi- 半，部分 如：semifinal 半决赛

35

sub- 下，在下，其次 如： subway 地道 submarine 水下的

super- 超级 如： supermarket 超市 superman 超人

tele- 远的 如：telephone 电话 telescope 望远镜

trans-, tran- 转移，转化 如： transform 改变 transport 运输

un- 表示否定意义 如：uncommon 不平凡的 unconscious 无意识的 under- 在---之下，低于 如：underline 下划线 underground 地下的 up- 向上，在上 如：uphold 高举 upright 垂直的

with- 向后，阻止 如： withdraw 取回，收回 withhold 抑制，阻止

2． 常用后缀

-ability (n.) 可---性 如：readability 可读性

-able (ad.) 能---的，可---的 如：admire---admirable 令人羡慕的

-ably (ad.) ---地 如：reason---reasonably 有理地

-al (a.) 有---的特性 (n.) 表示行为，状况 如：addition---additional 附加的

arrive---arrival 到达

-ality (n.) 表示性质，状态 如：nation---nationality 国籍 民族

-ance (n.) 表示性质，状态，行为 如：ally---alliance 联盟

assist----assistance 帮助

-ant (a.) 有---性质的 （n.）---的人 如：attend---attendant 出席者

-ar (n.) 表示人 如：beg---beggar 乞丐

-arian (n.) ---的人 如：library---librarian 图书馆管理员 -ary (a.) 有---性质的 如：revolution---revolutionary革命的 -ate (v.) 使成为 (a.) 具有---的 (n.) 人 如：activate 使活动 graduate 毕业生

accurate 精确的

-ation (n.) 表示状态，情况 如：alter---alteration 改变

-ative (a.) 有---性质的 如：compare---comparative 比较的 -cy (n.) 表示性质，状态 如：bankrupt---bankruptcy 破产

-dom (n.) 表示性质，状态，领域 如：free---freedom 自由

king---kingdom 王国

-eer (n.) 表示人 如：engine---engineer 工程师

volunteer 志愿者

-en (v.) 使成为 如：deaf---deafen 便聋

sharp---sharpen 削尖

-ence , ency (n.) 表示性质，状态，行为 如：emergency 紧急情况 dependence 依靠 -ent (a.) 有---性质的 (n .) 表示人物 如：confident 自信的 patient 患者 -er (n.) 表人物 如：teach---teacher bank---banker -ery (n.) 表示地点，场所 如：nurse---nursery 托儿所

-ess (n.) 雌性 如：act---actress 女演员 host---hostess 女主人

-ety(n.) 表性质，情况 如：anxiety 忧虑 variety 种类繁多 -ful (a.) 充满的，有---性质的 如：delight---delightful 令人高兴的

help---helpful 有帮组的

-fy ,-efy , -ify (v.) 使变成 如：class---classify 分类 satisfy 使满意 -hood(n.) 表示时期，状态，资格 如：child---childhood 童年

man---manhood 男子气概

36

-ic (a.) ---的 (n.) 表示人物 如：atom---atomic 原子的

mechanic 机修工

-ical (a.) ---的 如：history---historical 历史上的 -ice (n.) 表示情况，性质，行为等 如：serve---service 服务

-ics (n.) 表示理论，学说 如：electron---electronics 电子学 -ier(n.) 从事某一工作的人 如：cashier 出纳员

-ion (n.) 表示情况，状态 如：dictate---dictation 听写

act---action 行为

-ious (a.) 有---性质的 如：vary---various 各种各样的

labor---laborious 勤劳的

-ish (a.) 似---的 如：self---selfish 自私的

fool---foolish 愚蠢的

-ist （a.）表示---主义或信仰 如： social---socialist 社会主义

natural---naturalist 自然主义者

-ive (a.) 有---的性质 如：attract---attractive 有吸引力的 （n.） 表示人或物 如：detect---detective 侦探

-ivity (n.) 表示性质，状态，---性 如：act---activity 活动，活力

product---productivity 生产力

-ization (n.) –ation （n.） 组成，行为，----化 如：modern---modernization 现代化 -ize （v.） 表示使---化 如：standard---standardize 使标准化 -less (a.) 无---的，不---的 如： hope---hopeless 没希望的

-logical (a.) -----学，----的研究 如：zoology---zoological 动物学的

technology---technological 工艺的

-ment (n.) 表示行为，过程，机构 如：agree---agreement 同意

adjust---adjustment 调整

-most (a.) 表示最---的 如：foremost 最先的

-ness (n.) 表示性质，状态 如：blind---blindness 失明

firm---firmness 坚定

-or (n.) 表示人物 如：edit---editor 编辑

-ous (a.) 有---性质的 如：danger---dangerous 危险的 -ship (n.) 表示关系，资格 如：friend---friendship 友谊

member---membership 会员资格

-ward (a. / ad.) 向---方向的（地） 如：forward 向前 backward 向后 -wise (ad.) 表示方向，方式 如： clock---clockwise 顺时针方向地 -y (a.) ---的，多---的 (n.) 性质，情况 如：rain---rainy 雨天的

wind---windy 刮风的

discover---discovery 发现

honest---honesty 诚实

37

第三部分 词汇与搭配集锦

词汇搭配是英语词汇测试的重点，英语词汇中的一些常用词及其构成的短语更是重中之重。理解与掌握这些词语的意义及其用法对英语学习及语言测试有着积极的作用。

1． 常用动词固定搭配

abide by 遵守（法律、诺言、决定等），坚持（意见）

abound in 富有

abstain from 戒绝，避免

accuse sb of 指责

account for 占，说明，解释

act for 代表

act on 实行，其作用

adapt to 适应

adhere to 坚持

admit to 承认

agree on / with 同意（某事）/ （某人）

allow for 考虑到

answer to 符合，适合

approve of 赞成

arrive at / in 到达（某地）

associate with 联合，联系

assure sb of 使放心

attend to 专心，留意

back up 支持，倒退

back down 放弃，退却

benefit from 得益于

blame sb for sth 因某事而责备某人

belong to 属于

break away (from) 脱离，逃脱

break down 损坏，瓦解，崩溃

break in (on) 强行进入，打断，插嘴

break into 闯入

break off 中止，中断

break out 逃出，爆发

break through 突围，突破

break up 中止，结束，打碎，拆散

bring about 带来，引起

bring around 改变主意

38

bring back 归还，带回

bring down 击落，打倒，降低 bring forth 产生，提出 bring forward 提议

bring out 出版，使显出 bring to 使恢复知觉 bring up 培养，抚养

call at 访问，拜访（某处） call for 邀请，要求，需要 call forth

call off

call on / upon

call up

carry away

carry back

carry off

carry on

carry out

carry through

come across

come away

come by

come down

come in

come off

come on

come out

come round

come through

come to

come up

come up to

come up with

cut across

cut back

cut down (on)

cut in

cut off

cut out

drop by / in

drop off

drop out

fall back to

fall behind

唤起，引起，振作起，鼓起 放弃，取消 访问，拜访（某人），号召，呼吁召集，动员，打电话，使人想起 激动（常用被动） 唤起回忆 致死，赢得 继续 实现，完成 实现，完成，帮助某人渡过难关 偶然碰到，偶然发现 断裂，脱落 获得 传给，降价 进来，流行 发生，举行，脱落，停止表演 快点，出现，出场，开始，进展 出版，出现，结果是 苏醒，复原 经历，脱险 总计，苏醒 走进，上来，发生 符合，达到 提出，提供 抄近路，走捷径 消减，减少 消减，降低 打断，插话 切断，阻碍 删除，停止 顺便拜访 减弱，减少 退出 求助，转而依靠于 拖欠，落后 39

fall in with 与-----一致 fall out 争吵，解散 fall through 落空，失败 fall off 从-----上落下

get across 解释清楚，使人明白 get along / on with 进展，过的 get at 够得着，理解 get away 逃脱，离开 get by 通过，经过 get down

get down to

get in

get into

get off

get out of

get over

get rid of

get through

get together

give away

give back

give in

give off

give out

give rise to

give up

give way to

go after

go ahead

go along with

go around

go back on

go by

go down

go for

go in for

go into

go off

go out

go over

go through

go with

go without

hand down

写下 开始，着手 进入，收获，收回 进入，陷入 从-----下来，动身，起身 逃避，改掉 克服，痊愈 除掉，摆脱 结束，完成，接通电话，度过（时间） 集合，聚集 泄漏，分送 送还，恢复 交上，投降，屈服 放出（蒸汽，光），释放 分发，放出（气味，热） 引起，使发生 停止，使放弃 给-----让路，被-----代替 追求 开始，前进 陪同前往 足够分配，流传 违背 （时间）过去，遵循，凭-----判断 下降，被载入 追求，喜爱，适用于 从事，致力于，沉湎于 进入，研究，调查 爆炸，进行，动身，离开 熄灭，外出，过时 复习，检查 遭受，经历，仔细检查 伴随，与-----协调 没有-----而将就对付 流传下来，往下传 40

hand in 上交，递交

hand on 传下来，依次传递 hand out 分发，分给

hand over 移交，让与

hold back 抑制，阻止

hold on 继续，握住不放 hold out 维持，坚持，支持 hold on to 紧紧抓住，坚持

hold up 举起，阻挡，延迟，抢劫 keep back

keep down

keep off

keep on

keep to

keep up

keep up with

lay aside

lay down

lay off

lay out

let along

let down

let go (of)

let off

let out

live by

live on

live through

live up to

look after

look at

look back

look down on

look for

look forward to

look in

look into

look on

look out

look over

look up

make for

make out

make up

阻止，隐瞒，保留 压制，镇压，压低（声音） 不接近，避开 继续，保持 坚持，遵守 保持，维持，继续进行 跟上，向-----看齐 放一边，储蓄 放下，制定 摆开，布置，设计，制定 更不用说 放下，降低，使失望 放开，松手 宽恕，免除 放掉，发出 靠-----生活， 以-----为主食 度过，经受住 做到，不辜负 照料，照看，关心 看，看待 回头看，回顾 请示，看不起 寻找，寻求 盼望，期望 顺便拜访 调查，窥视 旁观，观看 留神，注意，提防 把----看一边，察看 查阅，查考 走向，有利于 写出，辨出，理解 组成，构成，编造，化妆，补充，和好 41 （临时）解雇，停止工作（休息）

make up for 弥补，偿还

pay back 偿还，回报

pay for 支付，付出代价

pay off 还清（债务），取得成功 pick out 挑选，辨认

pick up 拾起，搭车，学会

pull down 拆毁，拉倒，拉下，降低 pull in （车）停下，进站，（船）靠岸 pull out 拔出，取出，（车）驶出 pull up

put across / over

put aside

put down

put forward

put in

put off

put on

put up

put up with

run across

run away

run away with

run down

run into

run out

run over

run through

run up to

see off

see through

see to

set about

set aside

set at

set back

set down

set in

set off

set out

set up

show in

show off

show up

stand by

解释清楚，说明 储存，保留 放下，记下，镇压，平定 提出 驶进 推迟 穿上，上演，增加（体重） 建造，搭起，张贴，提供食宿，提价 容忍，忍受 跑着穿过，偶然碰见 私奔，失去控制 带（某人）私奔，轻易接受（意见） 跑下，人精疲力竭，撞倒，贬低 跑进，使撞，偶然碰见，使陷入 用完，伸向，流出 碾过，浏览 跑着穿过，贯穿，浏览 跑到，（物价）高涨到---- 给-----送行 看穿，识破，干完 负责，照料 开始，着手 留出，把----搁置在一边，驳回 袭击 把（钟表）往回拨，延缓，阻碍 卸下，使着陆，记下 到来，开始，缝上 出发，动身，引起，使发生 出发，陈列，陈述，企图 建立，树立 领入 炫耀，卖弄 揭穿，露出，（口）出席，到场 支持，站在一边，袖手旁观 42 （使）停下

stand for 是----的缩写，代表，意味着

stand out 清晰地显处，醒目

stand up for 维护，支持

take after （外貌）相像

take back 收回，使回想起---

take ---for 以为，误认为

take from 减少，减损，降低

take in 接待，吸收，领会，欺骗，包含，改小（尺寸） take off 把----带往，起飞，脱下，取笑（通过模仿） take on

take over

take to

take up

turn aside

turn away

turn (away) from

turn back

turn in

turn into

turn off

turn on

turn out

turn over

turn up

2．常考动词固定搭配

care for / about

check upon / up

check out

clear up

collide with

conform to

cope with

cover up

cross out

cut across / along / through

destined to do sth / for sth

die down

die out

direct at

dispose of

double sb. Up

dwell on / upon

dwell at / in

雇佣，承担，呈现 接管，接受，接任 开始从事于，养成----的习惯，沉湎于 拿起，着手处理，吸收（水分），占据（时间） 避开，偏离，使转变方向 离开，转过脸去，解雇，防止（灾祸） 对------感到厌恶 停止前进，折回 拐入，上缴，上床睡觉 进入，变成，使成为 关，避开（问题），解雇，生产 开，把------指向，对----发怒 结果是，证明是，制造，生产 使打翻，交给，反复考虑 出现，被找到，翘起，来到 关心，担心，计较（用于否定或疑问句） 检查，检验 办理付账及退房后手续 整理，收拾，天气变清 冲突，碰撞 遵守（规则等） 处理，应付 掩盖（错误、非法自之事） 取消，删去 穿过（某地） 命定，注定做某事 逐渐消失，平息 （习俗等）渐渐消失 针对 处置，处理，舍弃 使躬身，使弯腰 细想，详述 住，留居 43

excuse from 使免除责任

feed into 提供原料

fill in (for sb. ) 临时替换，补缺

flare up 突然发怒，突然烧起来 give sb. sth. away 出卖，泄漏

give oneself up (to sb. ) 投案，自首

go along with 相处得----，赞同，同意 go for 适用，喜欢，支持 go under 下沉，失败

hang back (from sth. )

head for

impose on

knock out

let loose

participate in

pass off

preside over

prey on

result in

run for

run out

see about sth. / doing sth.

set out to do sth.

smooth over

snap at

stand up to

step in

stick sth. out

subject sth./sb. to

switch on

talk into

talk over

touch up

3．名词固定搭配

absence from

accent on

admission to

application for

application to

arouse sb.’ s curiosity about sth.

approach to

attach importance to

be in (out of) contact with

踌躇，犹豫 向------前进 将-----强加于某人 击倒，击晕 释放，放开 参加 主持，长官 捕获，捕食 导致，结果 竞选 用完，耗尽 办完，办理 开始做某事 使（问题）缓解 厉声斥责 经得起考验 介入，干预 坚持到底，忍受 使服从，使遭受 接通（电流），开（电器）说服 商量，商讨 修改，改进 缺席 着重 许可，准许 申请 应用到 激起某人的兴趣 接近，来临 重视 与----接触（失去联系） 44 （药效，疼痛等）停止

be out of balance 不平衡

be friend(s) with 与-----保持友好

be in (out of) harmony with 与----一致（不一致） bear responsibility for 对----负责

break a promise 违背诺言

bring / put into operation 实施，使生效 bring shame on oneself 给某人带来羞辱 bring sth. to sb’s notice 使某人注意----- bring/call to mind 想起

bring to a halt

bring into action

catch one’s breath

call down / lay a curse upon sb.

cast a shadow over

catch at shadows

catch sb’s eye

catch fire

catch / get a glimpse of

catch sight of

come to sb’s knowledge

come to sb’s notice

come to a point

come /go into effect

come into a fortune

come into fashion

come to a halt

combination with

commander in chief

communication with

commit a crime

commit / make an error

come into possession of sth.

come / go into operation

come to one’s senses

come to / arrive at a decision

come to / arrive at an agreement with

reach / make an agreement with

come to sb.’s assistance

complaint about/of

competition with / against sb.

do a threat to

do damage to

do/try one’s best

do sb. harm,

使停止 采取行动 喘息 诅咒某人 蒙上阴影 捕风捉影 引人注目 着火，烧着 对----瞥一眼 看见 被某人知道 引起某人的注意 到紧要关头 实施，生效 继承一笔财产 开始流行 停止 与------结合 总司令 与-----交流，与----通信 犯罪 犯错误 占有某物 实行，生效 恢复理性，苏醒过来 做出决定 与-------达成一致 与-------达成一致 帮助某人 对------抱怨 与某人竞争 对----有威胁 损害------ 尽力，努力 伤害某人 45

do one’s share for sth. 为----贡献自己的力量 draw a clear distinction between 区分，分清 draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论

drive sb. to despair 使某人绝望

entrance to -----的入口，进入 enjoy privileges 享有特权

express one’s satisfaction at / with 对-----表示满意 express sympathy for/ with sb. 对某人表示慰问 express one’s gratitude to sb. for sth. 为某事尔感谢某人 fall in love with

fall into temptation

farewell to

feel sympathy for sb.

find fault (with)

follow the fashion

follow / tread in sb.’s steps

gain / have an advantage over

get command of

get hold of

get into trouble

get / go / fly into a temper

give / extend assistance to sb.

give a description of

give (accept) a challenge

give / show evidence{s) of

give no evidence of

give one’s regards to sb.

give way to

go out of fashion

go shares

grant sb. the privilege of doing sth.

have access to

have a talk with sb.

have an influence on/upon

have a preference for

have a preference of sth. to/over

have a prejudice against sb.

have / run a temperature

have authority over

have a terror of sth.

have a nodding acquaintance with

have confidence in sb.

have / make contact with

have control over/of

爱上 受诱惑 与-----永别，不会再 同情某人 找岔，抱怨 赶时髦 踏着某人的足迹 优于，胜过 控制 抓住 陷入困境 发脾气 给某人帮助 描述 挑（应）战 有-----的迹象 没有-----的迹 向某人致敬 让步，让路 过时，不再流行 分享，分担 赋予某人做某事的特权 有权使用，有权利用 与某人交谈 对---有影响 偏爱----- 喜爱某物胜过----- 对某人有偏见 发烧 对----有权利 惧怕某事 与某人有点头之交 信任某人 和-----接触 控制---- 46

have / hold a conversation with 与----谈话 have the determination to do sth 决心干某事. have / find difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 have faith in 信任----- have sth. in mind 记的，想到

have mercy on/upon 同情-----，怜悯----- hunger for / after 渴望

have resort to sb. 求助于某人 have no reference to 与------无关 have trouble with

hold the position of (as)

keep an eye on

keep / control one’s temper

keep one’s balance

keep ( break ) one’s appointment

keep company with

keep sb. company

keep competition between

keep(break) faith

keep one’s mind on

keep/bear in mind

keep one’s head

keep pace with

keep ( carry out) a promise

keep in touch with sb.

keep track of

keep one’s word

keep to the point

lay a claim to

lay / put / place emphasis on / upon

lead the way

learn by heart

leave sth. out of consideration

lose control of

lose one’s balance

lose one’s head

lose heart

lose contact with

lose sight of

lose one’s temper

lose faith in

lose track of

make an appeal to sb. (for sth. )

make an appointment with sb.

与-----闹纠纷 担任---的职务 照看，留意 忍住不发脾气 保持平衡 守（违）约 与-----结交，与-----亲热 陪伴某人 在------之间进行竞争 忠于（背弃）信仰 专注于 记住 保持镇定 与-----并驾齐驱 遵守(履行)诺言 与某人保持联络 记录，保持与---联系 守信用 紧扣主题 主张，要求，自以为是 着重于，强调 领路，带路 记住，背过 不考虑某事 失去对------的控制 失去平衡 慌乱，惊慌失措 失去信心 与-----失去联系 看不见 发脾气 失去对-----的信任 失去----的线索 向某人呼吁某事 于某人约会 47

make an attempt to do sth. 企图做某事 make the acquaintance of sb. 结识某人 (make) comments on/upon sth. 评论

make a comparison between 把----进行比较 make a complaint against 控告

make / offer an apology to sb. 向某人道歉 make the best of 充分利用 make a decision 决定 make a difference between 区别对待 make a difference to

make an exception of

make no exception(s)

make one’s farewell (s)

make fashion

make a fortune

make friends

make inquiries of sb. about sth.

make preparations against

make preparations for

make mention of

make up one’s mind

make a point

make a promise

make a reduction

make references to

make a response to

make satisfaction for

make /offer resistance to

make sense

make talk

make way

make trouble

make use of

obstacle to

pay regard to

pay attention to

place an order for sth. with

present a striking contrast between

put / bring / carry into effect

play a joke on sb.

play a role in

play a trick on sb.

play a part (in)

put in / into practice

使-----产生变化 把-----作为例外 不容许有例外 告别，道别 做做样子 发财 交朋友 向----某人询问某事 为防止-----做准备 为-----做准备 提及，谈到 下决心 立论，证明论点 许诺 减少 提到 对----做出答复 补偿 抵御，抵抗 讲得通，言之有理 聊天，闲谈 让路，腾出地方 找麻烦，闹事 利用 是----的障碍 重视 注意 向------订购某物 使两者形成明显的对比 实行，使起作用 开某人的玩笑 在-----中扮演角色，起作用 作弄某人 扮演----的角色 实施，实行 48

put sb. to shame 羞辱某人

put / place / lay stress on/upon 把重点放在----

put to use 使用

reaction to 对-----的反应

recovery from 从-----中恢复

resist temptation 抵制诱惑

run / take a risk 冒险

set up (remove) a barrier between 在------中设置（拆除）障碍 set up a claim to sth. 对-----提出要求

set / give a good example to sb.

set the fashion

set fire to

set a trap

substitute for sth.

take into account

take (no) account of

take advantage of

take care

take care of

take a chance

take charge of

take (seek) comfort in

take command of

take into consideration

take ( a) delight in

take one’s departure

take effect

take one’s farewell of sb.

take / give a glance at

throw / cast light on/upon

take notice of

take /make an objection to

take pains

take part in

take place

take the place of

take possession of

take pride in

take the resolution to do sth.

take the responsibility for ( of)

take / bear one’s share of

take the firm stand

take a stand for (against) sth.

take one’s temperature

给某人树立榜样 创立新式样 点燃 设陷阱 代替物 考虑 （不）考虑 利用，趁-----之机 注意，当心 照料，照顾 冒险，投机 接管，管理 在------中得到（寻求）安慰 指挥 考虑 以------为乐 动身，出发 生效，起作用 向某人道别 对-----初略地看一下 使人了解某事 注意到 反对----- 努力，尽力 参加 发生，进行 取代，代替 占有，占领 以-----自豪 决心做某事 负起做某事的责任 承担自己的一份 坚定立场 赞成（反对）某事 量体温 49

take one’s time 不着急

take turns 依次，轮流 thanks to 由于

throw a scare into sb. 吓坏某人

throw / cast / put into the shade 使逊色，使相形见绌 try one’s fortune 碰运气

yield / give way to temptation 经不起诱惑

4．形容词固定搭配

be absent from

be accustomed to

be applicable to

be ashamed of

be aware of

be beneficial to

be blind to

be bound for/to

be capable of

be characteristic of

be common to

be compatible with

be confident of

be conscious of

be consistent with

be content with

be contrary to

be convenient to / for

be crazy about/on

be crazy for

be critical of

be dependent on / upon

be distinct form

be diverse from

be doubtful about/of

be due to

be eager for/about/after

be economical of

be equivalent to

be essential to/for

be familiar to

be familiar with

be fit for /

be fond of

be foreign to

缺席，不在 习惯于 适应于，应用于 对-----感到羞愧 意识到，知道 对----有利 对-----视而不见 准备到-----去的，一定 有-----能力的，可----的 特有的，表示----特性的 共同的，共有的 适合的，一致的 确信，相信 意识到 与----一致，与----相符 对----感到满意 与----相反 对-----方便 对-----着迷，热衷于 渴望 对----表示谴责，对-----感到不满 依赖，依靠 与-----不同，有区别 和----不一样 怀疑 由于，应归于，（按计划）将做---- 渴求------ 节俭，节约 等于，相当于 必不可少的，基本的 为------所熟悉 熟悉 胜任----，适合------ 喜欢 陌生的，与------无关的 50

be good at 擅长于

be generous with / in (doing) 慷慨，大方

be grateful to sb. for 对-----表示感谢

be guilty of 对------感到内疚，犯----的罪 be helpful to 对----有帮助

be identical to/with 与-----相同

be ignorant of 不知道，无知

be independent of 不依靠

be indispensable for / to 必需的

be inferior to

be innocent of

be jealous of

be keen on

be liable to

be liable for

be loyal to

be married to

be new to

be opposite to

be preferable to

be prior to

be proportional to

be proud of

be qualified for

be qualified in

be ready for

be relative to

be relevant to

be representative of

be resistant to

be responsible to sb. for sth

be ripe for

be secure from / against

be sensitive to

be shy of

be similar to

be skillful at / in

be strict with

be subject to

be sufficient for

be suitable for / to

be superior to

be suspicious of

be thirsty for

劣于，（地位等）低于---- 清白的，无辜的 妒嫉-----，注意提防的 喜爱，着迷于------ 易于------的，应受（处罚）的有责任 对----忠诚的 和某人结婚 陌生的，不熟悉 对立的，相反的 更好的，更可取得 在----之前 与-----成比例 对----感到骄傲 胜任，具有---的资格 胜任，适合 为----做好准备 和----有关系的 与----有关 代表 对----有抵抗力的 对------负责 准备好的，时机成熟的 安全的 对----敏感的 对----迟疑，畏缩 和----相似 善于，精于 对-----严格要求 易受----的，受-----的支配 充足的，满足------ 适合-----的 优于，比-----好 怀疑，猜疑 渴望------ 51

be tired of 厌烦，厌倦

be typical of 典型的，具有代表性的 be uncertain of/about/as to 对-----不确定 be worthy of 值得------

4．介词固定搭配

above all 有其实，最重要的是 after all 毕竟，终究

ahead of

ahead of time

all at once

all but

all of a sudden

all over

all over again

all right

all the same

all the time

and so on / forth

anything but

apart from

as a matter of fact

as a result

as a result of

as a rule

as for / to

as regards

as usual

as well

aside from

at a loss

at a time

at all costs

at all times

at any rate

at best

at first

at first sight

at hand

at heart

at home

at intervals

at large

在-----之前 提前 突然，同时，一起 除了-----都，几乎 突然 到处，遍及 重新，再一次 行，好，安然无恙 依然，照样 一直，始终 等等，诸如此类 除-----以外的任何事 除-----以外（别无） 事实上 结果，因此 由于，作为----的结果 照例，通常 关于，至于 关于，有关 像往常一样，照例 叶，又，同样 除-----以外（尚无） 困惑，不追所措，亏本地 一次，每次 不惜一切代价，无论如何 无论何时，一直 无论如何，至少 充其量，最多 起先，最初 乍一看，第一次看到 在手边，在附近，即将到来 在内心里，本质上 在家，在国内，自在 不时，在（时间，距离上）以-----的间隔 详尽的，普遍的 52

at last 最后，终于

at least 至少，无论如何 at length 最后，终于，详细地 at most 最多，不超过 at no time 决不，从不

at once 立刻，马上

at one time 曾经，一度，同时 at present 目前，现在

at sb’s disposal 由某人支配，供某人使用 at the cost of

at the same time

at this rate

at times

back and forth

because of

before long

beside the point

beyond question

by accident

by air

by all means

by chance

by far

by hand

by itself

by means of

by mistake

by no means

by oneself

by reason of

by the way

by way of

for good

for the better

for the sake of

for the time being

from time to time

in a hurry

in a moment

in a sense

in a / one way

in a / one word

in accordance with

in addition

以----为代价 同时，然而，不过 照此速度 有时，间或 来回，反复 由于，因为 不久（以后） 离题，不相干 毫无疑问 偶然 通过航空途径 务必，尽一切办法 意外地，碰巧 ------的多，最----- 用手，手工的 独自的，单独的 依靠，借助于 错误地，无意中做了错事 决不，并没有 独自的，单独的 由于，因为 顺便地 经过，以-----样的方式 永久地 好转，向好的方向发展 为了，为了-----的利益 暂时，眼下 有时，不时 匆忙，急于 立刻，马上 从某种意义上说 在某种程度上 总之，简而言之 依据，与----一致 此外 53

in addition to 除----以外

in advance 预先，提前

in any case 在任何情况下，无论如何 in brief 以简洁的方式，简言之 in case of 如果发生，以防 in charge of 负责，主管

in common 共有的，共同的 in consequence 结果，因此

in consequence of 由于-----的缘故 in debt

in detail

in difficulty

in effect

in fact

in favor of

in front of

in future = from now on

in general

in half

in hand

in honor of

in itself

in line

in line with

in memory of

in no case

in no time

in no way

in order to

in other words

in part

in particular

in person

in place

in place of

in practice

in proportion to

in public

in quantity = in large quantities

in question

in / with relation to

in return

in return for

in short

欠债 详细地 陷入困境 实际上，事实上 实际上，其实 赞同，支持，有利于 在-----前面 今后，从今以后 总的来说，大体上 分成两半 (工作）在进行中，待办理 为纪念，为庆祝 本质上，就本身而言 成一排，成一直线，有持续 符合，与----一致 为了纪念---- 决不，无论如何不 立刻，马上 状态良好，正气，有秩序 为了，以----为目的 换言之 在某种程度上，部分地 特别，尤其 亲自，本人 在合适的位置，适当地 代替，取代 在实践中，实际上 与----成比例 公开地，当众 大量 正在被谈论，被争论 涉及，关于 作为回报或报答 作为-----的交换 总之，简言之 54

in / within sight of 看得见，在视野范围内 in spite of 不管，不顾

in step 合拍，步调一致

in step with 与-----合步调，与-----一致 in tears 流着泪，哭泣

in the course of 在-----过程中，在-----期间 in the end 最后，终于

in the event of 万一，如果发生 in (the) face of 面对，在-----前面 in the first place

in the future

in (the)least

in the light of

in the way

in time

in / within touch

in touch with

in turn

in vain

instead of

more or less

no doubt

no longer

no more

now and then

off and on / on and off

on a large scale

on a small scale

on account of

on (an / the) average

on behalf of

on board

on business

on condition that

on duty

on earth

on fire

on foot

on guard

on hand

on occasion(s)

on one’s guard

on one’s own

on purpose

首先，本来 将来 丝毫，一点儿 鉴于，根据，由于 挡道，妨碍人的 及时，最后 联系，在----附近 与------有联系 依次，轮流，反过来 徒劳地 代替，而不是 或多或少 无疑 不再 不再，不再存在 不时，偶尔 有时，断断续续地 大规模地 小规模地 由于，因为 平均，通常 代表 在（船、飞机）上 因公，因事 在----条件下，如果 值班 究竟，到底 着火，起火 徒步，步行 值班，站岗 在手头，现有，在场 有时，间或 警惕，提防 独自地，独立地 有意，故意地 55

on sale 出售，廉价出售

on schedule 按时间表，准时

on second thoughts 继而一想，进一步考虑后 on the contrary 相反

on the ground (s) of 根据，以-----为理由 on (the) one hand 一方面

on the other hand 另一方面

on the point of 即将-----之时，正要-----的时候 on the road 在途中

on the spot

on the whole

on time

once again

once (and) for all

once in a while

once more / again

out of breath

out of control

out of date

out of doors

out of order

out of place

out of practice

out of sight

out of the question

out of touch (with)

over and over ( again)

so as to

so---as to

so far

so/as far as--- be concerned

sooner or later

to the point

under control

under / in the circumstances

under way

up to date

with / in regard to

with respect to

with the exception of

without question

word for word

在现场，当场 总的来看，大体上 准时，按时 再一次 一劳永逸，永远地 偶尔，间或 再一次 上气不接下气 失去控制 过时的，废弃的 户外的 不正齐，出故障的 不在合适的位置，不恰当的 久不练习，荒疏 看不见，在视野之外 不可能，办不到的 与-----无联系 反复，再三 为的是，以致于 如此-----以致于 迄今为止 就------而言 迟早 切题，切中要害 被控制住 在这种情况下 在进行中 时新的，现代化的 关于，至于 关于，至于 除------以外 毫无疑问 逐字地，一字不变地 56

第四部分 英语构词知识集锦

1．常用前缀系统归类

序号

前缀

1 a- an- 2 ab- 3 a- ab- abs- 4 ambi- amphi- 5

ant- anti-

6 ante- 7

anto-

8 arch- 9 be- 10 bene- 11 bi- 12

centi-

13 cis- 14 co- 15

col- com- con- cor-

位置

在“t”“v”之前

意义

not，without否定 away，from脱离 avoid避免 both两 around周围 against，opposite “反抗”“反”“抗”before在??之前 self自动

首领

to make intensive 使??加强 善好 two二，双 百，百分之一

在这一边 与??一起 with共同

例词

apo1itical不关心政治的；

anonymous匿名的，无名的，不知名的 abnormal非常的；absorption吸收 abstain弃权，戒；abstract摘要

ambiguous有两个意义的，暧昧的；amphitheater圆形剧场；

ambidextrous左右手都善用的：amphibian两栖的 antarctic南极(的)；and．friction减少摩擦的； anti-Japanese war抗日战争；antimissile反导弹的； antisocial反社会的；antimagnetic防磁的； antiseptic防腐剂；antifreezing liquid抗冻剂 ante-room前厅；ante-Christian基督降生前； antecedent先行的，先时的

automate使自动化；autonomy自治。自治权； autoignite自燃；autostable自动稳定；automobile汽车；

automatic自动的；auto-biography自传；autoignitian自动点火

archbishop大主教；architect建筑师； archbishopric大主教的职位(或管区)；architecture建筑学

belittle使缩小，贬低；befriend友好相待，帮助 benefit利益；benevolenee慷慨； bneficent慈善的；benefactor恩人

bimetalic双金属的；bimotor双发动机； biweekly双周(刊)；biyearly两年一次的 centimetre厘米(百分之一米)；omtilitre厘升(百分之一升)；

centipede蜈蚣(百脚虫)

cisatlantic大西洋西岸(欧洲)；cispontime泰晤士桥北

coexist共存；cooperate合作；

co-auther合著者；cooperation协作 collect收集；collaborate协作；

commemorate纪念；conference会议； correlate相关；compile编辑；

corruption腐败；correlation相互关系；comment评论

57

16

counter- contra-

against．Opposite 反，对应

counteraction反作用；contrast对比，对照； counteract抵抗；counterattack反攻； counterpart对手，副本；

contra．missile反导弹 导弹；counterclcckwise逆时针的

decompose分解；decompression减压；degrade使降级；

demobilize复员；degenerate堕落的； decay衰败；debase贬低；decolour漂白

decimal十进位的；decagramme十克； 17 de-

away，down，negative离开，分，否定，使低下 十 18 deci- deca- 19 demi- di- dia- 22 dis- 23 dis- 24

di- dif- dis- 25 dys- 26 ec- 27

en- em-

28 eu- 29 ex- 30 e- ex- 31 extra- 32 fore-

33 hemi- 34 hepta- 35 hetero- 36

homo- 37 hydr- 38 hyper- 39

hypo- hyp-

加在名、形、动词前 加在动词前

decade十年，十个合成一组 半

demigod半神半人

two二．双

通过，借以，分离

不 disadvantage不利，不利条件；disagree,不同意 不再?? disappear消失：disarm解除武装：disconnect分离

away，negative

distrust不信任．怀疑；

否定，分开，不

disassemble拆开：divest脱衣，剥夺； differentiate区分

坏 dyspepsia 消化不良；dysentery痢疾 异常的 eclipse( 天体)食；ecstasy狂想； eccentric(人、行为)古怪的；行为古怪的人

in，into，to make enlarge扩大；enable使??能；embed埋置，嵌进； 使??，使人 empower使??能；encage关人笼中；embrace拥

抱；

endear受喜爱；embody收录，体现；encamp使宿营

good，well优，善 eugenics优生学；eulogize赞美；eulogy赞美；

euphony悦耳；eupeptic消化良好的

前任的 ex-president前总统；ex-premier前总理 out，away外 external外部的；emit发射；发表(意见)；发行 outside，outward extranuclear核外的；extrasolar太阳系以外的；

在??外，向外

extraordinary非常的；extra．territorial治外法权； extra．European欧洲以外的

before前．预先 foremost最前的；forecast预测；

forefather前人，祖先；forehead前额；foretell预言； foreground前景；foresee预见

半 hemicycle半圆形建筑 七 heptad七人集团；heptagon七角形 other不同的 heteropolar异极的；heteroatom异质原子 same同等 homogeneous均匀的；homopolar同极的；

homosexual同性恋的；homograph同形异义字； homogeneous同类的，同族的；homocentric同中心的

water水 hydrogen氢；hydroelectric水电的 over，above在上，超 hyperfrequency超高频；

hypersonic超声的；hyperphysical超物质的

under下、低、次、少 hypotension低血压；hyposensitize减弱??的敏感

度；

hypogastric下腹的；hypodermic皮下的； 58

40 41

il- im- in- ir-

加在以“l” 不 开头的词前

加在字母m，not，in，into否定，加b，p之前 强或引申意义

42 infra- inter-

45

46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55

intra- intro- kilo- macro- mai- meta-

rnicro- mid- mini- nis- mono- multi-

56 57 milli- neo-

58 59 60 61 62

non-

nona- ennea- octa- oct- octo- omni- ortho-

illegal不合法的；

illiterate文盲；illegitimate非法的

impracticable行不通的；import入口；impossible不可能的；

invisible不可见的；intake纳入；irrational不合理的；

irruption侵入，闯入；inaccurate不准确的； incorrect不正确的；infarnous声名狼籍的；

inaccurate不准确的；imbalance不平衡；impolite不客气的；immovable不可移动的；

irresistable不可抗拒的；irresponsible不负责任的

below在??之下 infra-red红外线；infrahuman低于人类的，类人猿；

between；among；with or on 互相 Inside在内；内部 的；

intracellulor细胞内部的；intrapersonal个人内心的

到??之中 introduce介绍；introspect反省 千 Kilowatt千瓦；kilometer千米；kilogram(me)公斤，

千克

large大的 macrobian长寿的(人)；．rnacroworld宏观世界；

macroclimate大气候

bad，badly恶，不良 maltreat虐待；malfunction机能失常；

malcontent不满的；malnutrition营养不良； maladminister对??管理不善

和，在??之后， Metaphor隐喻；metaphrase逐字硬译； 变化，变位 metaphysics形而上学 small微 micrometer测微计，微测计；microwave微波；

microscope显微镜；microbus微型公共汽车；

microfilm缩微胶卷；micro-switch微型开关

rniddle中，中间 midair半空中；midstream中流 small，little小 miniskirt超短裙；minibus小公共汽车；

miniature小画像，小型的

bad，badly错，坏 mistake 错误 one单一 monomotor 单发动机；monowheel单轮 many多 Multi-coloured颜色多样的，五彩的；

Multi-national多民族的；multiform多种形式的； multilateral多边的；multipole多极

千，千分之一 millennial千年的；milligram毫克 new新 neorealism新现实主义；neolithic新石器时代的；

neotropical新热带区的；neo-colonialism新殖民主义；

neoclassic(a1)新古典主义；neoimpressionism新印象主义

not否定 nonmetal非金属；non-ferrous非铁的；

nonviolent非暴力的；nonprofessional无职业的

九 nonagon九角形；ennead九个一组 八

所有的，公共的，总 正确，直

octagon八角形；October十月；：

octad八个一组，八价元素；octopus章鱼 omnibus公共汽车；omnipotent万能的； omniscient无所不知的

orthogonal直角的；orthodox正统；

59

orthograph正投影图；orthoepy正音 outlive比??长寿；outdo胜过； outsized过大的；outwear穿坏 overwork工作过度；oversleep睡过； overbridge天桥；overload超载

Pan-American泛美的；panacea万灵药，万金油； panorama万花筒；panchromatic全色的 pantopragmatic样样都要插手的： pantoscopic视野开阔

parachute降落伞；parasol阳伞；paratroop伞兵

63 64 65 66 67 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77

out- over- pan- panto- para- pen- penta- per- phil- philo- poly- post- Pre- pro- proto- pseudo-

out超过，过度，外，出，除去

above，too much 上，过度 全，泛 全，所有 防，用降落伞 几乎，相近

五

通过，彻底，完全 挚爱

many多，复，聚 after之后 before之前 预先的 原始，初 false假

78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

quadri- quadru- quinque- quinqui- quinqua- re- retro- se- semi- sept- sex- sexi- sub- suc- suf- sug- sup- sur- super- supra-

四 五

back，again回，再 back往后的 分离 half半 七 六

under次，亚，低于，不足

87 over，above超，在上

pentameter五步诗句

perambulate走来走去；perfect完美；perforate穿孔于

philanthropist慈善家：philospher哲学家；

philanthropy慈善，善心；philomath爱学问的人 polygon多边形；polyatomic多原子的； polyphase多相的；polyunclear多核的 postwar战后；postgraduate研究生； post-liberation解放后

prehistory史前：prerequisite先决条件；

prelude序言前奏曲；pre-election大选前；Prefix前缀

programme节目单；prologue序言，序幕；prophet预言家

protohydrogen初氢；prototype原型；

protoplasm原生质；protoplast原物，原型 pseudoscience伪科学；pseudonym笔名，假名； pseudomorph假象；pseudo-communism假共产主义；

pseudo-democratic假民主的 quadruple四倍的；quadrangle四边形； quadricentennial四百周年纪念 quinta-fever五日回归热；

quintessence精华(古代所谓组成天体的“第五元素”)

reheat再加热；regrind重磨；refuel重新加油；

relive再生，复活；reconsider重新考虑 retrograde倒退的；retrospect回顾

separation分离；secure安全；segregation隔离，分开

semiautomatic半自动的；semimechanized半机械化的

September九月(古罗马的七月)；septennial七年一度的

sexangle六角；sexennial六年一度的； sexcentenary六周年纪念

substandard低于标准规格的；succeed继承；suffix后缀；

suggest提出建议；supplement增补； surreptitious鬼鬼祟祟的，秘密的；subeditor副主编；subconscious下意识的；submarine潜水艇； subcontinent次大陆

superheat过热；surface表面；

surpass超越；supramolecular超分子的

60

sur- sym- syn- syl- sys- tele- thermo- trans- tra- tri- ultra- un- under-

88 with，together共同

89 90 91 92 93 94

远，终端 heat热 across

转换，横过，越过 three三

beyond超过 加在形、副、not否定 名词前

beneath低于，次于，

下内(衣服)

symmetric对称的；syllable音节；system系统； synchronous同步的；synonym同义词：

synchro-cyclotron同步，回旋，加速器；synthetic合成的

teleprinter电传打字机；

telescope望远镜；teleswitch摇控开关

Thermometer温度计；thermodyamics热力学 transmit传送；tradition惯例；

transoceanic横渡大洋的；transnormal超出常规的：transplant移植；transparent透明的

triangle三角形；tripod三角架；triennial每三年一次的；

triple三倍的；tricar三轮车；triode三极管 ultra-short极短的；ultraviolet紫外线的 unpredictable无法预言的；unknown未知的

胞的：

uniaxial单轴的；unilateralism单边主义

uni- one单一

2．常用后缀系统归类

序号

后缀

位置

意义

例词

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

-able -ible -age -al -al -an -ian -ean -an -ance -ence -ancy -ency -ant -ent -ar -ard

加在动词后 加在动词后 加在名词后 加在动词后 加在地名上 加在形容词后

加在形容词后

加在形容词后

加在动词后 加在名词后 加在形容词后

(adj.)capable of，suitable for能(为)??的，适于?的

(n．)state；quality，act表状态，性质，行为 (adj．)related to；like具有??性质的，如??的

(n．)act；one who；that which表动作，人，事物

(adj．)like，related关于??的，有??性质的

(n.)one who人 (n．)state，quality，act表状态，性质，行为 (n．)state, quality，act表状态．性质，行为 (n．)one who。that which表人，物，行为

noticeable值得注意的；portable可携带的； avoidable可避免的；possible可能的

passage通道；breakage破损；shortage缺乏； courage勇气；shrinkage收缩；percentage百分比 functional起作用的；natural自然的；editorial编辑的；

educational教育上的；additional另外的；national民族的 proposal提案；professional专业人员；signal信号；

approval同意；refusal拒绝；arrival到达；rehearsal彩排 suburban郊区的；Canadian加拿大的；European欧洲的；African非洲的

Asian 亚洲人；electrician 电工；physician医生 importance重要性；confidence自信心；

independence独立；appearance外貌；existence存在 consistency贯性；frequency频率；urgency紧迫性

applicant申请人；correspondent通信者；resistant抵抗者；servant仆人；regent(美州立大学)评议员；defendant被告

(adj．)多用于技术词汇 annular环状的；linear线形的；nuclear核子的；cellular

细胞的；familiar熟悉的；columnar圆柱状的

(n.)person having the drunkard酒鬼；coward懦夫 specified quality指人，带轻蔑意味

61

12 -arian 13 -ate

-ute 14 -crat 15 -cy 16 -dom 17 -ed 18 -ee 19 -eer 20 -en 21 -en 22 -er

(-or) 23 -er 24 -ern 25 -ery 26 -ese 27 -ess 28 -ette 29 -fold 30 -ful 31 -ful 32 -gram 加在名词后 加在动词后 加在名词后 加在形容词后 加在形容词后 加在名词后 加在动词后 加在名词后 加在形容词前或后 加在名词后 加在动词后 加在地名后 加在动词后 加在名词后 加在名词、动词、形容词后加在地名上 加在动词后 加在名词后 加在数词后 加在名词后 加在容器后 加在名词后 (n．)variously denoting humanitarian人道主义者： age，section，social octogenarian八十至八十九岁的人； belief or occupation表humanitarian人道主义的； 各种年龄，派别，社会octogenarian八十至九十岁的 信仰，职业的人(adj．)having the quality of有??性质的(带此后缀的名词往往兼作形容词) (adj．)having the quality fortunate幸运的；considerate考虑周到的； of有??(性质)的 passionate热情的；contribute贡献 (n.)a person connected democrat民主人士；bureaucrat官僚 with支持、参与者 (n.)state状态，性质 accuracy准确性；policy政策；bureaucracy官僚主义；infancy婴儿期；bankruptcy破产；diplomacy外交 (n.)state，quality，actfreedom自由；wisdom智慧； 表性质，状态，行为 chiefdom首领地位；kingdom王国 (adj.)adjective form of winged有翼的；pleased愉快的；armed武装的； nouns and verbs(加在动aged上了年纪的；cultured有教养的： 词或名词后构成)talented有才能的；spectacled戴眼镜的 有??的 (n)one who(passive) 表addressee收件人；employee雇员；examinee应试人；示动作的承受者 refugee难民；abandonee受领被遗弃财物者 (年．)one who从事??pioneer开拓者；volunteer志愿者；auctioneer拍卖商；的人 engineer工程师；profiteer投机商； rocketeer火箭专家；electioneer竞选的人 (v.)make使变成?? harden使硬；lengthen使变长；weaken使变弱； broaden加宽；thicken 加厚；fasten绑紧; enlarge扩大 (adj．)having the quality woolen毛的；golden金色的； of有??性质的，rotten腐败的；wooden木制的 似??的 (n．)one who，that whichmanufacturer制造人；best-seller畅销货； 表人，物，该地区的人 survivor幸存音；adapter改编者 反复动词，拟声动词 Londoner伦敦人：New Yorker纽约人： snicker吃吃地笑；whisper窃窃私语 表示方向 eastern东方的；southern南方的； western西方的；northern北方的 (n．)state，quality，act，slavery奴隶制；bravery-勇敢；refinery提炼厂 place of activity表状态，性质，行为，活动地点 (adj．&n.)like，related toChinese中国人．汉语；Portuguese葡萄牙人，葡萄某国(地)的；某国(地)牙语；Japanese日本人；Vietnamese越南 的人及语言 (n．)feminine表女性，hostess女主人；manageress女经理；actress女演员 雌性 (n．)表示假的，人造的cigarette香烟；flannelette棉法兰绒； 代用品 leatherette人造革；kitchenette小厨房 (n．)表示倍数 twofold二倍的；manifold许多倍的；thousand fold千倍的 (adj．)having the quality fruitful有成果的；doubtful有怀疑的； of充满??的，具cheerful高兴的；peaceful和平的；wonderful好极了有??性质的 的 (adj．)表示某容器的容handful少量；spoonful一茶匙的量；glassful一玻璃量 杯的量 (n．)构成图“画”“字”diagram图表；program大纲，节目单；telegram电等含义 报 62

33 34 35 36 37 -graph 加在动词后 -hood -la

加在名词后 加在形容词后

-ian 加在地名后 -an -ic 加在名词后 (-ical)

(n.)用于写或记录的仪calculagraph计时器；micrograph微写器； 器 seismograph地震仪；chorograph位置测定器

(n．)state，quality表身neighborhood邻里；livelihood生计；manhood男子份，状况，性质 气概；fatherhood父亲的身份；falsehood谬误 (n．)disease，state，pneumonia肺炎；media媒介；militia民兵 quality疾病，集合，抽象名词

(n．)指大陆，国家，人 Mile．an非洲人；American美国人；Australian澳大

利亚人

(adj．)like，related toheroic英雄般的；metallic金属的； 类似的，具有??的 logical合逻辑的；microscopic显微镜的 38 -ician 39 -ics 40 -id 41 -ify 42 -ing -ing

44 -ion -tion -sion

45 -ish① 46 -ish② 47 -ish③ 48 -ish④ 49

-ism

50 -ist 51 -ite 52 -itis 53 -ity 54 -ive 55

-ize -ise -yze -yse 56

-1ess

加在形容词

后

加在名词后 加在动词后 加在名词、形

容词后 加在动词后 加在名词后

加在动词后 加在国家名称之

后

加在普通名

词之后

加在表颜色

的形容词后

加在名词或动词之后 加在名词后 加在动词后 加在名词后 加在形容词后

加在名词后 加在形容词后 加在名词后

(n．)指熟悉??的人 (n．)表示一门学科 (adj.)state性质 (v．)cause to become使 成??，使??化 (n．)indicating material表示材料

(adj .)构成现在分词作定浯 (n．)state，quality，act表情况，状态，性质，行为

(n．)表该国的或该国人 (adj.)表具有??性质或含有轻蔑的意思 (adj.)表略带颜色的 (v．)从法文借来的

(n．)state，4Jali够，act；doe．trine，system表行为，状态，制度，社会信仰，学说

(n．)member of a party，occupation，etc．从事??工作的人

(adj.)related to，having the quality of具有?? 性质的 表示炎症 (n．)state．quality，act表行为，性质，状态 (adj．)tending to，having the quality of表倾向，关系，特性

(v．)cause to be of have以??方式对待；??化 (adj.)without没有??

electrician电学专家；

logician逻辑学家；mathematician数学家

acoustics声学；aerobatics技巧飞行术；

economics经济学；electrostatics静电学

acid酸的；arid干燥的；

florid绚烂的；horrid可怕的；acrid刻薄的 magnify 放大；simplify简化；purify提纯； certify证明；glorify颂扬；electrify使电气化 piping管道系统；wiring配线

agonizing令人痛苦的；appetizing开胃的； fascinating迷人的；exciting使人兴奋的 fashion时髦；decision决定；addition增加；dominion统治权；description描写 Swedish 瑞典的，瑞典人；Irish爱尔兰的，爱尔兰人 childish孩子气的；㈨ish傻里傻气的；．selfish自私自利的

greenish浅绿色的；yellowish淡黄色的

abolish废除．blandish讨好； cherish爱护；perish毁灭

criticism批评；formalism形式主义；

impressionism印象主义；capitalism资本主义 socialist社会主义者；dramatist剧作家； dentist牙科医生；botanist植物学家 definite一定的；opposite相对的；favorite特别喜欢的 bronchitis支气管炎；arthritis关节炎；appendicitis

阑尾炎

unity团结一致；maturity成熟性； conductivity传导性；visibility能见度 relative有关系的；active积极主动的； productive生产的 realize实现；mechanize机械化； analyse，analyze分析； Americanize美国化；popularize推广 fearless无畏的；boundless无边的；

63

的

57 58 59 -let -like -ling 加在名词后 加在名词后 加在形、名词useless无用的；homeless无家可归的；

groundless站不住脚的；fruitless没有成效的

(n．)small，unimportantbooklet小册子；leaflet嫩叶，传单； 小 cutlet肉片；kinglet小国王；streamlet小溪

(adj.)having the quality warlike好战的；dreamlike梦一般的；humanlike象of有??性质的，人类的 象??的

(adj.)小(带轻蔑的意思) lordling 傀儡王；weakling窝囊废；

60 -logy 61 -ly① 62 -ly② 63 -ment

64 -meter 65 -ness 66 -nomy 67 -or 68

-ous -eous -ious -iois 69 -proof 70 -ship 71

-some

72 -ster

73 -th 74 -try -ery 75 -ty 76 -ure 77

-ward

后

加在名词后 加在名词后 加在形容词后 加在动词后

加在形容词

后

加在形容词

后

加在动词后 加在名词后

加在名词后 加在名词后 加在形容词、名词、动词后 加在形容词后

加在形容词、动词、数词后

加在名词、形容词、动词之后

加在形容词后

加在动词后 加在名词、

(n．)discourse．study论，研究 (adj.)having the quality of如??的．有??特性的

(adv．)in the manner of??地(状态．程度，性质，方式)

(n.)stale，quality，act表行为．状态，性质 仪器 (n.)state, quality表状态、性质 (n．)表示一门学科 (n．)指人或物 (adj．)having the quality of富有??的 (adj．)防??的，耐??的

(n．)state，quality表状况，状态，性质 (adj．)having the quality of象??的，引起??的，易于??的，有??倾向的

(n．)a person making or doing something，a member of做??的人，与??有关系的人 (n．)第??，性质 (n．)表示集体、地点 (n．)表示特性或情况 表示行为及其结果 (adv．)toward表方向

duckling小鸭子；foundling弃儿

biology生物学；ideology思想(体系)； technology技术；archaeology．考古学；

etymology词源学；geology地质学

manly男子气的；lovely可爱的；costly昂贵的 hurriedly匆忙地；purposely有目的地；

seemingly表面地；immediately立即；partly部分地 enjoyment欣赏；management管理：instrument工具： punishment惩罚：8ITIU,'~e1)lent蜈乐 speedometer测违仪

consciousness觉悟；darkness黑暗：busyness忙碌： kindness仁慈；progressiveness进步 ┃ astronomy天文学；economy经济；

taxonomy分类学；autonomy自冶权

accelerator加速器；actor演员；

collector收藏家；accumulator存储器；accommodator替工

advantageous有利的；famous著名的；various各种各样的；

continuous持续的；courageous英勇的 waterproof防水的；boomproof防弹的；soundproof隔音的；

burglar-proof防盗的

partnership伙伴关系；sportmanship运动员道德； leadership领导；citizenship公民身份；

championship冠军头衔

troublesome讨厌的；lonesome寂寞的； loathsome讨厌的；fulsome讨厌的 youngster年轻人；gangster歹徒；trickster骗子 birth出生；depth深度；growth生长；breadth宽度；

truth真理；sixth第六 fishery渔业；carpentry木匠业； bravery勇敢；bakery面包坊

bounty慷慨；loyalty忠实；certainty肯定；plenty丰富

departure离开；exposure曝光；expenditure支出； picture画像，相片；disclosure透露；fixture混合物，混合

upward(s)向上；outward(s)向外；

64

-wards 介词后

-ways

-wise 加在名词后 seaward(s)向大海；endways末端而上的； backwards往后退地；lengthways纵长的 (adv．&dgj．)in the clock-wise顺时针；crosswise成十字形；

manner of：as far stepwise逐步的，分段的；lengthwise纵长的

as．．．concerned表方

向，位置

(n．)state，quality，actentry进A；difficulty困难；victory胜利 78 79 -y① 加在形容词

表状态，性质，行为

(n．)小，呢称 doggy小狗儿daddy爸爸；

deary宝贝儿,；fatty胖子

(adj．)full of，covered hairy多毛发的；irony铁似的

with，having the quality

of充满，包含

65 80 81 -y② -y③ 后 加在称呼、形容词后 加在名词后

第五部分 考研英语阅读背景词汇集锦

Unit l 科普类

access time存取时间

anti-virus programs杀毒软件

assembler汇编程序

bar code条形码

beeper传呼机

buffer storage缓冲存储器

call instruction呼叫指令

cellular手机

comsat通讯卫星

cordless telephone无绳电话

cursor光标

cyber crimes网上犯罪

cyberspace电脑空间，网络世界

desktop台式计算机

digital television数字电视

electronic control电子控制

electronic hearing aid电子助听器

encryption加密

fast-forward(放录像带等时的快进) fiber optic technology光纤技术

firewall防火墙

flat panel display平板显示技术

floppy disk软盘

genetic engineering基因工程

hacker黑客

identifier标识符

intelligent system智能系统

intranet内联网

IT-industry信息产业

jumbotran(电视机的)超大屏幕

know-how(技术)诀窍

laser激光

long-distance educational system远程教育系统 microprocessor微处理机

minicomputer小型计算机

66

modem调制解调器

multimedia多媒体

multimedia learning system多媒体学习系统 netsurfed网虫

on-1ine service网上服务

palmtop(：PDA)掌上电脑

password．PIN(：personal identification number)密码 portable便携式计算机

snooper窥探者

software package软件包

solar collector太阳能收集器

terminal终端设备

video camera摄像机

videodisc影碟

workstation计算机工作站

xerox静电复印

Y2k bug千年虫

zip-code邮政编码

Unit 2

active trade balance贸易顺差

adverse trade balance贸易逆差

appropriate拨款

auditor审计员。查帐员

balance sheet资产负债表

bargain减价出售的商品，便宜货

hoard 0f directors董事会

bond债券

bottom line盈亏表

brisk(生意)兴隆

bubble economy泡沫经济

budget预算

business restructuring商业重组

capital资本

cargo manifest货物清单

commodities fair商品展销会

confiscate没收

corporation公司，股份有限公司

counteroffer还价

creditor债权人

customs海关

dealer商人，贩子，证券经纪人

deficit赤字，亏空

deflationary policy紧缩银根政策

demands and supplies供需

经济管理类67

depreciation贬值

depression经济萧条期

divided红利．股利

domestic market国内市场

duty-free免税

economic decline经济衰退

economic fluctuation经济波动

economic recovery经济复苏

economic stability经济稳定

economic strategy经济战略

economist经济学家

enterprise in the red亏损企业

entrepreneur企业家，中间商

executive director常务董事

export．oriented economy外向型经济

fake and poor quality commodities假冒伪劣产品 fierce competition激烈的竞争

fluctuation波动

GDP国内生产总值

GNP(gross national product)国民生产总值

head office总部

human resources人力资源

income tax所得税

inflation通货膨胀

installment分期付款

interest rate利率

investment投资，投资额

invoice#5@p

labor and management劳资双方

labor force劳动力

large scale development of West China大规模妁西部开发levy征(税)

limited liability company有限责任公司

macroeconomics宏观经济学

market-oriented economy市场经济

market research市场调研

merger合并公司

monetary货币的

monopoly垄断

mortgage抵押．抵押货款

most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇

multinational多国经营的，跨国经营的

multinational corporations跨国公司

negotiation谈判；洽谈

68

patent system专利制度

patron老主顾

planned economy计划经济

potential market市场潜力

price hike物价上涨

principal本金

Private enterprise私人企业

Private property私人财产

productivity生产率

productivity revolution生产力革命 profitable赢利的

promotion促销

property tax财产税

public funding公共基金

recession衰退

reckoning结账

retail零售

revenue财政收入，税收

security证券

self-faised funds自筹资金

slack不景气

smuggle走私

social security社会保障(制度)

soft investment environment投资软环境 speculation投机倒把

staff members职员

stagnant(经济)停滞，不发展 stamp duty印花税

statistical统计的

stock现货，股票。公债

stockbroker股票，证券经纪人 stock holder股东；股票持有人 strategic战略的

surplus赢余

tariff(进口)关税

tax break税额优惠

taxpayer纳税人

teller(=cashier)出纳员

trade、^rind贸易风

transaction交易；买卖

trust信托

wholesale批发

Unit 3

accusation控告

政治与法律类69

acquit宣判无罪

amend修正

amnesty特赦

appeal上诉

apprehend拘押，逮捕

arbitration仲裁，调停

armed conflicts武装冲突

attorney律师

authorize授权

autonomous自治的

bilateral talks双边会淡

civil law民法

code法规，法典

confinement关押，禁闭

congressman国会议员

conspiracy阴谋

constitution宪法

consul领事

convict宣判有罪

court法院

court of appeal中级法院

custody拘留

criminal law刑法

decree法令

defendant被告

defender辩护人

defuse缓合，平息

despot独裁者

disarmament解除武装

enforce实施，使生效

established international practice国际惯例federal government联邦政府

hierarchy等级制度

humanitarian aid人道主义援助 illicit非法的

indemnity赔偿

institution制度

intellectual property．right知识产权 interim government过渡政府 joint declaration联合声明

judicial司法的

judiciary司法部

jury陪审团

lawsuit诉讼

70

legal liability法律义务 legislation立法

legislative立法的

legislature立法机构

legitimate合法的

litigant诉讼当事人

litigation诉讼

municipal市政的

offense犯罪

parliament议会

pending未决的

petition请愿

plaintiff(民事)原告

plead申诉，辩护

probation缓刑．察看

public prosecutor检查官 reconciliation和解

repatriate遣返

Representative众议院议员 ruling(法官等)裁定

secretary部长

senate参议院

senator参议员

sovereignty主权

statute成文法

stipulation条文，规定

subpoena传票

suit起诉

suitor(刑事)原告

summit meeting首脑会议峰会 terrorist attack恐怖袭击

terrorist organizations恐怖组织 The Capitol国会大厦

the House of Representative下议院 The Pentagon国防大楼 the Senate上议院

undersecretary次长

usurpation篡夺

verdict(陪审团)裁定

violation违犯

Unit 4

abortion人工流产

acupuncture针刺医疗法

amnesia(医)记忆缺失，遗忘(症) 71 医学与健康类

anatomical解剖学的；解剖的

anesthetic麻醉剂

anti-aging抗衰老

antibiotic抗生素

antibody抗体

antidote解毒药

antitumor drug抗肿瘤药；抗癌药 antiviral抗病毒药

arthritis关节炎

asthma气喘，哮喘

asylum精神病院

bacteria缅菌

biomedical生物医学的

carcinogen致癌物

cell membrane细胞膜

cellular细胞的，由细胞组成的

cellulose纤维素

Centers for Disease Control疾病控制中心 cholera霍乱

cholesterol胆固醇

chromosome染色体

clinical临床的

clone无性繁殖系，克隆

coma昏厥

contagion接触传染

comea角膜

dehydrate(使)脱水

diagnose诊断

diarrhea泻肚

enzyme酶

epidemic流行病

euthanasia安乐死

excretion排泄，排泄物

gene mutation(基因)突变

gene pool基因库

genetic engineering基因工程

genomic染色体的

glucose葡萄糖

healthy Diet Pyramid呈金字塔状的健康饮食heart attack心力衰竭，心脏病发作 heterosexual异性恋的

HIV—positive艾滋病测试阳性

homosexual同性恋的

hormone激素

72

hygiene卫生，卫生学

hypertension高血压

hypnosis催眠术

1CU(Intensive Care Unit)重症监护室 immunize获得免疫力

incidence发病率

inflammation炎症

inoculation接种，预防注射

insane精神病患者的，精神病的 insomnia失眠(症)

latency period潜伏期

leukemia白血病

malaria疟疾

malignant恶性

measles麻疹

medication添加药物，药物治疗 metabolism新陈代谢

mother-to-fetus transmission母婴传播multiply繁殖

mutate变异．突变

nauseate呕吐

neurological神经病学的

obesity过度肥胖，肥大

ointment药膏

organ transplanting器官移植 paralysis瘫痪

physician内科医生

plague鼠疫。瘟疫

potency药力

prescription药方，处方(的药) preventive预防性的

psychiatrist精神病医生

rehabilitation康复，恢复 remedy疗法

removal切除

rheumatoid风湿的；类风湿(性)的 sedative镇静剂

self-medication自我药疗

stroke中风

suspected case疑似病例

surgery外科手术

symptom症状

syndrome综合病症

taint影响，腐化，使感染 73

TCM (traditional Chinese medicine)中医 therapy治疗，疗法

toxicologist毒物学家；毒理学家 vaccine疫苗

vein静脉

l veterinary疾病的，兽医的

1 water soluble vitamins水溶性维生素

Unit 5 生态类

acid rain酸雨

afforestation植树造林

algae梅藻

amphibian两栖类的，两栖动物

balance of nature生态平衡

bio-diversity生物多样性

biosphere生物圈

CFCs氟利昂

decibel分贝

deforestation采伐森林

desertification土地沙漠化

domestic sewage生活污水

ecocide生态灭绝

eco-friendy良好的环境

eco-label生态标志

ecological condition生态环境

ecologist生态学家

ecology生态学．对环境的科学研究 ecosystem生态系，生态系统

eco-tourist生态旅游；生态旅游业 effluent流出物，排除物

environmentalist环境工作者；环境问题专家 fauna动物群

flora植物群

fumes有毒的废气

global warming全球变暖

green groups绿色环保组织

greenhouse effect温室效应

infrared radiation红外线辐射

mammal哺乳动物

noxious有毒的

nucleic acid(生物)核酸

ozone hole臭氧洞

ozone layer臭氧层

photosynthesis光合作用

plankton(总称)浮游动物

74

p0Ilufion index污染指数 polymer聚合物

refuse垃圾、废物

sewage污水

sewage disposal污水处理 sewage plant污水处理厂 sewage purification污水净化 soil pollution土壤污染

solid waste固体垃圾

stratosphere同温层

ultraviolet radiation紫外线辐射 wipe out a species物种灭绝

Unit 6

audience rating收视率；收听率 bill海报

billboard告示牌，广告牌 braille盲字，点字法

brochure小册子

bulletin公告；简明新闻 carry刊登

cast演员表

censorship审查

circular供传阅的函件或通知 closed-circuit TV闭路电视 column专栏

condensation缩写本

coverage新闻报道

disseminate传播

documentary新闻片

feature新闻特写

free-lance writer自由撰稿人 headline新闻标题

highlights and sidelights要闻与花絮 illustration插图

infringement侵犯

journal刊物

leaflet传单

live现场直播

neon霓虹灯广告

on location现场拍摄 pictorial画报

poster标语牌，布告

practitioner开业者，从业者 press新闻界

大众传媒类75

projector放映机

propagate宣传

publication出版

publishing house出版社

re1ay转播

royalty稿费，版税

shot拍摄

studio摄影棚

subscribe订阅人

western西部电影

Unit 7

aeronautics航空学，航空术

alien外星人

astrology占星学

astronomer天文学家

atmospheric大气的，空气的

aviation航空，航空学，航空工业 celestial天的，天体的

celestial sphere天球

cluster星团

cold front冷锋

comet彗星

constellation星座

cosmic radiation宇宙辐射

cosmic rays宇宙射线

cosmology字宙学

drifting plates漂流版块

dune沙丘

elipse (日，月)食

equator (地球)赤道

glacier冰河

hurricane飓风

inflationary universe theory宇宙膨胀理论 inter-planetary communication星际交通 Jupiter木星

latitude纬度

launch发射

launch pad发射台

longitude经度

lunar月球的

lunar eclipse月蚀

Mars火星

Mercury水星

meteor流星

天文地理类76

meteorolite陨石

meteor shower流星雨

monsoon季风

multistage rocket多级火箭

Neptune海王星

orbit环绕(天体的)轨道运行

peninsula半岛

phase月相

planet行星

planetary行星的

planetoid小行星

plateau高原

Pluto冥王星

radiating辐射的

reef暗礁

satellite卫星

solar corona日冕

solar prominence日珥

solar radiation宇宙辐射

solar system太阳系

space exploration外层空间探索 space shuttle航天飞机

space suit宇航服，航天服

stellar星球的

Tropic of Cancer／Capricorn北/南回归线 Uranus天王星

Venus金星

Volcanic火山的

Watchdog管理人员

Unit 8

abstract painting抽象画

art decor艺术装饰

baton指挥棒

break dance霹雳舞

0elb大提琴

chant吟唱

chord合唱，合唱曲

composer作曲者，作曲家

concerto协奏曲

conductor指挥

conservatory音乐学校

flute长笛

folk music民间音乐

gong锣

艺术类77

harmonica口鬈

harp竖琴

horn号

impressionism印象派 instrument(精密)乐器 lyric歌词

melody旋律，曲调

musical音乐喜剧

musical notation乐谱 orchestra管弦乐队

overture前奏曲

pipe organ管风琴

playwright剧作家

prelude序曲

premiere首演

producer演出者

properties舞台道具

rap music快板音乐，快板歌 recital独奏会．独唱会

refrain(歌曲中的)叠歌，副歌 rehearsal排演

Renaissance文艺复兴 reproduction复制

saxophone萨克斯管

scale音阶

score总谱；(总谱中的)乐曲 sculpture雕刻，雕塑 sonata奏鸣曲

symphony交响乐，交响曲

synthesizer合成器，音响合成器 tempo节奏

theatricals戏剧

trumpet喇叭

whistle口哨

wind管乐器

Allah真主，安拉

altar圣坛，祭坛

apartheid南非的种族隔离 apostle信徒

atheist无神论者

Catholic天主教徒

Catholicism天主教

Christianity基督教

U11it 9 宗教类78

convert改变信仰；皈依

cult疯狂地崇拜，膜拜

deity(=god)神

fast斋戒；禁食

gospel福音

heresy异端邪说

hierarchy阶层，等级

incarnate化身

Judaism犹太教

koran可兰经

minister牧师

missionary传教士

pagan异教徒的，无宗教信仰的

pious虔诚的

pope教皇，罗马主教

preach布道，说教

preacher传道士，牧师

Protestant新教徒

resurrection(耶稣)复活

scripture经文，圣典

service礼拜式

superstition迷信

taboo禁忌

Unit 10 体育运动类

a11-round champion全能冠军

backhand(网球等运动中)反手的

backstroke仰泳

balk line起跳线

baton接力棒

bid申办

bodybuilding健美运动

bowler投球手

breaststroke蛙泳

butterfly蝶泳

cheering-section啦啦队

chief referee裁判长

closing ceremony闭幕式

COC(Chinese Olympic Committee)中国奥委会 court(篮球、网球等的)场

cross-country race越野赛

draw平局

dunk扣篮

finals决赛

floor exercise自由体操

79

foul犯规

freestyle自由泳

Green Olympics绿色奥运

gym(nasium)体育馆，健身房

Hi-tech Olympics科技奥运

host主办

host country东道国

in good form竞技状态好

invitational tournament邀请赛

IOC(International Olympic Committee)国际奥委会

Jump the gun抢跑

marathon马拉松赛跑

natatorium游泳馆

OCOG(Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games)奥运会组委会on your marks各就各位

opening ceremony开幕式

penalty kick点球

physical culture and sports体育运动

playing pool水球场

racket网球拍

rally连续对打

rebound篮板球

referee`s crease裁判区

runner-up亚军

seeded team种子队

shot发球

smash扣球

spectator观众

sports circle体育界

sportsmanship体育道德

State Sports General Administration国家体育总局

substitute替补

synchronized swimming花样游泳

the People`s Olympic人文奥运

track and field田径

water polo水球

Unit 11 食品类

additive添加剂

amino add氨基酸

appetizer开胃食品

barbecue烧烤

bed curries牛肉咖喱

beef steak牛排；鱼排

beverage饮料

80

broccoli西兰花

buffet(meal)自助餐

butter黄油

carbohydrate糖类

cauliflower菜花

convenience food方便食品 diet日常饮食

fortified wine加了酒精的葡萄酒 French fries法式炸薯条

fructose果糖

glucose葡萄糖

green foodstuff绿色食品

ground beef绞牛肉；牛肉酱 health food保健食品

ketchup调味番茄酱

!can meat瘦肉

lettuce生菜

malnourished营养不良

maltose麦牙糖

nutrition营养(成分)

oatmeal燕麦片

onion洋葱

pasta意大利通心粉

pasta dinner意大利面食

pastry面点心

pepsi百事可乐

protein蛋白质

recipe食谱；配方

seaweed海藻

soft drink不含酒精的饮料 spice调味品

sprite雪碧

starch淀粉

vegetable curry and rice蔬菜咖喱烩饭 vegetarian素食主义者

vitamin维生素

yeast酵母

yogurt酸奶

Unit 12

accommodations膳宿

baby boom生育高峰

census人口普查

charitable仁慈的，为慈善事业的 civilized文明的，有礼的

其他社会生活类81

commit suicide自杀 community社会

divorce离婚

drug abuse滥用毒品 hospitality好客

household家庭的

infrastructure基础设施 metropolitan大城市的 psychological心理学的 questionnaire问卷调查 religious宗教的

social change社会变革．

social interrelationship社会关系social status社会地位

82