幼儿园管理系统开题报告和英文翻译

指导文件5：

毕业设计（论文）开题报告

    计算机科学与信息工程    系（院）  届

题  目（中文）幼儿园管理系统                           

（英文）Kindergarten Management System 

课题类型  软件设计         课题来源  自选    

学生姓名             专业班级  

指导教师               职    称             

填写日期：    2008  年  04 月 09  日

说明：1、该表每生一份，系（院）妥善存档；

2、课题来源填：“自选”或“教师指定”或“其它”，课题类型填：“理论研究”或“应用研究”或“技术开发”或“实验设计”或“其它”。

附件：

毕业设计（论文）外文参考文献翻译

  计算机科学与信息工程     系（院）20 06届

题  目（中文）幼儿园管理系统  

（英文）Kindergarten Management System   

学生姓名     专业班    

   完成日期：    2008  年 04  月  09日

目    录

一、Delphi的介绍

二、数据库、数据库管理系统与信息管理系统简介

三、幼儿园管理系统概述

四、参考文献

（本页及以下为文献翻译正文，外文文献可1-3篇，译文应大于5000汉字以上。每篇外文参考文献原文后排列其对应译文。正文编排页码，装订时连同其封面、目录一起装订。正文字体、字号自定。）

1.Delphi Introduction

The company launched by Borland Delphi is a new visual programming environment, we provide a convenient, fast Windows applications development tools. It uses Microsoft Windows graphical user interface of many advanced features and design ideas, using a flexible reusable integrity of the object-oriented programming languages (Object-Oriented Language), the world's fastest editor, most leading database technology. For all the developers speaking, the use of Delphi software development and application, will no doubt greatly enhance the efficiency of programming, and along with the in-depth application, you will find the programming work is no longer dull - every Delphi detailed design, will bring you a joy.
    Borland Delphi is the company developed a new generation of visual development tools, can be Windows3.x, Windows95, WindowsNT, and other environments. At present, DELPHI can LINUX platform for the development and application, in the corresponding products LINUX Kylix.
    DELPHI have a visual integrated development environment (IDE), the object-oriented programming language based on components ObjectPascal and Development Framework. Delphi It provides more than 500 the availability of components, use of these components, developers can quickly construct applications. Developers can modify according to their own needs Delphi parts or to prepare their own parts. Key features are as follows:
(1) direct compiler generating executable code, the compiler speed. Because Delphi compiler compiler using the conditions and options link technology, the use of the implementation of documents it produces more refined, faster. In the processing speed and access to the servers, Delphi's performance is much higher than other similar products.
(2) support for access to the rules of the respective clients or servers with two programmes, but also allows developers to build a simple set of parts or components, from the packaging all the rules, and independent of the servers and clients, all Data transfer through these parts to complete. This has been greatly reduced at the request of the server on the network and data transmission, improving the speed of processing the application.
(3) offers a number of quick and easy method development, allowing developers to use the lowest possible number of repetitive work to complete a variety of applications. Use of project templates and experts generator can quickly establish the framework of the project, according to the actual needs of users was gradually improved.
(4) a reusable, and scalability. Developers no longer such as labels, buttons and dialog components such as the common Windows programming. Delphi may contain many reusable components, allows users to control the development of Windows effect.
(5) has powerful data access function. Its data processing tools BDE (BorlandDatabaseEngine) is a standard middleware layer can be used to deal with the current popular data formats, such as xBase, Paradox, but also by the BDE SQLLink directly with Sybase, SQLServer, Informix, Oracle, and other large Database Connection. Delphi can be used to develop system software and application software suitable for the development.
(6) The ability to develop a strong network to the rapid development of B / S applications, and its built-in IntraWeb ExpressWeb makes the development of the network efficiency more than any other development tools.
(7) use of the unique Delphi VCL class library, making the procedure is the preparation of a coherent clear, VCL now is the best class library, it makes Delphi in the software development industry in an absolute leading position. Users can accordance with their own needs, arbitrary construct, expand, or even the deletion of VCL to meet different needs.
(8) From the beginning Delphi8 Delphi also supported. Net framework of the development process.
    At present DELPHI has become a brand, not just a development platform or the name of the development of language. DELPHI product from the current CodeGear companies to continue to develop BORLAND the company is a wholly owned subsidiary of the company. At present, CodeGear provide for the general development of the DELPHI FOR PHP, in a highly visual manner fully supports object-oriented PHP Web development has greatly enhanced the development site PHP code reuse of a new WEB application development tool.
    In order to facilitate the development of database applications, in Delphi Integrated Development Environment, with a lot of database tools to help application developers design, programming, testing and distribution of database applications. All of these tools pose a Delphi database application development environment. Its various software tools and their inter-relationship.
    Delphi entire database application development environment from a database engine (BDE), the database engine management procedures (BDE Ad-ministrator), the desktop database (DataBase Desktop), SQL browser (SQL Explorere), SQL driver (SQL Links) and ODBC Driver and so on.
   Delphi database engine is the core of database development environment, from the two types of dynamic link library components: to provide a core service and the other for connecting to local or network database. All of these files are installed in the System operating system and user specified by the driver \ Programe Files \ Common Files \ Borland \ Bde \ directory. Database engine is the main function of the database application and the physical separation of the database, the database engine adopted by the alias database (Database Aliases) to identify a local or remote database applications only need this database can be transparent alias of database for a visit.
   Database engine management procedures (B DE Administrator) mainly for the local Paradox, dBASE data tables and remote SQL database to create tables, indexes to create, query, access and editing operation.
   SQL browser can be passed on the local or remote SQL database query operation all.
   SQL driver (SQL Links) is a company Inprise Delphi client / server versions of the remote database access drivers, ODBC Microsoft in the Windows 95/98 or NT operating system to provide database access drivers.

由Borland公司推出的Delphi是全新的可视化编程环境，为我们提供了一种方便、快捷的Windows应用程序开发工具。它使用了Microsoft Windows图形用户界面的许多先进特性和设计思想，采用了弹性可重复利用的完整的面向对象程序语言(Object-Oriented Language)、当今世界上最快的编辑器、最为领先的数据库技术。对于广大的程序开发人员来讲，使用Delphi开发应用软件，无疑会大大地提高编程效率，而且随着应用的深入，您将会发现编程不再是枯燥无味的工作——Delphi的每一个设计细节，都将带给您一份欣喜。

Delphi是Borland公司研制的新一代可视化开发工具，可在Windows3.x、Windows95、WindowsNT等环境下使用。当前，DELPHI 也可以为LINUX平台上开发应用，其在LINUX上的对应产品Kylix。

DELPHI 拥有一个可视化的集成开发环境(IDE)，采用面向对象的编程语言ObjectPascal和基于部件的开发结构框架。Delphi它提供了500多个可供使用的构件，利用这些部件，开发人员可以快速地构造出应用系统。开发人员也可以根据自己的需要修改部件或用Delphi本身编写自己的部件。主要特点如下：

(1)直接编译生成可执行代码，编译速度快。由于Delphi编译器采用了条件编译和选择链接技术，使用它生成的执行文件更加精炼，运行速度更快。在处理速度和存取服务器方面，Delphi的性能远远高于其他同类产品。

(2)支持将存取规则分别交给客户机或服务器处理的两种方案，而且允许开发人员建立一个简单的部件或部件集合，封装起所有的规则，并独立于服务器和客户机，所有的数据转移通过这些部件来完成。这样，大大减少了对服务器的请求和网络上的数据传输量，提高了应用处理的速度。

(3)提供了许多快速方便的开发方法，使开发人员能用尽可能少的重复性工作完成各种不同的应用。利用项目模板和专家生成器可以很快建立项目的构架，然后根据用户的实际需要逐步完善。

(4)具有可重用性和可扩展性。开发人员不必再对诸如标签、按钮及对话框等Windows的常见部件进行编程。Delphi包含许多可以重复使用的部件，允许用户控制Windows的开发效果。

(5)具有强大的数据存取功能。它的数据处理工具BDE(BorlandDatabaseEngine)是一个标准的中介软件层，可以用来处理当前流行的数据格式，如xBase、Paradox等，也可以通过BDE的SQLLink直接与Sybase、SQLServer、Informix、Oracle等大型数据库连接。 Delphi既可用于开发系统软件，也适合于应用软件的开发。

(6)拥有强大的网络开发能力，能够快速的开发B/S应用，它内置的IntraWeb和ExpressWeb使得对于网络的开发效率超过了其他任何的开发工具。

(7)Delphi使用独特的VCL类库，使得编写出的程序显得条理清晰，VCL是现在最优秀的类库，它使得Delphi在软件开发行业处于一个绝对领先的地位。用户可以按自己的需要，任意的构建、扩充、甚至是删减VCL，以满足不同的需要。

(8)从Delphi8开始Delphi也支持.Net框架下程序开发。

当前DELPHI 已经成为一个品牌，而不仅仅是一个开发平台或开发语言的名称。 当前DELPHI产品已经由CodeGear公司继续发展，该公司是BORLAND公司的全资子公司。当前，CodeGear为广大开发者提供了DELPHI FOR PHP，以高度可视化的方式全面支持面向对象的PHP 网站开发，大大提高了PHP开发网站的代码复用程度，成为WEB应用开发的新利器。

   为了便于开发数据库应用程序，在Delphi集成开发环境中，提供了大量的数据库工具软件用于帮助应用程序开发人员设计、编程、测试和发行数据库应用程序。所有这些工具构成了Delphi数据库应用程序开发环境。其各个工具软件及其相互间的关系。

　 整个Delphi数据库应用程序开发环境由数据库引擎(BDE)、数据库引擎管理程序(BDE Ad—ministrator)、数据库桌面(DataBase Desktop)、SQL浏览器(SQL Explorere)、SQL驱动程序(SQL Links)和ODBC驱动程序等组成。

数据库引擎是Delphi数据库开发环境的核心，它由两种类型的动态链接库组成：一种用于提供核心服务，另一种用于连接本地或网络数据库。所有这些文件被安装在操作系统的System和用户所指定驱动器\Programe Files\Common Files\Borland\Bde\目录下。数据库引擎的主要 功能是将数据库应用程序和物理的数据库分隔开来，在数据库引擎中通过数据库别名(Database Aliases)来标识本地或远程的数据库，数据库应用程序仅需要此数据库别名就可以透明地对数据库进行访问。

数据库引擎管理程序(B DE Administrator)主要用于对本地的Paradox、dBASE数据表和远程的SQL数据库进行创建表、创建索引、查询、存取和编辑等操作。

　　通过SQL浏览器可以对本地或远程的数据库进行各种SQL查询操作。

　　SQL驱动程序(SQL Links)是Inprise公司在Delphi客户/服务器版本中提供的远程数据库的访问驱动程序，ODBC是微软公司在Windows 95/98或NT操作系统提供数据库访问驱动程序。

2.Database management system and information management system Introduction

The database is stored together a collection of the relevant data, the data is structured, non-harmful or unnecessary redundancy, and for a variety of application services, data storage independent of the use of its procedures; insert new data on the database , revised, and the original data can be retrieved by a common and can be controlled manner. When a system in the structure of a number of entirely separate from the database, the system includes a "database collection."
     Database management system (database management system) is a manipulation and large-scale database management software is being used to set up, use and maintenance of the database, or dbms. Its unified database management and control so as to ensure database security and integrity. Dbms users access data in the database, the database administrator through dbms database maintenance work. It provides a variety of functions, allows multiple applications and users use different methods at the same time or different time to build, modify, and asked whether the database. It allows users to easily manipulate data definition and maintenance of data security and integrity, as well as the multi-user concurrency control and the restoration of the database.
     Using the database can bring many benefits: such as reducing data redundancy, thus saving the data storage space; to achieve full sharing of data resources, and so on. In addition, the database technology also provides users with a very simple means to enable users to easily use the preparation of the database applications. Especially in recent years introduced micro-computer relational database management system dBASELL, intuitive operation, the use of flexible, convenient programming environment to extensive (generally 16 machine, such as IBM / PC / XT, China Great Wall 0520, and other species can run software), data-processing capacity strong. Database in our country are being more and more widely used, will be a powerful tool of economic management.
     The database is through the database management system (DBMS-DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM) software for data storage, management and use of dBASELL is a database management system software.
     Information management system is the use of data acquisition and transmission technology, computer network technology, database construction, multimedia technology, business needs, such as the establishment of a management platform, the platform constructed on the basis of pure software business management system (to meet the business needs for the purpose), achieving operational systems of data and information sharing, and based on this structure enquiries, scheduling  or decision-making system.
     Information system can be manual or computer-based, independent or integrated, batch or on-line. The information system is usually the various types of combination. That is, of course, it can not be independent and is integrated. 
     1. Independent system to meet a specific application areas (eg, personnel management) design. Independent system with its own documents, which are inevitable with a certain degree of redundancy. 
     2. Integrated information systems through their use of the data were combined. Resource sharing system using a database to achieve integrated objectives. For example, the normal wage system requirements from the human resources and accounting systems found in the data. 
     3. Artificial system has been developed based on a variety of computer information systems. So far, in a computerized artificial, and still lacks design experience (or) lack of information between users and service personnel exchanges. That is to say, computer-based workflow system directly from the manual system workflow. Often, these systems are independent, and the computer just as a data processor. In the design of these systems, with little regard to their integrated to the end of intent.
     4. Information systems according to a batch, on-line processing or both combination classification. In a batch system, and data will be handled in batches or reports. For example, banks will be a large number of cheque code, and then the end of the day, in batches of cheques, sorting and processing. Also, in order to prevent an airline ticket Talas in Atlanta and another at the same time point of sale outlets from Los Angeles to San Francisco, the last one a flight tickets, airlines must be on-line booking system, in order to reflect the current status of the database. Most on-line information system is successful batch requirements.  even if the information resources management (IRM) system, and the potential of the computer information system has been widely recognized, most of the systems is still independent batch system. Now most of these systems have lost value, but was re-designed as an integrated, online system. By definition, we can see the comprehensive requirements of business managers and company leaders closer cooperation. Information services professionals as consultants, and the integrated information system and business areas of conflict and differences should be resolved by the user groups. Resolve these differences in order to achieve a comprehensive environmental information services staff to the challenges posed by the user manager.

数据库是存储在一起的相关数据的集合，这些数据是结构化的，无有害的或不必要的冗余，并为多种应用服务；数据的存储独立于使用它的程序；对数据库插入新数据，修改和检索原有数据均能按一种公用的和可控制的方式进行。当某个系统中存在结构上完全分开的若干个数据库时，则该系统包含一个“数据库集合”。

    数据库管理系统(database management system)是一种操纵和管理数据库的大型软件，是用于建立、使用和维护数据库，简称dbms。它对数据库进行统一的管理和控制，以保证数据库的安全性和完整性。用户通过dbms访问数据库中的数据，数据库管理员也通过dbms进行数据库的维护工作。它提供多种功能，可使多个应用程序和用户用不同的方法在同时或不同时刻去建立，修改和询问数据库。它使用户能方便地定义和操纵数据，维护数据的安全性和完整性，以及进行多用户下的并发控制和恢复数据库。

    使用数据库可以带来许多好处：如减少了数据的冗余度，从而大大地节省了数据的存储空间；实现数据资源的充分共享等等。此外，数据库技术还为用户提供了非常简便的使用手段使用户易于编写有关数据库应用程序。特别是近年来推出的微型计算机关系数据库管理系统dBASELL，操作直观，使用灵活，编程方便，环境适应广泛(一般的十六位机，如IBM/PC/XT，国产长城0520等均可运行种软件)，数据处理能力极强。数据库在我国正得到愈来愈广泛的应用，必将成为经济管理的有力工具。

    数据库是通过数据库管理系统(DBMS-DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM)软件来实现数据的存储、管理与使用的dBASELL就是一种数据库管理系统软件。 

信息管理系统是利用数据采集与传输技术、计算机网络技术、数据库建设、多媒体技术、业务需求等建立一个管理平台，在平台的基础上构建的纯软件业务管理系统（以满足业务需求为目的），实现各业务系统之间的数据和信息共享，并在此基础上搭建查询、调度或者辅助决策系统。

    信息系统可以是人工的或基于计算机的，独立的或综合的，成批处理的或联机的。通常的信息系统是上述各种类型的组合。当然它不能即是独立的又是综合的。

    1.独立的系统是为了满足某个特定的应用领域(如，人事管理)而设计的。独立系统有它自己的文件，这些文件必然带有一定的冗余性。

    2.综合的信息系统通过它们使用的数据而被综合在一起。系统利用一个资源共享的数据库来达到综合的目的。例如，工资系统要求正常地从人力资源系统和会计系统中找到数据。 

    3.以人工系统为基础已经开发出各种各样的计算机信息系统。到目前为止，在进行人工计算机化时，仍然缺乏设计经验和(或)缺少信息服务人员与用户之间的交流。也就是说，基于计算机的系统的工作流程直接借鉴了人工系统的工作流程。通常这些系统是独立的，而且把计算机仅仅用作为数据处理机。在设计这些系统时，很少考虑到最终要将它们综合的意图。

    4.信息系统也能按成批处理、联机处理或二者组合来分类。在成批处理系统中，将事务和数据分批地处理或产生报表。例如，银行将大量的支票编码，然后在一天结束时，将所在支票分批、排序并进行处理。又如，为了防止航空公司在塔拉斯一个售票点与在亚特兰大的另一个售票点同时出售从洛杉矶到旧金山的某一航班的最后一张机票，航空公司系统订票必须是联机的，以反映数据库当前的状态。多数联机信息系统也有成批处理的要求。  即使出现了信息资源管理(IRM)系统，而且计算机信息系统的潜力得到了广泛的承认之后，大多数系统仍然是独立的成批处理系统。如今这些系统中多数已经失去了使用价值，而且被重新设计成综合的、联机的系统。通过定义可知，综合要求业务领域经理和公司领导密切地合作。信息服务专业人员可以作为顾问，而有关综合信息系统与业务领域的冲突和差异则应该由用户团体来解决。解决这些差异以真正实现综合的环境是信息服务人员向用户经理提出的挑战。

3.Kindergarten management system outlined

Along with the economic development and social progress, the computer more depth to our day-to-day work of learning and life, in our daily lives become indispensable tools. With the continuous improvement of science and technology, computer science is reaching maturity and its powerful function for people to a profound understanding, it has entered the human society in various fields and is playing an increasingly important role. It has depth to the daily work and life in all aspects, such as word processing, information management, aided design, graphics, image processing, education and training as well as games and entertainment. Business people need to go through special training will be able to use computers to finish the work of many complex. However, although it is now the world is full of Cheruniumao various software, but they still can not meet the special needs of the various users, it also had to develop their own special needs of the software. Before the development of Windows applications software is the work of professionals, the need to have expertise and the many special training can perform. Now it's different, even if you have not received rigorous training program design, the use of Delphi also like to develop a powerful, suited to their special needs of the application procedure.
    Information systems is that we often say that the MIS (Management Information System), in the emphasis on management, information that the change in modern society it is more and more popular. And information management systems and enterprise automation equipment to light, it is today's social trends in the development of a modern enterprise. Such management, business management, technical staff, statisticians, and other departmental staff can be cumbersome from a large number of information and data to sift through only on their own needs, data and the content must be dealt with, and not for each knows all sessions. To some extent, this can save manpower and resources, but also greatly enhance the processing of the data on the timeliness and accuracy.
     Kindergarten management system is a typical management information system (MIS), is a practical C / S structure standalone version of kindergarten management system. Its development background includes the establishment and maintenance of database and front-end application development aspects. With regard to the former requirement strong data consistency and integrity, data security and good. As for the latter, I design applications fully functional, easy to use and solve artificial records, statistics, achieve rapid retrieval find convenient, data entry, data updates.
     Kindergarten Kindergarten management system is an essential part of its content for kindergarten, policy makers and managers are of the utmost importance, so kindergarten Management System users should be able to provide adequate information and efficient means of enquiries. But it has been since the use of traditional artificial management of paper files, such management methods, there are many drawbacks, such as: low efficiency, confidentiality of the poor, and over time, will produce a large number of documents and data, as this find, update and maintain had brought about many difficulties. As part of the computer application, the use of computers to student information management, a management manual incomparable advantages such as: rapid retrieval find convenient, high reliability, storage, security and good, long life and low cost. These advantages can greatly improve efficiency in the management of nurseries, kindergartens is the scientific and standardized management, and an important condition for the world community.
    This article introduced in the next Delpphi environment using "top-down and the overall planning, bottom-up approach to application development" strategy to develop a management information system process. Create an effective set of computer management kindergarten programmes. This paper introduces the kindergarten management system analysis, including feasibility analysis, business process analysis, system design on some of the major functions of the system design and database design and code design; part of the system to achieve a few main modules algorithm, the system friendly interface, simple operation, more practical.

随着经济的发展，社会的进步，计算机越来越深入到我们日常的工作学习及生活中，成为我们日常生活中不可缺少的辅助工具。 随着科学技术的不断提高,计算机科学日渐成熟,其强大的功能已为人们深刻认识,它已进入人类社会的各个领域并发挥着越来越重要的作用。它已经深入到日常工作和生活的方方面面，比如文字处理、信息管理、辅助设计、图形图像处理、教育培训以及游戏娱乐等。各行各业的人们无须经过特别的训练就能够使用电脑完成许许多多复杂的工作。然而，虽然现在世界上已经充满了多如牛毛的各种软件，但它们依然不能满足用户的各种特殊需要，人们还不得不开发适合自己特殊需求的软件。以前开发Windows应用软件是专业人员的工作，需要掌握许多专业知识和经过特殊的培训才能胜任。现在不同了，即使你没有接受过严格的程序设计训练，使用Delphi也一样能够开发出功能强大、适合自己特殊需求的应用程序了。

   信息系统就是我们常说的MIS (Management Information System)，在强调管理，强调信息的现代社会中它变的越来越普及。而将信息管理系统与企业自动化设备想结合，则是当今社会现代企业的发展趋势。通过这样的管理方式，企业的管理人员、技术人员、统计人员等各部门员工就能从大量烦琐的资料和数据中解脱出来，只需对自己需要的数据和内容进行必须的处理，而不用对每个环节都了如指掌。这在一定程度上能够节省人力物力，同时也大大加强了对数据处理的及时性和准确性。

    幼儿园管理系统是典型的信息管理系统(MIS),是一个实用的C/S结构单机版幼儿园管理系统。其开发主要包括后台数据库的建立和维护以及前端应用程序的开发两个方面。对于前者要求数据一致性和完整性强,数据安全性好。而对于后者我设计应用程序功能完备、易使用、解决人工记录、统计、实现检索迅速、查找方便、数据输入、数据更新等。

    幼儿园管理系统是幼儿园不可缺少的部分,它的内容对于幼儿园的决策者和管理者来说都至关重要,所以幼儿园管理系统应该能够为用户提供充足的信息和快捷的查询手段。但一直以来人们使用传统人工的方式管理文件档案，这种管理方式存在着许多缺点,如:效率低、保密性差,另外时间一长,将产生大量的文件和数据,这对于查找、更新和维护都带来了不少的困难。作为计算机应用的一部分,使用计算机对学生信息进行管理,具有手工管理所无法比拟的优点.例如:检索迅速、查找方便、可靠性高、存储量大、保密性好、寿命长、成本低等。这些优点能够极大地提高幼儿园管理的效率,也是幼儿园的科学化、正规化管理,与世界接轨的重要条件。

   本文章接下来介绍了在Delpphi环境下采用“自上而下地总体规划，自下而上地应用开发”的策略开发一个管理信息系统的过程。创建了一套行之有效的计算机管理幼儿园的方案。文章介绍了幼儿园管理系统的系统分析部分，包括可行性分析、业务流程分析等；系统设计部分主要介绍了系统功能设计和数据库设计及代码设计；系统实现部分说明了几个主要模块的算法，系统界面友好，操作简单，比较实用。

4.References

[1] Covaleski , M. A. , Evans III , J . H. , Luft , J . L. . 2003. Budgeting Research : Three Theoretical Perspectives and Criteria for Selective Integration[J]. Journal of Management Accounting Research Vol. 15 pp. 3～49

[2] Hansen , S. C. , Otley , D. T. , Van der Stede , W. A. . 2003. Practice Developments in Budgeting : An Overview and Research Perspective[J]. Journal of Management Accounting Research Vol. 15. pp. 95～116

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