英文报告

商务报告是指针对某种特殊的、有意义的商务目的，向一个人或多个人提供的公正、客观和有计划的事实陈述。报告中所陈述的事实必须与事件、条件、质量、进展、结果、问题或提议的解决方案有关，帮助当事人了解复杂的商业情况，计划进程，解决问题，使上级领导就一系列事件做出决策。

商务英语报告则是以英语语言撰写的商务报告。按种类划分，常见的有：事件调查报告（Investigative Reports）、意见调查报告（Survey Reports）、周报告（Weekly Reports）、月度报告（Monthly Reports）、进展报告（Progress Reports）、市场调查报告（Market Research Reports）、可行性研究报告（Feasibility Reports）等。尽管这些报告都有自身的特点，但它们都遵循商务英语报告总体写作原则。

今天我们先来看一下商务英语报告写作的总体原则：

在撰写商务英语报告时，应确保报告内容准确无误（Accurate）、简明扼要（Brief），结构清晰（Clear），建议明确果断（Decisive），故简称ABCD原则。具体内容如下： ? 内容准确无误：报告的正确性不仅仅是指英语语法、标点符号和拼写，更重要的是其内容要叙述的正确。报告的事实陈述部分既不能因哗众取宠而夸大其词，也不能因其涉及的令人不愉快的消息而低调陈述。实事求是、准确无误是报告写作的重要原则。

? 内容简明扼要：报告的长短一般取决于报告的内容及其正式程度。正式报告篇幅一般较长，而非正式报告则较短。不论何种报告，报告的语言必须简洁、流畅，切忌陈词滥调。一份拖沓冗长的报告不仅写时费力，对方阅读更浪费时间。撰写商务英语报告时要尽量避免罗嗦，用尽可能较少的文字，完整、清楚地表达需要表达的意。

? 结构清晰明了：用数字、符号标明段落、层次、要点等，加强逻辑性，使读者一目了然。 5

? 建议明确果断：多数报告都有结论和建议部分，是报告的核心。撰写时，应确保报告的结论和建议是经过充分论证而得出的，而且应明确果断，切忌模棱两可。

在撰写报告之前，应做好充分的准备。因此，撰写者不妨应先回答以下几个问题： ? 报告的目的：为什么写这份报告？

? 报告的读者：谁是报告的读者？他（们）知道什么信息？他（们）需要什么信息？ ? 报告的素材：撰写这份报告需要收集哪些信息？到哪里去收集这些信息？

? 报告的结构：如何构思报告？如何做到报告结构清晰，便于读者阅读？是否需要自己设计报告的格式还是公司有现成的格式可以参照？

? 报告的写作期限：报告何时须上交？

回答完以上问题后，可以按照以下四个步骤进行运作：

1. 收集信息（Collecting Information）：收集信息可以采取口头或书面形式。口头形式包括面对面沟通或电话沟通获取信息等；书面形式指的是用办公室便函（Memos）、电子邮件（Emails）、问卷调查（Questionnaires）等手段向公司内部或外部索取信息。此外，查阅公司的相关材料（如产品目录、价格单等）也属于书面收集信息形式。

2. 谋篇布局（Planning the structure）：确定报告写作的目的，对收集到的信息进行整理、分类，删除无关信息。然后按照信息的重要程度进行合理排列，列成提纲。若需要摆放插图或图表，也应在这一阶段确定其在报告中的位置。

3. 撰写草稿（Writing the draft）：撰写报告的各个部分。

4. 校对编辑（Proofreading and editing）：校对编辑报告写作的最后一个过程也是极其重要的一个过程，很遗憾这一过程往往被人忽视。撰写人写完草稿后应对报告进行全面检查，检查的具体内容包括两方面：一是语言，包括语法、拼写、标点符号、语言风格等；二是信息，包括数据、图表、观点等。检查后，应对报告进行编辑，尽量做到报告便于读者阅读。

摘要

1.写作攻略

摘要是对原始文献（或文章）的基本内容进行浓缩并写成语义连贯的短文。它以迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的，不需加入任何主观评论和解释，但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容。摘要写作要求简明扼要，用词准确。摘要题型写作是难度非常大的一种写作形式。随着考生英语水平的不断提高，这种题型引起考生的普遍重视。写作摘要时应该注意以下几点：

（1）动笔之前，考生一定要认真仔细地阅读所给原文，力求抓住其大意，掌握原文要点。如果一遍不能明白，可以多读几次，读的次数越多越容易明白文章大意。

（2）摘要的长度不应超过原文的三分之一，一般是原文的四分之一或五分之一，考试时应遵守规定的字数限制。

（3）在做摘要时考生切忌照搬原文，应该用自己的语言来写。一篇摘要应该是语言的再创造，而不是原文词语的简单堆砌。

（4）摘要应与原文的观点保持一致，为了使摘要条理清晰，无特殊情况应按原文的逻辑顺序排列。

（5）摘要要做到内容完整，没有大的遗漏，使读者无需查看原文就能够获得原文的主要内容。应重点反映主要观点，删除细节。

（6）削除例子，简化描述。用简短的语句代替冗长的语句。

（7）检查与修改时，考生应重点检查是否遗漏了原文的要点或包含了细节。

另外，写摘要时应该使用简单的衔接词，如but，then，thus，yet，for等等，而不能使用at the same time，on the other hand 等。

2.必背模版句型

This paper mainly deals with??

这篇论文主要是写??

This article focuses on the topics of （that，having，etc）??

这篇文章的强调的主题是??

This essay presents knowledge that??

这篇短文主要是讲关于??的知识。

This thesis discusses/analyzes??

这篇论文讨论/分析了??

This paper provides an overview of??

这篇文章综述了??

This article compares??and summarizes key findings.

这篇文章比较了??并总结了主要的发现。

This paper presents up-to-date information on??

这篇论文介绍了关于??的最新信息。

This article not only describes??but also suggests??

这篇文章不仅描述了??而且建议??

This paper provides a method of ??

这篇为??提供了方法。

This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze??

这篇文章介绍一种分析??的可行程序。

This paper is devoted to examining the role of??

这篇论文致力于研究??的作用。

This paper reflects the state of the art in??

这篇论文展示了??目前的情况。

This article reviews the techniques used in??

这篇文章综述了??领域采用的技术。

The writer of this essay tries to explore??

本文作者试图探讨??

The aim/purpose/objective of this paper is to determine??

本文的目的/目标是为了决定??

3.必背经典范文

将下面这篇约500词的原文按要求写成约150词的摘要。

原文：

How New York Became America's Largest City

In the 18th century New York was smaller than Philadelphia and Boston.Today it is the largest city in America.How can the change in its size and importance be explained？

To answer this question we must consider certain facts about geography，history，and

economics.Together these three will explain the huge growth of Americas most famous city. The map of the Northeast shows that four of the most heavily populated areas in this region are around seaports.At these points materials from across the sea enter the United States，and the product of the land are sent there for export across the sea.

Economists know that places where transportation lines meet are good places for making raw materials into finished goods.That is why seaports often have cities nearby.But cities like New York needed more than their geographical location in order to become great industrial centers.Their development did not happen simply by chance.

About 1815，when many Americans from the east coast had already moved toward the west，trade routes from the ports to the central regions of the country began to be a serious problem. The 9

slow wagons of that time，drawn by horses or oxen，were too expensive for moving heavy freight very far. Americans had long admired Europe's canals.In New York State a canal seemed the best solution to the transportation problem.From the eastern end of Lake Erie all the way across the state to the Hudson River there is a long strip of low land.Here the Erie Canal was constructed. After several years of work it was completed in 1825.

The canal produced an immediate effect.Freight costs were cut to about one-tenth of what had been.New York City，which had been smaller than Philadelphia and Boston，quickly became the leading city of the coast.In the years that followed，transportation routes on the Great Lakes were joined to routes on the Mississippi River.Then New York City became the end point of a great inland shipping system that extended from the Atlantic Ocean far up the western branches of the Mississippi.

The coming of the railroads made canal shipping less important，but it tied New York even more closely to the central regions of the country.It was easier for people in the central states to ship their goods to New York for export overseas.

Exports from New York were greater than imports.Consequently，shipping companies were eager to fill their ships with passengers on the return trip from Europe.Passengers could come from Europe very cheaply as a result.

Thus New York became the greatest port for receiving people from European countries. Many of these people remained in the city.Others stayed in New York for a few weeks，months，or years，and then moved to other parts of the United States.For these great number of new Americans New York had to provide homes，goods，and services.Their labor helped the city be come great. 摘要

How New York Became America's Largest City

New York was once smaller than Philadelphia and Boston，but now it is America's largest city because of geography，history and economics.

New York was located at the seaport where materials were imported to the US and the products of the US were sent abroad across the sea.The city was further developed when the Erie Canal was completed in 1825.This linked Lake Erie to New York via the Hudson River and the cost of

transporting goods to those who had settled inland was cut down.In addition，the Great Lakes were soon linked to the Mississippi.Later，railroads tied New York closer to the central states，whose goods were exported via New York.Fewer goods were imported，so cheap passages were available from Europe.New York became the main port for receiving Europeans，many of whom stayed in the city and helped it become great.

报告

1.写作攻略

报告是下级部门就某件事情向上级部门和领导回报工作、反映情况、提出建议等使用的上行公文。就其内容实质来说，可分为信息类报告和分析类报告。信息类报告在日常事务中经常发生，其目的是通报信息和情况，一般要求准确、正确、完整、简明扼要。分析类报告在语言和格式上则更加正式、复杂，其目的在于对某问题或情况进行调查、研究、分析、评估或论证后提出结论，篇幅一般较长。报告的写作主要有以下要求：

（1）写好一份报告，撰写人首先要对所要写的内容有充分的了解。写作时，应尽量多用被动语态，少用第一人称，以免主观、冒昧。

（2）一般英文报告都可采用书信格式。

（3）报告要有明确的中心思想、清楚的段落层次和合理的结构安排。

2.必背模版句型

The report is hereby made to ask for the approval of the board for the solution of the problem. 请董事会批准这件事的解决方案。

This report will summarize??

本报告将总结??

The report provides an introduction to??

本报告介绍了??

The operation on?? is under smooth way.

??的运行很正常。

This report only provides guidelines they can use to assess their own needs.

本报告尽为他们评估自身需求提供一些指导。

May I have your approval of??by the end of this month？

月底之前我能得到您就??的批准吗？

We will fulfill the task ahead of time.

我们将提前完成任务。

Upon the request of the committee，we have conducted the report.

应委员会的请求，我们完成了这份报告。

3.必背经典范文

To：Mr. Johnson

From：Li Nan

Subject：Ship Accident off West Coast of The Yangtze River，No Casualties.

Date：April.4，2005

Yesterday evening two boats collided in thick fog in The Yangtze River not far from Wu Han. One was a cargo ship carrying lumber，apparently on its way to The Yangtze River. The other was a National ferry on its regular run from Jiu Jiang to Wu Han.

However，because of the weather conditions，the captains did not realize the danger until a few seconds before the collision took place. Consequently，there was no time for them to prevent the accident.

Fortunately，there were no casualties among the crews or passengers，but both ships suffered badly damages.

A spokesman for the port authorities said that a committee would be set up to determine the cause of the collision.

Sincerely yours，

Li Nan

译文

收信人：约翰逊先生

发信人：李楠

主题：长江西岸撞船事故，无伤亡

日期：20xx年4月4日

昨晚在距武汉不远处，长江上的两艘船在浓雾中相撞。其中一艘为装运木材的货船，正向长江驶来；另外一艘是国家渡船正从九江到武汉正常航行。

但是由于恶劣的天气，船长知道撞击发生前几秒才意识到危险。结果根本没有时间避免事故的发生。幸运的是船员和乘客都没有伤亡，但船的损害相当严重。

船运部门发言人说会成立事故调查小组彻底调查事故原因。

你诚挚的：李楠

英文来稿必须包括英文标题、英文作者名和单位名、英文摘要、英文关键词、中图分类号、正文、参考文献、中文标题、中文作者名和单位名、中文摘要、中文关键词等部分，并建议按此顺序书写。

1. 文章标题英文标题一般在10个实词以内，最多不超过15个实词，避免使用非公知公用的缩略词、代号等。

2. 作者简介作者真实姓名，作者单位全称、所在城市、邮编；如有多名作者，在每一作者姓名右上角依次标出与作者单位相对应的序号，如： CHUN Yu 1, DONG Xiao-xue2

(1.Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081,China; 2. School of Mechatronic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081,China)。中国作者姓名用汉语拼音，姓前名后，姓氏全部字母大写，复姓应连写；名字首字母大写，双名中间加连字符。如：ZHANG Ying-hui。单位名的英译名应为完整的、正规的名称，一般不用缩写。于文章首页地脚处注明第一作者的姓名、出生年、性别、学历、E-mail信箱等。

3. 论文如有涉密问题或已在公开期刊上发表，请在篇首页地脚处注明。

4. 摘要英文摘要一般为150－180个实词，中文摘要一般在300字以内，中英文摘要应基本一致。其内容应包括研究目的、方法、结果、结论等，禁用“本文”、“作者”、“This paper”等作主语。详见“科技期刊文章摘要的写作要求”。

5. 关键词每篇文章可选3～8个能反映文章主要内容的单词、词组或术语。英文关键词应与中文关键词相对应。

6．中图分类号请查《中国图书馆分类法》。

7. 正文正文篇幅一般希望控制在成书5页（记空格，图表占位）以内。内容力求有创新，论证严谨，语句通顺，文字精炼。

8．文中正体、斜体、黑体字符的用法：

⑴斜体。变量名称用斜体单字母表示；下标若是由变量转化来的则用斜体；坐标轴（如x，y）和变量（如i,j）用斜体。

⑵正体。下标由文字转化来的说明性字符用正体；单位、词头用正体，如nm,pF等；几个特殊常量用正体，如e,i,π等。

⑶黑体。矩阵、矢量名称用黑体表示。

9．图形要求

图中所有线条、文字必须用黑色绘制；用线形或标识符区分；不得有背景；

图中线条须清晰、均匀，刻度线向内侧画，并且间隔应均匀；

图中坐标线粗0.5磅，曲线宽度为坐标线宽度的3倍；

10．表格要求表格采用三线表，表头中使用物理量符号/单位，如下例：

11．参考文献来稿引用他人观点与材料，须将参考文献按正文中出现的先后次序列于文后，文中须在引用处右上角加注“[序号]”。中文参考文献必须列出相应的英文，并在后面加注“(in Chinese)”。引文作者姓名均为姓前名后，最多标3名，余下用“et al.”代表。

著录格式为：(按不同析出物分类说明) 您正浏览的文章由第一＇范文网www.diYifanwen.com整理;

[连续出版物] 主要作者．题名[J] ．刊名，年，卷（期）：起止页码．

[专著] 主要作者．书名[M] ．出版地（城市名）：出版者，出版年．起止页码．

[译著] 主要作者．书名[M] ．译者．出版地（城市名）：出版者，出版年．起止页码．

[论文集] 主要作者．题名[A] ．编者．论文集名[C] ．出版地（城市名）：出版者，出版年．起止页码．

[会议论文] 主要作者．题名[Z] ．会议名称，会议召开地（城市名），召开年．

[学位论文] 作者．题名[D] ．所在城市：保存单位，年份．

[研究报告] 主要作者（转载自第一范文网，请保留此标记。）．题名[R] ．报告代码及编号(或：保存地点：责任单位)，年份．

[报纸] 作者名．文章名[N]．报纸名，出版日期（版次）．

[电子文献] 作者．题名[EB/OL] ．http://???，发表或更新日期/引用日期．

[专利] 申请者．专利名[P] ．专利国名：专利号，发布日期．

[技术标准] 技术标准代号，技术标准名称[S] ．

投稿模拟样本

New Imaging Spectrometric Method for Rotary Object

CHUN Yu 1, DONG Xiao-xue2

(1. Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Information Science

and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081,

China; 2. School of Mechatronic Engineering, Beijing

Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081,China)

Abstract: A new technique for imaging spectrometer for rotary object based on

computed-tomography is proposed. A discrete model of this imaging spectrometric

system is established, which is accordant to actual measurements and convenient

for computation. In computer simulations with this method, projections of the

object are detected by CCD while the object is rotating, and the original spectral

images are numerically reconstructed from them by using the algorithm of

computed-tomography. Simulation results indicate that the principle of the method

is correct and it performs well for both broadband and narrow-band spectral

objects.

Key words: aerodynamic characteristics; stealth characteristics; numerical calculation; polarization

CLC number:TP374.2

引言（不编入章节号）

1.1

1.1.1

(1)

References:

[1] Sch?lkopf B, Burges C J C, Smola A J. Advances in kernel methods – Support vector learning

[M]. Cambridge,MA: MIT Press, 1999.

[2] Hearst M A, Sch?lkopf B, Dumais S, et al. Trends and controversies – Support vector machines [J]. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 1998,13(4):18-28.

相关推荐

英文报告

专栏推荐