Qualitative determination of the elements of organic compounds

Part1 The purposes

1 Learn the principles of the analysis of elements.

1 Master the inspection method of common elements.

Part2 The principles

2.1 The inspection of hydrogen and carbon

Ba(OH)₂+CO₂→BaCO₃↓+H₂O   

Observe the test tube wall with or without water drop.

2.2 The inspection of sulfur and nitrogen

3NaCNS+FeCl₃→Fe(CNS)₃ (sanguineous)+3NaCl

2.2.1 The inspection of nitrogen

FeSO₄+6NaCN→Na₄[Fe(CN)₆]+Na₂SO₄

3Na₄[Fe(CN)₆]+4FeCl₃→Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃↓(blue)+12NaCl

2.2.2 The inspection of sulfur

2.2.2.1 Na₂S+2HAc→H₂S↑+2NaAc

H₂S+Pb(Ac)₂→PbS↓+2HAc

2.2.2.2Na₂S+Na₂Fe(CN)₅NO→Na₄Fe(CN)(NOS)(claret-colored)

2.3 The inspection of halogen

NaX+AgNO₃→AgX↓+NaNO₃

2I^-+Cl₂→2Cl^-+I₂(A purple color appears in CCl₄ layer.)

I₂+5Cl₂+6H₂O→2IO₃^-+12H⁺+10Cl^-(The purple color in CCl₄ layer fades.)

2Br^-+Cl₂→2Cl^-+Br₂(A brown color appears in CCl₄ layer.)

Part3 The materials and apparatus

sucrose solution; copper(II) oxide; barium hydroxide; sodium; 10% acetic acid;  lead acetate test paper; sodium nitroprusside; 10% sodium hydroxide; iron(II) sulfate; iron(III) chloride; 10% sulfuric acid; diluted hydrochloric acid; 5%  silver nitrate; diluted sulfuric acid; carbon tetrachloride; Saturated chlorine water; Saturated chlorine water; 0.1% ammonium hydroxide; concentrated sulfuric acid; 0.5% sodium persulfate.

Part4 The procedures, phenomena and conclusions

Part5 The result

According to the phenomena, we can learn the compound contains hydrogen, carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, chlorine and bromine.

Part6 Discussion

6.1 Q: What's the meaning of the qualitative determination of the elements? Why use the sodium-fusion method to inspect nitrogen and sulfur?

A: It can identify a particular element of organic compounds that determine qualitatively the elements of organic compounds. It can help us to select the ways and methods to identify elements of unknown specimen deeply, and the qualitative determination of the elements is the preparation of quantitative analysis. Inspection of nitrogen and sulfur with sodium (or potassium)-fusion method makes the nitrogen and sulfur of organic compounds into soluble inorganic compounds, then separate  and inspect CN^-, S^2- and so on.

6.2 Q: How to deal with the tiny sodium that sticks to the filter paper, when we cut the sodium on the filter paper?

A: The tiny sodium that sticks to the filter paper can be dealt with by ethyl alcohol, you must not cast it into the tank, disposal bottle and dustbin.

6.3 Q: What gas emission is likely to be when we identify the halogen, if specimen containing sulfur and nitrogen, while, deal with them by nitric acid and boiling? How to solve correctly?

A: It is the gas of hydrogen sulfide and formonitrile when we identify the halogen, if specimen containing sulfur and nitrogen, while, deal with them by nitric acid and boiling. The acidic solution must be boiled for several minutes in fuming cupboard to remove the gas of hydrogen sulfide and formonitrile.

 

第二篇：经贸英文函电实验报告模板

 德 州 学 院

本科实验报告

课程名称：     Trading Correspondence 

实验项目数：       6 ( six)              

实验报告份数：       one               

学生姓名：                           

学生学号：                            

专业班级：                              

指导教师：                              

实验室名称：经济管理系综合实验室    

   年   月     日

实验要求

一、Purposes of Experiments

1. 通过对外贸单证教学系统的独立操作，了解在国际贸易中的每笔业务流程中所涉及的各类函电信函的基本格式，基本包含要素和基本写作技巧。

2. 独立完成由建立业务关系，询盘、发盘、还盘、订单和签订合同的整个过程中所包括的各类信件的写作和中英文互译任务。

3. 掌握国际贸易货物买卖合同履行过程中交货、开证、装船、付款、投保和索赔等各项步骤的基本内容及相关的英文版本资料。

4. 熟悉与掌握利用中英文进行信用证的申请、开证和审证等工作；5. 熟悉各类单证的英文模板及翻译技巧和常用句型；

掌握各种英文单据的编制，填写和使用。

6. 掌握国际贸易中不同类型的确认书，合同和单据的中英文互译；对给定的实例合同能够进行准确翻译。

二 Basic Contents ：

1.     经过函电书信的往来，完成询盘，发盘，还盘，接受，订单和签订合同的基本交易过程。

2.     翻译随附往来的各种电邮信息，并了解签署各类经贸实务合同的中英文版本格式。

3.     按照所选择贸易术语及结算方式，依据该方式下的交易流程写出各个交易过程（如货物运输、货物保险、出口报检报关、货款支付、出口/进口退税等）中所需各类单据，并随附提交所有具体单据的中英文版本。

4.     各类合同及贸易实务中单据的英文模板的掌握和英文版本的翻译。

三、Requirements

1. To finish the basic procedures as required in the task list.

2. To get familiar with commonly—used expressions and structures in the International Trade practice.

3. To make reasonable translation of English versions for essential documents and contracts employed in the practice.

四、Processes or Steps

1. Basic structure for formal commercial writing and essential factors involved in practical writing 

2. Writing and Translation for all types of letters employed in the basic trading procedure( Building-up Relationship, Inquiry, Offer, Counter—offer, Acceptance and Order)

3. Translation for Sales Confirmation and Sales Contract; Translation fro examples for different types of Contract in practice

4. Drafting, Fulfillment and Translation for Draft and Letter of credit.( Check of L/C, Amendment of L/C,) 

5. Charter and Booking Space; fulfillment and Translation for Bill of Lading

6. Procedures for Covering Insurance; fulfillment and Translation for Insurance Policy

6 Translation for commonly—used documents in practice

五．Marks:

1. 评分依据为学生的实验课出勤率，学生的课堂上课态度及实验任务的完成质量给予量分。

2. 每位学生的作业完成质量的评价标准为：函电写作中的要素齐全； 无单词拼写错误，语法错误和基本句型错误；常用专业术语翻译科学准确；中英文互译中能基本如实的保证原文和译文意义的一致性。译文句子通顺流畅。

3. 学生能积极配合实验老师的工作安排，按时完成所规定的阶段性实验任务。

实验得分：

教师评语