目的论与商务广告翻译毕业论文开题报告
西安翻译学院
XI’AN FANYI UNIVERSITY
本科毕业论文附件
题 目The Translation of Business Advertisement 学生姓名 庹佰荣 指导教师 程鑫颐 学科专业 英 语
20xx年5月
毕业论文开题报告
题 目The Translation of Business Advertisement
姓 名 庹佰荣
专 业 英语
班 级 101110111
学 号 10111011615
指导教师 程鑫颐
20xx年11月26日
开题报告填写要求
1．开题报告作为毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。此报告应在指导教师指导下，由学生在毕业论文工作前期内完成，经指导教师签署意见及所在院（系）审查后生效。
2．开题报告内容必须按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式（可从教务处网页上下载）填写并打印（禁止打印在其它纸上后剪贴），完成后应及时交给指导教师签署意见。
3．开题报告字数应在1500字以上，文中引用参考文献处应标出文献序号，“参考文献”参照《西安翻译学院本科毕业论文写作技术规范》要求书写。
4．指导教师意见和所在院（系）意见用黑色签字笔书写，并亲笔签名。
5. 年、月、日的日期一律用阿拉伯数字书写，例：“20xx年11月26日”或“2013-11-26”。
毕业论文开题报告
注：1. 表前4项由学生填写后，交指导教师签署意见，经院(系)主管领导审批后，才能开题。
2. 毕业论文完成后此表装订入毕业论文附件册中。
第二篇：毕业论文《商务函电的翻译技巧》
摘 要: 商务英语函电是国际贸易活动的重要载体,涉及到询购、复函与报价、
认购与确认、保险、包装、运输、信用证付款及其它付款方式、投诉与处理、代理等国际实务贸易的各个环节。如函电译文出现谬误,势必导致双方误解从而贻误商机。而质量上乘的译文则能取得“双赢”的效果。
关键词: 商务英语; 函电; 特点; 翻译
1 引言 商务英语函电的翻译技巧
随着国际贸易市场竞争的日益激烈,国际间的贸易来往更加频繁,而商务英语就成了国际间来往的桥梁,它也是国际贸易活动中不可缺少的沟通工具。实际上,商务英语控制着国际交流,国际交流离不开商务英语,这也必然导致商务信函风格和语言上变化,曾经那些千篇一律的陈旧词汇已经无法跟上新时代的发展了。而今,商务交流中的信息来往要求内容简单,重点突出,并已经成为一种交流趋势,而商务英语函电的翻译要从商务信函的文体语言特点着手。
2 商务英语函电的特点
商务函电与一般的交流信息不同,它特点鲜明,并有固定的翻译原则,其目的是维持良好的业务关系,促进商务沟通,保证正常的商务来往。其核心为效率,经济性与简洁性为效率的核心,并要求高效率和充实的内容,二者是互相促进的,缺一不可。
2.1 文体特点
在信息重新分配和组合的过程中,要首先考虑语言的结构,尤其是文体。事实上,文体主要分为5类,即专业文体、正式文体、非正式文体、随意文体、亲密文体。由于商务函电直接涉及到国家之间的贸易来往信息,且同银行、海关、运输、法律等专业知识有着密不可分的联系,所以应今本归纳为专业文体或者正式文体。
2.2 语言特点
商务函电所要求的三个基本原则是:准确、简洁、清楚。这些都是对语言方面的要求,而体贴、礼貌,则是针对态度和角度方面的要求。同时要求格式的完整,函电内容也要具体丰富,内容中要避免一些无实际意义的多余词汇,内容要严格的把握重点。商务函电不仅有特殊的背景,还要求翻译人员要有实际的商务工作技能。
主要的语言特点可以归纳为两点:商务函电的涉及范围有贸易、金融、外汇、海关、商检等诸多领域,其行业特征比较明显,因此,需要对语言进行合理选择;商务人员的思维
模式具体、审慎,讲究语言表达的分寸。具体的表现是,语言表达要简单明了,突出重点。用词规范、语法结构严谨、句子排列一般固定有序。语篇连贯、逻辑性强。
2.3 翻译特点
商务函电翻译的目的是要体现函电的实际效用,能准确及时的传达信息,而绝非是为了单纯的美感和语言的华丽。按照贸易的不同类型,其翻译目的也不一样,采用不同的手段处理不同的内容;翻译过程是固定的,严格控制错误。因而,翻译人员不仅要熟悉专业知识,还要有合理的发挥。
翻译的根本在意表达准确的意思,还要求专业术语的精确;同时,要善于运用语言,用有限的词汇表达出更精准的意思,将相关的信息更为精练准确地表达出来。由于商务函电涉及英、汉语言的翻译与运用,且函电又有其语言、语法、句子结构等方面的特殊性,再加上中西文化上的差异,这也导致了商务函电的翻译可能无法精确的表达其意思,只能是相对的精确。因此,我们必须认识到这一点,对今后商务函电的翻译起着重要的作用。
3 商务英语函电的翻译技巧
正确的理解原文的意思是做好翻译工作的基础。翻译是对两种语言的转换,需要翻译人员对两种语言都有较好的理解,并合理解决它们之间存在的差异。而娴熟的翻译技巧就是处理这里问题的方法,翻译技巧所涉及的内容十分广泛,从语言到语法,从结构到内容,每一个方面都需要翻译技巧作为翻译基础,可见,翻译技巧在函电翻译中起着十分重要的作用。
3.1 词汇翻译技巧
商务英语函电的词汇翻译很关键,而对专业词汇的精确运用则体现出娴熟的翻译技巧,其中包含一些大学专业词汇,具有商务含义的普通词和复合词,以及一些专业的缩写词等。例如UC表示信用证;W.P.A水演险等等。如果翻译人员对这些专业词汇不了解或者没有专业知识,就无法做好商务函电的翻译。
英语和汉语中,相同的词汇会出现不同意思和不同范围的的情况,这些都属于一词多意,如果仅仅依靠查字典,是无法真正解决问题的,必须在联系上下文的意思后,通过总结,找出该词汇代表的真实含义。在商务英语函电中,我们还会遇到一些词在其实际应用中
与其它词语搭配后产生具体意义。
商务函电翻译与一般的文学翻译不同。文学翻译要保证原文的神韵和内容,做到神似。函电翻译需要的是对内容的精准翻译。
首先,要按照语言使用规范正确的使用套语。如:Please quote us the lowest price CIF New York with a 5 percent commission,and indicate the quantity that you can supply for October shipment.利用套语就应该是“请报来最低CIF纽约价包括5%佣金,并说明可供十月份装运的数量。”其次,要注意多义词的使用。如“The product will find a good market in New York”。此产品在纽约将有很好的销路。“Chinese ceramic products are verypopular in Europe.We would like to work with you to market themin Canada”。中国的陶瓷产品在欧洲很受欢迎,我们愿同你方合作在加拿大销售。”
从上面两个例子中可以看出,market既有市场、销路,又有营销、出售之意。翻译时还要根据上下文的意思,对该词做正确的翻译,避免误解。如The goods were received contrary to our instructions arepacked in wooden cases without iron hoops。句中的contrary to our instructions实际上是修饰“包装”而不是“货物”的意思。正是因为由contrary to our instructions的位置提前,容易让翻译人员误解。
最后,在遵守翻译程序时,还要注意翻译技巧的运用。如信函中Dear sirs,一般不译为“亲爱的先生们”,而译为“(执事)先生”或“径启者”。
3.2 用词礼貌,语气委婉
一份文雅、彬彬有礼有质量的函电,会让阅读信件的人心情舒畅,同时留下良好的印象,对双方的贸易来往有积极的作用,这对这笔交易的达成有很大的促进作用。所以,译员在翻译外贸信函时要选择合适的语言,不仅要实现正确的翻译,还要将原文中要表达的礼貌充分的体现出来,保证翻译能在语言上形成对等。我们主要可以通过使用正确的语气,恰当的委婉语以及适度的模糊语策略来实现。
例如,当拒绝对方的报盘时,通常使用“We regret to say that…”等较为温和语气来表达自己的意思。即使本次交易没有成功,也会给对方留下好的印象,不会影响到未来的合作关系。“We are afraid, we would say…”“Wouldyou like…”等句型也都有舒缓语气、避免绝对化的作用,可以给业务合作留下更多商量和协作的余地,有利于合作关系
的建立。翻译时适当使用模糊用语可以使礼貌策略更加突出。
3.3 译文流畅,风格一致
在外贸活动中,交易双方从陌生到熟悉,从建立业务关系开始直到交易的达成,期间交往的信函不计其数,随着不断变化的状况,信函的内容也千变万化。然而信函翻译的风格应该保持整体的一致连贯,如实反映信函的原貌,让阅读信函的人有亲切的感觉,不致觉得唐突陌生。英文函电翻译的这些专业化特点要求翻译人员必须投入大量的时间和精力不断丰富完善自身的专业知识与翻译技巧,从而适应对外贸易迅猛发展的需要。
4 结语
综上所述,商务函电是现在国际商务间交流的方式之一。由于它属于特殊文体,其语言的专业性有着特殊的要求,要求译者从词义和专业上,在结合上下文的意思,去完整的翻译全文,保证译文所传达的信息与原文所传递的信息一致。翻译内容需要等值这个理论,在很大程度上促进了函电的准确翻译,严格控制了译文和原文在意义上的差异,在商务函电翻译中的应用有助于强化译文的逻辑性、规范性和准确度。正确运用动态等值理论,在商务函电翻译中具有重要意义。
Abstract: Business English is an important carrier of international trade activities, involving consultation purchase, replies and quotations, subscription and confirmation, insurance, packing, transportation, letter of credit and other payment methods, and processing of complaints, agency and other international all aspects of trade practices. Translation errors occur, such as correspondence, will inevitably lead to bungled opportunities both misunderstanding. The high quality of translation is to achieve "win-win" results.
Keywords: Business English; correspondence; characteristics; translation
Business English translation skills
1 INTRODUCTION
As international trade increasingly fierce market competition, international trade from more frequent, and business English has become a bridge between the international community, it is indispensable to international trade communication tools. In fact, business English in control of international communication, international communication is inseparable from business English, business correspondence is also bound to lead to changes in style and language, which fits the old words have been unable to keep up with the development of a new era. Today, the exchange of information between business requirements is simple, focused, and has become a communication trend, Business English translation of a letter from the business style of language features to proceed.
2 Characteristics of Business English Business correspondence and exchange of information in general is different from its distinct characteristics and a fixed translation principle, its objective is to maintain good business relations, the promotion of business communication, to ensure normal business dealings. The core efficiency, economy, efficiency and simplicity to the core, and for high efficiency and substantial content, the two are mutually reinforcing, and indispensable.
2.1 Style of the body
Re-allocation and portfolio in the information process, we should first consider the structure of language, especially in style. In fact, the style is divided into five categories, namely professional style, formal style, informal style, free style, intimate style. As the business correspondence directly related to trade
between countries of information, and with banks, customs, transportation, and legal expertise are inextricably linked, it should be divided into professional sports today, or the official style.
2.2 Language Features
Business correspondence required by the three basic principles: accurate, concise and clear. These are the language requirements, and considerate, polite, it is for the attitude and perspective requirements. Form also asked the integrity of the concrete correspondence should be rich in content, content to avoid redundant without meaningful words, content to take a strict focus. Business correspondence is not only special background, also called translators have real business skills. The main language features can be summarized in two points: the scope of Business Correspondence concerning trade, finance, foreign exchange, customs, commodity inspection, and many other areas, more obvious features of its industry, therefore, need to be a reasonable choice of language; the specific mode of thinking of business people carefully, pay attention to language and when not. Specific performance is that language should be simple and clear, focused. Standardized terminology, grammar, well-structured, arranged in the general fixed sentence order. Coherence, logic and strong.
2.3 Translation features
Business correspondence translation is intended to reflect the actual effect of correspondence, accurate and timely communication of information, rather than to pure beauty and beautiful language. According to different types of trade, the purpose of their translation are not the same, using different means to handle different content; translation process is fixed, strict control of the error. Thus, the translator must not only familiar with the professional
knowledge, but also a reasonable play.
Translation not care about the meaning of the expression of accurate, precise terminology is also required; the same time, necessary to use the language with limited vocabulary to express a more precise meaning, the relevant information is more concise and accurate expression. As the business correspondence related to the English and Chinese language translation and application, and correspondence has its language, grammar, sentence structure and other aspects of the specialty, plus Cultural differences, which led to the translation of business correspondence may not be accurate the expression of its meaning, can only be relatively accurate. Therefore, we must recognize this, the translation of business correspondence in the future play an important role.
3 Business English translation skills
Correct understanding of original meaning is the basis for doing translation work. Translation is the conversion of two languages, two languages to be translated officers have a better understanding of, and reasonable solution to the differences between them. The consummate translation skills to the problem here is dealing with translation skills involved are very broad, from language to grammar, from structure to content, every aspect of the translation needs of translation skills as the basis, can be seen in the correspondence translation translation skills play an important role.
3.1 Vocabulary Translation
Vocabulary Business English translation is critical, while the precise use of vocabulary is demonstrated skilful translation skills, including some universities specialized vocabulary, the meaning of common words with the business and compound words, and so professional abbreviations. UC says such letters of credit; W.P.A water play, etc. insurance. If the translators did
not understand these terms or no professional expertise, we can not do the translation of business correspondence.
English and Chinese, the same words appear in different means and different areas of the case, these are all multi-word meaning, if the dictionary alone is not really solving the problem, you must contact the context of the mean and, by summing up to find out the true meaning of the words represent. In Business English, we will encounter some words in their practical application in other words with concrete meaning arising after.
Business correspondence translation and literary translation in general different. Literary translation to ensure the original charm and content, so that bore a striking resemblance. Correspondence translation is needed is the precise translation of content.
First of all, according to the correct use of language to use standard sets of words.Such as:Please quote us the lowest price CIF New York with a 5 percent commission, and indicate the quantity that you can supply for October shipment. Using sets of words should be "Please quote CIF New York, the lowest price, including 5% commission, and indicate the amount available for shipment in October." Second, we must pay attention Polysemy use. Such as "The product will find a good market in New York". This product will be in New York has a good market. "Chinese ceramic products are verypopular in Europe.We would like to work with you to market themin Canada". China's ceramic products are very popular in Europe, we are willing to sell your cooperation in Canada. "
From the above two examples can be seen, market both markets, sales, another marketing, sale was intended. Translation, but also based on the context, do the right translation of the word, to avoid misunderstanding. If The goods were received contrary to our instructions arepacked in wooden cases without iron hoops. Sentence, contrary to our instructions are actually modified the "packaging" rather than "goods" means. Because contrary to our instructions from the position in advance, easy to interpreter.
Finally, in compliance with translation program, but also pay attention to the use of translation skills. If the letter Dear sirs, are generally not translated as "Dear Sir", but translated as "(Deacon) Mr." or "Path Sirs."
3.2 words polite, tactful tone
A polite, courteous and quality, correspondence, make people feel comfortable reading the letter, while a good impression on the trade between the two sides have a positive effect, which reached the deal will greatly promote effect. Therefore, the translator in the translation of foreign correspondence should select the appropriate language of the time, not only to achieve a correct translation, but also to convey the original text of the full manifestation of courtesy, to ensure the formation of translation in the language of the other. We mainly by using the right tone, appropriate euphemism, as well as appropriate strategies to implement the fuzzy language.
For example, when refused to offer each other, usually using the "We regret to say that ..." and other more moderate tone to express his meaning. Even if the transaction is not successful, will give each other a good impression and will not affect future cooperation. "We are afraid, we would say ..." "Wouldyou like ..." and other sentences also have a soothing tone, to avoid the absolute role can be to discuss business cooperation and collaboration to leave more room for the establishment of beneficial cooperation . Appropriate use of vague language translation, courtesy of strategies can become more prominent.
3.3 Mr smooth, consistent style In foreign trade activities, transactions both from strange to familiar, from the beginning until the establishment of business relations reached a deal, during numerous exchanges of correspondence with the changing conditions,
contents of the letter is also changing. However, the translation correspondence should maintain a consistent style, consistent, accurately reflects the original letter, so read the letters people have kind of feeling, not that strange abruptness. English translation of the specialized features of correspondence required translators to be putting in a lot of time and energy to constantly enrich and improve their professional knowledge translation skills to suit the needs of the rapid development of foreign trade.
4 Conclusion
In summary, business correspondence is now an international business exchange between one of the ways. Because it is a special style, their language has a special professional requirements, requirements and professional translator from the meaning, in the meaning in context, to complete the translation of text, to ensure translation of information conveyed by the message with the original line . Translation content requires the equivalent of this theory to a large extent contributed to the accurate translation of correspondence, strict control of the translation and the original in the sense of the differences in translation of business correspondence translation help to reinforce the logic of normative and accuracy. Correct use of dynamic equivalence theory, translation of business correspondence of great significance.
商务英语函电的翻译技巧
摘 要:
1 引言
2 商务英语函电的特点
2.1 文体特点
2.2 语言特点
2.3 翻译特点
3 商务英语函电的翻译技巧
3.1 词汇翻译技巧
3.2 用词礼貌,语气委婉
3.3 译文流畅,风格一致
4 结语
Business English translation skills
Abstract:
1 INTRODUCTION
2 Characteristics of Business English
2.1 Style of the body
2.2 Language Features
2.3 Translation features
3 Business English translation skills
3.1 Vocabulary Translation
3.2 words polite, tactful tone
3.3 Mr smooth, consistent style
4 Conclusion
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