科普、研究报告类阅读文章（一）

完型1：

To know just what the effects of global warming will be in the future is extremely difficult, if not impossible. Scientists use computer models to study the __1__ of global warming. These computer models have been fairly consistent in __2__ general future trends, but often __3__ greatly when looking at the specifics. Some scientists say global warming has already been going on for a while. Others say that we do not have enough information now to know for sure. Despite the __4__, most scientists are convinced that greenhouse gases are __5__ the Earth. What they are still trying to figure out is how __6__ temperatures are rising, and what will happen as a result. The climate changes that will result from global warming are extremely __7__ to predict. The weather is determined by so many factors that it is often compared to chaos (complete disorder) by scientists. Changing the __8__ will likely have some effect on the planet’s weather, but just what that effect will be is __9__ impossible to predict. If temperature do rise significantly, the most important __10__ would be that some part of the polar ice caps would melt, __11__ global sea levels. The rise in sea levels would be __12__ for some places. Islands would __13__ , meaning their millions of inhabitants would have to move to other places. __14__ would occur along coastlines all over the world, forcing more people to move and ruining cropland. In the case of major global warming and __15__ ice caps, some countries might simply stop existing. Global warming, if uncontrolled, could cause a major catastrophe.

1. A. causes B. trends C. specifics D. effects

2. A. controlling B. changing C. predicting D. determining

3. A. differ B. match C. change D. compare

4. A. agreements B. disagreements C. changes D. information

5. A. warming B. cooling C. melting D. raising

6. A. greatly B. extremely C. quickly D. slowly

7. A. unlikely B. possible C. easy D. difficult

8. A. prediction B. temperature C. model D. trend

9. A. nearly B. completely C. simply D. generally

10. A. case B. disorder C. meaning D. result

11. A. lowering B. raising C. moving D. affecting

12. A. destructive B. significant C. impossible D. likely

13. A. sink B. rise C. disappear D. exist

14. A. Drought B. Disorder C. Melting D. Flooding

15. A. melted B. hardened C. parted D. ruined

完型2：

When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones-the kind of modern, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines．But the US has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be incredibly to tear them all down and them with greener versions．

An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses．And it would take an average of 65 years for the carbon emissions (排放节能) home to make up for the lost by destroying an old one．

So in the broadest sense, the greenest home is the one that has already been built．But at the same time, half of US carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and powering our offices and other buildings．"You can't deal with climate without dealing with existing buildings," says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust．

With some exceptions, the oldest homes tend to be the energy-efficient．Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that over time and let in more outside .

,there are a vast number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from ones like Lincoln's Cottage to your own postwar home．And efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help property owners from rising power 1． A．terrible B．wasteful C．wonderful D．useful

2． A．put B．build C．replace D．take

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3． A．reduced B．increased C．used D．destroyed

4． A．old B．fashionable C．new D．beautiful 5． A．magazines B．trees C．materials D．resources

6． A．nearly B．hardly C．rarely D．mostly

7． A．libraries B．schools C．homes D．stores

8． A．improvement B．appearance C．stability D．change

9． A．most B．really C．very D．least

10．A．expand B．narrow C．strengthen D．weaken

11．A．dust B．air C．smoke D．water

12．A．Oppositely B．Unfortunately C．Fortunately D．Frankly

13．A．historic B．worthless C．ordinary D．meaningless

14．A．charge B．protect C．punish D．warn

15．A．prices B．costs C．businesses D．bargains

阅读

A

Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self-respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized (归类) as “honor” help you create this life of good feelings.

Here’s an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.

Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerk’s mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.

Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?

In the first case, where we don’t tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. We would also demonstrate that we cannot lie trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerk’s attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. Whenever we take honorable action, we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility.

There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions. Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence. And it’s easy to think and act honorably again when we’re happy. While the positive cycle can be difficult to start, once it’s started, it’s easy to continue. Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness.

36. According to the passage, the positive action in the example contributes to our ________.

A. self-respect B. financial rewards C. advertising ability D. friendly relationship

37. The author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to ________.

A. lying B. stealing C. cheating D. advertising

38. The phrase “bringing the error to the clerk’s attention” (in Para.5) means ________.

A. telling the truth to the clerk B. offering advice to the clerk

C. asking the clerk to be more attentive D. reminding the clerk of the charged item

39. How will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistake?

A. We’ll be very excited. B. We’ll feel unfortunate.

C. We’ll have a sense of honor. D. We’ll feel sorry for the clerk.

40. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?

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A. How to Live Truthfully B. Importance of Peacefulness

C. Ways of Gaining Self-respect D. Happiness through Honorable Action

B

A person’s ability to quickly react to different circumstances might better indicate his or her chances for a longer and healthier life, than their blood pressure, weight or exercise levels, reports a new study by British researchers.

While this can be attributed, in part, to differences in lifestyles because commonly, the more intelligent people are, the less likely they tend to smoke and suffer from extreme weight, there was still much of the gap that could not be previously explained. In fact, according to the authors, people’s reaction times are a measure of their intelligence (IQ), which, in its turn is an indicator of “system integrity” (系统完整性) of their bodies, in other words, how well the rest of the body is wired together.

The Scottish research appears to be the first to focus on a comparison between people’s intelligence and their death. The findings were based on the study of 7,414 people nationwide for more than a twenty-year period of time.

In the experiment, the reaction times of all the study participants were measured by the means of an electrical device that was fitted with a small screen and 5 numbered buttons. The participants then were asked to press the matching buttons when they saw some number appearing on screen. The time that every volunteer had taken to react was meanwhile recorded and averages worked out.

It was found later that since the mid-80s, more than 1,200 people have died, and 568 of them from heart related conditions. The experts then compared the reaction times, smoking and drinking habits, weight and other factors of those people who had passed away with those who had survived. The results revealed that people with slow reactions were 2.6 times more likely to die prematurely (提前) from any cause. The only factor that was somehow connected with an increased risk of death was smoking—making it over 3 times more likely.

Traditional indicators such as heart rate, waist circumference, physical activity, drinking habits, body max index (BMI) and blood pressure were found to be less accurate. There had been assumptions that reaction time, as a measure of speed of the information-processing capacity, may be a marker for the integrity of the human body, the researchers wrote. But the current study shows that slower are the reaction times, and therefore worse capability to process information—better are the chances of physiological malfunctioning (技能丧失), which may in turn be linked to a premature death.

56 What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Want to Live a Longer Life?—Watch Your Reaction B. A Better Way to Measure One’s Intelligence

C. The Relation Between Intelligence and Lifestyle D. Good Habits Lead to a Longer Life

57. People’s reaction times can tell us about _______.

A. their life styles B. their intelligence C. their body max index D. their way of thinking

58. According to the passage, if a person has slower reaction, he _______.

A. is more likely to die prematurely from any cause B. is more likely to die from heart related conditions

C. must have high body max index D. is sure to have many bad habits

59. The researchers believe traditional indicators ________.

A. can only be used to tell a person’s lifespan B. can be used to measure one’s information-processing capacity

C. are not so accurate in telling a person’s lifespan as expected D. can only be used to tell a person’s lifestyle

60. We can infer from the passage that _________.

A. it’s hard to tell whether one can live a longer life B. none of the traditional indicators are reliable

C. the Scottish researchers are still not sure what leads to a longer life

D. smoking is an important cause of a premature death

C

Conservationists have unveiled plans to preserve and protect the world's most important species of coral, in

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a response to increasing threats that they say will lead to "functional extinction" within decades．

Led by scientists at the Zoological Society of London, the Edge Coral Reefs project has identified 10 coral species in most urgent risk of becoming extinct．The scientists say that reefs are under pressure from a variety of threats including rising sea temperatures due to climatic instability, increased acidity（酸性）, overfishing and pollution．

The Edge plan, which focuses on the most evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered species , will take a regional approach to conservation．This means focusing on the "coral triangle" around the Philippines, the West Indian Ocean around the Mozambique channel, and in the Caribbean channel．

"Coral reefs are threatened with functional extinction in the next 20-50 years, due predominantly to global climatic instability," said Catherine Head, coordinator of the reefs project．"In these regions, we'll be supporting and training in-country conservationists to carry out research and implement targeted conservation actions," she said．"Their projects will last initially for two years．We provide them with a whole host of tools to carry out their projects including funding and intensive training．" She added．

Coral reefs are the planet's most diverse marine ecosystem（生态系统）, known as the rainforests of the oceans．Despite taking up under 0．2% of the ocean floor, they provide food and shelter for almost a third of all sea life．If we lose the ecosystems, we lose not only the biodiversity （生物多样性）, but we also lose the capability of people to obtain income and food from coral reefs．

Climatic instability, which leads to rising sea temperatures, causes corals to bleach．Bleaching occurs when sea temperatures rise and this causes the coral tissue to expel their symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae - these are what give the coral their colour．Bleached corals often die if the stress continues．Among the 10 species chosen to start the Edge project are the pearl bubble coral, a food source for the hawksbill（玳瑁）turtle, and the Mushroom coral, which supports at least 15 brightly colored fish．

41．What does the first paragraph mean in the passage ?

A．Conservationists planned to preserve and protect some extinct corals years ago． B．Conservationists have banned plans to protect endangered corals for years． C．Conservationists are going to protect corals that are dying out in several ten years． D．Conservationists have made plans to protect corals from being extinct in ten years． A．Decrease． B．Losing functions． C．Disappearance． D．Existence． A．The Edge Coral Reefs project was carried out by American scientists． B．The plan concentrates on the channels to protect the endangered species． C．The Conservationists have carried out the Edge plan for many years to protect the corals． D．Ten coral species chosen by the project are at the greatest risk of becoming extinct． A．We will keep the balance of the marine ecosystems． B．About one third of the marine species can't survive． C．Man can benefit more from corals．

D．We will lose the rainforests on our earth．

45．What is the best title of the passage?

42．What will probably happen to coral species with the increasing threats? 43．Which of the following statements about the Edge Plan is TRUE? 44．Which of the following will be the consequence of coral extinction in the passage? A．Climatic Instability and Coral Extinction． B．Reasons for Coral Functional Extinction． C．A Plan to Save Coral from Extinction． D．A Research about Endangered Coral Reefs． 4

Keys:

完型1：1-5 DCABA 6-10 CDBAD 11-15 BACDA 完型2：BCACD ACDDA BCABB

阅读：

A篇：36-40 ABACD B篇：56-60 ABACD C篇：ＣＣＤＢＣ

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