虚拟语气的用法荟萃

一：概念：虚拟语气是指和现实情况相反的假设，是对真实情况的主观臆想或是一种主观愿望。

二：虚拟语气涉及的情况：

1)用在由if引导的非真实条件句中。条件句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。

A)真实条件句：即条件是可实现的客观事实或者真实情况。

如：If you heat ice, it melts.(融化)

If I make a promise, I keep it.

If we catch the early bus, we will(shall,can, may,)get there by lunch time.

If it is fine tomorrow, we can play basketball.(客观事实)

If it rains, I go to school on foot.

☆B)If 引导的非真实条件句中，即虚拟条件句中。主要涉及到对三种情况的虚拟：对过去的虚拟；对现在的虚拟；对将来的虚拟。谓语动词的时态变化符合“倒退一步法”。

①对过去真实情况的虚拟，或者对过去事实完全相反的假设：

公式：

if? had + V-ed分词（从句）, ? Would（could,might,should） + have+ V-ed分词 ?（主句） 如：If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.

If she 实际上没帮)

If I had made good prepatation, I wouldn't have lost the job.

②对现在真实情况的虚拟，或者对现在真实情况相反的假设：

公式：

If ...+V-过去式(be多用were),...+would/should/could/might + 动词原形 实际上没时间)

③对将来情况相反的假设：

公式：

If 。。。+动词过去式/should +动词原形/were to +动词原形,。。。+would/should/could/might +动词原形

If it should/were to/ rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.(下雨的可能性很小)

※注意：虚拟语气的倒装语序：上述(1),(2),(3)三种时态的虚拟句中,如果if从句里含有should, had, were或其他助动词,则可将从属连词if省去,将助动词.情态动词.be或have放在句首形成部分倒装.

If I had time, I would have done that yesterday.

==Had I had time, I would have done that yesterday.

If I were you, I would go to the party.

==Were I you, I would go to the party.

If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home

==Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.

2）错综时间if虚拟条件句

通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.

如： If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指一般情况, 主句指过去)

If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在).

If I had bought that ticket last night, I would go to the theater(剧院) with you tomorrow.

3）that从句及其他特殊句型中的虚拟语气：

A)在suggest, order（命令） demand（要求）,request（要求），require（要求）， propose（建议）,move（提议）， command,（指挥） , recommend（推荐）, decide, insist（坚持）, desire（渴望）, urge（督促）等动词后的宾语从句中要用 “ (should) +动词原形” 来表示愿望,建议, 命令,要求等;

注意：由上述动词派生或转化的名词形式，如suggestion, proposal, plan, motion, recommendation, demand, order, desire, request, requirement, insistence, advice, decision , ）等的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式.

如：

B) 在It is/was + 某些形容词 + that 从句的句型中,that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气,即 “should + 动词原形” 。这些形容词有:

important, necessary（必要的）, essential（关键的，及其重要的）, imperative（必需的）, natural, strange, advisable（可取的，明智的）, desirable（可取的）, possible, probable（很可能的）, astonishing（令人震惊的）, surprising, desired, suggested（被建议的）, requested,（被要求的） recommended（被推荐的）, ordered, proposed, decided, obligatory（义不容辞的, 必须的),moved（被提议的）等.

如：

It is necessary/essential/imperative/important that he should be given the chance.

It's ordered that he should come back without delay.(他被命令不许回来迟了。)

It's very essential that we should learn to speak English under the background of economic globalization.

It's advisable that he should take part in the party.

※注意： should + 动词原形(或完成形式)” 可表示惊奇,遗憾,怀疑,不满等。 I. 如： I never expected that the new apartment should be so small.

II. 如： It is a pity that he should be so careless.

III.

Eg. He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged.

He walked out of the room quietly lest his mother should notice him.

4）用在wish之后的宾语从句中。

①表示现在的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时，be换成were

I wish I were not at the party.我希望现在自己没在这个晚会上。

②表示过去的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或could have + V.ed

I wish I had studied harder last term.我希望上学期我学习更努力就好了。

③表示将来不大可能实现的愿望，从句谓语用would + V.

I wish he would invite me to the party this weekend.

5)用在It is about(high)time+ that从句中（表示应该做，但还没做）。That从句的谓语用一般过去时，that可省略。如：

It’s high time we went to bed.

6)在would rather, would sooner(宁愿), would just as soon(宁愿)的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词有两种情况：

①表示现在或将来虚拟时，谓语一般都用一般过去时；如：

I would rather you came next week instead of today.

②表示过去虚拟用过去完成时。如；

I would rather that I hadn’t finished the task.

7)在 “as if/ as though” 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词与wish的宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.

如： He works with such enthusiasm（热情） as if he never knew fatigue（疲劳）. 注意：若as if从句表示的是真实情况，则不用虚拟语气，照常用陈述语气。

如：

It seems as if they know each other. (真实情况)

It seems as though it were already spring. (虚拟语气)

8） 用在if only （要是。。。就好了）引起的感叹句中. Eg. If only the driver didn’t drive so fast!要是他没开这么快就好了。 If only I were not so nervous.(紧张的)要是我现在不紧张就好了。

9)用于含蓄条件句。当句中中带有介词如“but for”,"without"表示“要不是”，“否则”等，虚拟语气的使用。如： Without electricity, we would live a boring life.

 

第二篇：英语动词虚拟语气用法详解

动词的语气—虚拟语气

一、语气的定义和种类

l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2、语气的种类：

(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!

(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the door, please。请打开门。

(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！

二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。

如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)

在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:

注: 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。

l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如: If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿 ，一切都没问题了。

2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如: If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't (couldn’t) have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。

3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如: If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would，could，might) go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能)去看望我奶 奶。If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。

4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如: If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)

5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式:

(l)省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如: Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这事。

(2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如: Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) I couldn’t have done it. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。

假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如: I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) 我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话，我就??)；I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.) 我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。(如果我没生病的话，我就会完成??)

6、省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。

(1)省去条件从句。如: You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了"If you had wanted to")(事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。)

(2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如: If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。)；If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)

三、虚拟语气的其他用法

l、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在"It is important (strange，natural，necessary)that?"这类

句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should十动词原形”结构，表示某事是"重要"、"奇怪"、"自然"、"必要"等意义。如: It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. 重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。

2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法：

(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。如: I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道)；2）表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用"had十过去分词"。如: I wish (wished) I hadn’t spent so much money. 我后悔不该花那么多钱。(实际上已经花掉)；3)表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为"would十动词原形"。此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。如: I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止；I wish you would come soon. 但愿你立刻来。

(2)在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。如: I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。

3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法

(1)在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone t his office. 即使生了病，他俩去办公室。

(2)由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had十过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌

生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。

注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。

(3)在in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用 “could或might（有时也用should）+ 动词原形”。如: Mr green spoke slowly so that his students could (might) hear clearly. 格林先生说得很慢，好让学生听清楚。

4、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：在"It is time (that) ?"句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是"该干某事的时候了"。如: It’s (high) time we did our homework. 我们该做作业了。

5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法

(1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气，常见于日常会话中。如: It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别太晚睡觉。

(2)在一些习惯表达中。如: I would rather not tell you. 我宁愿不告诉你。

(3)用“may + 动词原形”表示"祝愿"、"但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：May you be happy!祝你快乐！May good luck be yours.祝你顺利。