20xx版新目标英语八年级上册第一单元知识点归纳

一、词组、短语:

1、go on vacation去度假 ,

2、stay at home 呆在家,

3、go to the mountains 上山/进山 ,

4、go to the beach到海边去,

5、visit museums 参观博物馆,

6、go to summer camp 去夏令营,

7、quite a few 相当多,

8、study for为……学习,

9、go out 出去,

10、most of the time大部分时间/绝大多数时间,

11、taste good 尝起来味道好,

12、have a good time玩的开心,

13、of course当然可以,

14、feel like感觉像……/想要,

15、go shopping购物,

16、in the past 在过去,

17、walk around绕……走,

18、too many 太多(可数名词前面),

19、because of 因为,

20、one bowl of 一碗……,

21、find out 查出来/发现 ,

22、go on继续,

23、take photos 照相,

24、something important重要的事情,

25、up and down上上下下,

26、come up出来

三、习惯用法、搭配

1. buy sth. for ab./ buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来……

3. nothing ….but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有

4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来 5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地

6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事

8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事

10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事

12. look + adj 看起来 13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事

14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做…….呢? 15. so + adj + that + 从句 如此……以至于……

16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要) 做某事 17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事

18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事

3.buy anything special 买特别的东西。(P2)

1)buy及物动词,意为“买;购买”。其过去式为______。

拓展:buy sth. for sb.=buy sb. sth. 意为“给某人买某物”。

My uncle_____ _____a bike.= My uncle_____ _____for me.

2)anything不定代词,意为“某事;某件东西”,主要用于疑问句或否定句中。 a.Do you want to buy anything for me? b.I can?t say anything about it.

3) anthing special表示“特别的东西”,形容词修饰不定代词时后置。

Is there________ ________in this book?这本书里有新的内容吗?

4.Oh, did you go anywhere interesting?哦,你去有趣的地方了吗?(P2)

1)本句是did开头的一般疑问句 2)anywhere用作副词,意为“在任何地方”。

eg:Did you go anywhere during the summer vacation?

辨析:anywhere与somewhere

anywhere意为“在任何地方”,常用于否定句和疑问句中。 eg:I can?t find it anywhere.

somewhere意为“在某处;到某处”,常用于肯定句中。 eg:I lost my key somewhere near here.

5.We took quite a few photos there.我们在那里拍了不少照片。(P2)

take photos 意为“照相;拍照”。 eg:We______ ______on the Great Wall.我们在长城上照了相。

辨析:quite a few与quite a little

quite a few 意为“很多;不少”,修饰可数名词复数;

quite a little 意为“很多;不少”,修饰不可数名词。

a. He stays here for _____ _____ _____days.

b.There is _____ _____ _____water in the bottle(瓶子).

6. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax. 我大部分时间只是待在家里读书休息。 (P2)

most of the time意为“大部分时间”,其中most为代词,意为“大部分;大多数”。

拓展most of…意为“……中的大多数”,它作主语时,谓语动词取决于most of后

所修饰的名词。

a. Most of us_____(be)going to the park. 我们大多数人要去公园。

b. Most of the food_____(go)bad. 大部分的食物都变质了。

7.Everything tasted really good!所有的东西尝起来真的很好吃!(P3)

taste在此为系动词,意为“尝起来”,其后接形容词构成系表结构。

a.The food tastes really great.食物尝起来棒极了。

8. Did everyone have a good time?大家都玩得很开心吗?(P3)

have a good time = enjoy oneself = have fun 玩得开心 (+ doing)

eg: We had a good time visiting the the Great Wall.

= We enjoyed ourselves visiting the the Great Wall.= We had fun visiting the the

Great Wall.

9.How did you like it? 你觉得它怎么样?(P3)

How do/did you like……? 意为“你觉得……怎么样?”,用来询问对方的观点或

看法,相当于

What do you think of……?

eg: How do you like your new job? = _____ _____ _____ _____ your new job?

10.Did you go shopping? 你们去购物了吗?(P3)

go shopping意为“去购物;去买东西”,同义短语为do some shopping.

eg: I usually go shopping on Sundays.我通常星期天去购物。

拓展:“go+doing”形式表示“去做某事”,常用于表达从事某一体育活动或休闲活

动。

go skating 去滑冰 go hiking 去 go sightseeing 去观光 go fishing 去钓鱼 go swimming 去游泳 go boating 去划船

11.I went to a friend?s farm in the countryside with my family.我和家人一起去了乡

下一个朋友的农场。(P3)

a friend?s farm是名词所有格形式。

一般情况下,表示“有生命的人或物”的名词后面加?s,表示所属关系。

eg:The red bike is Alice?s. 那辆红色的自行车是爱丽斯的。

拓展:名词所有格的构成:

1)单数名词词尾加?s ,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加?s

the girl ?s pen女孩的钢笔 women?s shoes女鞋 on Children?s

Day

2)复数名词以s结尾的只加 ?

the students? reading room学生阅览室 Teachers? Day教师节

3)如果两个名词并列,并且分别有?s,则表示“分别有”;只后一个名词有一个?s,

则表示“共有”:

John?s and Kate?s rooms. 约翰和凯特(各自)的房间。

Lily and Lucy?s father. 莉莉和露西的爸爸(同一个爸爸)。

4)表示无生命的名词一般以...of...构成短语,表示所有关系。

a map of China一幅中国地图 the name of the story那个故事的

名字

12. Still no one seemed to be bored. (即使这样)仍然没有人看起来无聊。(P3)

1)seem意为“好像;似乎;看来”。

eg:Everything seems easy.一切似乎很容易。

拓展a. seem+adj. “看起来……”。 You seem happy today.你今天看起来很高兴。

b. seem+to do sth. “似乎,好像做某事”。 I seem to have a cold.我似乎感冒了。=It seems that I have a cold.

c. It seems/seemed+从句 “看起来好像…;似乎…”。It seems that no one believes you.看起来好像没有人相信你。

2)辨析:bored与boring

a. bored意为“厌烦的;感到无聊的”,一般在句中修饰人。

b. boring意为“无聊的;令人厌烦的”,一般在句中修饰事或物。

eg:a. I?m ______with what he said.我对他说的话厌烦极了。

b. I find the story very_______.我发现这个故事太无聊了。

(二)Section B

1. What activities do you find enjoyable? 你发现什么活动让人快乐?(P5) enjoyable形容词,意为“愉快的;快乐的”。

I?m sure we will have an enjoyable vacation. 我确信我们将会有一个愉快的假期。

2. I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. 今天早上我和家人到达了马来西亚的槟城。(P5

arrive不及物动词,意为“到达”。arrive in表示到达较大的地方,如国家、省、市等;arrive at表示到达

较小的地方,如机场、商店、广场、村庄等。(注:地点副词home,here,there前介词省略)

辨析:①arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 ②get to +地点 ③reach+地点

eg:I (到达) school at 8:00 o?clock yesterday.

3. …so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel… 因此我们决定到旅馆附近的海滩上去。(P5)

decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”。 eg: They _____ ______ ______the museum.他们决定去参观博物馆。

拓展:decide后常跟“疑问词+动词不定式”做宾语。He can?t decide when ______ _____(leave) 他不能决定何时动身。

4. My sister and I tried paragliding.姐姐和我尝试了滑翔伞运动。(P5)

try此处用作及物动词,其后常接名词、动名词或不定式,意为“尝试;试图,设法;努力”

She is trying my bicycle.她正在试骑我的自行车。

拓展:try也可用作名词,意为“尝试”,常用短语“have a try”,意为“试一试”。 I want to have a try.我想试一试。

辨析:try doing sth. / try to do sth.

1)try doing sth. 尝试做某事,表示一种尝试、做做看的想法,不一定付出很多努力。

2)try to do sth.尽力、设法去做某事,表示想尽一切办法要把事情办成,强调付出努力设法去完成。

a. I ______ ______ him, but no one answered. 我试着给他打电话了,但没有人

接听。

b. I?m ______ ______ ______ English well. 我正尽力把英语学好。

5. I felt like I was a bird. It was so exciting! 我感觉自己就像一只小鸟。太刺激了!(P5)

1)feel like意为“给……的感觉;感受到”。其后常接从句。

eg: He feels like he is swimming. 他感觉像在游泳一样。

拓展:feel like还可意为“想要……”,其后可接名词、代词或动名词。即:

feel like sth. 想要某物 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事

eg:Do you feel like a cup of tea now? 你现在想要一杯茶吗?

Do you feel like ______ (take) a walk in the park with me? 你想跟我在公园散步吗?

2)辨析:exciting与excited

exciting 意为“令人兴奋的,使人激动的”, 一般修饰某物。

excited 意为“感到兴奋的,激动的”, 一般修饰某人。

Eg:a.The story is_________(exciting, excited) .

b.He told me the_______(exciting, excited)news.

c.Sarah was_______(exciting, excited)to see the singer.

6. There are a lot of new buildings now…现在有许多新的建筑物……(P5) building 可数名词,意为“建筑物;楼房”。

build 动词,“建造,建筑” (built,built),

The workers built many tall buildings in our school last year.

7. I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道在这儿过去的生活是什么样的。(P5)

wonder此处是及物动词,意为“想知道;琢磨”。其后常接who, what, why等疑问词引导的宾语从句。

Eg:1.I wonder _______________. 我想知道那个男孩是谁。A. the boy is who B. who the boy is

2. I wonder what they were doing here.我想知道他去哪里了。

8.I really enjoyed walking around the town. 我真的很喜欢在镇上到处走走。 (P5)

1)enjoy及物动词,意为“喜爱;欣赏;享受……的乐趣”,其后接名词,代词或动名词作宾语。

a. Do you enjoy your job? 你喜欢你的工作吗?

b. I enjoy reading books. 我喜欢读书。(enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事)

拓展: enjoy oneself =have a good time = have fun 玩得开心 (+ doing sth.)

2)walk around 意为“四处走走”。He?s just walking around the village.他只是在村庄里随便走走。

9. What a difference a day makes! 一天的变化有多大呀! (P5)

difference可数名词,意为“差别,差异” ;其形容词形式为different,意为“不同的;有差异的”。

Eg: a. What is the difference between this book and that book?

b. My schoolbag is different from yours. ( be different from 意为“与……不同”)

10. We wanted to walk up to the top , but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train.(P5)

1)want to do sth. 意为“想要做某事”。

2)start doing sth. 意为“开始做某事”,同义短语:start to do sth.

Eg: Tom started learning English last year.

3)a little 意为“一点儿”,在句中修饰动词、形容词或副词。也可以修饰不可数名词。

Eg: a. I can draw a little, but only as a hobby. ______________________________ b. It?s a little cold outside. ______________________________

c. He can speak a little English. ______________________________

4) take the train意为“乘火车”,take在此意为“乘坐”。

11.We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people. 因为人太多,所以我们等了一个

多小时的火车。(P5)

1)wait for意为“等候”,其后可接人或物。

Tom was waiting for a bus over there.

2)over介词,意为“多于;超过” ,相当于more than。

Eg : My father is over 40 years old.

There are over eight hundred students in our school.

3) too many意为“太多”,其后接可数名词复数。 He always has too many questions to ask me.

辨析:too many + 可数名词复数 意为“太多... ”

too much + 不可数名词 意为“太多... ”

much too + 形容词 /副词 意为“太... ”

eg:I have homework to do today. The weather today is ______ _______ cold.

12.And because of the bad weather, we couldn?t see anything below.而且因为坏天气,我们也没能看到下面的

任何景色(P5)

辨析:because of与because

a. because of意为“因为,由于”,后可接名词(短语)、代词或动名词,不能接句子。 He lost his job because of his age.

b. because意为“因为”,引导状语从句,即接句子。

I didn?t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.

13. My father didn?t bring enough money… 我爸爸没带足够的钱……(P5)

1)辨析:bring与take

bring意为“带来;拿来”, 指从别处带到说话者所在地。

take意为“拿走;带走”, 指从说话者所在地带到别处去。

2)enough 意为“足够的,充分的”

1.用来修饰形容词或副词,一般置于被修饰词之后。

2.用来修饰名词时放在名词之前。

Eg:a. We have enough time to do our homework.

b. The box is big enough.

14. …because we forgot to bring an umbrella… 因为我们忘了带雨伞。(P6) 辨析:forget to do sth.与forget doing sth.

forget to do sth. 意为“忘记要做某事(事情还没做)” eg: Don?t forget to

close the window.

forget doing sth. 意为“忘记做过某事(事情已经做过了)” eg: I forget closing the window.

15. About one hour later, we stopped and drank some tea. 大约一小时后,我们停下来喝了些茶。(P6)

1)one hour later 一小时后 ; 一小时前__________________

2)stop动词,意为“停止;中断”,过去式_________,现在分词__________;

3)drink及物动词,意为“喝;饮”; 还可以作名词,意为“饮料”。

16. Did you dislike anything? 你不喜欢什么东西吗?(P7)

dislike意为“不喜欢;厌恶”,其后可接名词、代词或动名词形式作宾语。 Eg:a. Mary ______ the hamburgers. 玛丽不喜欢汉堡包。

b. I _____ ______ computer 我不喜欢玩电脑游戏。

17. Why not? 为什么不带呀?(P8)

why not意为“为什么不呢”,一般用在疑问句中,表示提建议;why not后面需跟动词原形。

注“Why not + 动词原形?” 相当于“Why don?t you+ 动词原形?”

a. Why not go to the party with me? =Why don?t you go to the party with me?为什么不和我一起去参加聚会呢?

b._____ _____ take a walk? = _____ ______ _____ take a walk? 为什么不去散步呢?

18.Everyone in our class took a bag with some food and water. 我们班上的每一个人都随身带了装有食物和水的提袋。(P8)

with介词,意为“具有;带有”。 此处介词短语with some food and water作bag的后置定语。

拓展:with作介词时的其他用法:

a.“和……一起’ I often go to school ______ my friend. 我经常和朋友们一起去上学。

b. 以(手段、材料),用(工具), Cut the apple with a knife. 用刀切苹果。

19. My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop. 我的双腿太累了以至于我都想停下来。(P8)

so…that… / such…that…(如此…以致)引导的结果状语从句

so+adj./adv.+that…

Eg:1. He is ____lovely a boy____we love him very much.

2. The little boy is so young that he can’t go to school.

20. 常用的感叹句的结构:

1)What +adj.+ 复数名词 / 不可数名词+主语+谓语!

2)What +a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!

3)How +adj. +a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!

4)How+adj./adv. +主语+谓语!

eg: 1.What an interesting book it is! = How interesting a book is! 那本书多么有趣啊!

2.____a clever girl she is! A.Who B.What C.How

D.Where

3. _____clever a girl she is! A.Who B.What C.How

D.Where

4._____important jobs they have done! A.What B.Who C.How D.Where

5._____sweet water it is! A.Who B.What C.Where D. How

6._____interesting the dog is! A.Who B.What C. Where D. How

21. My classmates told me to keep going, so I went on. 我的同学告诉我坚持往前走,因此我便继续前

进了(P8)

1)tell sb. (not)to do sth. 意为“告诉某人(不要)做某事。

The teacher ______ ______ ______ ______ the window just now. 老师刚才告诉我们擦窗户。

2)keep doing sth. 意为“继续做某事,一直做某事”。

She______ ______ TV for two hours last night. 昨晚她持续看了两个小时的电视。

23. Everyone jumped up and down in excitement. 大家都兴奋地跳起来。(P8)

up and down 意为“上上下下;来来回回”,在句中作状语。

Eg:They looked me ______ ______ ______. 他们上上下下打量我。 He walks______ ______ ______ in the room. 他在房间里来回走动。

22. 反身代词:myself , ourselves, yourself , yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves.

作动词或介词的宾语:经常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, dress, kill等动词和by, for, to, of等介词后作宾语。一年主考宾语回自身

e is teaching 她在自学英语。

was talking to.她自言自语。

他独自住在乡下。

1) Help yourself! 请随便吃吧!/请自己去取吧!

2) Make yourself at home! 别客气!

3) make yourself heard /understood. 使你的话被人听得见/理解

4) teach oneself 自学=learn by oneself

5) by oneself 独自

6) for oneself 为自己;替自己

7) enjoy oneself 玩的愉快

8) dress oneself 给自己穿衣

23.few, little, a few, a little :的用法few, a few修饰可数名词,little, a little修饰不可数名词。few, little具有否定意义,表示“几乎没有”,a few, a little具有肯定意义,表示“一些”。

He has little money, but few students want to lend money to him.他几乎没有钱,但是几乎没有学生想借钱给他。

There is a little milk and a few apples left in the fridge.冰箱里还有一些牛奶和一些苹果。

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