高中英语必修五 Unit 1: 重点短语

put forward draw a conclusion be/get under control expose … to … be to blame blame sb. for sth. in addition link...to... die of/from lead to make sense apart from contribute to be enthusiastic about be curious about point of view （be）strict with sb. look into thousands of be determined to do

重点句子

1. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London – so famous, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician..

2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.

3. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people lived.

4. He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found.

5. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.

6. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.

To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of

all the water supplies be examined.

7. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky 第 1 页

make sense（有意义）.

8. Yet Copernicus? theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.

9. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.

10. … he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the

Broad Street outbreak.

11. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him ….

12. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.

13. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going

round it and only the moon still going round the earth.

14. … , so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.

15. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God?s idea and people who supported it would be attacked.

重点词汇

1、put forward: 提出（计划、建议等）；将?提前；把钟表拨快

put away: 收起来；贮存，储蓄

put down: 放下；写下，记下

put off: 推迟；延期

put on: 穿上；增加；上演（戏剧）

put up: 张贴；撑开（帐篷）

put on weight: 增加了体重

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put on a new play: 上演新戏剧

put up a poster: 张贴海报

put up a tent: 搭起帐篷

2、conclude: vt. 作结论，断定 conclusion: n. 结论

The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪审团认定他有罪。

★ draw a conclusion 作出结论

3、defeat vt. 打败, 击败, 战胜； 使(希望, 计划等)失败, 挫败; 阻挠, 使无效

defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指“军事上的胜利”。

conquer指“征服”、”战胜”,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”。 overcome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言。

defeat the enemy 打败敌人 conquer nature 征服自然。

overcome difficulties 克服困难

4. attend: v.

1) to be present at; go to (meeting, conference, lecture...) 出席；参加

2) to look after, care for, serve 照顾；看护。

3）to go with 伴随

He decided to attend the meeting himself. 他决定亲自赴会。

Which doctor is attending to (on) you? 哪位医生护理你？

The work was attended with much difficulty.这项工作带来许多困难。

5、expose...to... 把。。。暴露给。。。

Don't expose your skin to the sun for too long.

They had to be exposed to the enemy's gunfire.他们只得冒着敌人的炮火。 第 3 页

6、blame sb. for sth. 因为某事责备某人

★ be to blame: 应受责备，应负责任

Who is to blame for the mistake？这个错误应归咎于谁？

He blamed the boy for his mistake.

7、in addition: 除此之外，另外, 意思相当于 besides, what's more. in addition to：除?之外，还有?，表示递进关系。

except: 除?之外，表示在整体中排除，

besides：表示“除了??以外，还有??”，与in addition to 同义。 beside : 在?旁边。表示方位。

The company provided the workers with free lunch in addition to paid holidays. 这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期，还有免费午餐。

I paid 100 Yuan in addition. 我又付了 100 元。

In addition to English, he has to study a second language.

除了英语以外，他还要学习第二外国语。

Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外, 所有人都收到了请柬. Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.王先生也去了。 We all agreed besides him.我们都同意, 他也同意。

Lily sits beside me in class. 莉莉在班上做我旁边

同义句转换

1）He speaks French as well as English.

He speaks French in addition to/besides English.

2) Apart from the salary, it?s not a bad job.

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In addition to/Except the salary, it?s not a bad job.

8、announce vt 公布；宣告 make an announcement 宣告 announce one?s decision 宣布...的决定

9、absorb vt. absorbed adj. 专心的，全神贯注的

1) 吸收 A sponge absorbs water. 海绵吸水。

2）专心于

10、challenge

★ be absorbed in （doing）sth: 专心于。。。，全神贯注地干。。。 The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. n. 挑战; 挑战书; 邀请比赛; 要求决斗 vt. 向...挑战, 要求, 怀疑 ; vi. 挑战, 对(证据等)表示异议 meet the serious challenge 面对严峻挑战 第 5 页

Unit 2:

重点短语

consist of to one?s surprise break away from break down make a list of in memory of feel proud of refer to link … to …. on special occasions take the place of leave out

have an influence on at your convenience as well

in / with relation to under construction to their credit

find out on show feel proud of

重点句子

1. It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.

2. You find most of the population settled in the south.

3. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.

4. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London .

5. It looked splendid when first built.

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6. What interested her most was the longitude line.

7. … so Pingyu had photo taken standing on either side of the line.

8. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have

lived and died in London.

9. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at ….

10. They followed St Paul?s Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666.

11. To their credit, the four countries do work together in some areas …… 重点词汇

1、 consist of ＝ be made up of 由??组成 (没有进行时）

2、 separate ... from... (把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来）

divide...into... 把?分开 （把整体分为若干部分）

3、debate about sth. 就......进行辩论 debate /argue/ quarrel

They debate about the proposal for three days.

4、clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )become clear or easier to understand

澄清；阐明;清楚；明了

I hope what I say will clarify the situation.

5、 be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 连接

★ link A to B 将A和B连接起来

6、refer to

1)提及，指的是??

When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?

2) 参考；查阅；询问

Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.

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3) 关系到；关乎；与...有关 What I have to say refers to all of you. This rule refers to everyone. reference: n. 参考reference books参考书

7、to one's surprise (prep) 使。。。大为惊讶的是

“to one's + 名词” 表 “令某人??”

常见的名词有 “delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等 I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale. To John's great relief they reached the house at last.

8、 ... found themselves united peacefully

“find +宾语＋宾补( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介词短语；不定式）”

A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. You'll find him easy to get along with.

They found themselves trapped by the bush fire.

When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.

I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.

9、get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做??.

I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come.

get + n. + to do You'll get her to agree.

get + n. + doing I'll get the car going.

get（sth) done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生，意为“被??.”

10、break away (from sb / sth) 脱离；破除?break away from bad habits.

11、break down (会谈)破裂，失败；(汽车等)出故障；

(人的健康状况)变得恶劣；（情感）失控

His health broke down under the pressure of work.

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He broke down and wept when he heard the news.

Talks between the two countries have completely broken down. His car broke down on the way to work this morning. break in 闯入；打岔

break off 中断，折断

break into 闯入

break out 爆发;发生

break up 驱散；分散，拆散

12、as well as 不仅?而且；既?又?

13、convenience: n.方便；便利 convenient: adj.

We bought this house for its convenience.

If it?s convenient to you, I?ll call you at midnight.

14、attraction: attract: vt.

1). 吸引；引力(不可数 n.) attraction of gravitation 重力

2). 吸引人的东西；喜闻乐见的东西；精彩节目(可数 n.) He can't resist the attraction of the sea on a hot day.

A big city offers many and varied attractions.

What are the principle attractions this evening?

15、influence

1) v. 对?产生影响

What influence you to choose a career in teaching?

2) 可数n.产生影响的人或事

He is one of the good influences in the school.

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3) (不可数n.) 影响

A teacher has great influence over his pupils.

Unit 3:

重点短语

take up in all directions lose sight of/ catch sight of in no time sweep up get / be caught in

depend on speed up give off

as a result suffer from be similar to

in no time on one?s feet be supposed to do

plenty of be previous to compare … with/to …

for health reasons jet lag under repair

search for as though show sb around

be disposed of make an impression on because of

used to do

重点句子

1. The air seemed thin as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.

2. Why not sit down and rest? = Why don?t you sit down and rest?

3. I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year.

4. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today.

5. I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market 第 10 页

because of too much carriages flying by in all directions.

6. I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to ….

7. Well-known for their expertise, his parents? company , called “Future Tours”, transported me safely into ….

Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.

I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the earth?s gravity.

重点词汇

1、 impression n. 印记；印象；感想；

后接 of sb./ of sth./ on sb./ that 从句；

My first impression of him was favourable.他给我的第一印象不错。 I got the impression that they were unhappy about the situation.

我觉得他们不满于当时的状况。

2、impress vt.给??留下深刻的印象；使铭记；使感动；

impress sth. on/upon sb.

impress sb. with sth. 给??留下深刻的印象；使铭记；

It impressed me that she remembered my name.

令我佩服的是她记得我的名字。

3、remind vt.提醒；使想起；reminder n.提醒物；引起回忆的事物

remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事；

remind sb.＋(that)/wh-从句 提醒某人??；使某人想起??；

remind sb. about/of sth. 使某人想起或意识到??；提醒某人某事

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I'm sorry, but I've forgotten your name, can you remind me?

很抱歉，我记不起你的名字，你能提醒我一下吗？

You remind me of your father when you say that.

你说这样的话使我想起了你的父亲。

4、constantly adv.始终；一直；重复不断地 constantly change不断变化 constant adj.连续发生的；不断的；重复的；

5、previous adj.先前的；以往的；（时间上）稍前的

previously adv. 先前地；早先

No previous experience is necessary for this job.这工作无需相关的经验 I couldn't believe it when I heard the news. I had only seen him the

previous day.听到这个消息时我不敢相信，我就在前一天还见到过他 The building had previously been used as a hotel. 早先曾用作旅馆。

6、 bend vt.（bent bent）弯曲；使弯曲；弯腰；弯身；

bend one's mind/efforts to sth. 致力于某事；

bend sb.to sth. 迫使；说服

bend the truth 歪曲事实

bent one?s head 低下头

7、press vt. 压；按；推；挤；坚持；敦促

n. 报章杂志，新闻工作者，新闻界

She pressed a handkerchief to his nose. 她用手绢捂住鼻子。

She pressed down hard on the gas pedal. 她用力踩下油门踏板。 He is still pressing her claim for compensation. 他仍坚持索赔。

The press was/were not allowed to attend the trial. 庭审谢绝新闻采访。 第 12 页

8、 switch 用作n表示“开关；转换”。用作vi,vt表示“转换”。 She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first

child was born. 第一个孩子出生后，她就由全日工作改为非全日工作。 Press these two keys to switch between documents on screen. 按这两个键就可以在屏幕上的文件之间进行切换。 I can't work next week, will you switch with me?

下个周末我不能上班，咱俩换个班好不好？

9、 lack n. & v. 用作名词，表示：“缺乏；短缺”；

用作动词，表示：“缺乏；短缺；没有；不足”。 lacking adj. 缺乏；没有；匮乏；不足

a lack of food /money/skills 缺乏食物/金钱/技能

The trip was cancelled through lack of interest.

因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。

He lacks confidence. 他缺乏信心。

10、 surroundings n.[pl.] 环境； surround vt. 围绕；环绕

surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的

Everyone likes to work in pleasant surroundings.

人人都喜欢在愉快的环境中工作。

11、 catch/gain/get sight of 发现，看出

lose sight of 看不见,忘记

lose one's sight 失明

at first sight 一见就；乍看起来

At first sight, the problem seems easy.

第 13 页

at (the) sight of 一看见就??

At the sight of the teacher, the boy ran away.

be in sight 看得见，在眼前 The island is still in sight. out of sight 看不见 Out of sight, out of mind.

12、 take up

1）to fill or use an amount of space or time 占用（时间）；占据（空间）

2）to learn to or start to do sth 开始做（某项工作）；开始从事

3）to accept sth. that is offered or available 接受（建议或能得到的东西） The table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地儿。

They have taken up golf. 他们学起打高尔夫球来了。

She took up his offer of a drink. 他请她喝一杯，她接受了。 He takes up his duties next week. 他下周就要开始履行职责。

13、sweep up 打扫；清扫；横扫；涌向；快速地抱起

He swept up the baby up into his arms. 他一把将孩子抱进怀里。

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Unit 4:

重点短语

on one?s own be eager to do sth concentrate on

accuse…of go on a story cover a story make sure ahead of have a good ?nose? for sth

be supposed to tell the truth keep in mind

inform … of take notes depend on

so as to look forward to make an appointment with set (out)to do pass… on to…

重点句子

1. Never will ZY forget his first assignment at the office of China Daily.

Only if you asked many different questions will you acquire all the

information you need to know.

Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course

at university to update my skills.

2. This is how the story goes.

3. Have you ever had a case where somebody accused your journalists

of getting the wrong end of the stick?

第 15 页

4. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.

5. … Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style.

6. He knows how to do it.

重点词汇

1、 concentrate vi. 聚精会神，集中思想，多与 on 和 upon 或连用 Concentrate on your work. 集中精神工作。

A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.

Industrial development is being concentrated in the west of the country. 这个国家的西部正集中发展工业。

2、 acquire vt. 获得, 学到，取得，拥有 acquired, acquiring

She acquired a knowledge of the English by careful study.

她认真学习而精通英语。

Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are an acquired taste and are not

in born.抽烟喝酒往往是一种后来习得的嗜好，并不是生来就有的。

3、 accuse sb. of （doing ）sth. 指责，指控 accused, accusing

The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他谋杀。

She accused him lying. 她指责他说谎.

He was wrongly accused of stealing. 他误遭控告犯偷盗罪.

4. be of interest/ importance, value, use, help, ...

= interesting/important/valuable/useful/helpful...

This is a matter of great importance. 这是一件非常重要的事。

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The book is of great value to me. 这本书对我来说有很大价值。

There is nothing interesting/of interest in today's newspaper.

5、journalist n.新闻记者；新闻工作者

He is a professional journalist. 他是一位专门的新闻从业人员

6、 delighted a. 高兴的, 快乐的

delight n（c). 高兴, 愉快 ； vt. 使高兴, 乐于；

vi. 感到高兴(或愉快、快乐)

I am really delighted. 我真的很高兴。

Singing is her chief delight. 唱歌是她的主要爱好。

take delight in 喜爱, 以...为乐

find delight in 喜爱, 以...为乐

have delight in 喜爱, 以...为乐

to sb.'s delight 令人高兴的是...

7、assist n. 帮助, 协助； vt. 帮助, 促进； vi. 协助, 参加

assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人[做某事]

assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人[做某事]

assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人[做某事]

◆ 区别: help, aid, assist 都含"帮助"、"援助"的意思。

1) help 系常用词, 意义较aid, assist 强, 指"以积极态度给予各方面的帮助", 强调"受助者得到帮助或好处", 并着重"受助者对帮助的需要"。

Please help me arrange these papers.请帮我整理这些文件。

2) aid 属较正式用语, 强调"帮助受助者脱离困难或危险", 有时意味着"强者援助弱者"。 They aided flood victims.他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。

第 17 页

3) assist正式用语, 多指"在提供帮助时, 帮助者起次要或起协助作用"。 She assisted him in his experiments.她协助他做实验。

8、 case n. 情况，事实 Is that the case？是这么回事吗？

a hard case 无可救药或顽固不化的人; 难对付的人、处境困难 或可怜的人、难办的事; 难治之症、古里古怪、 冒冒失失的家伙

as is often the case 这是常有的事

in any case 无论如何, 总之

in case of 万一..., 如果发生...

in no case 决不

in that case 假如那样的话，在那种情况下 in this case 假如这样的话

It is not the case? 情况不是这样; 并非事实。

This is not the case? 情况不是这样; 并非事实。

That is not the case? 情况不是这样; 并非事实。

just in case 以防(万一)

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Unit 5：

重点短语

first aid get injured/burnt protect…against depend on over and over again in place fall ill sense of touch put one?s hands on make a difference electric shock take off

present sb. with sth. a number of cut off

重点句子

1. Burns are called first degree, second degree or third degree burns

depending on which layers of the skins are burnt.

2. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.

3. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily

4. There is no doubt that John?s quick thinking and the first aid skills

he learned at school saved Ms Slade?s life.

5. If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible.

Remove clothing using scissors if necessary.

6. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires.

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7. … but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives. 重点词汇

1、 first aid 的意思是“急救”。

first aid to the injured 给予伤员的急救

give/offer aid 援助

come to sb's aid 帮助某人

teaching aids 教具

medical aid 医疗救护

with the aid of 借助于

2、get injured 受伤

在现代英语中大量地出现了由“get + 及物动词过去分词”构成的 被动语态，这叫 get - 型被动语态。

The computer got (was)damaged when we were moving.

我们搬家的时候，电脑碰坏了。

My bike is getting (is being)repaired row. 我的自行车正在修理。

3、 protect 动词，“保护、维护”，

常用于句式“protect + 名词 + against/from + 名词”。

He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 他带着太阳镜以挡强烈的阳光。

protect + 名词 + against/from + 名词

keep... from... 不让/避免

stop... (from) ... 阻止

prevent...(from) ... 妨碍/防止

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disable... from... 使??失去（能力/资格）

save... from... 挽救、拯救

4、depend on 取决于，依靠，信赖，指望。

The amount you pay depends on where you live.

你付多少取决于你住哪里。

depend on 依靠，依赖His family depends on him他的一家全靠他养活

depend on依赖，信任We are depending on you to finish the job by Friday. 我们相信你在星期五前能完成这项工作。

depend on sb to do sth 依靠、指望。。。做。。。

5、squeeze vt意思是“榨取”、“挤出”squeeze an orange 榨橘子汁

squeeze + 名词 + out(of/from) + 名词: 从。。。榨取。。。

Those blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of him.

那些勒索者打算向他榨取更多的钱。

6、over and over again 再三地

I?ve told you over and over again not to do that.我再三告诫你不要那样做

7、 hurt 既可作及物动词，作“伤害”、“使受伤”解，也可作不及物动词，作“疼痛”、“感到疼痛”解。既可表达身体的受伤，也可以表达情感的伤害。 The little boy has fallen off a ladder and hurt himself.

小男孩从梯子上摔了下来 受了伤。 The driver hurt himself in the accident. 司机在事故中受了伤。

8、 unless 除非??；如果不??。

9、icy adj. 冰凉的 -y 是个形容词后缀。

windy 有风的 hilly 多小山的 sleepy 困倦的 第 21 页

greeny 略呈绿色 spicy 辛辣的 woody 树木茂密的 thirsty 饥渴的 dirty 脏的 snowy 下雪的

10、 in place 放在适当的地方。

The librarian put the returned books in place.

图书管理员把还回的图书放到原处。

You'd better put things back in place.Otherwise, it will be difficult to find things. 你最好把你的东西各就各位，不然很难找。

11、 sense n. 感觉

sense of touch 触觉 sense of sight 视觉

sense of hearing 听觉 sense of smell 嗅觉

sense of humour 幽默感 sense of beauty 美感 sense of hunger 饥饿感 the sixth sense 第六感

12、 variety n. 多样, 种类

various a. 不同的, 各种的, 多方面的, 许多的

★ a variety of? 各种各样??

Everyone arrived late at the party for various reasons.

由于种种原因,每个人赴会都迟到了。

第 22 页

重点单词

characteristics environment analyze expert instruct deliver extra physician spread remove attend evidence pollute foresee cure handle pump challenge neighborhood victim affect valuable source face frighten severe attack gather solve confuse absorb suspected multiply clue enquiry investigation announce movement Unit I Vocabulary universe reject against theory privately create encourage replace enthusiastic gradually ignore cautious arise punish backward solar knowledge

重点单词:

Unite divide puzzle clarify relation legal convenience attraction collection architecture influence project arrange wedding fold sightseeing available delight uniform statue

thrill unfair smart suggestion province clarify accomplish evidence connect countryside describe conflict port unwilling administration Unit II Vocabulary 第 23 页

government institution solid remain industrial roughly zone population construct combine collection castle worthwhile available

expand competition invader enjoyable imaginary plus treasure introduce description error possibility splendid original furnish guard display quarrel tense consistent

Unit III Vocabulary

重点单词

vehicle carriage mud temple private location settlement impression constantly require remind guide previous tablet capsule opening surrounding lack ache mask bend press swiftly master flash switch optimistic pessimistic opportunity length alien enormous imitate extraordinary helmet assist agency skip prize transport stewardess tolerate adjustment fasten switch spread timetable relax exhausted citizen typist typewriter postage postcode button friendly fault blame observe explanation waste greedy recycle swallow available material absorb efficiency manufacture perform goods representative wander motivation

Unit IV Vocabulary

重点单词

Photograph photographer edit edition editor article journalist eager assignment whisper acquire meanwhile trade case gifted deliberately guilty technical thorough chief defend crime normal combine senior accurate employ polish scoop 第 24 页

demand approve process intention senior admirable bribe deny challenge detailed colleague experienced unusual professional amateur deadline headline interview appointment dilemma prove concise skeptical publish arrange trick update submit delighted influence assistant assess evidence suggest damages department realize

Unit V Vocabulary

重点单词

aid injury burn organ skin poison bleed wound treatment disease tissue symptom choke blood swell swollen mild infect throat wrist iron electric ray radiation scene sleeve honor damage squeeze damp sense serious severe liquid imagine complex apply

ceremony bravery pressure include cupboard pan stove scissors basin kettle temporary host degree barrier essential vital function victim tightly extremely surface blouse shocking scream pressure pour affect unbearable award

高中英语必修5短语、重点句子

Unit 1 Great scientists

I. Phrases

1. put forward 提出

2. draw a conclusion 得出结论

3. be/get under control 在??控制下 4. be absorbed in 专心 5. be to blame 应该受责备 （用主动形式表示被动） blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人 6. in addition 也，另外，此外

be/get out of control失去控制不能操纵 in addition to 除了...以外(包括在内） 第 25 页

7. link...to... 将?和?连接或联系起来 exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮8. die of 因?而死亡（内因） die from 因?而死亡（外因） 9. lead to 导致，通向 10. make sense 有意义，说得通 11. apart from 除?之外，此外 12. contribute to 为?作贡献或捐款， 导致，有助于 13. be enthusiastic about 对?热情 14. be curious about 对?好奇

助患病的普通老百姓，特别是那些得了霍乱的患者时，他就感到很振奋。 3. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。

4. He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found. 他知道，在找到病源之前，疫情是无法控制的。

15. cure sb. of illness 治好某人?病 5. He got interested in two theories 16. point of view 态度，观点，看法 explaining how cholera killed people.霍17.（be）strict with sb.对某人要求严格 II. Sentences

1. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London – so famous, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.约翰?斯诺曾经是伦敦一位著名的医生――他的确太负盛名了，所以维多利亚女皇生孩子时都是他去照料，帮助她顺利分娩。 2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people

乱之所以能致人于死地，当时有两种看法，斯诺对这两种推测都很感兴趣。 6. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。 7. He believed in the second theory but needed to prove he was correct.他相信第二种说法但是需要证明他是正确的 8. It seemed that the water was to blame. 看来要归罪于饮用水了。

第 26 页

9. Immediately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used.约翰?斯诺马上叫宽街上惊惶失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。 10. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.

只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天I. Phrases

1. consist of 由??组成 2. divide?into? 把??分成 3. at war (with?) （与??）交战中 4. break away ( from? )

挣托（束缚）；脱离 5. educational / legal system 教育 / 立法制度 6. have a good / bad influence on ? 对??有好/ 坏影响 7. take the place of 代替 II. Sentences:

1. There is no need to debate any more why different words are used to describe the

空中其它行星的运动才能说得清楚。 11. But only his new theory could do that.但只有他的新理论才能作出解释。 12. Yet Copernicus? theory is now the base on which all our ideas of the universe are built.

然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙赖以建立的基础。

Unit 2 The United Kingdom

8. break down (机器)破坏，损坏；（人）身体出毛病；（计划等）受挫，失败 9. make an error 出错 10. leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑 11. puzzle over / about 为?烦恼，困扰 12. debate sth. with sb.

与某人讨论、争辩 13. at your convenience 在你方便时候 14. in / with relation to （介）关于??； 和??相关 15. under construction 在建设中

第 27 页

four countries. 对于用来描述这四个国家的词语，现在已经没有争辩的必要了。

2. To their surprise, the three countries found themselves united peacefully instead of by war. 这三个国家惊奇地发现他们是和平地而没有通过战争联合起来了。

3. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.

如果你想要使你的英国之旅不虚此行，你就必须把眼睛睁得大大的。

4. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London .

由于担心时间不够，张萍玉早就把她想在伦敦参观的地点列了一张单子。

5. It looked splendid when first built. 刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌。

6. What interested her most was the longitude line. 她最感兴趣的是那条经线。

7. Come and see me whenever it is convenient to you. 只要你方便，随时都可以来。 Unit 3 Life in the Future

I. Phrases

1. make a deep/strong impression on sb.

给某人留下深刻印象

impress sb. with sth.= impress sth. on sb.

使人记住某事

2. take up

拿起/占用/接受/开始/从事/继续/选修

speed up 加速 come up 过来 eat up 吃光 sit up 熬夜 / 坐正 turn up 出现 / 开大(音/水量) 3. remind sb. of sth. 使某人回想起 某事 /提醒某人某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒人去做某事 remind sb. that ? 提醒某人?? sweep up 打扫 / 横扫 /掠过 4. as a result (of?) 结果 use up 用光 5. suffer from 遭受 第 28 页

6. be similar to 和?相似 7. keep doing sth. 一直做某事

19. bend the rules 变通,放宽 20. on earth 究竟，到底

8. the six of us 我们六人（共六人） 21. be under repair 在维修中 9. by/ for /through +( the / a ) lack of? 由于??的缺乏 be lacking in 缺乏(品质 /特点) lack for ? 缺乏?? 10. in no time 很快,立刻

22. search for ? 寻找 23. assist sb. in /with sth. = assist sb. in doing sth. = assist sb. to do sth.

帮忙,协助某人去做某事

11. on one’s feet从病痛、挫折中)复原 24. go soft 变软 12. in all directions 四面八方 13. Sb. lose / catch sight of ?. 看不见 / 看见 Sb. / Sth. be in / out of sight 看得见 / 看不见 at first sight 第一眼 at the sight of? 一看见??就??

25. speak in whisper 低声地说 26. be optimistic about ? 对??乐观 27. switch on / off the power 开 /关电源 28.explain to sb. sth.

= explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事 29. give off 发出（光/热等）

14. provided A with B 向A提供B 30. get / be caught in ? 被困在??中 15. plenty of + [u] / [c] 许多 16. be previous to ? 早于?? 17. compare A with B 把A与B作比较 compare A to B 把A与B作比较， 把A比喻作B 18. for health reasons 出于健康原因

31. require sb. to do sth. =require that sb. (should ) do sth. 要求某人做某事 Sth. require doing / to be done 某物需要被 32. be supposed to do 应该

第 29 页

33. be equipped with ? 装备有?? 34. be essential for / to ?

对......是必要的 II. Sentences:

1. Think about how many changes there have been in the last one thousand years .想想近一千年来有多少变化。 2. What problems do you think people in the future will have overcome? 你认为，未来的人将已克服了什么问题？ 3.The air seemed thin as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. 空气似乎很稀薄，好像在混合的气体中剩下的氧气很少。 4. Why not sit down and rest? = Why don?t you sit down and rest? 为什么不坐下休息呢？ I. Phrases

1. be curious about 对??感到好奇 2.be to do 必将 / 将要 / 应该 3.go out on a story 外出采访 4. on one’s own 独自，自己 of one’s own 自己的??

5. concentrate on 集中精力于?? 6. be of interest = be interesting 有趣的 7. bring ?with ? 随身携带 8. have a nose for? 对??非常敏感 9. depend on 依赖，依靠，指望 10. a trick of the trade 职业诀窍 5. What three visits would you ask to go on if you were Li Qiang ? 如果你是李强，你想去哪三个地方看看？ 6. Neither of these creatures is easy to talk to.

这两种生物都不容易与之交谈。 7. The dimpods have so many arms and legs that you can?t tell which is which. “丁波兹”有这么多的臂和腿，以致你无法区分哪些是手臂哪些是腿。 8. Everyone will get twice as much personal space as in flats on land.每个人都将得到陆上公寓两倍的个人空间。 Unit 4 Making the News

第 30 页

11. accuse sb. of sth.

23. be / get absorbed in

= charge sb. with sth. 指控某人做某事 专心于，集中精力于 12. so as to do sth. (句中) 为了?? 24. in turn 依次，逐个地 13. be supposed to have done 理应当 / 被认为做过某事 14. look forward to (doing) sth.

25. defend?against? 为某人辩护 26. note down 记下 27.cover sth. 报道某事

盼望做某事 28. interview sb. 采访某人 15. be eager to do sth. /for sth. 渴望做??/?? 16. get the wrong end of the stick 完全搞错了 17. tell the whole truth 说出全部真相

29. do some research on? 对??做调查 30. work on 从事 31. last of all 最后 32. on purpose / by accident

18. ahead of 在??前头 故意地 / 偶然,意外地 19. set (out)to do/ set about doing 着手做某事 20. pass? on to?

把??传递给?? 21. make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会，预约 22. polish the style 润色语言风格 II. Sentences:

1. （倒装）Never will ZY forget his first assignment at the office of China Daily. 周阳永不会忘记他在《中国日报》报社当记者的首次任务。

33. arrange an interview (with sb. ) 安排采访 34. stick to 坚持 35. A rather than B A 而不是B 36. account for 解释 37. through sb.’s analysis 通过某人的分析

第 31 页

2.（倒装）Only when you have seen what he or she does, can you cover a story by yourself.

3. ( There’s ) No need for a camera ! 没必要带相机。

4．（倒装）Not only am I interested in photography, but I took a course at university, so it’s actually of special interest to me.对摄影我不仅感兴趣，在大学我还专修过摄影，因此，我的确对摄影特别感兴趣。 5．This is how the story goes. 事情是这样的。

6．Have you ever had a case where somebody accused your reporters of getting the wrong end of the stick?

你是否有这样的情况：有人控告你手下的记者的报道完全失实？ Unit 5 First aid I.Phrases

1. give / offer / do first aid to sb 2. perform / carry out first aid on sb. 对某人实施急救 3. fall ill 生病 4. get injured / infected / burned

受伤 / 感染 / 烧伤 5. save one’s life 挽救某人生命 6. sense of touch 触觉 7. electric shock 触电；电休克 8. take off 脱下；（飞机）起飞 9. squeeze out 榨出；挤出

10. over and over again 反复；多次 11. in place 在适当的位置；适当 12. put one’s hands on 找到 13. present sb. with sth.

=present sth. to sb.赠予/ 给予某人某物 14. a piece of jewellery 一件珠宝 15. cause / do damage to?. 使??受到危害/ 损害 16. a number of +n. (pl. ) 若干；许多 17. stick sth. to? 贴在??.上 18. make a difference 区别，有关系 II. Sentences:

第 32 页

1. Burns are called first degree, second degree or third degree burns depending on which layers of the skins are burnt.根据皮肤烧伤的层次而有一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。

2. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.约翰正在房里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。

3. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily.

她躺在前花园的地上，流血不止。 4. There is no doubt that Jon?s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade?s life. 毫无疑问，是敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术，使得斯莱德女士的生命得救了。

5. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference .这说明了急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。 6. If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. 如果烧伤的部位在臂部或腿部，可能

的话，就要把他们抬高到高于心脏的位置。

第 33 页

必修五语法：一、过去分词

过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。它在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。这节课讲解作定语、表语的用法。

1. 作定语

作定语的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语，一般放在被修饰词的后面。例如：

There are many fallen leaves on the ground.

This is a book written by a worker.

2. 作表语

过去分词作表语,多表示主语所处的状态。

I was pleased at the news.

The door remained locked.

过去分词作表语，相当于形容词，常见的有：

delighted, disappointed, astonished, interested, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, excited, married 等。

第 34 页

过去分词作表语时，应注意与被动结构的区别。系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点；被动结构强调谓语动作。

The small village is surrounded by trees.（状态）

The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.（动作）

I'm interested in chess.（状态）

3. 过去分词做状语

①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词 when 或 while 来强调时间概念。

Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.

从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。

Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。

②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。

Exhausted, the children fell asleep at once.

由于太累了，孩子们马上就睡着了。

Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.

受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。

③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用 if 等词。 Heated, water changes into steam.

如果加热的话，水会变成水蒸气。

Given another chance, he will do better.

再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。

第 35 页

④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。

Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.

尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。

⑤表伴随，说明动作发生的背景或情况。

Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom. 被学生包围着，那位老教师走进了教室。

The trainer appeared, followed by five little dogs.

教练出现了，身后跟着五条狗。

必修五语法：二倒装句

一、here, there, now, then, thus 等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run。

There goes the bell. 铃声响了。

Then came the chairman. 主席来了。

Here is your letter. 你的信。

二、否定词置于句首，句子应进行倒装。

（1） nor, neither 放句首

Tod can't swim, neither can I. 托德不会游泳，我也不会。

（2）用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, at no time, not only, not once, many a time 等词开头的句子。

Never shall I go there again. 我再也不去那了。

Little did he know who the woman was.他基本上不知道那女人是谁。

Seldom was he late for class.他很少上学迟到。

（3）用于 no sooner ... than ..., hardly... when... 和 not until... 的句型中 第 36 页

Hardly had I reached the station when the train left.

我刚到车站,火车就离开了。

No sooner had she gone out than the phone rang. 她刚离开,电话就响了。 Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.

直到老师来，他才完成作业。

三、用于 only 放句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子。

Only in this way can you master English well.

只有这种方法，你才能学好英语。

Only that time did he do his homework. 直到哪个时间，他才做作业。 Only when he told me did I realize what trouble I was in.

直到他告诉我，我才意识到我有了什么样的麻烦。 必修五语法：三、省略句

一、省略的目的

省略多见于非正式文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种普遍的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的：

1．避免重复，减少累赘

省略的主要目的是避免重复，去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。

Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day.

Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是他并没有来。

（省掉最后九个词，句子简洁了许多）

2．连接紧密，结构紧凑

第 37 页

省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。

John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998.

约翰是 1994 年的获胜者，鲍勃是 1998 年的获胜者。

（Bob 后省略了 was the winner，句子结构显得比较紧凑）

3．强调重点，突出信息

省略的另一作用是突出新的信息

Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud.

真理讲话声太低，虚伪讲话声太高。

（后一分句省略谓语 speaks，突出了 too loud）

二、句子成分的省略

为了避免重复，或者为了使某一内容引人注目，可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变。

1．省略主语

Beg your pardon.请你原谅。 （= I beg your pardon.））

Serves you right. 你活该。 （= It serves you right.）

2．省略谓语

Anything the matter? 要紧吗？（= Is anything the matter?）

The river was deep and the ice thin. 河很深，冰很薄。

（= The river was deep and the ice was thin.）

3．省略表语

Are you ready? Yes,I am. 你准备好了吗？我准备好了。

（am 后面省略了表语 ready）

4．省略宾语

第 38 页

We have to analyze and solve problems.我们必须分析问题并解决问题。 (analyze 后省略了宾语 problems)

Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you'll dry. 我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来 揩干。（wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语 dishes）

5．省略定语

He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.

他花了一部分钱，其余的都存了起来。

（the rest 后面省略了定语 of the money）

6．省略状语

（Even）The wisest man cannot know everything.

即使最聪明的人也不可能无所不知。

三、省略在句子中的应用

在一个句子中，省略可分为依赖上下文省略和不依赖上下文省略两种。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。

1．简单句中的省略

（1）依赖上下文的省略在对话中最为常用。

Like more beer? 再要点啤酒吗？（= Would you like more beer?）

—World you mind if I used your telephone?用一下你的电话，你介意吗？ —Not at all. 一点也不。（= I do not mind at all.）

—Will he pass this examination? 他这次考试会通过吗？

—Probably. 大概会的。（= He will probably pass the examination.）

（2）不依赖于上下文的省略。

All aboard! 请上船。（= All go aboard.省略谓语）

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Haven't seen you for ages! 好久不见了！（省略主语 I）

What about having a game of chess?下盘棋怎么样？

Sounds like a good idea.听上去是个好主意。

（=It sounds like a good idea. 省略主语）

Everybody appears well prepared. 看起来大家都准备好了。

（= Everybady appears to be well prepared. 省略不定式 to be）

2．并列句中的省略

并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分，常常可以省略掉，以避免重复。通常被省略的可以是主语、谓语、宾语或其他万分，或句子万分的一部分。

（1）省略出现在后一分句

John likes collecting stamps but (John) hates listening to music.

约翰喜欢集邮但不喜欢听音乐。 （省略主语）

（2）省略出现在前一分句

We can (win tomorrow's match), and certainly will,win tomorrow's match. 我们能够，而且一定会在明天的比赛中获胜。

（前一分句省略谓语 + 宾语）

（3）前后两个分句都出现省略

They can (pay the full fee ) and (they)should pay the full fee.

3、复合句中的省略

在主从复合句中，省略的现象是很普遍的。

（1）省略主句的句首部分。

（I'm）Sorry I couldn't go. 很抱歉，我不能去。

（2）省略整个主句或主句的一部分（回答问题时常用）。

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（It is a）Pity he's failed. 很遗憾，他失败了。

If he says he'll come, he will(come).

（3）在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词是 be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是 it，常常可以把从句中的主语和 be 省略掉。

（4）以 when, while, once, until 等连词引导的时间状语从句。

When (you are) in Rome do as Rome does. 入国问禁，入乡随俗。

（5）在比较从句中通常把和主句重复的部分省掉。

A)省略谓语的全部

James enjoys the theeartre more than Susun. 詹姆斯比苏姗更喜欢戏剧。 Tom has as many books as Jack. 汤姆有跟杰克一样多的书。

B)省略主语和谓语的一部分

Brown speaks French as fluently as English.

布朗说法语和英语一样流利。（as 后省略了 he speaks）

C)省略表语部分

Mrs White is not so young as she looks.

怀特夫人没有看上去那样年轻。（looks 后省略了 young）

D)省略主语和谓语的大部分，保留状语

He is working harder than before.

他现在工作比过去努力多了。（than 后省略了 he worked hard）

E)省略主语

He drank a little more than was good for him.

他喝酒稍有一点过量。（than 后省略了 it）

F)省略宾语

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You spent more money than I had expected.

你花掉的钱比我预料的多。

（expected 后省略了that you should spend）

G)省略从句的全部 You are getting slimmer. 你越来越苗条了。 （simmer 后省略了than you were before） H)主句和从句中可同时省略一些成分。

The sooner (this is done), the better(it will be). (这件事做得）越快越好。

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