大学英语四级考试要点汇总

Part 1：写作

写作常用关键词：

1原因：because、on account of 、in view of、take account of、give that、for the sake of、as a result/consequence of、owing/due/thanks to、result from；

2增强语气的词：more、most和more than例如I’m most happy to meet you!我非常高兴见到你this view is more than biased（有偏见的）这个观点是非常错误的。表示斩钉截铁的语气：undoubtedly、unquestionably、undeniably、beyond doubt、out of question；例如it’s out of question for me to do sth做成某事是没有问题的。never与until的连用，例如I will never give up until I succeed。all、any、every、no等的应用，例如make every effort、size every chance；

3调节观点的词：正方和反方的观点大多数时候都是不完美的，我们用to some extent来调节，例如I don’t agree with it to some extent。generally表示并不是绝对化的，on the whole通常用来引出本方观点; 4关联词：两个要论证的观点on the one hand、on the other hand；for one thing、for another;三个或更多用to begin with、more over、what’s the most important；in the first place、in the second place、last but not least；first、second、third···等

5用于引出事例：Let’s take···as an example、A good case in point is that···、Just think of···，which（who）···；6表示两个对立的观点的词：some body think that···，while others argue that···； 高分作文秘诀：

1清晰的结构：段落分明，过渡手段明确；

2灵活运用词汇：例如表示某人持什么观点时不仅可以用think,还可用hold、argue、maintain(主张)、take···for granted(认为···理所应当)；

3多变的句型和句式结构：多用特殊句式，减少简单句式、文中包含少量相对复杂的句式，句子长短错落有致，使用简单地道的English来表达。常用句型有Only in this way，can we···。例如:Only in this way，can we except to live a happy life;

4适当应用谚语和名言：使用句型As the famous saying/proverb goes,···；Just as sb once said,···；有时把谚语或名言放在文章最后，这是一种高级技巧，例如：Only if we get prepared can we size the opportunities instead of letting them slip by，just as the saying goes，“opportunities are only for the prepared minds.”

5使用多种修辞手法：比喻（分明喻和暗喻），隐喻：If life is a journey，we have nothing to regret so long as we put meaning into it和knowledge and experience accumulated(积累)can help reap harvest in English learning，and confident and courage gained along the route can help me succeed in my future career.排比（有助于保持段落结构清晰）：Students cheat in examinations to obtain high scores. Accountants make up false data to win trust and respect from stockholders. Even scientists copy others’ articles or inventions to seize money or fame.拟人（使事物人性化）：The past twenty years witnessed the fast development of the automobile industry along with national economy.其中witness即是拟人用法

6运用插入语(一种高级技巧)：···.其中however是插入语。To 插入语为in my mind.还有Many people, especially the parents, think it will certainly do good to their children because the independent life will make them learn confidence and perseverance.插入语有的时候作同位语，起解释说明的作用:First of all, the university authority should make it clear that any cheating behaviors in the examinationswill be severely punished with no exception.

7正确运用标点（帮助分清句子结构，正确理解文意，更准确的表达情感）

8使用简单地道的英语，如：高手master hand、老手：seasoned hand、能手：skillful hand。

9有时可用双重否定表肯定，展现灵活运用英语的能力，如not unnecessary有必要；not unimportant重要的； 10多用同义词避免重复，同义词集锦(按汉语首字母顺序排列) B：@把···看作：regard as、consider as、look on···as、treat···as、view···as；@必要的：indispensable、essential、necessary；@表达：voice、convey、express、deliver、communicate；@不计其数的：countless、endless、unlimited、innumerable、immeasurable、incalculable、numberless、numerous；C：@参加：participate in、attend、take part in、go in for、engage in、join、enter；@产生，带来：breed、cultivate、develop、produce、bring；@重复的，反复的：repetitively、repeatedly、over and over、time and again、time and time；@充分运用，使用，应用：optimize、make best use of、make full use of、employ、utilize、apply、use；@充足的：sufficient、adequate、ample、enough、plenty；@抽出时间做···：set aside、put aside、spare、spend；@除···之外：apart from、in addition to、along with、besides、what’s more、moreover；@聪明的：intelligent、bright、wise、brilliant；@粗俗的，不雅的：vulgar、unrefined、obscene、improper、foul、crude、coarse、rough、bad；D：@当前，目前：nowadays、at present、currently、presently、now；@等不及，渴望，想：can’t wait to、be eager to/for、long for、yearn for、hunger for/after、look forward to、want to、have a desire for、desire to do；@低等的，次要的：inferior、junior、minor、secondary、lesser、insignificant；@断定：come to the conclusion、arrive at the conclusion、draw the conclusion 、conclude、decide、assert、wind up、judge；@反对，抵制：oppose、object to、resist；F：@方法：method、approach、means、measure、mode、way；@繁荣的，富裕的：prosperity、flourishing、thriving、booming、affluent、wealthy、well-off、rich；G：@高兴的：be in a good mood、happy、cheerful、joyful、joyous、pleased、delighted、glad；@各种各样的，不同的：a variety of、various、diverse、all kinds of、all sorts of、different；@观察：see、witness、observe、view；H：@寒冷的：chilly、wintry、frigid、cold；@好处，优点：advantage、merit、benefit；@合作：cooperate、join forces、work side by side、make joint efforts；@坏处，缺点：disadvantage、defect、flaw、drawback、deficiency；@恢复，重新获得：restore、recover、regain、resume、get···again；@获得，赢得，取得：acquire、obtain、attain、reap、earn、gain、procure、get；J：@给予,捐赠，赠与：impart、denote、contribute、give；@假的：fake、deceptive、disguised、cheating、false； @建立：construct、build、set up、put up、found、establish；@节约的：economical、thrifty、frugal、prudent、saving、sparing；@减少，缩短：reduce、decrease、diminish、lessen、cut down、shorten、make···shorter；@教授：tutor、coach、educate、teach；@解决：resolve、settle、deal with、cope with、manage、work on；@解释：account for、illustrate、clarify、explain； @进步，成绩：advancement、achievement、accomplishment、feat、fulfillment、progress； @尽力做：attempt to、make efforts to、spare no efforts to、endeavor to、manage to do、try to、work hard；@禁止：ban、disallow、prohibit、forbid、prevent；@仅有的：sole、single、unique、only；@经历：undergo、endure、live with、go through、experience；@巨大的：tremendous、immense、huge、gigantic、giant、enormous；@沮丧的，失意的：frustrated、discouraged、depressed、down-hearted、disheartened、low-spirited、sad；K：@空前的，罕见的：unprecedented、exceptional、unusual、uncommon、rare；@扩展，扩大，展开：expand、broaden、widen、extend、enlarge、spread；L：@乐趣：entertainment、amusement、fun；@冷淡的：indifferent、unconcerned、uninterested、chilly、not kind、cold；@冷静的：sober、reasonable、sensible、rational、calm；M：@迷人的，美丽的：enchanting、charming、appealing、alluring、fascinating、attractive、beautiful、pretty、nice； @描述：depict、describe、picture；@明确的，特别的：concrete、specific、particular、definite、special；@明智的，合理的：advisable、sensible、rational、elevate、reasonable；@目标：purpose、objective、aim、goal；N：@难以置信的，惊人的：fantastic、incredible、unusual、unbelievable、exceptional、extraordinary、marvelous、notable、noteworthy、striking、amazing、appalling、shocking、astonishing、surprising；@能力，才能：capability、competence、capacity、faculty、talent、ability；P：@疲惫不堪的：exhausted、fatigued、run-down、worn-out、weary、tired；@抛弃，放弃：desert、abandon、quit、give up；Q：@强调：lay/place emphasis on、attach emphasis to、stress on、highlight、emphasize；@强烈的，强的：keen、intense、fierce、

violent、strong；@勤奋的：diligent、studious、industrious、hardworking；@请教，咨询：consult、return to、resort to、ask；@轻视，蔑视：despise、contempt、belittle、distain；@倾向于，易于：be prone to、be liable to、tend to、incline to、be likely to；@起作用：play a role、perform、function、serve、play a part、work；@全部的：entire、overall、comprehensive、complete、all；@全面的，彻底的：sheer、utter、thorough、complete；@确定的：unquestionably、indisputably、undeniably、out of question、going without saying、unsurprisingly、undoubtedly、It’s no wonder that···、definitely、certainly、surely；R：@然后：afterwards、later、later on、after that、then；@忍受：put up with、bare、tolerate、come to terms with；@认为，主张，：argue、maintain、hold、believe、think、考虑take···into consideration、consider、ponder、meditate、contemplate、think over、reflect on/upon；@认真的：conscientious、cautious、careful、serious；S：@上升：increase、ascend、go up、rise、mount、on the rise、roar、grow；@胜过，超过，比···更重要：outweigh、exceed、surpass、be more important than；@失业的：unemployed、laid-off、jobless、workless、out of work； @事实上：in reality、in effect、as a matter of fact、practically、virtually、actually、in fact；@适应：be adapted to、be accustomed to、be adjusted to、be used to；@实施，做：practice、carry out、conduct、perform、do；@使信服：convince、persuade、assure、confirm、make···believe；@熟悉，知道：be acquainted with、be familiar with、be informed of；T：@提前，在···前：ahead of time、ahead of schedule、beforehand、in advance、prior to、before；@提高：improve、increase、enhance、raise、elevate；@突然地：abruptly、unexpectedly、suddenly；W：@完成，实现：achieve、accomplish、fulfill、complete、finish；@违背，打破：violate、disobey、infringe、break；@为了：for the sake of、in order to、so as to、on the purpose of、aim at；@位于：be located、be situated、stand、sit、lie；@无聊的：boring、dull、monotonous、annoying、irritating、uninteresting；X：@吸收，消化：assimilate、digest、grasp、absorb、comprehend、understand；@吸引：allure、captivate、fascinate、tempt、attract；@显示：demonstrate、reflect、manifest、indicate、point to、show；@想出：come up with、cross one’s mind、occur to somebody、think out、flash into； @消费，花费：consume、expend、spend、cost、take；@需要：call for、require、demand、need；Y：@依赖，依靠：rely on、lean on、depend on；@意识到：be aware of、be conscious of、realize；@影响：affect、impact、have effect on、influence；@意义深远的，重要的，重大的：far-reaching、profound、significant、eventful、vital、crucial、critical、decisive、important；@永久的：permanently、enduringly、lastingly、constantly、unchangingly；@涌入：flood into、overflow into、crowd into、swarm in；@由···组成，组成：be made up of···、consist of···、be comprised of···、be composed of···、form、constitute；@有敌意的，不友好的：hostile、adverse、aggressive、not kind；@忧虑，使···不安：upset、agitate、bother、disturb、troubled、worried、anxious、uneasy、concerned、restless；@有偏见的，偏心的，不公正的：biased、prejudiced、partial、discriminative、unfair；@有机会：stand a chance of、have an opportunity to、have a chance of/to；@优秀的：outstanding、perfect、brilliant、remarkable、distinguished、excellent；@与···相联系：be connected with、be linked to、be relevant to、have something to do with、be related to；@遇到：come across、meet with、encounter、confront；Z：@在我看来：in my view、in my belief、as far as I am concerned、in my opinion；@遭受：be subjected to、sustain、encounter、suffer；@责备：blame、accuse、denounce、scold；@增加：increase、rise、grow、climb、go up等；@支持，赞成：approve of、in favor of、uphold、stand by one’s side、agree with、give one’s assent、support提倡advocate、recommend；@志气，抱负，渴望：aspiration、ambition、yearning、thirst、desire；@占有，持有，拥有：occupy、hold、own、possess、have；@真诚的，诚实的，正直的：sincere、truthful、genuine、upright、hearty、frank、honest；@珍贵的，昂贵的：precious、valuable、valued、prized、cherished、treasured、dear、costly、high-priced、expensive；@证明：testify、confirm、verify、turn out、prove；@重要：important、critical、vital、crucial、significant；@注定：be doomed to、be destined to、it is decided···；@逐渐地：step by step、little by little、bit by bit、gradually；@壮丽的，完美的：splendid、grand、magnificent、superb、striking、impressive、marvelous、wonderful；@遵守：abide by、obey、observe、conform；@最终：eventually、sooner or later、at length、ultimately、finally、at last；@阻止：hinder、curb、hamper、restrain、prevent、ward off、avoid、stop；

写作常用句型

1由while引导的状语从句(凸显两种观点的对比，使句子显得非常精炼)：Different people have different views will have some kind of opportunity along his life route.和When it comes to traveling, some of people will choose 2Those who···或Those people who···句型(多用于引出持什么观点，对比鲜明，也非常精炼)are in favor of the Internet claim that it has a lot of advantages.和disadvantages are many. ( face=be faced with, oppose=be opposed to,而face with和oppose to均是错误的)

3倒装句,多由only引导(其强调和加强语气的作用)：only when+时间状语，only if+条件状语、only by doing sth， can we···及only in this way can we···step by step.

4条件状语从句：由if 引导according to the goal.由so long as（语气比if强）引导helpful for us in many respects.（make good use of it和make use of it reasonably均表示“合理使用”）

5强调句（语气强烈）：excel(杰出)，有时强调句可与not···but···结构同时使用来突显对比It’s not the years in your life, but the life in your years that counts

6反问句（更具说服力）good use of it to make life rich and rewarding?此外还有this new test?和7结果状语从句：由so···that···或such···that···引导，译为“如此···以至于···”例如Failure is such a common matter that every one of us may meet it from time to time.

8让步状语从句：第一种由though和althoughsure to conclude that this practice is favorable on the whole。Although(it is true that)···，it doesn’t mean(that)···是反驳对方推导的观点的好句型，例如类似的还有while···，it doesn’t follow···.第二种由even if 和even though引导，例如第三种由no matter how或however, whatever 引导，例如No matter how responsible the teachers are and how friendly the classmates are, you can only depend on yourself once you step into the examination room.

9 not(never)···until···译为“直到···才···”此句型有时可用在末句，如有时此句型可与反问句同时使用，这是一种高级写作技巧：How can anybody expect to lead a meaningful life

10 There is no such things as···译为“没有···这样的事情”(此句型语气非常强烈)

11包含never 的否定句：never与too同时使用，表示“再···都不为过”，如：your mother.你对你妈妈再好都不为过。never 与其他否定词（如no）连用，构成双重否定，表示肯定意义：。Never···because(since)···表示“不因为···就···，如I will never give up since a matter is difficult我不会因为一件事情难就放弃。never与unless/until同时使用,译为“你永远也不可能···，除非你/直到你···”：You can never write a good research paper unless you concentrate on what you are doing and have a right attitude towards failure.此外，never 还可与fail连用，表示“总能够···”：The sun never fails to rise up from the East/horizon.太阳每天总能够从东方/地平线升起。 12 平行结构：名词平行动宾词组的平行

in English learning, and along the route can in my future career. 反问句的平行写作步骤

1解读题意，确定题型，勾画简图：根据考试题目以及给出的提纲或段首句，确定作文属于何种命题形式，快速确立自己的观点及论据。将确立的论点、罗列出的论据及要明确的结论以树形一一列出，并尽可能的罗列出所有能想到的论据关键词，时间3—5分钟。

2选用合适的写作方法：陈述理由、举例说明、提供数据、下定义、展开论说、运用对比等修辞手法 3草拟文章：用关联词把罗列的论点贯穿起来，丰富文章细节（注意句式变化）；

4完善草稿，一气呵成：注意句型和句式结构的变化，使用简单地道的英语来表述，多用同义词避免重复； 5稍作修改：注意动词的时态和语态，第三人单数名词后面的动词要用第三人称单数形式，如very much.

写作模板

1观点子类模板，对立观点：@第一段（提出两种人的观点）Different people have different views on···. Some people think that···，while others argue that···第二段（明确表示自己同意某个观点）As far as I’m concerned, I agree with the···opinion. For one thing ,I firmly believe···.For another,···.just think of···,who···.第三段（结论）Taking all these factors into consideration, we may safely come to the conclusion that···.Only if···can we···，just as the saying goes,···；@第一段（第一种人的观点）People’s opinions are always different once they talk about···.Those who···maintain that···.They also firmly believe that···.第二段（第二种人的观点）Many people think otherwise. On the one hand,···.On the other hand,···.第三段（明确表明自己同意某个观点）My own opinion is that···，in the fast-developing information era(时代)，has become more than common and acceptable. If we want to···，we have to···.So why not···？事物性质：第一段(引出现象并说明其意义)Recently there have been many reports of···.It turns a new page of···in China, and will have far-reaching effects in the forthcoming years.第二段(分三方面说明其优点)The biggest benefit, in my eyes, is that···.In addition,···.Finally,···.第三段(说明我们所面临的挑战并下结论)Apart from the benefits mentioned above, we should also face several unavoidable challenges. In the first place,···. In the second place,···.What’s the most important,···.Only when···can we···. 混合模板（观点+办法）：第一段(引入某种有害事物)Nowadays every one of us may come across···now and then. These···are most harmful to the whole society.第二段(分三方面说明其危害)In my opinion, their harmfulness can be summarized in the following three respects. In the first place,···.In the second place,···.Last but not least,···.第三段(说明自己的态度)In my mind, the government and the citizens should join hands to put an end to these···.On the one hand, the government should···.On the other hand, some citizens···.Only by the joint(联合···.

2利弊子类模板，对立观点：第一段(指出某一事物)Nowadays,···is playing a more and more important role in people’s opinions are still divided on this point. 第二段(支持者的观点：利)Those who are in favor of···claim that it has a lot of advantages. Firstly, ···. Secondly,···.Last but not least,···.第三段(反对者的观点：弊) Those who are opposed to···hold that disadvantages are many. In the first place,···.In the second place,···.Finally,···.

第四段(作者的观点：利大于弊)All in all, we can safely come to the conclusion that the pros(利) outweigh the cons(弊). The past twenty years witnessed the fast development of···along with···.A brighter future is awaiting us if we make use of···.事物性质：第一段(提出某一现象)Like anything else,···has both advantages and disadvantages.第二段(谈“利”) The main benefits of···are as follows. First,···.In the second place,···.Last but not least,···.第三段(谈“弊”)However, the negative effects are also obvious. To begin with,···.Second,···. Finally,···.第四段(作者认为利大于弊)In conclusion, the advantages of···out-weigh its disadvantages.···.混合类(利弊+办法)：第一段(某制度的优点)···has brought a lot of benefits to college students ever since the

beginning. First,···.Second,···.Third,···.第二段(某制度的缺点)Though it does good to college students in many ways,···can never be said to bring no problem. For one thing,···for another,···.第三段(分三方面谈个人感受，阐述自己的做法)In order to make good use of···,I form(形成) the habit of···.On the one hand,···. On the other hand,···.By carefully planning my time,···.

3提问子类模板，对立观点：第一段(提出问题)It is quite natural for···to ponder over the question of where to···.第二段(描述一种做法及原因)Many···will choose not to···. Generally for three reasons. On the one hand,···.On the other hand,···. Most important of all,···.第三段(描述相反的做法及原因)Nevertheless, other people adopt a totally different view. For one thing,···.For another,···.第四段(给出自己的绝妙方法---折中)From what we have discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that it depends on personal choice. In my own case,···.现象解释：第一段(从正反两面描述一种复杂现象)When we talk about whether···,we will be most surprised to find that the present situation is so complicated. On the one hand,···.On the other hand,···.

第二段(从三方面给出这一现象的原因)Three reasons, in my eyes, can account for this phenomenon. In the first place,···.In the second place,···.Finally,···.

4选择子类模板，对立观点：@第一段(提出某问题的两个方面)Whenever people···, they will come across the problem of whether they should···or···,and it is natural for different opinions to arise.第二段(一类人的观点)Some people think we should···.They say that···.Furthermore,···.Therefore, we should···.第三段(另一类人的不同观点)But other people think otherwise. They argue that in an age when science and technology develop at a fantastic speed, we should not only···but also···.Only when we···can we keep up with the pace of social development.第四段(作者的观点：将两种做法相结合)In my opinion, we should combine···with···. First···.Second,···,Only in this way can we···.@第一段(提出某问题的两个方面)Currently, the major dilemma which most···face···is to···or to···.第二段(描述一类人的选择)Those who···.They believe that only by···can a person···.Most important of all,···.第三段(描述另一类人的不同选择)Other people, however, believe that···.The best way is to···.第四段(以客观的态度评价这一问题，未给出明确的结论)No matter which choice a student will finally make, he has to be extremely careful to look into his unique situation and consult the predecessors for their advice. He will make the right choice if he knows···.

5批驳类模板，批驳做法：第一段(第一句提出现象，第二句表态)Nowadays, there us a growing tendency(趋势)···. Personally speaking, I don’t agree with this practice at all.第二段(分三个方面进行批驳)First of all,···. Second,···.Third,···.第三段(结论)To wind up my discussion, my conclusion is that it is not advisable for···.批驳观点：第一段(某种做法与支持这种做法的观点)Recently it seems that···..Many people, especially the parents, think it will certainly do good to their children because···.Moreover,···.第二段(从两方面进行批驳)After careful consideration, I have to say the above view is more than biased. On the other hand,···.On the other hand,···.第三段(结论)We can see clearly that although···may bring favorable results, there are still a lot to worry about. It seems necessary for young students to make a careful investigation before···.复合批驳：第一段(首先指出某些人的做法，然后提出有些人反对)It becomes a common tendency these days for people to···..Many people are opposed to this practice because they think···.They also argue that···.第二段(提出我不同意这些人的看法，并分三点说明)In my mind, however, I can’t agree with these people on this occasion.···.At the same time,···.In addition,···.第三段(结论)In conclusion,···.混合类(观点批驳+办法)：

第一段(首句提出观点，并提出反面意见)Nowadays there is a commonly held belief that···.Actually, it is not the real case.第二段(从三个方面说明反对理由) On the one hand,···.On the other hand,···.Most important of all,···.第三段(提出两方面的解决方法)We need to carry out several measures to promote···.First, we should···.Second, we should···.

6办法类模板，社会问题：第一段(说明与问题有关的某一现象)Nowadays,···. It has become such a serious problem that it has aroused the concern from the whole society.第二段(分三点阐述解决方法)To put an end to such a serious problem, in my mind, calls for the efforts from all sides. First of all, Moreover,···.Last but not

least,···.第三段(结论)How can anybody expect to lead a meaningful life he is far from···?Only when all of us

join in the efforts of···at all levels can we expect to have···a more beautiful future.个人问题：第一段(引出问

题)The past decades has witnessed···.Consequently students voice growing concern over how to···.To this

problem, in my mind, there are at least the following three approaches(处理方法).第二段(列举三种可行办

法)First of all,···.Secondly,···. Finally,···.第三段(选择第二种办法，突出个性)Personally, I would like to

choose···.On the one hand,···.On other hand,···. As long as I’m sure of···.it is out of question for me to···.

混合类(后果+办法)：第一段(引出问题)With the development of national economy, a worrying social problem

also arises---···.第二段(分三个方面阐述问题带来的后果)The···phenomenon will bring many un favorable

consequences. First and foremost,···. What makes matters worse,···Finally, if this matter is not properly settled,

it will pose a threat to···.第三段(三种解决方法)It is high time that we called on the efforts from all sides to deal

with this problem properly. For one thing, the government should···.For another,···should seize every

chance···. Finally, the mass media should also play a positive role in···.第四段(结束语)No matter whether this

problem is a natural result of social development, it is important that we find a satisfactory solution to it in this

social transformation era.

7谚语类模板，完全赞同：第一段(引入谚语并解释)The well-know proverb···has long been accepted by all of

us. It tells us that···.第二段(举例说明)Let’s take···as a example.···.第三段Another good case in point is···.

第四段(结论)Judging from the examples given above, we may safely come to the con conclusion that···. So why

not···?···.部分赞同：第一段(引入谚语)When we talk of the famous proverb···,we should not simply label

it as right or wrong, but explore(探究)in depth.第二段(正面论述谚语正面的情况)This proverb is especially true

under several situations. )First,···. Second, ···.Third,···.第三段(反面论述)Nevertheless, there are also some

exceptions.···.第四段(呼应第二、三两个段落)In a word, we can draw the conclusion that in most cases···,but

in certain circumstances,···the right choice.

8应用类模板(注意其格式)

公开信：Dear···，

第一段(表明写信意图)I’m writing to you,···.···.第二段(说明目前的困难)···,Worse

still,···.···.However,···.moreover,···,···.第三段 希望，呼吁人们动起来)It’s high time

that···.···. Thank you for kindness!

Yours sincerely

···(人名)

演讲辞：Good everyone,

第一段(简单的致谢)First I’d like to extend my thanks to···(要感谢的对象)for offering us this

opportunity to run for chair man of the student union.第二段(说明自己的条件和优势)I’m sure I well

satisfy the conditions for working as chairman. Since···(时间),I···(个人经历).More importantly··(获

奖经历). As far as···is concerned,···.In addition,···.第三段(阐明如果成功，我会怎么办)If I were ···,I would···. Moreover,···.To sum up,···.第四段(希望得到支持并致谢)If

you···,please···.Thank you for···.

导游辞：My dear friends,

第一段(对游客表示欢迎)Welcome to···.It’s really a great pleasure to···. 第二段(说明今天旅

游活动的安排)The schedule(日程表) for today is as follows：first,···; after···,···. 第三段(介绍

将要参观 的景点)···(某一标志性景点),as the very symbol of···(大地点),···(景

点特点).···(上述景点)is regarded as···.What we will visit today is···(上述景点).It is located

at···(小地点),Among all the sections(地域) of···(上述景点),···(上述景点种的某一特征性建筑)is

considered most impressive for···(原因如its magnificent view and historical significance). 第四段(表

达对参观者的祝愿)Thank you for listening. I hope you enjoy yourselves today.

建议信：Dear···.

第一段(表明写信的目的)I’m···(自我介绍).I’m sorry to occupy your precious time, but I really

want to talk about···.第二段(阐述现状，说明其不足之处)···(现象).To make matters

worse,···.It is true that···,but···also···.第三段(说明改进的重要性，建议收信人应该怎

样做)···(现象)is connected with the daily life of···(人物).···(现象)have aroused concern from

all the···(人物).I hope you can···(做法). 第四段(表达谢意)I’m looking forward to your reply.

Best regards.

Yours sincerely

···(人名) 私人信函：Dear···,

第一段(表明收到信件和某人消息时激动的心情)I’m most happy to receive your···letter and

hear that···.第二段(就某事展开叙述或自己的打算或安排)······.第三段(提醒朋友应注意的地

方)I advise you to···.Remember to···.And I will···.第四段(再次表达欢迎之意) I’m looking

forward to your reply and wish you a good journey.

Best regards.

投诉信：Dear···,

第一段(表明写信目的及事件的起因)I’m writing to inform you of my unhappy experience lately.

On···(时间),I···.Unfortunately,···. 第二段(介绍书信交涉的经过)To resolve the problem,

I···.I made great efforts to···,only to be told···.第三段(说明解决此类问题的重要性)Up until

now, I have been thinking of this happening. I believe that it is more than necessary

for···to···.Only when···can···.

With best regards.

Yours sincerely

···(人名) 求职信：Dear···,

第一段(表明写信目的) I’m writing you this letter to show my keen(强烈的) interest in the post(职

位) of···.第二段(详细展示自己的能力)I···. Another point I want to draw your attention to is that I

have been taking an active part in a variety of campus activities. In the due process my teamwork spirit

has been enhanced(增强) my interpersonal skills improved. I’m sure I can···.第三段(表示自己的希望

并留下联系方式，表示谢意)I would like to meet you at your earliest convenience and discuss the

possibility of working with your company. Or, if you are too busy these days, you can contact me

at···for further information. Thank you for your favorable consideration.

Best wishes.

Yours sincerely

···(人名) 9图表类模板,解释原因：第一段(描述图表：某个数值增加，某个数值减小)During the period

from···to···,···rose from···to···,while···decreased from···to···.第二段(分三方面解释原因)We

believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. First···.Second,···.Third,···.第三段(得出结论

并预测发展趋势)We are happy to see that things are becoming better and better nowadays. We can imagine

that···.混合类(原因+后果)：第一段(描述图表)From the chart we can see clearly that···. 第二段(解释原因)In

my mind, the reasons why···are as follows. First,···.Besides,···. 第三段(描述后果)The negative effects

of···are also clear. to begin with,···.Second,···,which··· .第四段(结论)All in all, I should say the advantages

outweigh the disadvantages. The key lies in whether we can make good use of it to enhance(提高) work and study.

混合类(原因+整体)第一段(描述图表数字)Seen from the chart, it can be concluded

that···.Among···,···account for···while···make up···.第二段(解释原因)It is no wonder that···. 第三段(说明自身的情况)In my own practice, I think···.On the one hand, ···.On the other hand,···.To···,I must···.

10记述类模板，混合类(记述+原因)：第一段(给出时间、地点和大致事件)On···(时间),I···(事件)···(地点).第二段(描述事件，紧扣时间线索)It was around···o’ clock···and I was···.Hardly had···when···.

第三段(从两方面进行原因分析)In my eyes,···.It was because···.···.混合类(记述+感受)@第一段(在特殊日子向某人致以祝贺)On this special occasion,···,I would like to extend my heartiest greetings to···.第二段(叙述一件难忘的事)Frankly speaking, I’ve enjoyed many a vivid memory of···.For instance,···.Right in this difficult time,···.Thanks to···,I···.第三段(说明自己的感受和打算)I’ll never forget···.To···,I’m sure to···.@第一段(交代事件的时间、地点、人物等背景)It was a Tuesday morning and···.Our···class was going on as usual, when···suddenly···, who···.第二段(描写事件的发生和发展)······.第三段(交代事件的结局及引发的思考)On my way back to···(地点),I thought a lot.···Moreover,···.because only by doing so can we expect to···.If we are always ready to···,the word will certainly be a better place to live in ! 提高写作水平的方法

1记住几种常用的模板，重点记忆其中的有用的语句，灵活组合，以不变应万变；

2平时多读一些难度适中的范文，从中寻找有用的句式结构和优美的句子，并在自己的作文中加以运用； 3按照正确的写作步骤限时练习一下往年的四级考试题目，写完后和范文对照，找出差距(每周训练一两篇)。 4想要快速提高考试中作文的得分，个人的一点小建议是背熟模板，灵活变通，以不变应万变。即记下模板中的一些常用句型、句式，见什么题型用什么句式，也可将几种不同写作模板中的句式自由组合。但关键是要通过练习，是自己熟练掌握模板的句式，这样考试的时候就可以信手捏来，而不会担心没话可写。 写作资料

1有用的短语： @have a good knowledge of···掌握了···；@ turn a blind eye/ear to···对···视/听而不见；@in favor of赞同，支持；@stand a better chance of大有希望；@compel sb to do sth=force sb to do sth.迫使某人做某事；@be fed up with(对···)极其厌倦，吃得过饱；@do sb a favor=do a favor for sb帮···一个忙；@turn sth into reality把···变为现实；@It’s of great importance that···=It’s very important that···.“···非常重要” ；@once in a while偶尔；@It didn’t take long before···=It wasn’t long before···不久就···；@make jokes about sb=make fun of sb=make fool of sb捉弄某人；@make a strong impression on=be greatly impressed on给某人留下很深的印象；@impress sth on sb某事给某人留下印象；@in all events无论如何；@on the whole总的来说；@sb be in charge of sth=sth be in the charge of sb某物由某人负责；@be on good terms with sb与···关系很好；@in every direction=in all directions四面八方；@under the direction of sb在某人的指导下；@with intention of···带有···的目的；@at all risks=at any risk冒任何危险，无论如何；@wish for sth=hope for sth=in the hope of sth希望得到···；@in the meantime=meanwhile同时；@stick in door呆在家，不出门；@stick in mind铭刻在心；@I can’t agree more我非常同意；@limit···to···把···限制在···上；@honestly speaking诚实的说，frankly speaking坦率的说，generally speaking通常说来；@have a genius for有···的天赋；@be on fire for···=be passionate about···热衷于···；@safe and sound平安无恙；@within one’s grasp在某人的掌握之中；@come into power执政，上台；@be good at=be skilled at擅长于···；@turn···into reality把···变成现实；@give a push to···推动了···；@at such a distance that···在这样一个距离下···；@remain to be seen拭目以待；@take sb on a tour of sp=show sb around sp带某人参观某地；@in all events=by all means无论如何；@keep silent over sth.(注意介词的搭配)对某事保持沉默；@drink to one’s health为···的健康干杯；@express one’s gratitude to sb for sth.就某事向某人表达感激；@sb be lost in thought.某人陷入了沉思；@catch sb doing sth=sb be caught doing sth.撞见某人正在做某事；@appear to sb to do sth.号召某人做···；#表示增长：@increase by···@increase to···@rise to···@go up to···；#表示倍数：@···is倍数as原级as···@···is(倍数-1)比较级than···@···is倍数the size/width/length/depth of···@···is比较级than···by数值@The size/width/length/depth of···is倍数that/those of···；#表示原因：@on account of···@in view

of···@take account of···@given/now/seeing/considering/in that···@for the sake of···@as a result/consequence of···@owing/due/thanks to···@result from···@in that···@because of···；#专心于···：@set one’s mind on sth @concentrate on @be absorbed in @be engrossed in @bury oneself in···@be lost in @be occupied in @be attentive on focus on @center on @pay one’s attention to @focus/fix one’s attention on/upon @devote one’s attention to；#决心做@be determined to do @make up one’s mind to do @decide to do；#过时的：@go out of style @go out of fashion @go out of date；#开始流行，正在流行，赶潮：@come into fashion @be in fashion @follow the fashion；#宁愿···也不···：@would rather do···than do···@prefer to do···rather than do···@prefer doing to doing @prefer···to···@have a preference for···to/over···；#阻止···做某事：@keep···from doing=stop···(from) doing=prevent···(from) doing；#值得：be well worth doing/money=sth ；#···不见了：find sth missing/lost/gone；#提供某人某物 (注意关联词的搭配是固定的)@offer sb sth=offer sth to sb=present sth to sb=present sb with sth=supply sth to sb=supply sb with sth ；#说服···做···：persuade sb of sth=persuade sb into doing=persuade sb to do sth；#偶尔，不时：@every now and then @now and then/again @once in a while @from time to time @at times @sometimes @occasionally ；#把···和···区别开来：@tell···from···@distinguish···from/and···@tell the difference between···and···@make a distinction between···and···；#愿意做某事：@be willing to do sth @have willingness to do；#匆匆一瞥：@catch a brief sight of @catch a glimpse of；#换而言之：@In other words @that is to say；#得出结论：；#某物为某人所熟知：@sth be familiar to sb @sb be familiar with sth ；#建议(··)做···advise sb to do sth=advice doing sth；#“毫无疑问会···”：@It is undoubted that···.@There is no doubt that···.@undoubtedly,···.@It’s beyond doubt that···； 2有用的句型：#不是我不爱···，而是我更爱·········more；#我希望你前途光明I hope that a bright future is in store(存储) for you ；#我刚···，就···I had hardly···when···.=Hardly had I···when···.；#···,only to find···如I hurried to the post office, only to find it closed.我匆忙赶到邮局，不料已经关门。#“···是一回事，···是另一回事”：It’s one thing to do···,another to do···；#“···正欣欣向荣”：···enjoying a boom；#“···于···就如···于···一样”：···is to···what···is to···.例句：水对于鱼就如天空对鸟儿(一样重要)；#but前有否定词时，相当于that+否定句：There is no mother but loves her children=There is no mother that doesn’t 没有母亲不爱自己的孩子；#There doesn’t seem much point in doing sth.做某事是没有意义的；#Never give up one’s dreams and hopes for the future.永远不能失去对未来的梦想和希望。

3常用谚语集锦@A lazy youth, a lousy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲；@If you fail to plan, you plan to fail.如果你没能制定计划，那么你就计划着失败；@Without ambitions(雄心壮志)one start nothing, without work one finish nothing.； @Look before you leap.三思而后行；@To pay a person in his own coin以其人之道还治其人之身；@Practice makes perfect熟能生巧；@Practice what you preach(宣讲).言行一致；@Pride will have a fall骄者必败；@In prosperity(繁荣)think of adversity(逆境).居安思危；@Tow heads are better than one一人计短，二人计长；@Well begun is half done良好的开端是成功的一半；@Time and tide wait for no man岁月不待人；@Speech is silver, silence is gold雄辩是银，沉默是金；@As a man sows, so he shall reap种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆；@All good things come to an end天下没有不散的宴席；@Man proposes(提议),God disposes(布置，配置)谋事在天，成事在人；@Even Homer(信鸽)sometimes nods(打盹).智者千虑必有一失；@No competition, no progress没有竞争就没有进步；@There is no royal road to learning学无坦途；@Opportunity seldom knocks twice.机不可失，失不再来；@Everything comes to him who waits只要耐心等待，一切都会到来；@We are not born for ourselves.人之有生，不为一己；@Music is the medicine of the breaking heart.音乐是医治心灵创伤的妙药；@Calamity (灾难) is man’s true touchstone逆境是真正的试金石；@Man may meet but mountains never.人生何处不相逢；@Let the world slide.人世沧桑，顺其自然；@He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最甜；@Take little, but give much.

少索取，多奉献；@After a storm comes calm.雨过天晴(苦尽甘来)；@Love will find a way.爱心所致，金石为开；@Handsome is that handsome dose.心美貌亦美；@Youth is the season of hope.青春是希望的季节；@Life is short and time by the fore lock.生命短暂，光阴飞逝；@Speaking of the angels, and you will hear their wings说曹操，曹操就到；

Part 2 ：阅读理解

阅读步骤

1粗略地通读题目，明白课文主要内容；

2通读全文，一般重点读第一段或最后一段，而每一段则重点读第一句或最后一句，找出作者的观点和态度文章主旨；

3再读一遍题目，理解题意，找出题目中的关键字，记住题目主要涉及哪些方面的内容；

4对照文章，从文中寻找题目中出现的关键词或其近义词，注意寻找隐性信息；

5顺着作者的态度，分析题目，得出答案；

6带着题目和你做出的答案通读原文，确认答案(若时间不够，此步可省略)。

提高阅读水平的方法

1平时阅读时养成良好的习惯，精神高度集中，遇到生词先标上记号，通读全文，做完习题后，认真查阅字典，记住那些生词，过两天再读一遍这篇文章，同时默写出上次识记的生词。记单词的技巧：将单词放到整个句子中来记，即所谓的记“活”单词，这样记忆不准能准确地记忆单词的意思和用法，还能顺便温习一下熟悉的单词，记忆一下句子的句式结构，可谓一举多得；

2平时有时间，练习阅读一些较为简单易懂的小篇幅文章，如小故事、小寓言、散文等，在这一过程中体会阅读的乐趣。也可适当背诵一些小篇幅的散文，增强语感和理解文意的能力；

3每周进行一两次限时阅读训练，题目以历年四级考试的真题为主，限制自己的阅读时间，循序渐进，逐步提高阅读速度；

4词汇是阅读的基础，一定的阅读量是保证，练习是提高的必要手段，熟练是制胜的法宝；

5可根据自己的实际情况选择适合自己的做题方法，选择先通读文章还是先通读题目，带着问题有征对性的读文章。

阅读方法

1推测：据标题和题目来推测文章内容，根据上下文推测词意，根据构词法猜测词义，如有些有前后缀构成的新词，根据语法关系推测词义

2找关键词句：多为文章中反复出现的词句

3略读、浏览或跳读：快速掠过，从中提取最容易得到的精华，如文章主旨大意或作者的观点及支持该观点的信息，顺着作者的观点和态度答题

4查阅：对文章扫描，在快速阅读中仔细挑出重要信息，通常是题目中出现的关键词，地名、日期等 5速度变换：不要太焦虑自己的阅读速度，据文段的重要性确定阅读速度

6保持好的阅读习惯：精神高度，不要过分纠缠于细节的单词意义

7明白特殊句子的含义和它与上下文的逻辑关系

8有多篇文章时，应当注意根据各篇的难易程度合理分配时间。

Part 3 ：听力模块

听力题解题步骤

1在听力开始之前，先通读听力部分的内容，猜测文章可能涉及的内容及问题；

2在听听力的过程中，保持高度集中的精神状态，及时记录关键词语和关键句子(用简写的形式)，防止听长句子或文章时，出现前听后忘的状况。每听完一题，把答案写在试卷上，全部做完后再涂答题卡；

3跟着听力材料走，听力放到哪儿，眼睛看到哪儿，即使前面的题目没做出来可先放下，获选一个大概可能的答案(标上记号，听力结束后再回过头来看看) ，一定不要过分纠缠，否则会得不偿失；

4听力结束后，立刻把答案填到答题卡上，注意对应题号，不要出现填涂和拼写错误(对于填空题则要把听

到的能写出来的单词都写出来，不管是否能拿到全分)。

提高听力水平的方法

1平时进行泛听训练，找找听力的感觉，泛听训练所用素材可以使大学课本，美文、散文，也可听听中央9台的新闻；

2平时进行句子听写训练(最好准备一个复读机) 先从简单、速度稍慢的材料开始，循序渐进，逐步加大难度。听写句子训练的步骤：@听第一遍，严格要求把句子完整的写出来，写不出来的先用空格代替，再听第二、三遍···，如果听了五遍仍然无法写出完整的句子，则先听下一句，如此直至逐句把材料听完；@对照听力原文，把之前没写出的单词抄上去，对于写错的单词认真分析一下错因，识记其正确的拼写方式，写不出来的单词，若是发音不对则纠正发音，若是完全不认识的单词，则通过查字典，记住该单词的常用意思。

3适当进行精听训练，题目主要是往年四六级考试的原题，通过训练提高应试能力。

Part 4 ：完形填空

完形填空解题步骤

1细读首句，启示全文；

2通读全文，掌握大意，同时注意文中的暗示，努力找出关键词；

3对每个空格各个击破，先把答案写在试卷上，解题时注意瞻前顾后，前后照应，从文中寻找现成的信息，这一点很重要，有的时候，根据上下文内容及与空格处句式结构类似的句段就能得出某一空的答案； 4把所有题目做出来之后，通读全文，看文章是否上下连贯，合乎逻辑，文意、句子结构和成分是否完整； 5复核全文，消除疏漏，填涂答题卡。

提高完形填空水平的方法

1平时做题时积累一些常用的同义词的辨析，平时通过泛读和背诵加强语感；

2利用单句的形式进行适当的练习，提高做完形填空的兴趣，增强信心；

3充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找出有提示作用的词或句；

4注意固定搭配，包括动词与介词、动词与名词、形容词与名词等的搭配，据内容选择正确的搭配； 5据动作的发出者确定所选的词；

6每周进行一定量的完形填空练习，注意限定时间，训练材料的难度据熟练程度逐步加大。

完形填空常用的词语辨析、常见词组

1词语辨析：常见的名词词义辨析：#@energy精力，活力，(语言、行为等)生动，干劲，劲头，力气，能力，能量@source来源，水源，消息来源，原始资料，发起者@resource资源，财力，办法，智谋；#@salary薪水@wage[常用复数]工资，薪金，[用作单数或复数]报酬，代价@income收入，收益，进款，所得；#@journey旅程，旅行(常指长途旅行)@trip(短途的，往返的)旅行@travel旅行(指旅行的最常用词汇)，游历；#@reason理由，原因，动机@cause原因，导致某事发生的人或事@excuse饶恕，借口；#@sense感觉，官能，判断力，见识，···感，意义，理性@idea想法，念头，意见，主意@thought可以成为理论体系的思想；#@reward报酬，酬金，奖赏@award奖，奖品，奖学金；#@rather相当(含贬义)既可用在不定冠词前，也可用在不定冠词后，如a rather easy book=rather an easy book @fairly相当(含褒义)用于不定冠词后，如a fairy easy book；#@possible四五分可能，一般用法@likely六七分可能@probably八九分可能，多指据某些事实推断的可能； #@abstract抽象的，深奥的@complicated, complex复杂的@mysterious, incomprehensible, obscure, unintelligible费解的@confused, bewildered, perplexed混杂的，不清楚的，迷惑的；#@acquaintance熟人@associate, companion伙伴@intimate, confidant密友，知己@friend朋友；#@perseverant, persistent, relentless坚持不懈的@insistent坚持的@unyielding不屈服的@determined, resolute, resolve有决心的@firm, decided坚决的；#@instructive, educational, enlightening教育性的，启发性的@meaningful有意义的@valuable有价值的@good有益的；#@not a little很，非常@not a bit一点也不；#@be afraid to do···因胆小而不敢···@ be afraid of(doing) sth担心或害怕某事的发生@be afraid that···恐怕···；#@mean to do sth打算做某事@mean doing sth意味着做某事；#@injury平时的大小创伤或伤害@would战斗中刀或枪的创伤，伤口@hurt由指精

神上的伤害@harm=damage损失、损害(不表示伤害)；#@farther距离上更进一步@further程度上更进一步；#@within oneself在自身范围内@by oneself独自@in oneself 本质上@of oneself 自动@for oneself亲自；#过去常常：@would一般与动态性动词连用而不与状态性动词连用@used to既可与动态性动词连用又可与状态性动词连用，例如：我们可以说He used to be a worker但是不能说He would be a worker，因为be a worker是一个状态性动词

2常见词组：常见动词短语词组(按首字母顺序排列)break：@ break away from脱离，打破@break down(机械)故障，坍塌，(计划等)失败，分解@break in闯入，插话@break into闯入，破门而入@break out(战争、火灾、瘟疫)爆发，突然发生@break off打断，折断，断绝，解除(婚约等)@break up分解，打碎，(婚姻、友谊等)破裂@驱散(人群等)；bring：@bring down使(价格等)降低@bring forward提出(建议等)@bring in引入，赚得，增加@bring out出版，拿出@bring sb back to health使某人恢复健康@bring up抚养，教育，呕吐；call：@call at(sp)拜访(某地)@call back召回，叫回来，回电话@call for请求，要求，提倡@call in召集，邀请，指派@call on号召，拜访(某人)@call up打电话给···,使人想起；carry：@carry out执行，进行，实现@carry on继续进行@carry off夺走；cut：cut down砍倒，削减@cut off切断(水、电、线路、供应)@cut through剪断，凿穿@cut up割断，切碎；do：@do a good deed做好事@do the deed付诸行动，生效@do sb a favor帮某人一个忙，给某人恩惠@do well in在···方面做得好@do with对付，与···相处@do wrong to sb对某人做错事，冤枉某人@do up整理，扣(纽扣)，梳头发；get：@get along/on with(事情等)进展，与···相处@get away from逃跑，离开@get back回来，取回@get in插话，收割@get off下车，脱下(衣服等)@get on上车@get to到达@get up起来，起床@get through完成，通过，打通(电话)@get up to到达，专心于，遇到@get close to接近，靠近@get down to(doing) sth开始(做)某事；give：@give in屈服，让步@give up放弃@give away赠送，泄露，出卖@give out分发(试卷等)，发出(气味等)，发布，发表，用完，耗尽，精疲力竭；go：@go up上升，增长，使兴建起来@go out出去，熄灭，过时，罢工，向往，辞职，倒塌@go in for喜爱，参加，追求，从事，赞成@go with伴随，与···相配@go against反对，违反，不利于@go ahead前进，进行，开始，往下说@go along前进，进行，赞同，支持，陪···一起走@go back to追溯到@go by(时间等)过去，(从···旁)走过，依照，顺便走访@go over复习，走到另一边，改变立场@go through浏览，翻阅，仔细检查@go off离开，去世，消失，睡去，进行，变质，爆炸，被发射@go away走开，别傻了！hold：@hold on不挂断(电话)，坚持@hold back隐瞒，阻止，退缩不前@hold out伸出，提出，坚持@hold to坚持，紧握@hold up阻塞，阻挡，使停顿，举起；keep：@keep back阻止，隐瞒，留下@keep up维持，保持@keep off避开，不接近@keep on doing sth继续做某事@keep out (of)使在外，不让进入@keep away from使离开；knock：@knock down撞倒@knock over弄倒，打翻@knock at/on敲(门等)@knock into撞在某人身上@knock out敲出来；put：@put down记下，写下，拒绝，镇压，羞辱，削减，制止，取缔@put on穿上，把···放在···上，假装，增加，欺骗，靠···维持生命@put off推迟，拖延，搪塞，扔掉，脱掉，劝阻，使分心，使厌恶@put away放好，储存···备用，处理掉，放弃，抛弃@put out扑灭，生产，消除，打扰，作出努力，使退场@put up with忍受，容忍@put up张贴，举起，进行，提供，表现出，建造，推举；stand：@stand out杰出的，显眼，坚持，不屈服@stand for代表，表示，支持，主张@stand up起立，经久耐用，忍受@stand by在场，支持@stand down退出(竞选)，撤岗(士兵)；send：@send for派人去请@send up发射@send out发送，派遣@send away打发走@send off给···送行；set：@set off出发，引起，使爆发，使爆炸@set out着手，动身@set about doing开始做某事，着手做某事@set aside留出，拨出@set up建立，创立，树立@set back使···后退，使···延迟，拨回、拨慢(钟表)@set down记下，降落(飞机)，放下(行李)，停车让乘客下车；take：@take in接受，接待，吸收@take up占据，从事，接纳@take away拿走，带走@take out取出@take down拿下，记下@take off飞机(起飞)，脱下(衣服)，(事业)腾飞@take along随身携带@take sb back to使某人回想起@take on呈现；turn：@turn up出现，到达，调大(音量等)@turn down拒绝，调低(音量等)@turn in交上，上缴@turn into变成@turn off关闭(收音机、电视机、煤气、自来水等)开关@ turn on打开(收音机、电视机、煤气、自来水等)开关@turn to转向，求助于@turn out证明是，结果是@turn over翻动，翻过来@turn away解雇，离开，把···打发走；

Part 5 ：翻译 翻译题（汉译英）解题步骤

1通读句子，找出句子的主干，分析要翻译的部分在句子中担当的成分，若是主语，则被翻译部分应为名词、动名词、或由That 引导的主语从句；

2选择合适的句型或固定词组来组合、贯穿成句；

3优化细节，检查是否出现了语法和时态上的错误并予以纠正；

4通读翻译好了的全句，看是否通顺连贯。

翻译题解题方法

1分句法：将原文的一个复杂的句子切成几段，译为两个或两个以上的较为简单的句子；

2合句法：把两个或两个复杂的句子整合为一个句子；

3联想法：平时积累一些常用的句型，考试时联想以前记过的类似的句子，仿造出题目中要翻译的句子； 4解题时综合运用以上几种方法。

提高翻译水平的方法

1平时多读文章，同时注意积累和识记一些常用句型；

2平时适当做一些简单的句子的翻译，翻译时不仅仅局限于一种方法，如某个句子，既可用一个复合句翻译出来，也可用多个简单句表示出来，即可用定语从句翻译，又可用状语从句来表示等

必须掌握的两种搭配

1与to do搭配的动词：@persuade sb to do说服某人做···@refuse to do拒绝做···@pretend to do假装做···@cause sb to do导致某人做···@hope to do=wish to do=want to do希望做···@offer to do主动提出做···@manage to do成功的做了···@set out to do开始做···@attempt to do试图做···@volunteer to do自愿做···@be likely to do可能做···@intend to do=mean to do打算做···@be content to do=be content with doing乐于做···@determined to do决心做···@sb be supposed to do某人理应···@force sb to do迫使某人做···@advise sb to do sth=advise doing sth建议做···@be eager to do渴望做···@make sure to do确保做··· @the first/last to do最先/后做···@recommend sb to do sth建议某人做···

2与doing搭配的动词：@delay doing sth耽误做···@be accustomed to doing sth@enjoying doing乐于做···@appreciate doing乐意做···@practice doing练习做···@suggest doing建议做···@keep doing一直做···@feel like doing喜欢做···@consider doing考虑做···@imagine doing想象做···@dislike doing不喜欢做···@mind doing介意做···@get down to doing开始做@avoid doing避免做···@resist doing反对做···@risk doing冒险做···@escape doing避免做···@admit doing承认做了···@deny doing否认做了···@miss doing错过了做···@be used to doing习惯于做···@be worth doing值得做···@can’t help doing情不自禁做···@can’t stand doing忍不住做···@give up doing放弃做···@insist on doing坚持做···@look forward to doing渴望做···@pay attention to doing注意做···@put off doing推迟做···@set about doing开始做···

重要的语法知识

1用主动表被动的几种情况：@表示状态特征的系动词(如look、sound、feel、smell、taste、appear)例：The silk feels soft蚕丝摸起来很软；@表示“开始、结束、运动”的词(如begin、Start、end、open、close、stop、run、move)例：用主动表被动，因为商店是被打开)这个商店每天上午8点开门；@表示主语的某种属性特征的词(如read、write、wash、sell、wear、lock、dry、shut、drink)例：#The kind of cloth washes well(布是被洗)这种布很好洗。#The pen writes smoothly(笔被写)这支钢笔写起来很流畅；@表示“发生、进行”的一些不及物动词，汉语常误认为是及物动词的词(如happen、take place、break out、come out、last、come true、run out)例：How long will the interview last? 这个会议将持续多久？@做need、want、require、bear等词的宾语，用动词的ing形式的主动表被动，相当于不定式的被动形式。例：The house needs repairing=The house needs to be repaired这栋房子需要修理了；@worth后面跟动词形式

的主动形式表示被动，但不能跟不定式。例：The film is worth seeing a second time=This film is worthy to be seen(不能说worth to see)这部电影值得一看；@不定式在某些形容词后(如nice、easy、difficult、hard、fit、important、pleasant、interesting、unfit、light、heavy等)作状语且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式表示被动。例：#This problem is difficult to work out(问题被解答，但不用be work out,而直接用work out)这个问题很难解答。#We find English not easy to learn.我们发现英语不容易学；@不定式作后置定语时，与被修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且和该句的主语或宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式用主动形式表示被动。例：I’ll give children some books to read.(书被看)我将给孩子们一些书读；@rent、let、blame等词不定式用主动表被动。例：Who is to blame for the accident(人被责备)谁应该为这起事故(的发生)受责备

2情态动词与虚拟语气：#情态动词+have done的用法：@must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测。例：It must have been rained last night.昨晚肯定下了雨；@can/can’t have done表示对过去事情的怀疑和不肯定，常用于否定句和疑问句。例：He can’t have been there.他不会去过那里吧(有些怀疑的推测)。又如：Can he have been there?他可不可能去过那里呢？@could have done除了表示“可能已经···”之外，还可表示“本来可以···”。例：When you were in New York, you could have stayed with Mary, but you didn’t.你在纽约的时候本来可以和玛丽在一起的，但是你没有；@may/might have done表示对过去已经发生的事情的推测，意思是“也许、或许”，只用于肯定句和否定句。Might的语气更加不肯定。例：She might have caught a cold.她或许已经感冒了(不肯定的语气)；@might have done表示“本来可能”之外，还表示“本来应该或可以做某事”，含有轻微的责备语气。例：Busy as you were, you might have given him some help.虽然你忙，但你本来可以给他提供一些帮助的(含责备义)；@should/ought to have done用于肯定句，表示“原本应该做却未做”，其否定式表示“原本不该做却做了”。例：We should have worked hard in the last two years.过去两年我们本应该努力工作的；@needn’t have done表示本来不必做却做了。例：It’s too near. We needn’t have take a taxi.太近了，我们本没必要搭出租车的；@had better have done用于事后的建议，含轻微的责备语气，“当时最好做了某事”。其否定式表达相反含义。例：You had better not have scolded such a little boy.你当时最好不要责备一个这么小的小男孩；@would rather have done表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，其否定式表达相反含义，都含有后悔之意。例：I’d rather have followed his advice.我宁愿我当时听从了他的建议。#虚拟语气：@于现在事实相反的假设：If+主语+动词的过去式(be用were),主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形。例：If I were 如果我是你，我就接受了那份礼物；@于过去事实相反的假设：If+主语+had done, 主语+would/should/could/might +have done.例：faced so much trouble.如果你早些时候听从了他的建议，你就不会遇到这么多麻烦了；@与将来事实相反的假设：*If+主语+动词的过去式, 主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形。例：If I were a tiger, I would never hurt people.如果我是一只老虎，我将永远也不会伤人。* If+主语+were to+动词原形, 主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形。例：如果明天下雨，我就不会出去。* If+主语+should+动词原形, 主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形。例：If it were to rain 如果明天下雨，我就不会出去；

3名词性从句：@主语从句：主语从句在复合句中做主语，常用的引导词有：连接词that和whether；连接代词who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever；连接副词where、when、how、why.其中除了连接词that和whether在句中不作成分但是不能省略之外，所有连接代词和链接副词在句中都充当句子成分。如That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us(该主语从句作整个句子的主语，由that引导，that不可省略).上个月他突然生病使我们很吃惊；’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚；Whoever comes is welcome.无论谁来都欢迎；Which of the question is to be discussed first doesn’t matter very much.哪一个问题先讨论关系不大；在实际应用中，常用it作形式主语，而将做真正主语的主语从句后置。例：It doesn’t matter so much whether Mr.wang will come or not.(it作形式主语，后面的句子作真正的主语)王先生来不来关系不大；用it作形式主语的that有以下四种不同的搭配关系：* It +be+-ed分词+that-从句。例It is said/reported/thought/expected/decided/announced/arranged···that···；* It +be+名词 +that-从句。

例It is common knowledge that···.···是常识、 It is a surprise that···令人惊奇的是···、It is a fact that···.事实是···；* It +be+形容词 +that-从句。例It is necessary/important/strange/obvious/true/natural/surprising/good/wonderful/funny/possible/likely/certain/probable that···；* It +不及物动词+that-从句。例It happeded/appeared/semmed/occurred that···；@宾语从句：宾语从句在复合句中做及物动词、某些形容词或介词的宾语。常用的引导词有：连接词that和if/whether；连接代词who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever；连接副词where、when、how、why.其中除了连接词that和if/whether在句中不作成分并且that可以省略之外，所有连接代词和链接副词在句中都充当句子成分。如果宾语从句较长，亦常用it作形式宾语，将宾语从句后置。例：we all think it necessary 作think的宾语).我们都认为你必须立刻去那儿。宾语从句的否定转移：在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句中，有时从句尽管是否定意思，其谓语动词却不用否定形式，而将主句中的动词think等变为否定形式。例：I don’t think you are right.意思是I think you are not right(但一般不用此法表述)。又如：I don’t suppose he cares, does he?我想他不在意，是吗？@表语从句：表语从句位于主句系动词之后，在复合句中做表语。常用的引导词有：连接词that ，whether和as if；连接代词who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever；连接副词where、when、how、why.其中除了连接词that ，whether和as if在句中不作成分并且不能省略之外，所有连接代词和链接副词在句中都充当句子成分。例：That is how he managed to overcome the difficulties(作表语，由how引导).那就是他克服困难的方法。又如：The car is where you parked it(作表语，由where引导).车就在你放的地方；@同位语从句：同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词(如：belief, decision, discovery, doubt, evidence, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, opinion, promise, report, reply, suggestion, story, thought, truth, word)后，用来解释说明名词所表示的具体内容，引导同位语从句的引导词通常有：连接词that ，whether；连接代词who、what、which、whose和连接副词where、when、how、why.其中除了连接词that 和whether在句中不作成分并且不能省略之外，所有连接代词和链接副词在句中都充当句子成分。例：Word came that Napoleon would inspect the army several days later(作word的同位语，由that引导).有消息传来说拿破仑几天后要来视察军队。I have no idea when she will be back(作idea的同位语，由when引导).我不知道他何时回来。

4定语从句（分为限制性的和非限制性的，限制性定语从句不用逗号“,”和主句隔开，是主句不可缺少的定语，如删除则主句表意不完整；而非限制性定语从句用逗号“，”和主句隔开，只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除主句仍能表达完整的意思。例限制性定语从句：Everything that he done is in vain(不可缺少，无逗号隔开).他所做的一切都是徒劳；非限制性定语从句：She has given me a beautiful card, which I’m using as a 可以删除，由逗号和主句隔开，非限制性定语从句可用which引导，但不能用that来引导) 她给了我一张美丽的卡片，我用它做书签。）@定语从句是修饰某一名词或代词的从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。先行词指的是被定语从句修饰的词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。*who指人，在定语从句中做主语。例：We are going to read a poem by Du Fu, who was one of the greatest poets of the Tang Dynasty.我们将要读杜甫的诗，他是唐代最伟大的诗人之一。*whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。例：The artist(whom)we have just met is said to be good at painting tigers.据说我们刚遇到的艺术家擅长画虎。*whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。例：I visited a lady whose novels are popular 作修饰lady的定语).我拜访了一位女士，她的小说我们都很喜欢。Whose指物时，常用“名词+介词+which”的形式来替代：Do you like the book whose cover is blue?=Do you like the book the cover of which is blue?你喜欢那本蓝色封面的书吗？*which指物，可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，在限制性定语从句中作宾语时常可省略。例：The house which is by the lake looks nice.(作house的定语，由which引导)湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。It is the book(which)I bought at the bookstore.(which可以省略)这是我在书店买的书。She has given me a beautiful card, which I’m using as a bookmark.(非限制性定语从句，可用which引导，但不能用that来引导)她给了我一张美丽的卡片，我用它做书签。*that指人时，相

当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。不能引导非限制性定语从句。Who is the man that/whom/(__) I saw this morning(可不填,因为the man作saw的宾语，可以省略)?我今天早上看到的那个人是谁？Yesterday I received an invitation that/which/(__) came from France(可不填,因为an invitation作received的宾语，可以省略).昨天我收到了一封来自法国的邀请函。只能用that作关系代词的情况：*先行词既有人又有物。Do you know the things and the people that I have learned?( 先行词既有人又有物，只可用that来引导)我知道的这些事和人，你了解吗？*先行词是all, something, everything, nothing, anything, none等不定代词。我所能做的就是陪她一起哭。Everything that he has done is in vain.他所做的一切都是徒劳的。*先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。This is the best composition that I have written.这是我写的最好的作文。*先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to mind is Beijing.人们谈论中国的城市时，首先想到的是北京。*先行词是all, much, little, few或被all, much, little, few以及the only, the very, any, every, some, no, none of等词或短语所修饰。惟一有关系的事是找到回家的路。*定语从句中套有另一个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which。He visited a factory 前有which，故此处用that)他参观了一个工场，其制造的产品很畅销。*主句已有疑问词who/which。例：Who is the man that was talking to you just now?刚才和你说话的人是谁？Which is the book that you like?你喜欢的书是那一本？*在定语从句中作表语，无论指人还是指物都用that。作the naughty boy的表语)他不再是过去那个调皮的男孩了。 5状语从句，主要与倒装句相关：@完全倒装：*there be句型中用完全倒装。正常语序是the bell goes there)听，铃响了；*以here, there, in, out, up, down, now, then, away等开头的句子用完全倒装以表示强调。Down fell the woman from the tenth floor when she was cleaning the class.(正常语序应是The woman fell down from the tenth floor when she was cleaning the class ) 当清洁窗户的时候这名妇女(不慎)从十楼落下. 但值得注意的是一种特殊情况：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。例：Here it is.又如：Out he comes.*当地点状语位于句首时，也常引起全部倒装。At the foot of the hill lives a poor family. (正常语序应是

A poor family lives at the foot of the hill )在这个山脚下住着一户穷苦人家。In the dark forests lie many lakes.在这片阴暗的森林里有许多湖泊。*将表语置于句首时用完全倒装。Gone are the days when we were in poverty. (正常语序应是The days when we were in poverty are gone)我们处于穷困的日子都过去了。@部分倒装：*部分倒装用于以so, neither, nor开头的句子，表示前面所说的内容也适用于后者。句子的时态、人称和数与本句的主语保持一致。Mary has passed the driving test.----So have I .玛丽已经通过了驾驶测试，我也一样。He would never come to this city again.----neither/Nor would I.他永远也不会来这座城市了，我也一样。*以否定词或带有否定意义的短语开头的句子通常要部分倒装。常用表示否定意义的词或短语：never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, nowhere, in no way, at no time, in no case, by no means, in/under no condition, under no circumstances, not once, not only, not until, hardly···when···, no sooner···than···.into the apartment did he know a girl had been killed in it.直到搬进了那所房子他才知道有一个女孩在那里被杀了。Hardly/Scarcely had the actor finished the make-up when the performance began.这个作者还没化好妆，表演就开始了。但需注意一种特殊情况：not only···but also···,neither···nor···连接主语时，虽位于句首也不用倒装。Not only China but also other Asia countries are paying more attention to education.不仅仅是中国还有其他亚洲国家都更加重视教育了。Neither Chinese nor Japanese won’t forget that wartime.中国人和日本人都不能忘记战争年代。*only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，句子需要部分倒装。直到我为人父母时才意识到发现抚养一个小孩是多么的不容易。Only with hard work can you expect to get a pay rise.只有努力工作你才能指望加薪。但也需注意一种特殊情况：only后面的词组不是状语则不用倒装。Only teachers have access to the library.只有老师才有权进入这个图书馆。*often, always, once, many a time, then, thus, now and then等词置于句首，表示强调时，句子要部分倒装。Often do I warn them not to do so.我经常提醒他们不要这么做。Thus was it stolen.它就是这么被偷的。*虚拟语气中if

off.如果明天下雨，比赛就会被推迟。*So+形容词+that-从句，such+名词+that-从句在句首时，要部分倒装。这些抢劫犯这么聪明，他们减少了劳动量。他碰到一个如此难解的题目，以至于他发现他不得不放弃。*某些表示祝愿的句子要用倒装句式。May you have a good time.希望你过得开心。Long live the Chinese people.中国人名万岁。@形式上的倒装：形式上的倒装语法上称为前置，只是把要强调的内容提到句首，主谓语序不变，常见的由：*感叹句；*名词性从句；*whatever, however, whoever引导的让步状语从句；*as引导的让步状语从句；*the more···the more···句型。What a long way it is from Beijing to London!(感叹句)从北京到伦敦真远啊！However amusing the story is, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week. (however引导的让步状语从句)无论这个故事多么迷惑人，我这周都必须把它收起来集中精力学习。Much as I love her, I won’t satisfy her unreasonable requirement. (as引导的让步状语从句)虽然我很爱她，也不能满足她无理的要求。Poor as we are, we are not short of confidence.虽然我们穷，但是不缺少自信。As far as I’据我所知，教育就是学习，你学得越多，你为你的人生装备得也越多。

6补充知识：@must+动词原形表示对现在事实的推测，反意部分用过去时态的be动词或助动词。例：He must be at home now, isn’t he?他现在一定在家，对吗？@must+have+done表示对过去事实的推测，反意部分根据主句来定，若主句包含有某一明确的过去时间，则反意部分用主句中对应be动词的过去时，否则用have/has。例：He must have been to Beijing, hasn’t he?他一定去过北京了，是吗？He must have been to Beijing yesterday, wasn’t he?他昨天去过北京了，对吗？@两种疑问句式：#由how引导：注意主语和谓语的顺序)#由what引导：What a beautiful girl?#由so引导：So beautiful are you! (注意主语和谓语的顺序)；独立主格结构，表示原因)没有公交车了，我们不得不坐出租车。

怎样学好英语

1兴趣是最好的老师(一定不要把学英语当成负担，始终把它当成一件有趣的事来做)

如何激发学习英语的兴趣：坚持“多说”“多听”、“多读”、“多写”、“多参加活动”

@“多说”：多参加英语角，多为自己创造与外教交谈的机会，大胆的与外籍朋友交流，或在日常生活中用英语和好友交谈，也可上专门的英语学习网站用英语和他人交流，对自己一定要有信心，多用你学过的词汇，不要怕出错，学英语必须热爱“丢脸”。

@“多听”：经常去英语角之类的地方，当别人在用英语交流时，大胆的参与其中，听听各种各样的人的发音，或者听听学过的课文的录音磁带，也可上网去看诸如“希望之星英语风采大赛”之类的英语节目，或者收看中央9台的新闻，看看英语电影，不一定要听懂，很多时候只是简单的去感受一种英语的氛围。此外还可以找一些很纯正的英语录音来听，如《走遍美国》，不一定要很认真的去听，任何时候都可以放一下，即使听不懂，即使没记住，也能在潜意识中留下印象，对形成语感很有帮助。

@“多读”：选择一些有趣的小读物，每天睡前或某一空闲时间读一下(建议睡前看，睡前看的东西更容易记住，实在看不进去的话，还可以用来催眠，呵呵)，能够帮助提高阅读速度。（个人认为读英语美文比较好，诸如《最美丽的英文》之类的书，既能提高审美水平，又能学习英语，一举两得）

@“多写”：可以考虑写英语日记,写一写当天发生的事情，或者记一下当天学的某一个词组，创设一个语境恰如其分的运用这个词组，日记不需要很长，有感而发，想些什么就写什么，如果不能确定所写句子正确与否，可借助网上的在线翻译工具输入自己想表达的中文句子，对照一下自己的句子和在线翻译中给出的句子，找出差距。

@“多参加活动”：可参加英语配音比赛，英语话剧表演，英语朗诵比赛，英语风采大赛等等，在参加活动的同时发现学习英语的趣味性

2注重阅读

把学习的重点放到阅读上，词汇与阅读齐头并进，你读的东西多了，遇到同一个生词的次数也就多了，看

得多了这个单词自然也就熟悉了，记住了，每次阅读过程中遇到的生词都做好标记，读完全文后，一定要查阅字典，不要求一次记住，但对这个单词的主要意思和用法应该有个大概的印象，最好把这些单词记到一个小本子上(记的时候最好把该单词所在的句子也抄上去，作为例句，毕竟记“活”单词比记“死”单词要容易)，随身携带，有时间拿出来看一下，回忆一下它的意义和用法。此外最好记得随身备一本英汉互译小词典，遇到生词时查一下，不必刻意去记忆，多查几次，多用几次自然就记住了。阅读的过程除了可以学习到一些生词外，还可以积累一下好的句型句式，培养语感，对于某些好的文章，还可以试着去背诵。一定要养成好的阅读习惯，持之以恒，每天保证一定阅读英语的时间，不需要很长，可以只是睡前五分钟。 3熟能生巧

什么都在于多练，对于文科性质的东西大多都注重积累，英语也不例外。可以根据自己的空闲时间来制定一个好的计划，下苦功夫，多看多做多练，这样持之以恒，积累的东西自然就多了，而语感也是在这一过程中形成的。如果不想看太枯燥乏味的东西，可以试试通过做自己感兴趣的事情来学习英语，例如学唱英文歌曲，背诵英语诗歌，美文(也可以尝试自己写一些这之类的东西)，看看纯英语但有中文字幕的电影，或者英语小故事，寓言等，总而言之就是要把学习英语当作一件有趣的事来做。

四级考试相关知识查阅网站

1大学英语四级考试网

2大学英语四级复习指导网

3大学英语四六级考试指南网