1.出事故是否与戴头盔有关，论者的论证不能足够说明。首先论者对于戴头盔会使人更容易冒险的结论完全没有根据，他没有提供任何资料证明戴头盔的人都觉得这样很安全。完全有可能戴头盔的人会比不戴的人更加小心。其次论者也没有提供有多少戴头盔的人出了事故，如果出事故的人大多数都没有戴头盔，这样就不能证明戴头盔会使得容易出现事故。 导致事故增加的原因也有可能是：现在的自行车行车速度较快，没有足够的自行车专用道，机动车数量增加，行人和机动车不守交规等等。

2.论者在结论中建议加强自行车安全教育，并且将教育的重点放在其他因素，而不仅仅强调安全帽。但这个建议的实用性是建立在一下几个assumptions之上的：自行车的安全教育会引发大家的重视，政府会常年坚持实施这种教育，在未来自行车还是人们的主要交通工具，行人一旦注意骑车安全就可以避免交通事故，等等。另外，论者还认为可以不必强调安全帽的重要性，这一点似乎也与人们的常识相悖。

习作1

In this argument, the author concludes that bicyclists feel safer because they are wearing helmets, and they take more risks as a result. To strengthen this conclusion, the author provides ann outcome of a survey which indicates that during last ten years, the number of bicyclists who wear helmets has increased form 35percent to 80 percent while the number of serious injuries has increased 200 percent. The author also points out that to reduce the number of serious injuries from bicycle accidents, the government should concentrate more on educating people about bicycle safety and less on encouraging bicyclists to wear helmets. At first glance, the argument might be somehow reasonable, but close scrutiny reveals that it contains several unconvincing assumptions and is therefore unpersuasive.

First of all,it is unwarranted that those who wear helmets are more willing to take risks in the author’s side. The author fails to provide evidence to prove those who wear helmets feel doing so is safer.It is possible that they are more cautious than those who don’t wear helmets.Moreover, the author provides no evidence that no wearing helmets is the reason why those people get injured.The author fails to consider other alternative reason for the increment of accidents.Such alternative reason may include that lacking of bicycle lane or increasing of bicycle speed.

Second, the author’s advice for government’s educating to people is based on several assumptions . The first assumption is that safe education are capable to draw attention on people’s awareness. Besides, bicyclists could definitely circumvent accidents by paying more attention to safe. Apparently, it is unreasonable. What’s more, the author seems to underestimate the effectiveness of helmets.

In sum, the argument relies on several poor assumptions and is therefore unconvincing as it stand. To bolster the argument the author must provide more evidence to convince us.

习作2

In this newsletter, the author concludes that to reduce the number of serious injuries from bicycle, the government should concentrate more on educating people about bicycle safety instead of encouraging them to wear helmets. To strengthen his conclusion, the author provides statistics about the rate of bicyclists wearing helmets ten years ago and now. Meanwhile, the author also mentions that the number of bicycle-related accidents has increased 200 percent. According of these, the author gets a conclusion that bicyclists wearing helmets feel safer and they take more risks. At first glance, the conclusion might be somehow reasonable, but close scrutiny reveals that it contains several unconvincing assumptions and is therefore unpersuasive.

First, the author observes a correlation between the increment of the helmet-wearing rate and the arising number of bicycle-related, and then states that the former is the cause of the latter, which might not be the case. The author ignores a fact that during a long period of ten years, the number of bicycle has increased normally. If the increasing number of bicycle is commensurate with the increasing number of bicycle accidents, the conclusion the author made is largely undermined. Even I concede that the bicycle-related accident increased, the author’s conclusion remains questionable. The author

makes an unwarranted assumption that all bicycle-related accidents are because of bicyclists taking more risk. It is possible that in some accidents the counterparts should take responsibility for the injuries instead of bicyclists.

Second, the author dose not provide evidence to prove that bicyclists feel safer because they are wearing helmets and they take more risks as a result. Without this premise, it is impossible for the author to get a conclusion that concentrating on educating people about bicycle safety is more essential than encouraging or requiring bicyclists to wear helmets. Admittedly, common sense tells us that it seems questionable to neglect the significance of wearing helmets.

In sum, the author’s conclusion, while it seems logical at first, has several flaws as discussed above. The conclusion should be improve by providing detail evidence and if so, his conclusion might be more persuasive.

 

第二篇：百篇作文123

CONTENTS

1. Water Problems .......................................................................................................................................... 4

2. My Opinion on Money for Children as Lunar New Year Gift ............................................................... 5

3. My View on How to Solve the Rubbish Problem in Cities. .................................................................... 5

4. My Comments on collecting tuition.......................................................................................................... 5

5. To Learn with Success................................................................................................................................ 6

6. The Cooperation......................................................................................................................................... 6

7. The Taxi in a Big city ................................................................................................................................. 7

8. The Fast Food Restaurants in a Big City ................................................................................................. 7

9. Work and Recreation ................................................................................................................................. 8

10. How to Keep Healthy ............................................................................................................................... 8

11. Private Tutoring........................................................................................................................................ 8

12. Reading ..................................................................................................................................................... 9

13. Grain Crisis ............................................................................................................................................ 10

14.Women in the Modern World ................................................................................................................ 10

15. Are You Ready? ...................................................................................................................................... 11

16. Computers............................................................................................................................................... 12

17. Part-time Jobs ........................................................................................................................................ 12

18. Housing Shortage in Large City ........................................................................................................... 13

19. The Approach of the Information Age ................................................................................................. 13

20. Attending college at one’s own expense................................................................................................ 13

21. How to prepare for a job interview ...................................................................................................... 14

22. A road Accident ...................................................................................................................................... 14

23. Choosing Careers ................................................................................................................................... 15

24. Make Cities Greener .............................................................................................................................. 15

25. To make friends ...................................................................................................................................... 16

26. Competition and Cooperation............................................................................................................... 16

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27. How to Fit Your Reading Speed to Your Needs ................................................................................... 17

28. To Tell the Truth or Not Tell the Truth................................................................................................. 17

29. Technology and Social Changes ............................................................................................................ 18

30. Why People Work .................................................................................................................................. 18

31. Keys to Success ....................................................................................................................................... 19

32. Problems Caused by the Shifting Population ...................................................................................... 19

33. The Importance of Interpersonal Communication............................................................................. 20

34. The Role of Migrant Workers ............................................................................................................... 21

35. Is Score Important? ............................................................................................................................... 21

36. How to Raise Children?......................................................................................................................... 22

37. The Importance of Self-Confidence...................................................................................................... 22

38. Should College Graduates Go the West? ............................................................................................. 23

39. The Importance of Social Practice........................................................................................................ 23

40. On Graduate Mania............................................................................................................................... 24

41. White Pollution....................................................................................................................................... 24

42. Taking Part in School Activities ............................................................................................................ 24

43. My View on the New Tuition Policy...................................................................................................... 25

44. Where There is a Will, There is a Way ................................................................................................. 25

45. The qualities of the Cross-century Talents........................................................................................... 26

46. Should Firecrackers Be Banned? ......................................................................................................... 26

47. How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic ........................................................................................ 27

49. Choosing a Job ....................................................................................................................................... 28

50. The Hope Project.................................................................................................................................... 28

51. A letter to Apply for Scholarship .......................................................................................................... 29

52. To Become a Graduate or an Employee............................................................................................... 29

53. How to Choose Good Book.................................................................................................................... 30

54. Working Women in China..................................................................................................................... 30

55. Resume .................................................................................................................................................... 31

56. A Letter to Apply for a Job.................................................................................................................... 32

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57. Should Private Cars Be Encouraged in China .................................................................................... 32

58. Education and the Market .................................................................................................................... 33

59.Fake and Inferior Goods ........................................................................................................................ 33

61. Don’t Hesitate to Say No ....................................................................................................................... 34

62. A Letter to a Schoolmate........................................................................................................................ 35

63. A Letter to President about the Canteen.............................................................................................. 35

64. How I Finance My College Education.................................................................................................. 36

65. Do “Lucky Number ” Really Bring Good Luck?................................................................................ 36

67. Getting to Know the world outsides the Campus................................................................................ 37

68. Influence of Childhood on a Person’s Later Life ................................................................................ 38

69. Part-time Job on the Campus ............................................................................................................... 38

70. Practice Makes Perfect .......................................................................................................................... 38

71. Children’s Schoolbags Are Getting Heavier ........................................................................................ 39

72. Reading Comprehension in CET.......................................................................................................... 39

73. Self-confidence........................................................................................................................................ 40

74. My View on Job-hopping....................................................................................................................... 40

75. The World is Getting Smaller and Smaller.......................................................................................... 41

76. Intelligence and Diligence...................................................................................................................... 41

77. Economic Status and Women’s Equality ............................................................................................. 42

78. Internet.................................................................................................................................................... 42

79. Good or Evil of Suspending Study to Establish a Business? .............................................................. 43

80. Surfing on the Internet .......................................................................................................................... 43

81. Laid-off Workers Have to Face Reality ............................................................................................... 44

82. My View on the Amalgamation of Universities ................................................................................... 44

83. About Studying Abroad ......................................................................................................................... 45

84. Working at Home ................................................................................................................................... 45

85. The Negative Effects of Promoting the Sale of Goods at the Door .................................................... 46

86. Two New Approaches to Environment Regulation ............................................................................. 47

87. Internet—Two-Edged Sword ................................................................................................................ 47

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88. Advantages and Disadvantages of the only Child ............................................................................... 48

89. Health, Wealth and Happiness.............................................................................................................. 48

90. On Clone ................................................................................................................................................. 49

91. How to Stop the Brain Drain................................................................................................................. 49

92. Don’t Push the Pupils too Hard ............................................................................................................ 50

93. Don’t Abuse “Code of Brotherhood” ................................................................................................... 50

94. Green Olympics ...................................................................................................................................... 51

95. Is Euthanasia Humane （安乐死人道吗）？ .................................................................................... 51

96. Private Schools ....................................................................................................................................... 52

97. Socialization of the Rear-service: ......................................................................................................... 52

98. Advertisements ....................................................................................................................................... 53

99. The Total Amount of China Import and Export ................................................................................. 53

100. Television and Newspapers.................................................................................................................. 54

101. Preserving Natural Resources............................................................................................................. 54 英文作文评析................................................................................................................ 错误！未定义书签。

1. Water Problems

As we all know, water plays an important role in every part of our life. First, we can’t live without water. Every day we must drink enough fresh water to meet the body’s need. Next, we need water to cook food and wash clothes. And we also need water to irrigate crops and use it in industrial production. However, not so many people are aware of the worth of water.

Now we are experiencing water crisis. First, our need for water is constantly increasing due to population growth. Second, with the development of industry and agriculture, more and more water is polluted, which leads to reduction in drinking water. Third, in our daily life, people waste a large quantity of water without any awareness. It is reported that the whole world is now in short of fresh water, and quite a few countries and areas are lacking enough water to drink. Without any doubt, we are now facing a very serious problem, water shortage.

It is evident that water is essential to our life, and it is being destroyed every day, so we should take various measures to cope with this situation. For example we can create much more fresh water. For another example, we should improve the technique of industrial and agricultural production, and decrease the pollution of water. Besides, a large scale of program should be carried out to educate 4

people to use water economically. Above every citizen has the responsibility to protect the fresh water on earth.

2. My Opinion on Money for Children as Lunar New Year Gift

In China there has been a custom that children will be given some money as a lunar New Year gift during the spring festival. These days, the money given to the children has become larger and larger. Some children are said to have received 5000 yuan during the spring festival. As children have money, they begin to spend it in a wasteful way. So some people think that this custom should be changed.

Other people think that it is all right to give children some money on special occasion, which can make them happy. They also think that children seldom receive money from their parents during the year, and they should learn how to spend it properly.

My opinion is that adults may give the children money as a gift, but this gift should not be too expensive. And they should tell the children how to spend it wisely. By spending it, children will learn to be independent.

3. My View on How to Solve the Rubbish Problem in Cities.

With the rapid development of cities, a new problem has emerged recently. There is a huge amount of city rubbish, which cannot be handled appropriately in big cities. Citizens throw away a lot of rubbish daily, and there is not enough space to dump it. As a result, the environment is polluted.

There should be several ways to deal with this problem. First, some of the rubbish can be reused after a proper treatment, for example, waste paper, bottles, metals, etc. People in the city should be told to classify their rubbish and the city government should collect the rubbish on time. In this way a large amount of rubbish can be retrieved, and reused. Second, some kinds of education should be carried out among the city people on not littering the rubbish and on the importance of protection the environment.

By accepting the two suggestions mentioned above, the wastes can be mad

4. My Comments on collecting tuition

Some people think it is reasonable for college students to pay the tuition for their higher education. They have got several reasons for that, one of which is that universities lack the funds to 5

operate properly. In the past, only the government financed the universities, and the funds were rather limited. Without sufficient funds, universities cannot develop healthily. The second reason is that college education should not be free, and most families can afford the tuition. When the students pay for their education, they will value their time and work harder at the university.

Other people argue against that because they think university education should be free of charge in China. And many students come from poor families in remote areas or mountain regions. When the tuition is required, these students will lose the chance to enter a university due to the lack of money.

My opinion is that all the students should be required to pay university tuition, but the amount should be reasonable and can be accepted by most of the parents. And the poor students should be subsidized or be given a chance to borrow a loan. In this way, the poor students can study at university, and the university can get certain amount of funds to develop further.

5. To Learn with Success

To learn with success is not a very difficult task if some fundamental principles are laid to be its bases. Usually, four indispensable principles should be mentioned, namely, diligence, devotion, constancy and punctuality.

All things can be conquered by diligence. It makes the foolish wise, the poor rich, and the humble noble. It produces a wonderful effect.

Devotion means to set our heart on one thing at a time and give up all other thoughts. Never think of learning another subject while studying one thing. Those who often change their studies will never succeed in the long run. Therefore, in order to be successful we need devotion.

Constancy makes success a certainty. On the other hand, inconstancy often results in failure. If we study day after day there is nothing which can not be achieved. We should remember a worthy proverb,” Constant dropping of water wears away a stone.”

Besides these there is another rule helping to one’s accomplishments, that is, punctuality. The habit of keeping a regular time is of extreme importance to successful learning. Work while work, play while play. Every man will certainly become strong and wise if he does these.

6. The Cooperation

Cooperation means that people should work together smoothly for the purpose of mutual benefit. In the work they should help each other and learn from each other. They should have mutual respect too.

Cooperation is important in our work. Without it, we will fail. For example, two years ago, our institute managed to get a joint research project with a university in the south of China. At first 6

everything went on all right. Then there was a misunderstanding and argument. Finally, the cooperation could not continue and the project failed. This example shows the importance of cooperation. I believe there are more examples in the life.

In my opinion, people should start to cultivate their sense of cooperation when they are very young. For example, in primary school, pupils should be taught how to play with others, and how to study together. At university, students should be told frequently that in today’s world, individual is impossible to make big achievements and they have to work or conduct research with others.

7. The Taxi in a Big city

Nowadays, in many big cities taxis have become an important transport means. They offer quick and convenient service to the city people. For example, if you need to get to the center of the city quickly for a meeting, a taxi driver can take you there on time. When someone is sick, a taxi driver can take him to hospital in a minute.

But, some problems exist in taxi services. From time to time, some taxi drivers refuse passengers, who would take a short distance trip from which the drivers can’t make much money. And some taxi drivers overcharge the passengers.

To solve these problems, I would like to suggest that passengers should first enhance awareness of self-protection and are ready to take down the taxi’s number and report to the organization concerned. On the other hand, a kind of punishment should be given to those drivers who have violated the certain regulations. In this way, the situation will turn for better.

8. The Fast Food Restaurants in a Big City

There are some foreign fast food restaurants in big cities such as pizza hut, hamburger stand, Mchdonald etc. These restaurants were set up not long ago, but developed very fast.

These restaurants can provide the city people with nice foreign food and wonderful service. They have also brought competition to catering trade in China. Many people like to go there because it is interesting to eat a foreign meal in a different way from ours, and it is also good to know something about a foreign eating style. The environment is nice and service is great there, too.

I think we should have more foreign restaurants in big cities. At the same time, we should learn something from these restaurants about management, service, and so on in order to improve and develop our own fast food industry.

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9. Work and Recreation

Work and recreation are closely related to each other. A proverb says: All work, no play, Jack becomes a dull boy. Usually, after, several hours of attentive study, students like to have a football game to relax their nerves. Workers, too, find it very satisfying to sit in front of a TV set for an hour or two when they come back from a day’s tiring work. Besides, recreation serves as a pleasing way for the retired people to pass their excessive time. And after your full relaxation, you will find yourself energetic again and go to work vigorously.

As for recreation in my spare time, there are two kinds mainly: physical and intellectual activities. The former is walking after meals or jogging in the early morning, which helps me healthy and energetic in the day. The latter is playing chess or reading historical novels that can enhance my thought and memory and provide temporary escape from one’s troubles.

In my opinion, recreation plays a positive role in our life. And what is important is that there should be a balance between work and recreation. Any extremity will bring harm to our life.

10. How to Keep Healthy

As we all know, nothing is more valuable to a person than his health. For one thing, good health is the foundation of happiness. If a person is sick most of his life, he can hardly be said to be a happy man. He may be always depressed and perhaps pessimistic. For another, health is also foundation of one’s success, if one wants to achieve in his career, he may pay attention to his health and stay healthy.

There are number of ways for us to ensure good health. Firstly, no matter how busy we are, we should have exercise every day to strengthen our body. Secondly, it is important to keep good hours. For example, if we are in the habit of going to bed early and getting up late early, we can avoid overworking ourselves and get enough sleep. Finally, entertainment is also necessary so that we may have some moments of relaxation. If we follow those instructions, we will certainly be in good health.

As far as I am concerned, I am in the habit of running along the track after I get up in the morning and playing basketball in the afternoon. Also I dance or go out on weekend.

11. Private Tutoring

A recent investigation shows that about 80 percent of pupils have private tutors. While private tutoring has both advantages and disadvantages, parents are usually at ease if they can find a good 8

tutor for their only-one child.

Such a popular practice indicates that people are placing greater importance on education. Many parents, for various reasons, missed the chance of obtaining a good education. When their children meet with difficulties in study, they are helpless. Private tutoring is the only one way to solve the problem. As private tutoring is usually one-to-one, the teacher knows the strong points as well as weak points of the pupil and this kind of teaching is, in most cases, direct to the points. Private tutoring benefits a lot of pupils, indeed.

While on the other hand, private tutoring has its own disadvantages. For one thing, it takes up so much of the pupil’s time that they can hardly find enough time for rest and play, which is essential for their physical and mental health. For another, some teachers, who are busy “shuttling ” from one family to another, tend to neglect their regular teaching duties. What is more, some teachers are eager to help pupils do well on the tests, offering the so-called tips for test-taking rather than help them acquire what is most need.

Generally speaking, the disadvantages outweigh the advantages. Greater emphasis should be laid on classroom teaching and practice, on the improvement of teaching quality and on the tapping of the pupils’ potential. Only in this way can a new generation be healthily brought up.

12. Reading

Reading is very important for enriching one’s knowledge. If one person doesn’t keep reading, he will only have an empty mind. The world is changing and a progress is made in every field. Different people have different experiences and opinions about everything. All these can be written in books. The books are treasures of the human race. Reading not only makes people become clever, but also makes them enjoy their lives.

Then, what one reads really matters, for one cannot read all the books published. In order to obtain helpful and useful knowledge or information, you should know how to select books for yourself. Some books that are valuable to you need to be bought, while others that are helpful to you need to be borrowed from the library or from others people.

Another thing is how to read books since one cannot pay equally attention to what he reads. Some books must be read carefully and repeatedly, such as textbooks and professional books. If a book belongs to the person, he may even mark in the margin of the pages. Some books are just for references, so you may refer to them when they are needed. Still others, such as novels, fictions, 9

entertaining magazines, are read just for fun. In this way, one may benefit a lot from reading, both intensively and extensively and enjoy what is interesting from most of the books we read.

13. Grain Crisis

Nowadays the whole world is experiencing a grain crisis. As reported, 30 percent of the people in the world suffer from the shortage, especially in the developing countries, such as people in Africa and Asia.

There are many reasons for widespread grain crisis. For one reason, there is an automatic increase due to population growth, and it is safe to say that in 20’s years time the demand for grain will be roughly double. Another reason for the grain change is that people need grain to be feed cattle, which consumes more of it. In addition, a large amount of farmland has been wasted because of the building construction. Finally, the not-so-advanced science and technology is also responsible for the poor production of grain in developing countries.

Faced with such a situation, it is obvious that everybody should be well educated not to waste a bit of grain. Also the developing countries should try to learn the advanced farming technology and improve their production of grain. Maybe another important step should be taken is to control the birth rate. However, I’m sure the grain crisis will be overcome as long as the mankind as a whole to fight against it.

14.Women in the Modern World

Women are playing an increasing important part in society today. In many countries, more and more women are acting as workers, farmers, scientists and leaders at all levels. We can say that, almost all the jobs that men can do are being done by women perfectly. Women are no longer looked down upon by society.

With the changes in their social role, women’s position in the family has been improved as well. Husband and wife are now equal in the family. They cope with problems of daily life together, and share happiness with each other. Also, you can hardly find out that in today’s families, women are being busy with dinners, whereas men are comfortably sitting in armchairs, reading newspapers.

In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. A number of men still jealously guard their big-man rights, and regard women as incapable creatures. Few women are allowed to attend important international meetings dominated by men. That is really the problems 10

we should deal with immediately.

15. Are You Ready?

It is through 15 years’ efforts that China’s WTO entry has come true. The Chinese people are all excited and cheerful, just as for the success of the 2008 Olympic Games Bid. But at the same time, we have to calm down for a while and ask ourselves: Are you ready for it? As we know, with the entry of the WTO, we are confronted with both opportunities and challenges, which affect many fields whether we like it or not. So we must get everything ready ahead of it.

In the first place, agriculture is among the most threatened fields. For one thing farming in advanced foreign countries is cheap and of high quality, which can be accepted by the Chinese people easily; while our farming is on a small scale, with low investment and low output, without the advantage of economics of scale. For another, as China is still an agricultural country, farmers occupy more than 60%, if farmers gain much less from their farming because of the impact of the WTO, the GDP of agriculture will also diminish, therefore the government will be unable to make up for the loss of agriculture. To confront such challenges, Chinese government must work out ways as early as possible to change the structures of farming, as well as the patterns of doing farming and management of it so as to boost its development.

Another field that will be influenced is the newly-founded information technology. It is true that the price of computer will become cheaper and computers will make its way easily into every family, just as TV sets and fridges have done before them. And the same can be said of the automobile industry. With the entry to the WTO, the powerful foreign companies will come and set themselves up in the Chinese market. This will certainly affect China’s car industry. The advantages of technology, management, and especially the economics of scale will weaken both the home information technology and car market. Of course, the consumer will benefit from these examples for they will spend their money and buy high quality goods. But have you thought of the down side to this? The home industries have little economic or technological power to resist the impact from large foreign companies who have had years of experience in foreign markets.

Perhaps it is pessimistic to worry about such issues, but as the Chinese saying goes: Preparedness ensures security. If we get ready earlier, we could gain the opportunity to develop faster, otherwise, these challenges will be harder to deal with and we may suffer, due to them. So from now on, we should warn ourselves time and again: Are you ready for the WTO entry?

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16. Computers

Computers are playing a more and more important role in modern society. They are already widely used in industry and universities to do extremely complicated work in all branches of learning. They can solve the most complex mathematical problems or put thousands of unrelated facts in order. Because they work accurately and at high speed, they save research workers years of hard work. Besides, they have found applications in business, transportation, education and other fields. Computers have brought about important social changes.

Computers are also entering ordinary families. As computers are small, cheap and easy to operate, more people buy personal computers for themselves. They use computers to control the work of washing machines, TV sets, electrical cookers and appliances. They use computers to process and store all kinds of information, to entertain themselves by playing games on computer. There seems no limit to the application of computer in our lives.

Despite all the advantages, computers can never take the place of human brain. Although computers work much faster and much more accurately than human beings, they can never lead an independent life or make decisions of their own. No matter how capable they are, they are still our servants, not our masters.

17. Part-time Jobs

There are many advantages in working part-time while you are at school. Firstly, a part-time job offers you a chance to demonstrate your ability and to apply what you have learned in school. Secondly, a part-time job helps you become more independent of your family. Thirdly, the experience that you gain through part-time work may be of great help to your future career. Finally, a part-time job can broaden your social knowledge.

However, part-time job has some disadvantages. For example, you may lose time needed for rest and reviewing your lessons. For another, once doing part-time job, you are likely to be interested in earning money that you may not pay much attention to your study. As a result you may fail in your examination and affect your future as well.

In my opinion, you have to strike a balance between schooling and the job. As a student, acquiring more knowledge, especially book knowledge, is your essential task. If you have to do it for your tuition, you should not spend much time on it.

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18. Housing Shortage in Large City

With the increase of population, housing shortage is becoming a more and more serious problem in large cities. Some people don’t have their own rooms to live in and have to spend a lot of money renting a room. Some others have three or four generations live in the same room. And some young people at the age of thirty cannot get married because of the housing problem.

The reasons for housing shortage are various, but I think the main reasons for it are as follows. First, with the development of economy, urban population increases so fast that the speed of building houses cannot meet the needs of city dwellers. Secondly, the government should invest much more money on building commercial centers and restaurants.

To conclude, to resolve the housing shortage in large cities is not an easy thing. It needs both the government and the individual to make efforts. On the one hand, the government should pay more attention to this problem existing in the city; on the other hand, the people who are not satisfied with their housing conditions do their best to improve it.

19. The Approach of the Information Age

In the modern world, it is important to be well-informed. Success in many fields depends on getting the latest information. At the same time, failure in policy-making often results from the lack of necessary information. That is why we all call the current era “The Information Age”.

There are many means of getting information which enables us to keep us with what is going on in the world. First, we read newspapers and magazines. For example, the typical daily newspaper contains articles about local, regional, national and international news, as well as sports news, weather reports, business news and news in other respects. In addition, some TV stations offer early morning news, late night news and weekly news programs. No doubt, there are still many other means of getting information that we need in our daily life.

As far as the role of information in the future is concerned, I believe that information will play a more important part in people’s decision-making. It is because without information we would act like the blind and could make no step forward.

20. Attending college at one’s own expense

Nowadays colleges tend to accept more and more candidates with a score close to required by 13

charging a portion of their tuition. This practice began in 1992, and up to now, about 25% to 40% of students are enrolled in this way.

Attending college at one’s own expense has many advantages. First, owing to this practice. College candidates have much freedom in choosing the major they are mostly interested in. Second, those who did not perform well in the Entrance Exam are able to attend college to have further study. Third, such students who pay their own tuition will study harder than ever. Besides, colleges and universities can improve their working conditions and facilities by raising the tuition,

Certainly this practice has some disadvantages. For example, those candidates who cannot afford the tuition might have fewer opportunities to receive higher education. Some students of poor ability entered colleges, which affects the teaching quality as a whole.

In my opinion, the advantages of this practice weigh much more its disadvantages. So I am in favor of it and I believe people will be more willing to accept it as time goes by.

21. How to prepare for a job interview

If you wish to pursue your professional career successfully, it is essential to find a satisfactory job. A job interview, in some cases, can be of critical importance for you to obtain a job you like.

Since a job interview is so important, we should be well-prepared for it. Here are some tips for you. First of all, take account of your qualifications, and background and decide whether they satisfy the requirements of the job. If they do, get familiar with them in case you are asked about them during the interview. Secondly, remember your special abilities or hobbies, such as playing sports or music, and mention them if necessary, which may attracts the interviewers. My final advice is that you should take special care of your appearance. Though we should not judge a person by his appearance, the first impression is very important for one to have a job interview.

Above all, job interview is becoming more popular nowadays. So to make full preparations for the job interview plays a critical part in your success. If you want to find a job successfully, be sure to be self-condition, select proper words and pay attention to the ways of talking in an interview besides your full preparations.

22. A road Accident

One Sunday morning, when I was walking towards the station it began to rain. At this time there wasn’t much traffic or many people in sight. Just as I was crossing the road near the top of the hill, a car came around the corner. It was so fast that the driver was obviously having difficulty in controlling 14

it. Suddenly it crashed onto a lamp-post and turned over.

At once I ran to the car to assist the driver, but he lost consciousness and there was a lot of blood on his face. A young woman hurried into the station and phoned for an ambulance while took care of the driver. A number of other people gathered round the car, but there wasn’t a great deal we could do. A policeman arrived a minutes later and asked me some questions about the accident. Shortly afterwards the man came round, and he was groaning quietly when the ambulance arrived at high speed and rushed him away to the hospital.

On Monday morning I went to the hospital to enquire about the man. They told me that his injuries were not serious after all and that he was rapidly getting over the effects of the accident.

23. Choosing Careers

Parents generally believe it is their responsibility to plan the careers for their children. They claim that they know their children well enough to decide what kind of job suits them. Hoping that their children will go in for professions that will bring them the greatest prestige and economic benefit, many parents think that their children are too young to see this for themselves. There are some parents who even expect their children to take over the careers of their fathers. For these reasons, many parents insist that their children should obey them in choosing careers.

But many children state that they should be left free to choose their own careers. For one thing, parents and children may not share the same interest. A job that appeals to parents is likely boring for their children. For another, children have been brought up in a different age form their parents’, and therefore, should be allowed to cultivate a spirit of independence and self-reliance. In short, children should be free to make their own decision as to future careers.

In my opinion, in this case as in many other things, mutual understanding is important. On the one hand, parents’ view does reflect their concern for the well-being of their children. On the other hand, after all it is children who will be doing the jobs. Therefore, it will be wise for parents to given them this freedom while children should consult their parents when it is necessary.

24. Make Cities Greener

With the rapid growth of modern cities, urban vegetation has greatly reduced. For example, trees have been out down to make room for new apartment blocks. For another, public gardens and grass land have been replaced by parking lots. As a result, cities are no longer as green as before.

But vegetation is essential to the people living in the city. Green plants provide fresh air, which can reduce air pollution. Besides, trees and flowers can add beauty and charm to the outlook of a city. 15

Finally, by growing plants in the city, we can improve the local climate. In short, without enough vegetation, life in the city will be unbearable.

Therefore, special care must be taken to ensure a sufficient amount of vegetation in the city. For example, in the planting of trees, and the cultivation of lawns. The citizens, too, should be encouraged to grow flowers and other plants in the gardens, on the balconies, or even on roofs. Surely, if people in all walks of life pay enough attention to the problem of vegetation our life in the city will be more enjoyable.

25. To make friends

As a proverb goes: One man is not good enough to live alone in the world. There are many things in life which we alone cannot do. And from time to time, we need friends to give us a hand or some advice. So friends, who are ready to help us when we are in trouble and show warm sympathy with us we are in misery, are very necessary in our life.

The benefits obtained from friendship are boundless and invisible sometimes. For example, when we have graduated from college and are looking for a job, we need friends experienced and reliable to guide us and help us on our way, otherwise it will be very difficult for us.

26. Competition and Cooperation

Competition is a common phenomenon in our social life. We compete when we play games; we try to be better in our studies; and there is constant competition for jobs, profits and benefits. To some extent, competition is one of the motive forces of the development of society.

However, in the modern world, we often find competition and cooperation at the same time. Think of football games, each team is competing with the other team, but each number of the team is cooperating with his or her teammates. In some cases, we can’t have competition without cooperation. Thus, they are equally important.

While we are advocating competition, we can not forget cooperation. Nothing is to be carried to extremes. Pure and exclusive competition leads to failures. Only by competing together with cooperation can we obtain our goals and satisfy our needs, especially in modernizing our country.

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27. How to Fit Your Reading Speed to Your Needs

If you want to be good at reading, it is important for you to get a suitable speed of reading. Some people like to read quickly, and some like to read slowly. But your can’t read everything at the same speed. You should fit your speed to your needs. The following points are those you should remember about the speed of reading.

First, you should be fully aware of the purpose of your reading before you start to read something. Only when you know why you are reading and what you are reading , can you decide whether to read quickly or slowly, or you will waste much of your precious time. Second, you should make sure of the different kinds of the things such as science books, history books and others, it is quite necessary for you to read them carefully because they are full of important information. You should slow down when you come to important ideas as you must understand them thoroughly and remember them well.

In a word, you should always remember to adjust your speed to your readings. You can’t just go at the same speed. In some of your readings, you must try to change your speed from fast to slow and from slow to fast as you go along. If you keep all the above- mentioned in mind, you will surely make your reading effective and that will satisfy your needs.

28. To Tell the Truth or Not Tell the Truth

Whether a person with incurable disease should be kept in the dark or be ignored of the truth has long been a controversial problem. It seems that both sides have some reasons.

Some people claim that dying patients have their right to know the truth. The truth plays a critical role in helping the patients summon up the courage to fight against illness. After being informed of illness, the patients can comply with the doctor’s directions more actively and thus recover faster. Even if they are on the verge of death, they can make some final decisions and fulfill some aims before they die, so they can leave with less regret.

Other people, on the contrary, advocate keeping them in the dark. They believe that telling them the severe circumstances they are facing will bring them to the brink of despair and make them turn loose their hold on recovery. Their disease may be prone to deterioration.

It is clear that neither of the above opinions is without ground. Personally, I think, with patients who have strong will and courage, we can inform them of the truth. As for the pessimistic one, we’d better withhold the cruel truth.

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29. Technology and Social Changes

We live in the age of technology in which countless changes have taken place due to the emergence of various new technologies. The jet plane, air-conditioning, and computer are much a part of our daily lives now. But can these things actually represent all the social changes? There are many other changes, too.

The most striking changes can be seen in the following aspects. First, people’s living standards have been greatly improved. Take China as an example, perhaps only 30 or 40 years ago not all the towns were provided with electricity and running water, needless to mention TV sets, telephones and air-conditioners. But now these things are no longer wonders in the Chinese households. In addition, the standards of nutrition, housing, health care, working conditions, transport and social services are all getting much better than before. Second, the output of industrial and agricultural production has been on the rise. Gross national product keeps increasing. So does per capita income. Third, technology has also greatly contributed to the improvement on education. The proportion of illiteracy in China has been largely reduced. Education is extended to the masses, not just to the few privileged people. The whole society attaches much more importance to education than ever before. And what’s more, social values and personal attitudes have changed much. People have even stronger work ethics now. Instead of being money-oriented, they are achievement-oriented, which of course will further the development of our society.

Technology generates social changes which in turn bring about more technologies. So technology and social changes are closely linked. Technology is not merely the invention of a new product or a new machine, but a great force to promote the social progress.

30. Why People Work

Perhaps there have been different views as to the question why people work. Some people may think that work provides the material things of the life for them; others may think that work can help them to kill time. However, I think people are hardly conscious that work brings them a feeling of happiness and satisfaction, which certainly makes the difference between a full and empty life. In my opinion, work plays a positive role in people’s life. The absence of work usually makes a lot of people feel weak and dull. Those who are still at work sometimes may get headaches or other illnesses on weekends when they don’t have to go to work; those who have retired often feel their lives empty and 18

uninteresting. But why? The answer perhaps lies in the kind of pride people feel in their work. The human beings are always eager to cherish a sense of personal achievement, that is, a sense of being able to do things with their own hands, with their own mind and with their own will. The achievement they make in their work may give them a very happy feeling that they are capable of doing something useful and meaningful.

In conclusion, work is more than a necessity for most human beings. Work is the focus of people’s lives, and work is the source of people’s creativity and happiness. No one can enjoy himself or herself without going to work.

31. Keys to Success

Perhaps everybody wants to become successful in life. But how to gain success? Probably not many people know the answer. Here are some of the keys to success.

Determination, persistency and diligence are the three important factors going hand in hand on the way to success. Once we set up a goal to achieve success, we should be strongly determined to realize it. It is impossible to attain our goal without firm determination. Yet, on the ladder to success there stand a lot of difficulties. We should be well prepared to smooth out all the zigzags which might hinder us from success. We should persist in making great efforts to make our wish of success come true. We should not easily give in halfway. If we can hold on to the end, the victory will undoubtedly belong to us. But we should also get to know diligence is indispensable in trying to gain success. Many great figures in history succeeded in climbing to the top of their careers all unexceptionably by working hard. Never can a lazy fellow become successful in his life.

So let’s try to arm ourselves with these three fine qualities: determination, persistency and diligence.

32. Problems Caused by the Shifting Population

Every large city in China now has its shifting population formed mainly by peasants who rush into cities to make money at their leisure. Some come to work as peasant workers, others as servants, peddlers and so on. They are scattered in almost every corner of the cities.

This large shifting population brings about many problems in transportation, family-plan and social safety etc, among which transportation is the biggest headache. Streets are becoming over-crowded; traffic is getting heavier; buses and trains are always filled with such a large army of 19

peasant workers hurrying between cities and villages. Family plan is no less serious than transportation. Quite a few peasants pour into cities just to avoid being controlled by the village family plan organizations. Some of them give birth to more babies while the city government sometimes might take no notice of this. If we sit on this problem, the family plan program might become a mere talk. In addition, the shifting population often stands in the way of keeping the society in safety. As it is not so easy to shepherd so many shifting people, criminals may size the opportunity to make trouble. Therefore, what a terrible thing it will be if the shifting population keeps growing.

It is high time that we tried to solve all these problems caused by the shifting population. Only with better organization and better controlling of the shifting people can we keep transportation running smoothly, the family plan program going on steadily and society developing soundly.

33. The Importance of Interpersonal Communication

Everyone needs to communicate with others in his life. Students and professors, parents and children, employers and employees, friends, strangers, and enemies all communicate. We have been communicating with others from the first weeks of life and will keep on doing so until we die.

Interpersonal communication is very important to us. First, it is essential for our physical well-being. Lack of interpersonal communication shows a wide range of medical hazards. Socially isolated people are found to be two or three times more likely to suffer from poor health than are those with strong social ties. Steady interpersonal communication contributes to the longevity of our lives. Second, interpersonal communication enables us to have a sense of our own identity. Deprived of communication with others, we can hardly have a clear idea of identity. Our sense of identity comes from the way we interact with other people. We decide what we are like based on how others react to us. Third, interpersonal communication is the effective way we relate socially with others. In our life we need to feel a sense of belonging to some personal relationship. We need to influence others and feel some sense of power over our world. We need to care for others and know that they care for us, thus to have a sense of affection and friendship. Fourth, interpersonal communication is the means of learning important information in every respect, which makes us well-informed and helps us to grow.

To sum up, interpersonal communication is just as necessary as water and air to us in our work and life. We should pay great attention to the amount of interpersonal, communication as well as to the ways of doing it. Proper and skillful interpersonal communication will satisfy our physical needs, social needs and other practical needs.

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34. The Role of Migrant Workers

As is known to all, migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities. They are an indispensable part of our work force. Most of them work on construction sites. There is no doubt that without migrant workers, many of the construction projects have to be held up for lack of manpower. In addition, a large number of migrant workers are a factor which stimulated the consumption of food and daily items. This helps to develop food industry and service industry in cities. Clearly all these are positive aspects of migrant workers in cities.

However, as a popular saying goes, “Everything has two sides”. It is the same case with migrant workers. First, they have trouble getting their children into children care centers and schools because they are unregistered residents in the city. As you know, illiterate people, who are usually ignorant of laws, tend to make troubles concerning law and order. Second, most of the migrant workers swarm into big cities just with a view to making a fortune. Being ignorant and incompetent, some of them would stop at nothing to get what they want. Therefore, they are a potential threat to the peace and stability of society.

In my opinion, in the appraisal of migrant workers, it is one-sided to affirm everything or to negate everything. We should appreciate the great contribution made by them, and at the same time pay enough attention to the problems caused by them.

35. Is Score Important?

Too much emphasis is placed on test score, which is one of the most obvious features of today’s education. On the one hand, it has become the most important criterion for college enrollment. On the other hand, it is also one of the crucial factors either in job assignment or in employment competitions.

To stress the importance of test score brings many bad effects on students’ study as well as on teachers’ teaching. Firstly, students find themselves concentrating more on strategies to achieve high scores than on how to master the knowledge and use it freely. And whether a student is capable developing their overall capabilities. Secondly, teachers tend to give their students high scores because their jobs are judged mainly by the students’ performance in terms of scores. Thirdly, some of the students who can get high scores in school are much less competent in doing jobs.

Personally, I think that the test score can indicate a student’s academic performance to some 21

extent. But it can not reflect a student’s overall ability. Too much emphasis on test scores actually defeats the academic goals of education.

36. How to Raise Children?

Generally speaking, opinion about how to raise children can be divided into two sides. One is that children should be granted more discipline in case they get spoiled.

Those who are in favor of firm discipline have their reasons. Firstly, they believe that if left unchecked, children tend to behave stupidly and form bad habits. Secondly, they have noticed that strict schools often achieve good academic results. Thirdly, disciplined children are more likely to become productive workers when they grow up.

The opposite view is reasonable too. Firstly, discipline always renders children timid and obedient, in that way their creative potential may not be able to be tapped. Secondly, strict disciplines imposed on them may separate them from the world they belong to, which is harmful to the development of their characters.

In my opinion, the advantages of firm discipline are much greater than those of “let-him-be” strategy. Since kids are not mature enough, they don’t have much experience in properly dealing with the things happening around them. Parental help and strict discipline are essential to their maturity and success. As the old English saying goes, spare the rod and ruin the child.

37. The Importance of Self-Confidence

Self-confidence is very useful and important to a person. Firstly, self-confidence enables us to have the ambition of being successful. Secondly, once we gain self-confidence, we will posses the courage and strength to overcome the setbacks and difficulties. Thirdly, with self-confidence we may accomplish something that seems to be impossible previously.

Generally speaking, there are three main reasons for lack of self-confidence when we meet with difficulties. First, we don’t have a correct estimate of ourselves. Second, we often overestimate our difficulties. Third, our methods to solve things are not feasible.

In my opinion, we should develop confidence and faith in ourselves by taking a right attitude towards our own abilities. As the saying goes, where there is a will, there is a way. If we have a strong faith in ourselves, we will surely have the courage to face any difficulty. In one word, self-confidence is the key to achievements.

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38. Should College Graduates Go the West?

This year witnesses a profound change in Western China. The whole country combines joint efforts to engage in the exploitation of the western provinces. This vital issue naturally attracts youths’ attention. However, they harbor different views on whether they should contribute their part to the modernization of the West after their graduation.

Some students hold that the West offers an unprecedented opportunity for the young talent. Firstly, it is comparatively easier to launch a career for a newcomer in the West than in such large cities as Shenzhen or Shanghai. Secondly, the West is still undeveloped, so it offers much more opportunities and is the ideal place to realize one’s dreams. Other students, whereas, cast doubt on the points of views. They hold that developed area can provide them more chances: To go to the West, they say, is too risky.

Personally, I take the side of the people in the first category. I think that going to the West is a perfect combination of our nation’s need and my personal ambition. I believe that an able man should face the challenges bravely and not be afraid of the hardships.

39. The Importance of Social Practice

Some college students don’t think that social practice is important. Their views are the following. First, they consider their study as the only most important thing. Second, they regard social practice as wasting of their time. Third, they argue that the social practice undertaken by college students is too superficial, thus far from being valuable.

However, there are many advantages of social practice. In the first place, we can apply the knowledge we have obtained from our textbooks to the solution of practical problems. In doing so, we can get more experience. In the second place, participating in social practice can help us have more knowledge about our society and our country. And in the third place, we will take correct attitudes towards our studies through social practice.

In my view, social practice should become an organic component of school education. The knowledge we obtain from the book in class is very limited. So it is essential for us to participate in social practice in order to learn something that we can not get in class.

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40. On Graduate Mania

In recent years, more and more people would like to go to graduate school. On the one hand, thousands of enterprising young men sit for National Graduate Entrance Exam each year. For example, 50 thousand candidates took part in the National Graduate Entrance Exam last year. On the other hand, not only the undergraduates but also the work employees try their best to be postgraduate.

There are many reasons for this phenomenon. Firstly, it is out of employment pressure that large numbers of people enroll in the Graduate Entrance Exam. Owing to enhancement of educational standard, a bachelor’s degree is no longer evaluated as a sufficient qualification to ensure a decent job. Secondly, some people, though have been employed for several years, find their knowledge inadequate to meet the demand of this ever-changing world. Finally, many people only follow the suit with no specific purpose.

In my view, we have to think carefully before we make the decision to apply for graduate school. Can graduate school offer me what I want to learn? Do I need practical work experience or theoretical knowledge? These questions need to be answered before we make the choice.

41. White Pollution

“White Pollutant” is a term frequently used by the environmentalists and common people as well to refer to the white plastic bags scattered around. Compared with other kinds of rubbish, white pollutant apparently doesn’t threaten our worsening environment on a large scale. At any rate, it seems that we just need to collect them and throw them at the designated places or just let it be. Actually, the problem is far from being that easy to be handle.

Firstly, white pollutant is difficult to be disposed of. It means that the harmful substance contained in it will last a long time. Secondly, white pollutant is not easy to be recycled.

To deal with this problem, some measures must be taken. Firstly, we have to enhance people’s awareness of the importance of protecting our environment and the harm resulted from white pollutant.

Secondly, we have to apply the scientific methods to reprocess the white pollutant so as to make our environment cleaner.

42. Taking Part in School Activities

One group of students is very enthusiastic about school activities; they have their reasons. Firstly, 24

they think that learning form textbooks is not their only task in universities. They believe that they should take every chance to get access to practical knowledge. Secondly, they hold that after long hours of study, they can relax themselves by way of participating school activities.

While the other group take little interest in school and spends most of their time on studies. The view of these students is based on the following two points. First, they maintain that they should make full use of time to pursue their academic studies. Second, they believe that school activities are very time-consuming and have nothing to do with their personal development.

As far as I’m concerned, I prefer the first view. On the one hand, we can learn a great deal from other students we meet in activities. Furthermore, the modern society requires of young students many qualities, so “book-worms ” can’t keep up with the times any longer.

43. My View on the New Tuition Policy

According to China’s new tuition policy, the college students have to pay for their education. As to this new policy, the re has been a heated debate. Some people think it’ll bring too much pressure on students and their families, while others think this policy is sound in the long run.

The new tuition policy has profound influence on students. Firstly, it will be inevitably burdensome to their families. Some students from poor families can’t afford to pay such a large sum. Secondly, the new policy radically alters traditional obligation of the state to finance university tuition fees. Thirdly, it stimulates competition among the students, since many students will try to earn a scholarship.

In my point of view, we need to adhere to the new policy. This policy renders the students more independence after their graduation and relieves the government of the burden of financing the higher education. At the same time, we should help those students who can not finance their tuition, making sure that they will not drop out because of financial problems.

44. Where There is a Will, There is a Way

“Where there is a will, there is a way” is a familiar proverb to all of us. On the one hand, it means that if one possesses firm resolution, he will finally accomplish what he strives to do, no matter what difficulties he may encounter. On the other hand, without determination, one will never succeed.

A strong will is important to both great and average people. On the one hand, as a rule, great tasks are accomplished by men of strong will. For example, Sun Yatsen has set us a good example. He 25

failed many times to overthrow the feudal system in China but he finally succeeded. On the other hand, it’s hard to imagine a man without a strong will could complete such a glorious cause. And still, a strong will is also vital to common people. Take myself for an example, though I failed two times in CET exam, I determined to get a CET certificate. I suppose I will succeed this time.

“Where there is a will, there is a way” applies to all walks of life. We must have a firm resolution first if we wish to succeed. Though setbacks are inevitable, our strong will can help us reach our destination.

45. The qualities of the Cross-century Talents

The cross-century talents should possess the following qualities. They should have profound knowledge, creative ability, good command of a foreign language and proficient skill in computer.

As the next century is the one with the “Knowledge economy”, fast development of science and technology, and the huge amount of information, the cross-century talents must have a strict professional training in a particular field, and acquire a good amount of the knowledge. They should also be creative in thinking, and come up with new ideas. In addition they need to have a good command of the English language because the world has become more globalized and they need the language to communicate with other people in different parts of the world. And they also need to know how to use the computer to receive quick and convenient information.

In order to become cross-century talents, we must continue to study hard. We should know that life-time education will help us to develop our ability and increase our knowledge continuously. So long as we keep on learning and practicing, we can become cross-century talents.

46. Should Firecrackers Be Banned?

These days a debate is going on about whether the firecrackers should be banned or not in big cities. Some people think that it is good to let people set off firecrackers on festival occasions. The firecrackers can drive away evils and bring back the happiness. It is one of the traditional ways to celebrate festivals in China.

Some other people think that the firecrackers should be banned in big cities because they have caused too much trouble. The firecrackers may make big noise, may injure people, and waste a lot of money. They even cause a fire and destroy the property.

I think in big cities firecrackers should be banned. I personally saw the children injured and fire 26

caused by firecrackers several times. Besides people spend too much money on them which is really worthless. But, in big cities a special place or an area far away can be designated, where some people can enjoy firecrackers.

47. How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic

At present, almost every big cities is faced with a traffic problem because population and vehicles are increasing fast, and old street need to be rebuilt. How to solve the traffic problem in big cities? There are several solutions.

One solution is to lay down more streets in the city. This solution can help make the traffic less crowded and speed up the flow of traffic. Unfortunately, more land will be occupied for the construction of new streets. The other solution is to open up more public bus routes. If more buses are available, people will like to take a bus instead of riding a bike and a car. But this solution may cause some inconveniences to some people. For example, they have to walk a quite distance from their home to the bus stop or from their office to the bus stop.

In my opinion, some new streets should be built and more bus routes should be opened up. By accepting both solutions, the traffic problem in big cities can be quickly solved.

48. For a Better Understanding Between Parent and Child

Parents and teenagers often disagree about the amount of freedom and responsibility the young people are to have. The reason for this disagreement may be that parents and children lack adequate communication between them. It is true that these days young people are quite unlike their parents. They have their own way of thinking and their own philosophy. But the lack of proper communication is the main reason for their misunderstanding and disagreement.

They lack communication because parents and children may have different likes and dislikes. For example, a parent may love classical music the child loves the pop music. As their likes are different they certainly have no common language. Misunderstanding may also contribute to the lack of communication. As parents may not well understand their children, the children may not like to talk to their parents. So this is another cause of the lack of communication.

My suggestion is that parents should get to know the way of their children’s thinking and show their respect to them. They should have a talk from time to time with their children. The children should respect and trust their parents. They should consider their parents’ suggestion and opinions. In 27

this way, parents and children will be able to understand each other better.

49. Choosing a Job

When faced with the choice of jobs, different people have different consideration. Some People will ask about the salary of the job to and benefit along with it first; others will consider the status of the job to be more important; still others are concerned with the location of the job, distance from home, transportation services or the working surroundings.

As far as I am concerned, in deciding to accept or to turn down a job, interest in the job comes before anything else. Of course, I need also to consider the salary or status of it, distance from home, transportation services and working surroundings, but such things do not play a decisive part in any final choice.

The reasons for such considerations are that I believe it is great pleasure to do what one enjoys doing and it would be a great pain to work on something one does not like. Besides, it is interest and enthusiasm in the job that ensures success in it. A man successful in work will sooner or later be recognized by the society, which in turn makes his life more enjoyable.

50. The Hope Project

At present, a lot of pupils and students drop out of school. First, in rural areas, many pupils are forced to drop out of school because they cannot afford the fees. Second, in cities, more children cannot go to school because they lack the residency of the municipality. And third, some college students could not accept a higher education as they cannot afford the tuition. Thus the “Hope Project” arises across the country.

The “Hope Project” has its great significance. It is launched to help those who drop out of school. Firstly, it has helped numerous dropouts go back to school. They will have a bright future when they grow up. Secondly, it embodies the advantage of the socialist system. Thirdly, it has relieved the governments of all level of the burden of financing the education sector.

In my point of view, the “Hope Project” can not solve all of the difficulties in our education. Firstly, it can only provide help to part of the dropouts, and a large number of children still can not enjoy their rights of receiving education. Secondly, it is not very easy for the “Hope Project” itself to raise money. Finally, the institutions like the “Hope Project” are too inadequate in number. Therefore, we should emphasize the importance of education furthermore, and we need to establish a better 28

founded educational system, warrant the realization of the “Hope Project” on a large scale.

51. A letter to Apply for Scholarship

Dear sir,

I am an undergraduate student at Southeast University, Nanjing, China. I wish to go to the United States for advanced studies in major-computer science. By next summer, I shall have graduated. Therefore, I am now beginning to gather information about American universities with reference to the possibility of a scholarship.

I understand most American universities offer various kinds of scholarships, but I am not sure which one I should apply to. For reasons you understand I hope to apply to one in a locality where living expenses are comparatively low. That is why I make bold to write to you, requesting your kindness in supplying me as much information as lies within your knowledge. I hope you will kindly do what you can and give me a reply at your earliest convenience.

Yours faithfully

Wang Lin

52. To Become a Graduate or an Employee

Which one is a better choice, to become a graduate or an employee?

As the day of graduation draws near, some students believes that choosing to enroll in postgraduate programs is a wise choice. For them, a master’s degree or even a doctoral degree represents a much more prestigious standard of scholarship than a bachelor’s degree. Consequently, making money is less satisfying than making academic achievements.

For others who are eager to become economically independent and to put into practice what they have learned in college. Taking a job soon is both satisfying and rewarding. They try to be away from being embarrassed by asking for money from their parents. Getting established in the quickly way is their goal. In addition, they hold the opinion that the sooner they take a place in the increasingly competitive world, the longer they can stay on the post. Accordingly, they choose to be engaged in practical job after graduation to accumulate valuable working experiences which they think can be never be obtained in the Ivory Tower.

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As far as I am concerned, getting an advanced degree is what I have been dreaming of. This is based on my belief that I should do more research and absorb more knowledge when I am still young.

53. How to Choose Good Book

There are thousands and thousands of books: good books and bad books, cheep books and expensive books. Before one can acquire anything form books, one must learn how to choose books. In choosing good books, one should take the following steps.

Before we buy a book of any kind, we must first see whether the content is good and useful or not. This is most important because there are numbers of books and novels on the market, which are poorly written and full of trash. If the book is bad, we must not buy it. Books have a great power that influences one’s mind and thought. I f we read bad books, our mind will be full of gloom and hopelessness. Next, we should look at the price. We are students; it is very true that most of us do not have much money to spend. To buy costly books is not an easy thing. Moreover, many good books are not expensive. At last, we should examine whether the book is well printed and contains good illustrations. We do not like to read a book, good or bad, if it is not properly printed. We do not find much interest likewise if its illustrations are bad.

54. Working Women in China

Many Chinese women are earning money outside their homes today.

The way of earning money varies from person to person. Those with more education work in schools, hospitals and government offices. Those with less education find their jobs in shops, factories and transportation systems. And those with no education at all try to earn money in their own ways: sewing for others, driving taxis, serving in restaurants, selling clothes, fruit or vegetable in streets, raising poultry, just to mention a few.

These facts show clearly that Chinese women are no longer satisfied with their housebound duties. They have roles to play outside their homes. This should be taken as a timely lesson for Chinese men and the Chinese government, women are working and they are working for money and mere.

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55. Resume

Name: Shaojun, Liu

Sex: male

Age: 31

Telephone Number: 6228188

E-mail: Professional Titles: Registered Account; Certificate of accountant;

Certificate of Computerized accounting; Drivers

License.

Education: Master of Financial Accounting, Tianjin Finance and Economics College Press,

1999

Working Experience: July, 1987-December, 1990 Accountant in Beijing DATONG company

January, 1991- now manager in Beijing Financial

Bureau

From 1987 to now, I have been working in Beijing Financial Bureau where I am in charge of financial administration of agricultural institutions and levying agricultural taxes. During the period, I have accumulated comprehensive experiences of dealing with the affairs in financial administration, business accounting. I have a good knowledge of the financial policies, laws, financial rules and accounting criterion both domestic and foreign. I have developed a strict working attitude towards work. During the working period, I keep an extensive contact with governments at all levels, such as Ministry of Treasury, General Bureau of Tax and all the auditing offices, taxes offices not only in Beijing but also in other big cities. Moreover, I have also been in touch with the mass media: Beijing Television, Beijing Radio Station, Beijing Daily, Beijing Economies, etc.

I think I have been equipped with much theory knowledge and practical experiences for a more challenging job rather than the routine job in the government offices. Therefore, I hope to be involved in the more challenging job. I am healthy and energetic with great originality.

I am optimistic, hard-working, energetic, diligent and full of original ideas, which makes me often praised and appreciated by my leaders and colleagues, I take pride in maintaining friendly and productive relationship with others.

I am eager to take a job which meets my major. A financial supervisor of a company will be my favorite. I hope to be given an opportunity to exert my intelligence.

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56. A Letter to Apply for a Job

Dear Mr. Wang Hua:

I would like to apply for the position of which you advertised in the June 16 issue of Beijing Mornings. Currently I am a junior at Beijing Foreign Studies University, where I am working toward a BA degree in English.

Last summer I held a similar position with Beijing Mornings, working as their summer replacement in the editorial department. I enjoyed the seemingly tedious work, which I knew would further my professional goal of becoming an editor. The experience also helped me improve my tying skills, which I understand, is required for the job I am applying for. Mr. Liu who is the head of the editorial department thought well of my ability, enthusiasm and devotion. He said that he would welcome a call from you if you wish to know more about me. His office telephone number is 6831 0645.

In Beijing Foreign Studies University I have been working hard and doing well in the major courses. I am fluent in both written and spoken English and my reading skills are also satisfactory. Besides, I am learning computer languages such as Basic and Fortune, so I believe I can work for your magazine without much additional training. My English teacher, Professor Shi Jia has kindly agreed to write a recommendation.

Sincerely yours,

Zhang Li

57. Should Private Cars Be Encouraged in China

A heated debate on private cars is underway in China. Cars sellers energetically urge people to buy cars, whereas most Chinese, especially people in urban areas, oppose such an idea, saying that time is not right for each family to own a car.

There are many reasons to encourage people to own cars. First, a car allows a person to travel long distances freely, safely and comfortably in all weathers. Seconds, if each family buys one car, millions of cars will be needed. As a result, auto industry, as well as its many related industries, will have a booming business, which will in turn accelerate the development of our economy. Furthermore, China can improve cars. Finally, the tax paid by car drivers will accelerate the construction of our highway network.

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There are, on the other hand, many reasons against it. Cars will use too much of our limited petroleum resources, and cause many problems, such as air pollution, car accidents and traffic jams. So we will have to weigh every carefully before we make decisions about private cars.

58. Education and the Market

1. State the relationship between education and the market and give your reasons for education to enter the market. At the end of your essay draw your own conclusion.

2. Time limit 40 minutes

3. words limit: no less than 150 words.

As the development of the socialist market economy, in China, education is becoming more closely related to the market. In a broad sense, the whole modern society is based on the market economy. As part of the society, education cannot be separated from the market. In fact, the former has much to do with the latter. Therefore, it is generally believed that education serves the market, in turn, which supports education.

The reason for education to enter the market is obvious. As a developing country, China is not likely to invest a huge amount of money in education in the near future. Education has to turn to the market to find its own way. It is important to note that teachers’ way of production is to teach and train students. The students’ knowledge is an invisible product. In addition, their services to students and society are valuable. So education has to be run in accordance with the law of value to realize the aim that students pay for their education and find jobs for themselves rather than being assigned jobs by the State.

Personally, I think education is an independent industry between students and the talent market. It is the indispensable link between the two. So my conclusion is that since science, technology and talented people can enter the market, it is a matter of course for education to enter the market.

59.Fake and Inferior Goods

Key words: can be seen everywhere from necessities to industrial materials

destructive power do harm to us damage people’s interests, health and lives

decrease the profits make a mess of the order of the market take measures recognize the harm improve the system of management

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legislate laws control and eliminate

Fake and inferior goods can be seen everywhere, not only in small shops but also in big department stores or markets. Almost every kind of goods, from daily necessities to industrial materials, from soft drinks to clothes, even seeds and medicine could be fake and inferior goods. It would be fatal for the government to underestimate the destructive power of it.

Fake and inferior goods can do lots of harms to us. First, it damages not only the consumers’ interests, but also their health and even their lives. Second, most of the fake and inferior goods bear the genuine brands that will damage the famous brands and decrease the profits of the factories producing the genuine goods. Third, the emergence of more and more fake and inferior goods makes consumers hesitate before choosing the goods even if it were genuine. Thus, it will make a mess of the regular order of the market.

Faced with such serious problems, we must take some measures. First of all, help the consumers recognize the harm of the fake and inferior goods and not to buy it only for its low price. Secondly, improve the system of management and legislate more strict laws to against it. The producers of fake and inferior goods must be punished and fined. As long as we try our best to block up the medium of the fake and inferior goods, this phenomenon will be controlled and eliminated.

61. Don’t Hesitate to Say No

As a general rule, people like to help others, but there are occasions when you should say no to requests for favors. For instance, it is better to refuse when a child pesters you for sweet food and drink or for too many toys. Another example is when a relative asks you to use your influence to get him or her bank loan or a work promotion.

However, we cannot ignore the fact that many people are reluctant to say no. They feel that if they turn down a request from a relative or friend, they will cause ill-feeling within the family or become unpopular with their acquaintance. A notable case in point is when the boss asks them to do something which they feel is unreasonable.

It is important to keep in mind that not saying no when you should say no can sometime have harmful consequences. If children are given everything they ask for, not only may their health be damaged, but they may grow up selfish and spoilt. Again, in the long run it is kinder to refuse to lend money to a person who has a gambling or alcoholism problem.

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62. A Letter to a Schoolmate

June 23, 2001

Dear Xiao Wang,

I’m very happy to learn that you’re coming to Beijing for a 7 days vacation. You’re more than welcome to stay with me. Because I’ll work full time during your stay here, I cannot show you around in person, but I can help with your schedule as you asked.

Beijing is such a city rich in history that I think there are more places than you can afford time to see. Yet 7 days is enough for you to cover the best, must-see places in Beijing. I strongly recommend that you visit the following places: it will take you a whole day to sightsee ①the Great Wall; ②the Summer palace; ③Beijing 200; ④the Tian’an Men Squire, the Forbidden City and Beihai Park; ⑤ The Fragrant Hill and Beijing Botanical Garden. Beijing has changed so much and is changing so rapidly that it is really worth sightseeing itself by bus.

So for the remaining two days of you visit here, you can just walk around, and do some shopping and try some local foods. You’ll have lots of fun doing this.

By the way, don’t forget to bring your umbrella with you because it rains unexpectedly sometimes at this time of the year. It is very hot here, so just bring shorts with you.

Seeing you here in Beijing.

Best wishes.

Yours

Zhang Ying

63. A Letter to President about the Canteen

January 12, 2002/8/11

Dear Mr. President,

I’m a student in the English Department of our university. I’m writing to tell you some problems with canteen service on campus and my own suggestions on how improve it.

First, the price is too high. We have to pay three or four Yuan for a single dish. That is really too much for us students. As I know, some of my classmates come from countryside or rural areas, some have parents who are laid-off workers. They are even short of tuition fees, how can they afford such expensive meals?

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Second, the service is not quite good. The dining hall is small, old and dirty, with flies and mosquitoes everywhere. The waiters don’t seem to like their jobs and act lazily. Many of us feel no appetite in such kind of dining hall.

As for my suggestions, I think we should have more than one canteen on our campus. With competitions among them, their quality of food and service will surely be improved.

Since most students live and study on campus, I sincerely hope you will pay more attention to our life here, especially our canteen service. All of us will quite appreciate it if you help to improve the service. Thank you!

Yours Sincerely,

Li Ming

64. How I Finance My College Education

With the rapid development of higher education in China, and more high school graduates admitted, universities can no longer be financed exclusively by the government, and students must pay at least partly for their schooling.

There are various ways for a student to pay his tuition and fees. To begin with, if the student is quite excellent in his studies, he can apply for scholarship. Secondly, especially in China, he can always depend on his parents for all kinds of expenditure, including living allowances. Then, he can choose to turn to the above not desirable, he still has another road to take— to do a part-time job and work his way through.

In my case, I am fortunate enough to be born into a well-to-do family and have not difficulty having my parents pay for all my fees. But as a college student, I dislike a totally a dependent existence, so I am working part-time as a newspaper-boy to help support myself. And I am also studying hard, hoping to win some scholarship or awards one day so that I can be wholly self-reliant and independent.

65. Do “Lucky Number ” Really Bring Good Luck?

There are people who believe that some numbers bring good luck, while others bring bad luck. For instance, in China the number eight is thought to be lucky. Turning our attention to the West, we 36

find that the number seven is considered lucky, but the number thirteen is avoided like the plague.

In spite of all these claims, most people would agree that there is little evidence that numbers have any influence on our lives. In fact, they say, the reverse seems to be the case. For one thing, we might expect calculators to break down every item they note the number 13, and for another, although every week has seven days we know that not every week is lucky for us.

Weighing the pros and cons of the arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter point of view. It is obvious that there is no scientific basis for the belief that there is a connection between luck and numbers. All in all, it seems to me a sheer superstition.

66. Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?

A Test of Spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test CET). Many students think it is necessary to hold a test of spoken English. For both students and teachers, this kind of test can show what and how the students have mastered. This is fairly evident if students can apply what they had learned. To a teacher, he will find out who is good at speaking, how many points his students have scored and in which aspects they are still weak. To a student, he will learn which areas he should pay more attention to.

Some students don’t like this test. They complain that their teachers have been giving them too many exams and they have little free time.

In my opinion, a spoken English test does more good than harm for both the teachers and students. We know our country is a developing country. We need more communication with the other countries. So we must improve our speaking ability in order to adapt ourselves to the world.

So you will easily to find that spoken English is very necessary to both teachers and students.

67. Getting to Know the world outsides the Campus

With the rapid development of our society, the campus is no longer an “Ivory Tower”. Students must get in touch with the world outside the campus so that they can adapt themselves to society more quickly when they graduate.

Almost all the students keep themselves informed by TV, radio broadcasts and newspapers. Some of them even take up a part-time job in their spare time. Working as tutors, serving in some 37

fast-food restaurants. All these have kept the students in touch with the society.

Now the summer vacation will come and I’ve already found myself a job: working as a typist in an office. I’ve learned typing for many years and I think I can do it well. It’s a good chance for me to see how my knowledge is put into practice. When the next semester begins, I’ll still try to get some job. Regardless of the pay, in my opinion the most important thing is that I can really know a lot about the society.

68. Influence of Childhood on a Person’s Later Life

A person’s childhood may have various influences upon his personality and his outlook on life. A happy and carefree childhood may help a person develop an optimistic and cheerful disposition. By contrast, a poor orphan’s childhood is another case. The lack of food, clothing and parental love in his childhood may make him a lonely and pessimistic man or even a cold-blooded criminal.

My childhood has generally produced a healthy effect on my later life. I was born into a farmer’s family, which provided me with a free and playful childhood. This proves to be a leading factor in my becoming a simple and honest man. Moreover, my early farming experiences helped to add diligence and forbearance to my character. Under the love and care of my parents, I have grown up into a loving and caring man.

69. Part-time Job on the Campus

Nowadays, part-time jobs are popular on the campus. You can see many kinds of advertisements on the bulletin board. Some need tutors, others want waiters (or waitress), or clerks, salesmen, etc.

Some students think doing a part-time job can earn some money to help support their studies, they don’t want to depend too much on parents, while others say they can get to know society, acquire some practical skills and gain certain experience through doing part-time jobs, which can lay a foundation for future work.

I consider if there is a chance, I would like to have a try in this aspect to know the society on condition that it wouldn’t affect my study. So it’s beneficial only when we take a right attitude toward a part-time job, that is, whatever we do, money should never be the first consideration.

70. Practice Makes Perfect

By “Practice makes perfect”, it is meant that perfection and success stem from enough practice. 38

It highly stresses the signification of practice for whatever one intends to achieve. Practice helps one improve speed and efficiency, and without it, one is sure to tail.

Take English studies for example. One needs to have a lot of practice before one can have a good command of English. Without practice one might not be able to spell correct words, write acceptable sentences, and express himself clearly. Through enough practices, however, one keeps improving his work. And it is commonly thought that practice is essential for both accuracy and fluency in using the language.

Another good example might be sports. Practice makes one grow stronger and run taster. In ball games, practice helps improve one’s sense and cooperation step by step. Indeed, practice is essential for success in everything.

71. Children’s Schoolbags Are Getting Heavier

These days we often hear children complaining under the pressure of an ever increasing burden of their studies. The schoolbags on their back are getting heavier and heavier, and the hours spent on their homework are longer and longer.

Why can’t their burden be relieved in spite of social protest? For one thing, parents have a strong desire for the early intellectual achievement of their children. They believe that if you don’t force them to read more, a golden opportunity for success will be lost and the chance of their being admitted to key schools and then to colleges will be slim. So children are under constant pressure to score high. For another, teachers, together with children’s parents, will apply pressure to them. Since scores are not only the mark of success or failure for a student, but also a measurement of a teacher’s performance. It is natural for a teacher to assign more homework for his own sake as well as for his students’.

To lighten children’s burden of studies is not an easy task, but it is worth making our efforts to achieve this. After all teachers and parents do not want children to be crushed under heavy schoolbags.

72. Reading Comprehension in CET

Reading Comprehension is really the most important part in CET. It occupies nearly half of the total marks. Test conductors regard it as an effective and scientific way of testing communicative 39

competence of the English language.

Many students failed in CET simply because they had done a bad job in reading comprehension. One cause of this is their poor vocabulary and grammar. They met with too many new words and expressions and failed to understand some complex yet important sentences. Another cause is that they were lacking in background knowledge that greatly helps understanding sometimes.

A number of ways may improve reading ability. For example, you can get a large and extensive vocabulary by reciting texts and reading as much as possible; reading a good grammar book is also necessary. To say it briefly, nothing improves reading but reading.

73. Self-confidence

Self-confidence refers to the firm belief in one’s capability to do something well. In many cases, self-confidence is crucial to one’s success because it, on the one hand, provides a solid psychological ground for one’s work and on the other hand, it is based on an evaluation of one’s understanding of a certain kind of knowledge done by oneself.

Self-confidence is an important psychological factor in our work, a self-confident person will find the work much easier and more interesting than one that holds a gloomy view on one’s own ability. Similarly, when facing a patient, the doctor who is quite confident of his treatment is more likely to give much comfort to the patient and therefore achieves a more satisfying result than a doctor who isn’t because the self-confidence of a doctor greatly influences his patient’s mood.

However, we shouldn’t confuse self-confidence with conceit. The former is based on a thorough understanding of knowledge one has acquired whereas the latter isn’t. Conceit may make people succeed temporarily, but that won’t last; nevertheless, self-confidence is forever a help, a stimulus to one’s success.

74. My View on Job-hopping

Many people are inclined to do one job in their lives. In their opinions, people who change their jobs frequently are superficial and unwise. They believe that the only way to success is to stick to one job, for constant practice in a professional field helps make an expert.

But there are still many people who don’t agree. They argue that change means progress. If you are not satisfied with your present job, of course you have the right to replace it with a mare challenging and better paid one. Every change is a step to further success. This idea may be the reason why they change their jobs so often.

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For my part, I think it reasonable to change your job if you have a better opportunity. But once you have found a position where you can fully display your ability, it is advisable to settle down to it and put all your efforts into it. Only in this way can you get the true joy of achieving your goal.

75. The World is Getting Smaller and Smaller

With the progress of science and technology, more and more modern forms of transportation appear nowadays. Buses, trains and ships have come into use for nearly a century, and traveling by air is getting common in our days. The times when man could only travel by foot had gone away for ever.

And communication between people is also becoming more convenient and frequent. From my point of view, not only the communication in one’s own country, but the communication with other countries as well is getting vigorous. This is a great era full of information and communication. No one can deny this fact.

So, I think, in such a great era, we should unite as one to face anything that would happen to us human beings. To sum up, what we need most in the epoch-making days are unity, friendship and progress.

76. Intelligence and Diligence

The desire to be successful is universal. When the topic is being discussed, these two factors—intelligence and diligence are often involved, which are commonly believed as two different factors leading to success. Some people say that success belongs to the person of high intelligence while I believe the genuine factor leading to success includes not only intelligence but also diligence.

My conclusion above is based on the following point of views. First of all, modern scientific research indicates that intelligent difference from people is not large and the so-called talents are rare. That is to say most people stand at the same starting point for the competition of success. Secondly, some people often complain that their low intelligence leads to their low grades and failures. They, however, neglect, such a simple fact: knowledge is in books, goals are in distance. Without reading, knowledge cannot automatically enter your mind. And without working hard, your goals will never be turned into reality. Furthermore, diligence may help make up a man’s weakness and hence, upgrade his intelligence.

Of course, my emphasis on diligence does not mean neglecting intelligence. In most cases, people of high intelligence are more likely to succeed than those of average intelligence. But there is 41

no substitute for hard work. If it is athletic achievement you want, you also have to get lots of practice to develop your skills. If it is school success you are after you cannot neglect studying. Intelligence alone cannot turn you into your heart’s desire. Only a combination of these two factors can a person be better prepared for success.

77. Economic Status and Women’s Equality

Economic status of women is clearly of utmost importance. In achieving women’s equality to men, it is imperative that women should be economically independent. Without this economic base, a woman no matter where she is from, a rich country or a developing country, cannot enjoy equal right to men. This is because the economic power and political power often go hand in hand. Without economic independence, women’s equality is just an empty dream.

Chinese women do better in terms of their economic position relative to that of men, than do women in other countries. For the past decades Chinese sisters, lose jobs when fostering children. Having this economic independence, Chinese women encouraged by the government are doing various kinds of jobs with equal pay. Furthermore, most women in the west, less lucky than their Chinese sisters, lose jobs when fostering children. Having this economic independence, Chinese women are able to support families and raise children together with their husbands. That is why the equality gap is not as large as that of western countries.

The chief reason that can explain the above factors is that the Chinese government has not only adopted the policy of equal pay for equal job, but also taken measures to carry out this policy. Enterprises, companies, factories, institutions and so on all provide women with child care, ensuring women to continue with their work. Valid as these statements, there is one thing we should remember our personal income is still among the world’s lowest. This implies that both men and women need to improve their overall economic well-being.

78. Internet

Nowadays almost everyone gets familiar with internet as computers become more and more popular in our families and offices. Internet provides a shortcut, which enables you to contact with the whole world. If a computer is interconnected with internet, you will go into a gallery full of information and get them quickly. If a company makes full use of internet, it can get commercial information quickly so as to make the business successful. If a university gets their computers 42

interconnected with the internet, scholars can trace the program of advanced science and technology, and students, who might have to spend much more time in library, can get the materials quickly. If you have your own computer on internet, you can contact with your friends through e-mail and chatting about everything with the people everywhere on the earth in BBS.

On the other hand, some people are indulged in it and spend enormous time on internet even without sleeping for several days. Furthermore, due to lack of supervision on internet, a lot of unhealthy information appears on internet. If the government does not take measures, the side effect will also do harm to the society.

From my point of view, everything has two sides. We should make use of internet properly to serve our purposes. Don’t be indulged in it, otherwise it will cost you too much time, money and energy. Anyway, there is no doubt that internet has a great impact on our life.

79. Good or Evil of Suspending Study to Establish a Business?

Some people believe that it is praiseworthy for some students to suspend college studies to launch their own career. Firstly, college students in China need to be bold in their endeavors to explore the outside world. Secondly, the chances of being successful are tremendous, particularly in the currently most fashionable I.T. industry. Thirdly, students who have worked out a promising plan have the possibility of getting venture investment.

However, other people hard opposite these points of view. Their reasons are as follows. Firstly, having a leading position in business does not solely depend on passion and courage. Management skills and mature personality weigh highly to ensure that a venture can survive, but some students don’t possess these necessities. Secondly, learning as much as possible when one is young is vital to one’s later development. They doubt whether suspending one’s study is worthwhile.

In my view, to suspend college study to launch one’s own career should be either encouraged or curbed. The ambitious students need to give themselves an objective evaluation before they’re determined to be an entrepreneur right now.

80. Surfing on the Internet

Nowadays, Internet is becoming very popular in all walks of life. On the one hand, statistics 43

show that the number of people who apply to have access to Internet doubles every six months. On the other hand, Internet is employed in business, government agencies, and education sections.

Internet brings us both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are as the following. Firstly, we can communicate with our friends more rapidly and quickly. Secondly, Internet brings us fun. For example, many websites open chatrooms where we can talk with different people and make new friends. Finally, many businessmen are taking so-called E-business seriously on the net.

The Internet also has its disadvantages, just as a coin has two sides. In the first place, some people may linger too long on the net while neglecting their work or study. In the second place, some columns on the net may have a negative influence on the youth electronic commerce.

In my opinion, Internet becomes an integral part of our lives, but it is certainly not everything. Living in the 21 century, we need to make good use of the new tool-Internet, but it is just a tool, not life itself. We should not depend on it too much, nor should we ignore it deliberately.

81. Laid-off Workers Have to Face Reality

The number of laid-off workers is increasing because of the reform of the economic system. These workers have to find jobs to support themselves. But in job markets, many laid-off workers are reluctant to undertake hourly-paid domestic jobs or seek position in the private sector.

The reasons for their unwillingness to do service jobs are various. To begin with, they consider it a shame to serve other families. Furthermore, they hold the illusion that taking a job at a state-owned enterprise is somewhat respectable, while working in private sector is unstable. In addition, the work pace in the private sector is tenser and salary varies, to which some of the laid-off workers can not adapt themselves.

The re-employment of laid-off workers should be solved through the joint efforts of both the government and the workers themselves. On the one hand, it is the government’s duty to carry out some beneficial policies to help them out of difficulty. On the other hand, laid-off workers should reconsider their attitudes towards occupations in order to adapt to today’s society. Losing a job is not a shame, but losing heart is fatal.

82. My View on the Amalgamation of Universities

Some people say that two or more universities amalgamation（合并） into one is essential to the 44 st

development of China’s advanced education. Those who are in favor of the amalgamation have two reasons. The first reason is that there are many small-sized colleges in China and as a rule they are usually poor-equipped. The second reason is that presently the government is unable to allot enough funds to education. So it is advisable to decrease the number of colleges. They believe that the amalgamation will put the limited funds into efficient use.

While others remain skeptical about the advantages put forward by the advocates. They, however, do not think that large-scale amalgamation is sensible. Firstly, they argue that amalgamation will weaken the characteristics of some colleges. Secondly, they doubt the effects of large-scale amalgamation. Too large a university may bring about a lot of administrative problem.

In my opinion, the authorities should plan very carefully before they conclude that two universities should amalgamation. To follow suit in educational construction always leads us nowhere, as experience has already told us many times.

83. About Studying Abroad

Some people believe that attending a college or university in a foreign county has many advantages. Firstly, they think a student learns much more studying abroad than in his own country. Secondly, they think that they can master a foreign language more quickly and easily.

But some people don’t agree to it. They believe attending a college or university in a foreign country also has many disadvantages. Firstly, overseas students will have more difficulties both in life and in study. The most serious problem is that of language. Secondly, studying abroad costs so much that the average family can not afford it.

As far as I am concerned, both of the two viewpoints above are reasonable in some respects. Studying abroad is a very good idea if money is not a problem. Those whose family income cannot support them to go abroad had better study at home. Our country also possesses some very good colleges and universities.

84. Working at Home

The revolution in computer and telephone technology has made it a reality for business people to work at home, and this has brought about much convenience and pleasure to the people.

Generally, people enjoy working at home for the following benefits. For one thing, they not only save time by not having to travel long distance to work every day but serve money on the 45

transportation and business clothes. For another, suffering less stress from their employers, they think more clearly and can be more creative in the quiet peaceful atmosphere of their home. Most agreeable of all, they have freedom to decide for themselves how and when to do their job, which permits them to spend more time with their family.

While as is often the case, working at home allows of much more freedom than working at office, some people who work at home admit there are problems. For example, they more often, cannot separate their personal life and their working life. Beside, the loneliness from the lack of person-to-person communication and new ideas is more likely to cause some mental illness. Then again, there is a problem of holidays. Perhaps, the main problem with working at home is that some people never get a day off.

To the above problems, I believe, there are some solutions. People who work at home should well organize their work schedule, leaving adequate time for making human communication not for the purpose of business but for the sake of relaxation. And these people should bear in mind that it depends on their effort to entertain themselves. In fact, working at home has provided them with much more freedom to participate in social activities.

85. The Negative Effects of Promoting the Sale of Goods at the Door

Promoting the sale of goods to the door has been adopted for the convenience of customers. But against the purpose, this way of selling goods has caused many troubles.

To begin with, the goods promoted by at the door salesmen are not reliable. Because these goods go directly from manufacturers to customers, the quality and quantity of goods are not guaranteed. It’s more than likely that customers will be cheated to buy the fake and substandard commodities.

In addition, these salesmen disturb people’s normal lives. These salesmen, mostly young, knock at the door when you are in deep sleep after a night shift, you get up only to find some strangers are trying to sell you some unwanted goods with sales-pitches.

What makes this kind of sales even worse is that some criminals try to commit violence and robbery in the name of promoting sales. We may have heard many such cases and have been warned against these salesmen.

By and large, we have sufficient reasons to refuse these salesmen to maintain our peaceful lives.

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86. Two New Approaches to Environment Regulation

The traditional approach to environment regulation through permits, monitoring and enforcement, has often been slow, contentious and costly. As a result, industrialized and developing countries alike are trying two new approaches to more effective pollution regulation.

The first is to more proactively prevent pollution, rather than focusing on treatment and clean-up. There will always be a need for regulation, quality standards and clearly defined limits on certain discharges, but this proactive approach shifts the emphasis to improvements in process and management to reduce the volumes of pollution generated.

The second approach is to establish a careful balance between central standards and locally negotiated environmental requirements. Uniform national standards have the advantage of being clear and equitable, requiring the same results form everyone. On the other hand, local regulatory bodies can set more efficient plant-specific requirements based on real costs and specific local environmental conditions. There is a growing acceptance of the need to build serious dialogue among all the stakeholders in areas where action is urgently needed, in some cases, this involves bringing in professional mediators.

87. Internet—Two-Edged Sword

Everything lives with opposing forces. The same can be said for Internet. As a new-born information-delivering system, Internet has ushered in a new era of information age. Yet along with it, some problems have been given rise to.

Perhaps people who have some idea of it can not deny the merits born with the system. For instance, it can improve proficiency in scientific research, for by means of it scientists and researchers can get a global look at the latest development in the field concerned and accordingly they need to spend no time doing what has already been done by others. Moreover, Internet may help strengthen competitive abilities. Because information is also a kind of resource— whoever snatches it will be surely getting the upper hand in competitions. In view of personal communication, the most convenient means could be peculiar to Internet, too. As a matter of fact, Internet has served as a match-makers in some cases.

While people speak highly of Internet, its drawbacks shouldn’t be neglected. For one thing, to construct the system, a nation must invest an enormous amount funds, which may further broaden the 47

existing gap between the rich and the poor; or another, even with the system, it is by no means a piece of cake to find the needle in the haystacks of information, to distill it, and to make a right judgment, to say nothing of putting right the disastrous errors in operation as well as the fatal breakdown of the system, which often leaves things in a mess.

If it is of little meaning to make a fuss over the inconvenience brought about by the system, then it is of great significance to avert the underdeveloped country away from the vicious cycle. As the economies of all countries are interrelated, no country can develop in self-seclusion. Therefore, it is necessary to set up an information-gathering net to serve for the country, to which Internet holds the key. Despite the financial difficulties, Internet is a cost-effective step a country should take to become more competitive in the worldwide economy.

88. Advantages and Disadvantages of the only Child

One-child policy has been being enforced for many years in China. It proves successful in defusing the population explosion and many other aspects.

The one-child policy can provide many advantages. First, the only child can obtain enough care and love which was distributed in the past among many kids. Second, without the heavy burden of rearing many kids, the parents always manage to offer the child opportunity to acquire good education. Finally, because there is no brothers or sisters to help him, the child may form more independent personality in the course of tackling problems.

On the other hand, many people worry about the disadvantages of being only child. To begin with, many parents lavish care on only child. With the name of not wrapping his personality and thwarting him, they allow the child too much freedom. We are often taken aback by the behavior of many selfish, spoilt and willful children. In addition, the burden and responsibility of supporting the parents will rest on his own shoulders when the only child becomes old.

Anyhow, the advantages of being the only child outweigh the disadvantages. If the parents can tackle a thorny problem: the education of their only child, the only-child policy will show its advantages to the full.

89. Health, Wealth and Happiness

Health, wealth and happiness are the three things people frequently talk about. To these three topics different people may have different views. Some people assume that wealth is the most 48

important part in their life for it can bring them happiness. Other people believe that nothing is more important than health because good health they would have nothing including happiness.

It is true that both wealth and health can bring happiness to people, but they do not always go hand in hand with happiness. To seek wealth, some weak-willed men may become pickpockets to steal money, or robbers to grab other’s belongings, which will be bounded to ruin themselves instead of bringing them happiness. On the other hand, it does not follow that a person with a strong body would surely enjoy happiness because the meaning of happiness involves much more than being healthy alone.

As is known to all that happiness is a feeling of pleasure and contentment. This feeling encourages people to work hard, making success still more successful and stimulates the disappointed to cheer up. With this precious feeling, a person in poor health may get over his illness sooner and recover better with the help of doctors. As happiness always promises hope to people, let’s develop a healthy outlook and keep a pleasant state of mind.

90. On Clone

The term Clone may not be new to most people. It refers to the descendent of a single plant or animal, produced non-sexually from any one cell, and with exactly the same or as the parent.

It goes without saying that Clone technology is an achievement in science. However, as to its application, different people take different attitudes. Many people are very excited about the success of Clone technique. They think it offers the possibilities that human beings can breed excellent varieties of plants and animals by making full use of high grade gene. Hence human beings can benefits a lot from it. While some other people hold different opinions about the Clone technique. They think it is easily misused, which will bring about a disaster. For example, if Clone technique is carried out on human beings, it will lead to moral confusion. Moreover, we can’t predict what disaster it will bring about.

Therefore, it is safe to say that the Clone technique in itself is innocent, but once it is misused, its destructive power will be uncontrollable. However, I’m very pleased to read the reports that scientists are trying to breed Clone animals to benefit people. So it is important that we apply the Clone technology properly and make it benefit human beings.

91. How to Stop the Brain Drain

Ever since the early 1980s, one batch of gifted people after another has gone abroad to learn 49

advanced science and technology or to settle down as immigrants. These Chinese are a treasure. The outflow of them is a loss to our nation.

We can classify the causes of brain drain into two groups. A handful of people go abroad to seek money and comfortable life. But most gifted people emigrate because they can’t bring their talent into full play in their motherland. They want to pursue better working conditions, further their studies and keep up with the latest academic achievements by studying or working abroad.

Whatever the reason, the brain drain creates a serve bottleneck on the development of our nation. Governments at all levels should take measures to counter the tide. First of all, we must be conscious that the brain drain should not be stopped by restriction. Some unreasonable employment and personnel system should be changed so that people can use their skills and knowledge at full length. What’s more, a host of benefits, such as high salaries better working conditions, should be granted to prevent many experts and scholars from leaving motherland. I believe, with environments being optimized step by step, more and more gifted people will choose to develop their careers within their motherland.

92. Don’t Push the Pupils too Hard

Generally speaking, studying too hard may be harmful to students.

At present, many teachers expect their pupils to do more work than they can handle. Furthermore, parents do not realize that pressing their children to study harder than called for can injure their health.

In fact, most parents know that growing boys and girls need relaxation as well as exercise. On the other hand, many students have no choice but to burn the candle at both ends in order to get good grades and please their parents. But a physically weak or socially deprived child may not be able to keep up with such a hurried pace. Therefore, some students may very possibly fail in school because of this pressure to study in excess of what is required.

93. Don’t Abuse “Code of Brotherhood”

What is “Code of Brotherhood”? It means to be honest and courageous. It appears when a person tries to help friends regardless of his own interest or safety. This “code of brotherhood ” should be praised, for it represents justice.

But some people misunderstand “code of brotherhood” for helping friends without principle. So 50

with the excuse of “code of brotherhood”, they get involved into group fighting and become the black sheep of the whole society. To show “code of brotherhood”, some guys may harbor criminals or even break the law. This “code of brotherhood” is very dangerous.

This society needs heroes who can save others out of danger, who dare to stand out to uphold justice, but not those who fight only for their group’s interests. We should base our “code of brotherhood” on obeying the law and not affecting other’s reasonable rights. Let’s appeal for real “code of brotherhood” and eliminate the abused one.

94. Green Olympics

It has been a shared dream of the majority of Chinese people to host the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing since the city won the bid. For this purpose, Beijing has worked out an ambitious construction program to make the 2008 Olympics a true green Olympic Games.

However, there is still a long way to go in hosting a green Olympics. The air in Beijing is sometimes dirty and unclear due to sandstorms and pollutant gases emitted from cars running in the roads. Rivers are polluted by wastes from industries and daily life, making them unfit for fish and plants to live in. White pollution, in particular, has been big worry concerning environment hanging around us. Though high technology and modern industries bring our society a lot of convenience, they lead to great pollution: waste water, polluted air and noise pollution.

Fortunately, Beijing has taken environmental protection as a first and foremost condition for its Olympic planning and construction. Through high-tech measures, a high-grade green ecological system and the first-class woodlands and greenery resource have been being built in Beijing. A modern international metropolis Beijing, featuring with fresh air, an elegant environment and fine ecology will welcome people from all over the world.

95. Is Euthanasia Humane （安乐死人道吗）？

Medical science is doing all it can to extend human life and is succeeding brilliantly. Living conditions are so much better, so many diseases can either be prevented or cured that life expectation has increase enormously. But is it a good thing to extend human suffering to prolong life, not in order to give joy and happiness, but to give pain and sorrow? It’s an unsettled discussion.

Many countries have legalized euthanasia and many people are in favor of it for various reasons. First, euthanasia can bring mental and physical release to the patient and his family when he is terminally ill and has no prospect of recovering. In addition, euthanasia is motivated by nothing but love and sympathy for the dying patient. What’s more, most of the terminally ill patients themselves want to die with dignity and peace instead of agony and degradation. Euthanasia is the only 51

satisfactory way out.

But their rivals think it is inhumane to perform euthanasia to matter how painless the process is. They claim nothing can be more brutal than taking away human life and the task of medical personnel is to save dying patients instead of hastening their death by active measures. They added that legalized euthanasia would invite abuse of human life because unscrupulous people may conveniently dub any form of murder “mercy killing”.

Considering the opinions of both sides, many governments find them in dilemma of whether legalizing euthanasia. The debate will continue for long period of time.

96. Private Schools

More and more private schools are being set up in China these days, ending the state monopoly in the country’s educational system. Although private schools are still on the experimental stage and are much more expensive as compared with the public schools, there is no lack of application for enrollment.

People welcome private schools for good reasons. First of all, those schools are relieving our government of part of the burdens of financing so many schools. Secondly, parents are willing to send their only child to better schools even if it costs more. And having more money than the government-funded public schools, those private schools can attract better teachers. They can also offer better environment including superior living facilities and more advanced teaching equipment.

However, adequate money doesn’t guarantee good education. If not well guided and properly disciplined, the privileged young children might turn out to be new aristocrats, and therefore unfit for our highly competitive modern society.

97. Socialization of the Rear-service:

a Direction of Reform in China’s Universities

The socialization of the rear-service has been put into practice in some big cities. It is proved to be successful attempt in the university reform.

Socialization of the rear-service is feasible for various grounds. To begin with it can release the universities from the heavy burden of supporting rear-service. Every year, large sums are earmarked to the rear-service department with little financial return. With this reform, a large amount of money can be saved for teaching. In addition, this reform can motivate the enthusiasm of rear-service personnel. Being socialized, they must find ways to survive in the competition with organizations out 52

of universities. The pressure may drive them to improve their service. So the students may find themselves in better living environments, enjoying more delicious and less expensive meals.

By and large, the socialization of rear-service may serve the interests of both the students and the universities. Nevertheless, this reform is at the initial stages and many elements may stem its process. It should be implemented in conformity with different and areas and universities.

98. Advertisements

Nowadays advertisements can be seen everywhere: in pubs and buses, in newspapers and magazines, on TV screens and playgrounds. It’s more and more difficult for you to resist the attraction of colorful and advertisements. We may well say advertisements have become a part of people’s life today.

There is a great deal to be said in favor of advertising. First, it provides much useful information. The customer is told what is available on the market and how one product differs from another. Secondly, a wide range of activities receives financial support we would have to pay much more for newspapers and sports games. Finally, the best advertisements even provide entertainment. A considerable amount of effort goes into their production. So in most cases the photography is truly beautiful and the slogans are very funny.

Despite its immediate benefits, we should be on the alert for the deceptive words of advertisement. Therefore, we should be careful to buy goods.

99. The Total Amount of China Import and Export

中国进出口贸易总额

按人民币计算（亿元）

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The table shows China’s import and export situation. The amount of import and export increased steadily from q950 to 1985. The import amount is greater than the export amount.

The foreign trade amount in 1985 was fifty times as much as that in 1950. The export amount in 1985 was forty times that in 1950. The import amount in 1985 was 12578 million yuan, an increase of sixty-fold over 1950. The import amount had been about the same as the export amount until 1981, with the exception of the trade deficit of 2000 million yuan in 1978. 1983 saw an export surplus of 1700 million yuan. But the trade deficit in 1985 amounted to 44850 million yuan.

The rapid growth of the amount of import and export owes much to the open door policy. Steps should be taken to increase the export amount.

100. Television and Newspapers

Television and newspapers are all very important news media. However, there are differences between them as source of news.

If an individual purchases a television set for a few thousand yuan he has access to on-the-spot news coverage from all over the world. At the flick（轻敲、轻拍） of a switch he can see news happen, and can watch both celebrations and tragedies as they actually occur.

On the other hand, the newspaper has the advantage of a different kind of convenience. The subscriber（订户） does not have to remain glued to a television set but can read the news at his leisure and save many hours. For a few cents, he can read the history of the world as it unfolds.

It is easy to say, therefore, that while TV has the advantage of immediacy and dramatic effect, the newspaper is far less costly, more convenient, and more permanent.

101. Preserving Natural Resources

Through the changes in the ways of making a living in a family for several generations, the passage aims at sounding a warning against man’s wasteful use of natural resources and emphasizing the urgent need to preserve these resources.

Ever since man appeared on the earth, man’s suvival has beeen heavily relied on nature. Almost everything we use in our everyday life comes from nature, ranging from the food we eat, the water we drink, to the wood which is turned into furniture at an alarming rate.

However, natural resources are not inexhaustible. Some reserves are already on the brink of exhaustion and there is no hope of replacing them. The widespread water shortage is an example in point. If man continued to squander natural resources with no thought for the future, the later generations would end up selling sand, and the whole world would be in a mass.

Time is running out. It is up to us to take effective measures before the situation gets out of hand.

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英文作文评析

1 "Good Health"

1．身体健康的重要性。

2．保持健康的途径。

3．我自己的实践。

Good Health

The desire for good health is universal. In our competitive society it is important to maintain good health. On the one hand, people with good health can do work with full confidence and their progress in work in turn contributes to their health and happiness. On the other hand, a sick person is usually not interested in everything around him and therefore he loses many opportunities to become successful.

There are many ways to keep it. First, those who are always on the go from morning till night should find time to relax because too much stress will affect their health. Second, enough time should be left for sleep because that will help one become rested and refreshed. Finally, regular physical exercises benefit one's health a lot. So one should always keep in mind that a certain amount of exercise is not a waste of time.

As for me, I like playing tennis in the morning. I also attach much importance to enough sleep and relaxation. I believe this will ensure my good health for the rest of my life.

<评析> 这篇文章语句通顺，语言流畅，句式变化多样，用词面比较宽。就内容来说，则很切题，包括了提纲中的所有要点。第一段的第二句即主题句是从提纲发展而来的，第二段的首句，即主题句也是由提纲中的第二点发展而来。

2 . Hope Project

Education plays a very important role in the modernization of our country. However, because of historical factors, there are still a lot of people in China who are undereducated, especially among youngsters in rural areas. They cannot afford the expenses of schooling and need help. At the same time, China is not able to invest too much money in the matter at present time. It is in this particular situation that the authorities carry out the "Hope Project ".

This project is necessary to our country. It is an urgent measure that the government has taken. In the first place, this project will provide conditions for the youngsters to go back to school, which will contribute to their future success. Thus it will lead to the enhancement of the intelligence level in our country. Secondly, education makes it possible for people to acquire knowledge, which is useful to their future work. Hence, this Project benefits the modernization of our country a lot. Finally, it can make more people educated. Therefore, it may indirectly result in the increase of the living standards of our people.

In my opinion, this project is of great importance to our country at the present time. And it also will have a profound effect on the future achievements of our country. I suggest that more work be done so that every child in the countryside can receive elementary education.

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<评析> 次序词的使用不仅限于first, second, third，本文第二段使用了in the first place, secondly, finally列举原因，说明希望工程为什么对我国很必需，条理清晰，层次分明。

3. Population Control

Progress in science and the improvement of living conditions have led to the rapid growth of the world population. Modern medicine, for example, has made it possible for babies to grow up healthily and for people to live longer. With improved living conditions, particularly in the countryside, people tend to have larger families. As a result, the world population has increased so rapidly that it has now exceeded 6 billion.

But the overgrowth of population presents a threat to the existence of human society. A large population demands a great deal of food supply and shelter space. However, limited productivity and scarce world resources can hardly meet the needs of the ever-increasing population. Thus, in the long run, the overgrowth of the world population will only harm mankind.

To guarantee the steady development of human society, mankind must realize the consequences resulting from fast population growth and carry out a family planning program. Only by adopting effective measures, can human society develop steadily and have a bright future.

<评析> 本文把各个段落巧妙连接的方法是利用转折关系：文章第一段说：科学的发展和生活条件的改善使世界人口出现了迅速增长。第二段却一转，说道：人口的过分增长威胁了人类社会生存，第二段段首句引出的问题，是第一段讨论内容的又一方面。最后一段提出解决办法，即人们必须采取行之有效的人口政策限制人口的增长。

转折过渡句往往用在这样类型的文章，即所有事物都有正有负，正、反两方面均提出后，再寻找解决办法。

4. Modernization in China

Modernization will bring a number of benefits to the people of China. Advancements in science and technology will result in better industrial and consumer products. New roads, trucks and trains will improve transportation for both people and goods. With new health care methods people will live happier and longer.

However, modernization also gives rise to a number of new problems. Pollution of the air, ground, and water has become a serious problem in many parts of China. An increase in vehicles on the roads has also resulted in more traffic accidents, injuries and deaths.

We can, however, deal with these problems if we are careful. We can train many environmental scientists who can help factories operate cleanly. We can pass new laws to regulate our traffic more safely. Finally, we must expand our education system to prepare better educated people for tomorrow.

<评析> 本文是段与段之间使用过渡句较好的例子。文章第一段说现代化给中国人民带来许多益处，第二段一开始就由however引出过渡句，指出现代化也同样带来新的问题。第三段段首的过渡句则用一个however巧妙地过渡到如何解决这些问题。过渡句的使用既表达了各段之间语义上的转折，又使文章各段衔接自然。

5. Controlling Cancer

There are two main causes of cancer: heredity and environment. We can do nothing to change 56

our heredity, that is, the basic physical characteristics that were passed on to us by our parents. However, we can do a great deal to control our environment, which may account for 80-90 %of all cancers.

Environmental pollution can be divided into two kinds: personal and impersonal. Personal pollution may be defined roughly as unhealthy habits such as smoking, drinking, and eating the wrong foods. Clearly, with enough will power we can control this personal environment.

Impersonal pollution, on the other hand, refers to those things which are beyond our individual control. One example would be industrial pollution, which is very hard to control because of the expense involved. It would be expensive in terms of profits and perhaps jobs. The American automobile industry, for example, resisted the law requiring smog-control devices because it feared the added expense would reduce profits. Nevertheless, some laws protecting the environment have been quite successful in reducing pollution.

<评析> 文章第一段说：癌症的起因有二，遗传和环境。第二段说环境原因又有两种，人为的和非人为的。第三段讨论非人为原因造成的环境污染，这是全篇的重点，所以笔墨最多。文章的讨论由粗到细，由大到小，最后归结到了问题最严重，也最为关键的那一点。

6. Equality Between Men and Women

At present, more and more people think that men and women should enjoy equal rights. Many countries even have passed laws to guarantee such an equality between different sexes. Accordingly, there are now no longer certain jobs or certain places that are closed to women. The number of business women, female doctors, scientists and leaders is considerably increasing.

There are three main reasons for the improvement of women's social position. First, women themselves have been persistently struggling for equality. Second, men also realize that women are not born inferior to them. Women can do a great many things as well as or even better than men. Third, social development has produced a great demand for women's participation in every field.

In spite of these changes the liberation of women has not been completely realized. Prejudice against women is deeply rooted still in some people's mind, especially in distant rural areas. So, mankind should take further painstaking efforts to really realize equality.

<评析> 本文过渡词使用较好。文章的第二段，就是非常典型的用first, second, third为次序词从三方面进行论证的例子。

范文7 Getting to Know the World outside the Campus

1．大学生了解社会的必要性

2．了解社会的途径（大众媒介，社会服务等）。

3．我打算怎么做。

Getting to Know the World outside the Campus

With the rapid development of our society, the campus is no longer an "Ivory Tower". Students must get in touch with the world outside the campus so that they can adapt themselves to society more quickly when they graduate.

Almost all students keep themselves informed by TV, radio broadcasts and newspapers. Some of them even take up a part-time job in their spare time. Working as tutors, serving in some fast-food restaurants? All these have kept students in touch with society.

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Now the summer vacation will come and I've already found myself a job－working as a typist in an office. I've learned typing for many years and I think I can do it well. It's a good chance for me to get to know society, to learn how to get along with my colleagues and to see how my knowledge is put into practice. When the next semester begins, I'll still try to get this kind of little job. Regardless of the pay, I think the most important thing is that I can really know a lot about society.

<评析> 本文采用重复使用中心词（组）的方法来达到过渡。文章虽没有使用任何过渡词，但通篇文章读起来通顺流畅，并无逻辑问题，原因在于文章运用关键词重复的手法。文章标题为“了解校园以外的社会”，所以文章的中心词定位于“了解社会”。第一段中有＂get in touch with the world outside the campus＂，第二段末尾有＂get in touch with the society＂，第三段中有＂get to know the society＂，段尾又有＂know a lot about the society＂，四次重复出现关键词点出文章的主旨所在。

8 . Human Beings and Animals

Human beings are different from animals in many ways. One of the differences is the ability of human beings to build. It is true that many animals are builders. Birds make nests, and bees make hives. But no animal could build the pyramids or the Great Wall or the Eiffel Tower. The variety, size, and beauty of the structures built by human beings is simply unsurpassed.

Another difference is the ability of human beings to use intelligence. Many animals are probably more clever than we realize, but no animal has the ability to write, to reason, or to speak. Only human beings can invent computers, make use of solar energy. Only human beings paint, draw, compose music, and write poetry.

These are but a few of the differences between human beings and animals. It is our special abilities that give us power to affect the world for the benefit of all mankind. We should be thankful for those abilities and learn to use them in a more wise way.

<评析> 本文是利用过渡句过渡的一篇范例。这篇文章第一段第一句是全文的论点，指出人与动物在很多方面不同。第一段讨论了第一种不同，即人的建筑能力非动物所能及。第二段讲的是第二种不同，即人有智慧。第三段说人与动物的不同还有其它很多种。第一、二、三段的段首句是每段的统领，而它们之间又存在着递进的关系。

9. Different Social Customs Between Americans and Chinese

Social customs differ in different parts of the world. If we don't realize this, misunderstanding may arise between people that behave differently. In the United States, people are very informal in social situations. For example, they call each other by their given names when two people first meet. So do the young to the old. In China, it would be regarded quite impolite to do so.

Another difference is about what can be talked about in a conversation. A Chinese thinks nothing of being asked how much his coat cost while Americans think it impolite to ask such a question. A Chinese woman doesn't care if she is asked about her age. Politics, religions, as well as incomes are often talked about among Chinese. But in the United States these kinds of subjects are usually avoided in conversation.

Since there are many other different social customs between Americans and Chinese, the way that we behave and what we talk about requires our attention. If we keep these in mind, we will do it better and understand each other better.

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<评析>：本文以所给关键词为主线，合理填充内容。第一段从世界范围阐述社会习惯的存在，以美国作为例子，紧扣标题。第二段则进一步点出区别到处存在，年龄、政治、收入的话题常常在中国人之间谈起，而在美国，诸如此类问题最好避而不谈。第三段指出由于存在不同的社会习惯，我们在行为举止、谈话内容等方面要多加注意，这样才能促进两国人民相互之间的理解。可见结尾并不是对开头简单的重复，而是对开头的升华，把文章提高到了一个更高的层次。

1. Learning English By Speaking More

Many Chinese students who have learned English for more than ten years are still unable to speak English fluently when they meet a foreigner. They seem to have mastered the basic language structure, but a conversation in English will make them feel uneasy. They are afraid that other people might find out their mistakes.

It is not uncommon that many students, who are bad speakers of English, can write English perfectly. This proves that they are not able to organize their ideas in English. The center of the problem is that they lack practice and confidence.

Why should you be afraid? Do you fear those foreigners with whom you are speaking? Don't be shy, they will not laugh at you just for a small mistake you have made. The best way to get rid of this trouble is to learn to speak by speaking more. I am sure that constant practice will help you to succeed.

<评析>文章第一、二段分析了许多学了十多年英语的中国学生见了外国人依然不能用英语流利地对话这一现状产生的原因。文章在第三段提出解决这一问题的最好方法就是多说多练。全文切题，思路清晰，行文流畅，文字顺通，连贯性较好，基本上没有语言错误。

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