正反对比式

文章从正反两个方面取材、论证，在正反对比中彰显中心论点。这种结构方式的好处是论述过程更加严密，见解更具说服力。如下文：

说“安”

——奋斗者永安

紫禁城的正门被叫做天安门，这一“安”字，安定、安全、安宁、安逸之意尽在其中；自然，还潜藏着统治者安于斯所、安于现状的心理。

然而，天下没有永久的“安”，只有不安于现状，与时俱进，勇于变革的人，才会在奋斗中感受到真正的心安神宁。

安于现状，是对自身昏聩的一种纵容。三国蜀汉后主刘禅，投降后被封为“安乐公”。他不思亡国之痛，不恨亡国之辱，而是纵情于灯红酒绿，安乐于纸醉金迷。于是，这种对自身的放纵，导致了他灵魂的销蚀，成为了千秋笑柄。

安于现状，是对人生理想的一种阻挠。人生理想宛如万仞险峰，无限风光，尽在悬崖之巅，绝壁之顶。实现理想，就是沿着陡峭山路攀登的过程。设若登至半山腰，触到些花花草草，看到点片云只月，变欣欣然安于中道，不再奋力攀爬，无意天下奇观，这种“安”不是一种淡泊，而是一种阻挠前进的障壁。

安于现状，是对国家前途的不负责任。清军入关后，自认为天朝上国，物阜人丰，无须同外国互通有无。于是，清廷闭关锁国，将西方先进的科技、文化和思想一并挡在冷冷高墙之外。统治者们耽于九州一统的格局，安于封建体系的森严，终于造成科技、军事的落后，惨败于西方、东方殖民者的坚船利舰之下。连天的炮火打破了这份所谓的安宁，一纸纸丧权辱国的条约，成为这个不可一世的末代王朝耻辱的写照。

安于现状，永远得不到真正的“安”。而真正心安神宁的人，正是那些不安于现状、与时俱进、勇于变革、开拓进取的勇士。

不安于现状，决定着一个人的自强不息，有所作为。居里夫人在发现放射性元素“鈈”之后，举世闻名，但她并未就此停下进步的脚步，而是不安于现状，继续探索，终于又发现了“镭”，从而为人类科学史又增添了光彩照人的一笔。

不安于现状，决定着一个国家的崛起、富强。是那些不安于现状的革命者，前仆后继，创建了崭新的中国；是那些不安于现状的建设者，不知疲倦，创建着富强的中国。

于是，不安于现状者才在不断努力中感受到一份真正的安定、安宁，真正的心安。

愿不安于现状者永安！

（20xx年高考北京卷，以“说‘安’”为题）

本文立论气度不凡，引证饱满丰盈。从一个“安”字说开去，论个人，修养道德、理想信念；谈国家，社会民族、历史未来。紫禁城的“天安门”，亡国君的“安乐窝”；清军入主中原的辉煌，沦丧主权国格的耻辱；新中国的“站起来”，新时代的“走向前”??穿珠串玉，充满了历史的厚重感。四个分论点“安于现状”的论述层层深入，进而又以“不安于现状决定着个人和国家的命运”将主题深化，前后对比映衬中，全面和谐地表现了“奋斗者永安”的题旨。

学然后知不足

雄鹰只有当它搏击蓝天时，才知道天空是多么辽阔，而自己又是多么的渺小；小溪只有在奔入大海时，才知道海洋是多么宽广，而自己又是多么微不足道；同样，一个人只有当他

学得愈多时，才知道学海无涯，而自己学到的知识只不过是沧海之一粟罢了，他才懂得要永

无止境地进取，用句古人的话说，就是“学然后知不足”。

有些人往往不愿意学习，不愿学习当然就与未知领域接触得少，也就不知道未知领域是多么深远奥妙，自然不会感到自己的不足，反而以为自己还很有知识。这正如井底之蛙，不愿跳出井口，不知天高地厚而自鸣得意。我国南朝梁文学家江淹，早年以文章著名，被誉为“江南才子”，后来他不思进取，不愿继续学习，最后留下了“江郎才尽”的笑话。我国古代还有这样一则寓言，讲的是一个楚国人学习驾船的故事。起初他的师傅在平静的水面教他，不几日，他便能操舟自如。于是他以为自己“尽操舟之术”，不愿继续学习，，就辞别了师傅。后来他驾舟到江里去，江里浪涛翻滚，他只落得“四顾胆落，坠桨失舵”。这则寓言告诉我们，不深入学习就不能找到自己的不足，也就不能真正掌握一门知识。

相反，学习就能使人感到自己知识的不足，学得愈多，就愈感到不足。著名科学家芝诺曾经用一个生动的比喻来说明这个道理。他用一个圆的内部来表示自己已掌握的知识，而用圆的外部表示未知的知识，他说一个人知识越多，这个圆就越大，这个圆的周长也就越大，与未知域的接触也越大。因此，他对他的学生说：“从这个意义上讲，我不知道的东西比你们多些。”这位科学家正是始终不满足，不断地进取，才在科学上取得了辉煌的成就。

学然后知不足，首先必须学，而且要不断地学，只有这样，才能获得较多的知识，才能更感到自己的不足，也只有永不满足，才能促使自己不断地学习，不断地进取。鲁迅先生说：“不满足是向上的车轮。”列宁说：“最有害的，就是自以为我们总还懂得一点什么。”巴甫洛夫说：“你们在任何时候也不要以为自己什么都知道。不管别人怎样器重你们，你们总要有勇气对自己说‘我没有知识。’”这些教诲，从不同的侧面告诉我们，要不断进取，永不满足。

朱熹有诗云：“问渠哪得清如许，惟有源头活水来。”如果把知识比作那渠中的清水，那么学习就是知识源泉的源头。只有永不满足地学习，才能使知识的源泉永不干涸，永远流出清澈的泉水，浇灌出智慧的花朵，结出丰收的硕果。

本文先从反面入手，举例论证，指出“有些人往往不愿意学习，不愿学习当然就与未知领域

接触得少，也就不知道未知领域是多么深远奥妙，自然不会感到自己的不足，反而以为自己还很有知识。”接着又运用举例论证法从正面论证，分析了学习的好处，最后总结归纳，提出了自己的看法。文章思路清晰，对比鲜明，可称得上是一篇成功运用正反对比式结构的典范之作。

本篇文章来源于 布衣教师() 原文出处：/thread-11506-1-1.html

 

第二篇：高考英语议论文基础写作—正反观点对比

要求学生从正反两个方面来论证某一观点，对这类题型，审题时注意：

体裁：说明文       时态：一般现在时      人称：第一、三人称

第一段：文章开头，总述事件或情况

第二段：阐述提纲中列举的第一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明：
主题句＋理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例

第三段：阐述提纲中列举的另一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明：
主题句＋理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例

第四段：表明自己的观点结束全文（在结尾的时候，一定要表明自己的观点。）

文章构思：①.提出问题   ②.不同观点的对比    ③.说明自己的观点

表示不同观点的套语：

1. 总起：

①.Different people hold / have different opinions.

②.Opinions are divided.

③.People have different opinions on this problem.

④.People take different views on this question.

⑤.People have taken / adopted different attitudes towards…

2. 表达不同的观点

①….of them hold the opinion that…

②….of them are in favor of the idea that…

③.People who are for / against the idea that…

④.Some people believe that…, others argue that…

3. 不同观点之间的衔接

①.However, each coin has two sides.

②.However,…of them hold…

③.People who are against it don’t think so.

④.On the other hand,…people object that…

⑤.different from those…,…people think…

过渡性词语

表列举：for example、for instance、that is to say

表补充：besides、in　addition、moreover

表对比：on the one hand…on the other hand, in spite of, on the contrary.

表原因：because of、thanks to、due to、owing to

表结果：therefore、thus、as a result、so

表结论：to conclude、in a word、in brief、to sum up

表转折：however、nevertheless、yet

正反观点写作模版 1

①Different people have different views on Spring Festival Gala (庆祝；节日). ②Some prefer the view that __________________for the reason that_____________③ In contrast, some are not quite in favor of the opinion that________ because they think __________④In addition, There is no denying that _____________⑤As for me, I agree with the second opinion because __________.

模板2

__________ had a discussion about whether__________. Opinions are divided on this issue. ________of the students think _________ should ________. _____. What’s more, _______. 

On the other hand, ______ of the students think _______ shouldn’t ______. What’s worse, ______.

In short, _______ have not arrived at any agreement yet.

本人观点：As far as I am concerned …….

/(In my opinion, …….; It’s my opinion that……), For one reason,……. For another reason…… In a word,…….

模板3

   We had a heated discussion about/on ...….  Students’ views/ideas/opinions on it vary/differ from person to person. Some students say / think / believe that…  However, others hold the view that……

   As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the first/second view./ I would like to ….The reasons are as follows.

First, …… Secondly,……

In conclusion / In a word ,……

模板4　

    There is a widespread concern over the issue that （作文题目）But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.

　A majority of people think that _ 观点一_. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place,原因一.Furthermore, in the second place, 原因二. So it goes without saying that观点一. 

People, however, differ　in　their opinions on　this　matter.　Some　people　hold the idea that观点二. In their point of view, for one thing，原因一.  For another thing,原因二. Therefore, there　is no　doubt　that观点二_.　

    As far as I am concerned, I　firmly　support　the　view　that观点一或二.　It　is not only because ____, but also because ____.   ……

例文：请根据以下的写作内容，使用５个规范的英语句子描述全部所给的信息内容．

作为一个中学生, 你肯定经历过多次考试, 体验过成功, 也遭遇过失败. 请你根据提示内容，简要概述中学生普遍存在的对考试失败的两种态度, 并结合自身实际, 说明你的观点.态度一: 当考试结果不尽人意时, 情绪低落, 丧失信心, 不再继续努力。态度二: 当考试失败时, 分析找出失败的原因, 鼓励自己, 增强自信, 避免再犯同样的错。

你的观点: 失败乃成功之母, ……

审题：  

体裁: 议论文         时态: 现在时         人称: 第一、三人称

要点:

(1) 我们中学生经历过多次考试, 体验过成功, 也遭遇过失败.

(2) 态度一: 当考试结果不尽人意时, 情绪低落, 丧失信心, 不再继续努力.

(3) 态度二: 当考试失败时, 分析找出失败的原因, 鼓励自己, 增强自信, 避免再犯同样的错。

(4)我的观点: 失败乃成功之母, ……

构思---文章结构：正反观点对比类的文章

1. 提出问题  2. 不同观点对比  3. 说明自己观点

(1)    我们中学生经历过多次考试, 体验过成功, 也遭遇过失败. （提出问题）

   (对考试失败大致有两种态度. )

(2) 态度一: 当考试结果不尽人意时, 情绪低落, 丧失信心, 不再继续努力.

(3) 态度二: 当考试失败时, 分析找出失败的原因, 鼓励自己, 增强自信, 避免再犯同样的错。

（不同观点对比）

(4)我的观点: 失败乃成功之母, …（说明自己观点）

构思---句型短语

(1) 我们中学生经历过多次考试, 体验过成功, 也遭遇过失败. 对考试失败大致有两种态度.

have/ take many tests or exams/ do well in the exams/ achieve success / suffer from failure/

fail (in) the exams/ take different attitudes towards…/ There be different attitudes towards…

(2) 态度一: 当考试结果不尽人意时, 情绪低落, 丧失信心, 不再继续努力.

be in low spirits/ have passive attitudes/ lose heart/confidence/ no longer study hard/

no longer try one’s best …

(3) 态度二: 当考试失败时, 分析找出失败的原因, 鼓励自己, 增强自信, 避免再犯同样的错。

find out/ analyze the causes/ encourage oneself/ have/take active attitudes/

build up self-confidence/ avoid making the same mistake

(4) 你的观点: 失败乃成功之母, ……

in my view / opinion, I agree with…/ As for me, …/ As far as I’m concerned/ in brief/

in a word/ in summary

Failure is the mother of success.

连接成篇【写在作文本】

20##年高考题范文

最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票？请你根据下表提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。

注意：

1、信的开头已为你写好。 2、词数：100左右。

3、参考词汇：门票：entrance fee

Dear Editor,

I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.

……

                                                                       Yours truly

                                                                        Li Hua

范文：

Dear Editor,

    I'm writing to tell you about the discussion we've had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.

    Opinions are divided on the question. 60％of the students are against the idea of entrance fee. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.

On the other hand, 40％ think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.

                                                                   Yours truly

                                                                    Li Hua

    可以看出，这类文章的写作，首先要提出问题，即双方讨论的问题。接下来提出观点一，并用一系列论据进行阐明。说明完观点一之后，再提出观点二，继续用论据进行说明。如果需要说明自己的观点，可接下来说明自己的观点。

任务：把以上范文改成五句话，不含开头段及署名。

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Homework：【写在作文本】

假设你是林明。你班最近就“大学生是否应该经济独立”的话题展开了讨论，大家发表了不同看法。  请你根据以下所给内容，写一封信给《21世纪英语》报高中生版反映讨论情况。讨论情况如下：

    1．35％的同学认为：通过打工可以获得工作经验，了解社会；同时还可以体会到父母挣钱的不易，避免乱花钱的不良习气。

    2．50％的同学认为：通过打工来付学费会影响自己的学习，自己可以通过好好学习来报答爹娘，回报社会。

    3．15％的同学(包括你在内)觉得双方的观点都有一定道理，但又不完全赞同，请简述你自己的看法。

    注意：1．文章开头结尾已经给出，不计入总分；

    2．用5句话表达所有内容(不包括起始句)；

    3．参考词汇：学费tuition fee   报答repay    经济独立financially independent

                            

Dear editor，

I am writing to tell you about a recent discussion we had on whether or not university students should be．．．

……

Thank you for reading my letter.
                                                                          
                                                                    Yours,                                                                              
                                                                     Lin Ming

范文:

We middle school students have had many tests or exams and have both achieved success and suffered from failure, but different students take different attitudes to  failure.

    Some fall in low spirits when they don’t do well in the exams, losing heart and no longer studying as hard as before. However, most students take an active attitude towards failure. By encouraging themselves to be self-confident, They find out and analyze the causes so that they will no longer make similar mistakes.  

In my opinion, failure is the mother of success, which can teach us a lot in the process of reaching our goals, and only by tasting failure can we enjoy the fruit of success.

Dear Editor,

    I'm writing to tell you about the discussion we've had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks(提出问题).

Opinions are divided on the question. 60％of the students are against the idea of entrance fee. They believe a public park should be free of charge, for people need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will not only  keep some people away but also do harm to the appearance of a city due to the gates and walls.

On the other hand, 40％ think that fees should be charged low because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees.

                                                                  Yours truly                                                                                                              

                                                                   Li Hua

Dear editor,

I am writing to tell you about a recent discussion we have had on whether or not university students should be financially independent.

    35% of my classmates think that university students doing part-time jobs will help one to gain working experience and learn more of society. Besides, when students find it hard for their parents to earn money, they won't form the habit of wasting their money.

    50% of the students hold the view that university students needn't be financially independent, because they can repay their parents and society by studying harder instead of trying to make money in their spare time so as to affect their studies.

    15% of my fellow students, myself included, partly agree with them.      

We think that as grown-ups, we shouldn't depend on our parents any more but if our parents can afford to pay the tuition fee for us, we should devote ourselves to our studies and try to do better.

Thank you for reading my letter.                                                                                                                                                                                        

Yours,

                                                                       Lin Ming

注意：基础写作应测试的能力

写作步骤：

1. 就所给写作内容进行信息整理，按写作的逻辑顺序用汉语写出5个句子，做到不漏要点，逻辑通顺，上下文连贯。

2. 考虑写作时的要点词汇、短语和句子结构。

3. 连句成篇，注意用上恰当的连接词。

4. 检查修改。