新东方在线考研写作 天津新东方学校国内考试部 刘烁炀

考研作文总体介绍 小作文（应用文） 要求：100words，

满分10分，平均分5.5－6分， 考场建议时间：20分钟，

考场建议时间：40分钟； 目标得分：14分 A节应用文的评分侧重点 信息点的覆盖 内容的组织 语言的准确性 格式 语域的恰当

奖励分给分原则 书法笔迹

1. 大字vs小字笔的选择 奖励分给分原则 正确正规可读

1. 非正规标记：&, Vs, etc. 2. 简写的问题：WTO？

World Trade Organization (WTO) 3. ^_^ 4. 共200字！ 奖励分给分原则 标点的问题

1. 随意点 2. 逗号的问题 3. 句号的问题 4. 省略号 5. 顿号 6. 书名号 7. 惊叹号和问号

考试内容：投诉，建议，邀请，辞职，道歉，申请，推注：对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题做荐，求职，离职等内容， 目标得分：8分； 考研作文总体介绍 大作文 以图画题为主，

早年考过图表文章，提纲作文，背景作文以及开放式作文

要求：160－200字， 满分20分， 平均分11分，

调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现的关键词，但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分 B节作文的评分重点 内容的完整性 文章的组织连贯性 语法结构和词汇的多样性 语言的准确性

解读评分原则（以大作文为例） 奖励分 （3分）＋基准分（17分） 哪个更好提高呢?

奖励分给分原则 修改的问题

1. 尽量不修改 2. 反对对于内容的修改 3. 正确的修改方法 4. 修正液 基准分的考察范围 内容 形式 语言

一 内容

1. 相关即可，自圆其说 13个万能理由

经济，效率，交流，他人，安全，方便，环境，健康，情感，性格，经验，空间，耐久

你认为是住在城市里面好还是乡下好？

住在城里的好处？

安全、健康、交流、情感、经济、效率、环境、方便 住在乡下的好处？

经济、安全、环境、性格、空间、耐久、交流、方便

在你家附近建一个超市，你是否同意？

同意？

经济、效率、交流、他人、方便、环境、情感、 不同意？

安全、健康、环境、方便、空间、经济

养宠物的利与弊？

养宠物的好处？

交流、安全、健康、经济、性格、情感、耐久 养宠物的坏处？

经济、安全、交流、他人、方便、环境、健康 课后练习 A 堵车的好处

B 举办奥运会的坏处

避免跑题例：温室的花朵经不起风雨

内容趋同最保险 19xx年托福考试真题：

20世纪即将过去，21世纪马上到来，在你看来，20世纪最著名的发明事什么？为什么？它将对21世纪带来怎样的影响？

万能话题的选择——一例多用 环保话题：

1. 在你家周围建一个工厂，你是否同意？ 2. 你认为科学家对人类的贡献大还是艺术家对人

类的贡献大？

3. 你的职业梦想是什么？

4. 如果让你发明一样机器，你会选择什么？

二

形式比较重要

分段

段落安排合理

三 语言最重要

1. 谚语和典故 2. 修辞 3. 准确和地道 4. 复杂的句式 5. 多变的用词 1 谚语和典故

Just as an old Chinese proverb says, … Just as an old English proverb says, …

Just as an old Arab proverb says, … 谚语和典故 日常积累 谚语是可以编的

具体的问题抽象化，抽象的问题具体化 （1）具体的问题抽象化 白猫黑猫，抓住耗子就是好猫 ——结果最重要 Ends justify means.

（2）抽象的问题具体化： 劳逸结合

——要懂得休息和休闲

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 男大当婚，女大当嫁 ——结婚是正常的行为 Each Jack has his Jill. 总结

不要直白的表达自己的目的； Jack 和Jill在谚语中经常出现 否定常出现

练习：人是铁，饭是钢，一顿不吃饿的慌。 No longer can Jack live without grain. 2 修辞 a busy bee the blue sky the black coffee a evil devil a pure angel

deep ocean as busy as a bee as blue as sky as black as coffee as evil as a devil as pure as an angel as deep as ocean 3 语言的准确和地道 少写多改

翻译新概念第二册后三十篇文章，与原文进行对照，找出自己的不足 4 复杂的句式

1. 简单句变复杂的方法 2. 五大经典句型 （1）简单句变复杂的方法

1. 形容词和副词 2. 同位语作插入语 3. 介词结构作修饰 4. 非限定性定语从句

5. 非谓语动词 作课，比阅读还要无聊的课，which left us a deep a 形容词和副词 impression.

老刘讲课。 e 非谓语动词

黑黑胖胖的，穿着短袖衬衣的老刘激情四射地讲一节无我是一名教师。我讲课。

比无聊的考研写作课。 I am a teacher. I give classes.

b 同位语作插入语 I am a teacher and I give classes.

什么是同位语？ Because I am a teacher, I give classes. 位置相同的语言叫作“同位语” I am a teacher, so I give classes. 黑黑胖胖的，穿着短袖衬衣的老刘，一个二十六岁的男Being a teacher, I give classes.

人，激情四射地讲一节无比无聊的考研写作课，比阅读

还要无聊的课。 I, being a teacher, give classes.

所有名词后面可加同位语 e 非谓语动词

c 介词结构作修饰 我不是一名教师，但是我讲课。

在一个艳阳高照的秋日的午后，在刚刚建好的天津新东I, not being a teacher, give classes. 方的教室里，黑黑胖胖的，穿着短袖衬衣的老刘，一个我过去是个学生，但是现在我讲课。 二十六岁的男人，激情四射地讲一节无比无聊的考研写

作课，比阅读还要无聊的课。 am －－》being

d 非限定性定语从句 was －－》having been

在一个艳阳高照的秋日的午后，在刚刚建好的天津新东I, having been a student, give classes. 方的教室里，黑黑胖胖的，穿着短袖衬衣的老刘，一个我过去不是学生，但是现在我讲课。 二十六岁的男人，激情四射地讲一节无比无聊的考研写I, not having been a student, give classes. 汝非鱼，安知鱼之乐乎？ e 非谓语动词 你自己不是鱼。 You are not a fish yourself. 你怎么能知道鱼的欢乐呢？ How can you know the happiness of a fish？ How can you, not being a fish yourself, know the happiness of a fish? 我们自己不是老年人，我们怎么能知道老年人的痛苦呢？ e 非谓语动词 当前后两个句子的主语相同的时候，可以去掉一个主语，将句号改为逗号，并将其中一个动词变为ing,或者having done得形式,being 除表进行时往往可被省略。 如果主语不同呢？ 今天很热。我在家呆着了。 It is hot today. I stay at home. It being hot today, I stay at home. e 非谓语动词

am －－》being was －－》having been 问题如此严重，我们必须马上解决这个问题。 When in Rome, do as Romans do.

The situation being so serious, it is high time that When in Rome, you do as Romans do. ( 祈使句的do－－》doing we took effective measures to …… did－－》having done b 虚拟语气

(2) 五大经典句型 2. It is important/ necessary/ urgent +that

+(should)+do

倒装 我们必须制订（work out）一些法律法规（laws and 虚拟语气

regulations）来解决这个问题。

as引导的状语从句 It is imperative that laws and regulations should 状语从句的省略问题 be worked out to …… rather than vs other than b 虚拟语气

a 倒装

3. 条件从句引导的虚拟语气 介词地点状语提前，后接系表倒装

c as引导的状语从句

In the sunshine, stands a young tree.(注意主谓一致) 让步状语从句：

否定副词提前，部分倒装。 Although she is a girl, she sings like a man. Hardly can I do it. Girl as she is, she sings like a man. 虚拟语气的省略倒装（略） 尽管漫画很简单，但是其寓意却非常深刻。

b 虚拟语气

Simple as the picture is, the meaning behind it is as deep as ocean. 1. It is high time ＋that ＋主语＋did（是做某件

事情非常紧急和迫切的时刻了。）

d 状语从句的省略问题

省略)

When you are（状语从句的省略） in Rome, you do as Romans do.

规略：当从句和主句的主语相同，而从句中的动词为系动词的时候，从句中的主语和系动词可以被省略 d 状语从句的省略问题

6岁的时候，我老爸开始给我讲英文。

When at the age of 6, my father began to teach me English. 怎么改?

When I was at age of 6, my father began to teach me English.

When at the age of 6, I was taught English by my father.

e rather than vs other than rather than：而不是（万能插入语） I am the best teacher.

I, rather than anyone else, am, rather than was, the best teacher, rather than the worst one.

e other than:除了

表达陌生的词汇 I, other than anyone else, am the best teacher. 5.2 简单词复杂化的方法 No one, other than I, is the best teacher. (4) so called +n. 所谓的 中国正在面临非常严重的。。。问题。 5.3 五大恶心词汇

5

词汇的多样性 1. important

1. 词汇量的概念 significant, necessary, essential, urgent

2. 简单词复杂化的方法 2. very

3. 五大恶心词汇 of great importance, significantly important 4. 词汇的替换方法 替换very的方法：将adj. 的同义词 变为adv. 即相当5.1 词汇量的概念

于very

拼写稍微复杂的单词，放弃初中词汇 5.3 五大恶心词汇

5.2 简单词复杂化的方法 3. Different

(1) of +n.=adj. various, a variety of, vary from person to person 5.2 简单词复杂化的方法

People’s opinions are various. (2) the poor, the beautiful, the old People have a variety of opinions.

5.2 简单词复杂化的方法 People’s opinions vary from person to person.

(3) n.+and its like

4. Think 。。。和他的同类（作为从一个到多个的推广方法，议5. thing 论文常用）

5.4 词汇的有效替换

上下义词的概念 同义词和反义词 代词

文章的连贯性问题 并列

as well as, and…as well, not only… but also… 转折转折副词(不能连接两个句子): however, instead, unfortunately, fortunately, in fact, on the contrary 转折连词:while, but… 文章的连贯性问题 递进连词

first, second, third

To begin with, Besides, Last but not least On one hand, on the other, In addition 文章的连贯性问题 因果关系

副词: consequently, hence, thus, consequently, therefore, thereby, as a consequence 介词:owing to, thanks to, due to,

连词:so, and consequently 文章的连贯性问题 万能关联词

in other word, that is to say, as a matter of fact 范文分析

98.1母鸡下蛋，虚假承诺

Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1 write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon此提纲应分为两段写作） 2 give your comments

描述图画＋阐释寓意＋给出评论（解决方法） 范文分析

The past several years have witnessed a

Odds and funny as they sound, such false Here is an interesting cartoon: With her head held high, maybe singing, a hen stands proudly in the cartoon of the picture with a notice in hand. It says: “Firstly, I promise that the eggs I lay are absolutely round without any square corners. Secondly, they all have shells and cores.” It’s so

promises can be seen and heard everywhere in our country. Administration departments assure to perform their tasks effectively and fairly without taking any bribes; manufacturing units guarantee to turn out products of good quality;

commercial enterprises swear to provide genuine ridiculous that we can’t help laughing. But after commodities and polite and enthusiastic services. that there must be something left. Can you find anything new and substantial other than their obligations, duties and jobs in these so called promises? I guess your answer will be negative. As a matter of fact, their intention to

范文分析

Recently, many promises have come up in many walks of life, especially the service departments.

make such commitments is nothing but to put on They promise you that they will provide you with civilized outer clothing to please or deceive the warm smile service and good products. At first public. 范文分析

I dare say that your society is suffering

you are moved nearly to thank them. But if you think twice, you may wonder if those should be their duties. It goes without saying that factories should produce goods of quality, department stores should serve customers politely, buses should arrive on time, and so forth, because all of these are their responsibilities. But why should may be that they want to correct their past mistakes under the planned economic system. Another is that they intend to improve their images and please the customers. 范文分析

corruption and cheat which are causing damage to society both materially and morally. But the hen and her like should know that by dishonest

phenomenon that a variety of promises have been arising from all walks of life . Regrettably, the hen in the given cartoon commits herself to corners and have shells, egg whites and yolks. 范文分析

words no one can survive the intense competition they promise what are their due jobs? One reason remember the old saying, “Honesty is the best

quite a lot of promises are sheer nonsense, just as under market economy system. They should lay eggs which are round without any angles and policy”.

范文分析

In my opinion, trying to be better is worth welcoming, but making empty promises is unacceptable. If factories, stores and

administrations do their jobs well rather than talk reasons, but the mentioned above is commonly accepted. 范文分析

4. 用词有效替换 5. 语法错误较少 6. 我们的目标？ nonsense, our society will be more prosperous. 范文分析

As is shown in the cartoon, the hen made two pieces of promises. On the one hand, she said that her eggs would be sure to be round. On the other hand, she could ensure that her eggs must have egg crust, egg white and egg yellow. According to the words given in the picture, we know that making promises is very popular among different departments and organizations. But it’s clear that what they promise is nothing but their obligations or duties. This phenomenon is not a good thing to our society. 范文分析

There are at least two main reasons, I think, for this phenomenon. In the first place, some enterprises want to pursuit fashion, but have not true promise to make, so they promised what they didn’t need to say. Secondly, it is a normal phenomenon in the process of reform and open door to the world. Maybe there are some other

As far as I am concerned, I believe that this phenomenon is not a good thing, but with the reform and open door policy being carried out, and with the development of our national economy, these problems will be solved step by step. I am sure my opinion is sound and well-grounded. 范文分析

这个问题迟早会得到解决(消失).

It will only be a matter of time before the problem becomes things of the past. 万能句式结尾

请注意在时间状语从句中的时态问题”主将从现” 范文分析 总结

1. 段落安排合理 2. 聪明的学生举例子 3. 句式复杂多样

考研写作题型深度剖析

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) support your view with an example/examples. 考研写作题型深度剖析 05.1 养老足球赛

Write an essay of 160-200words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it. 描述图画＋阐释寓意＋给出评论 考研写作题型深度剖析 04.1 终点又是新起点：

Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1 describe the drawing; 2 interpret its meaning, and 3 support your view with examples.

描述图画＋阐释寓意＋举例论证（至少2个）

考研写作题型深度剖析

03.1 温室的花朵经不起风雨

Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should: 1 describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaning 2 point out its implications in our life

描述图画＋阐释寓意＋生活中的意义？

考研写作题型深度剖析

02.1美国女孩子穿中国传统服饰：

Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay entitled “cultures--national and

international”

In the essay you should 1 describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and（此提纲应分为两段写作） 2 give your comments on the phenomenon 负面话题 描述图画＋阐释寓意＋给出评论 1 describe the picture描述图画 考研写作题型深度剖析 2 interpret its symbolic meaning阐释寓意（举例01.1 爱心是一盏灯 子） 1 showing your understanding of the symbolic 3 give your comments给出评论（多为解决方法） meaning of the pictures below. 好的、中性话题 2 give a specific example, and 1 describe the picture描述图画 3 give your suggestion as to the best way to show interpret its symbolic meaning（不举例子） love 举例子 描述图画（阐释寓意）＋举例论证＋给出评论（suggestion） 描述图画段落 考研写作题型深度剖析 万能开头句 98.1母鸡下蛋，虚假承诺 描述图画 Study the following drawing carefully and write 总结 an essay in which you should: 万能开头句 1 write out the messages conveyed by the 目前，世界正在面临。。。的问题 cartoon此提纲应分为两段写作） One of the pressing problems facing our nation / 2 give your comments world today is …. 描述图画＋阐释寓意＋给出评论（解决方法） 人们慢慢认识到。。。 结论 There is a growing worldwide awareness of….

万能开头句

报纸上有一张图画引起人们广泛的关注。 There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper. Cartoon, photograph, drawing Magazine, journal 万能开头句

中国正在面临非常严重的(养老/环境/社会)问题 In no country other than China, it has been said, is the problem of more serious. 万能开头句

The past decade has witnessed a huge

development in economy owing to the reform some problems at the same time, with the following one being the foremost 描述图画

As is shown in the picture,…（后接完整单独句子描写图画）

Shown, depicted, drawn

Picture, cartoon, drawing, photograph Clearly, Vividly, ridiculously, interestingly… 描述图画

As is shown in the cartoon, in the darkness happily stands a candle. It spreads brightness

and open door policy being carried out, bringing around itself.

描述图画

As is shown in the cartoon, in the darkness happily stands a candle, spreading brightness around itself.

Just as an old Arab proverb says, love is just like love, being brighter in the darker places. Just as an old Arab proverb says, where there is love, there is hope. 描述图画

照片中央站着一位美丽的美国女孩, 她穿着传统的中国服饰, 佩戴着各种各样的饰物, 脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容. Stands ？？ ？？

在过去十年间，由于改革开放政策的执行，我国的经济开始真正描写图画: 有了巨大的发展，但同时带来了一些问题，而下面的问题是最严重的。

? 在……时间中发生了……事件 ? 由于…… ? 有了巨大的发展 ? 但同时带来了一些问题 ? 下面的问题是最严重的。

万能开头句

在图画中央有 , 它 , 周围有 可以使用倒装

主语与前文一致,可使用非限定性定语从句或者现在分词

介词作伴随结构 描述图画

如图所示，黑暗中有一盏小小的油灯，它向周围散发着？？ 光亮。

描述图画

As is vividly shown in the photo, in the sunshine 图画中央躺着一位老年人, stands a pretty American girl, (who is ) in Chinese traditional clothes, wearing necklace and its like, 蜷缩着像一个皮球, with a sweet smile on her face. 他被四个子女赶出门外;

描述图画

而四个子女各自把守着自己家的大门, 操场上有一个小伙子在跑步， 拒绝接纳老人. 向着终点冲刺。

Lies 然而，终点又被命名为起点。

Like

尽管他已经很累了（大汗淋漓），但是他还要乐观的继使用定语从句还是分词？ 续跑下去。

谁把守？

Runs

描述图画 Rushing to In the middle of the picture lies an old man. Be defined as He crouches like a football, who is rejected by his 尽管？？ sons and daughter.

描述图画

they are guarding their homes respectively and As is shown in the cartoon, on the playground refusing to take care of their father. runs a young man, rushing to the final, which is 描述图画

defined as another start one.

In the middle of the picture lies an old man, Tired as he is, he has to continue his journey crouching like a football, who is rejected by his optimistically. sons and daughter, who are guarding their 描述图画

homes respectively and refusing to take care of their father.

描述图画

如图所示，在椅子上有一个年轻人，希望理发师把自己的头发理成贝克汉姆的样子。

As is vividly drawn in the picture, in the chair sits a young man, having his hair cut as cool as David Beckham. 描述图画

温室里有一朵柔嫩的小花, 长的很茂盛, 而温室为它遮风挡雨.

当小花从温室中挪出来的时候，它无法抵抗风雨的侵蚀，

很快就枯萎了，任由它的花叶随风飘零。 Stands

Grow vigorously With 结构

When it is removed from the shelter, it cannot stand the brush of the rain. 枯萎？随风飘零？ 描述图画

in the green house stands a delicate flower, 意义阐释段落

growing vigorously, with the shelter protecting it from the brush of the storm.

描述图画中各部分的象征意义 When removed out of the protection, the flower 段落具体描述――展开段落 cannot stand the storm and quickly dies, with its 阐释原因(可能性较小) leaves falling in the wind. 描述图画中各部分的象征意义 总结

表示图画中本体与喻体的关系的短语 尽管图画很简单,但其寓意却是非常深奥的.

本体be revealed as喻体 Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning is as deep as ocean.

is referred to as

作者的真实目的不是图画本身，而是要引导我们去探求喻体 be associated with本体

在图画背后究竟隐藏着什么.(任选)

refer to, stand for, indicate, epitomize The author’s real purpose is not the fact itself, 请注意单复数的使用 but to lead us to find what hides behind the ice burg.

描述图画中各部分的象征意义 第一段注意事项 小花象征着孩子们 万能开头

孩子被父母过分保护 如图所示，非谓语动词，with伴随结构 父母被比作温室 总结 温室抵抗风雨

注意用词替换

风雨象征着现实中的竞争 一副图尽量用一个句子表示。

Be associated with Over-protected

Be revealed as the greenhouse epitomize

描述图画中各部分的象征意义

Symbolically, the delicate flower is naturally associated with the youth,

Who are overprotected by their parents, Who are revealed as the greenhouse, It protects them from brush of storms,

Which epitomizes the fierce competition in the real world.

描述图画中各部分的象征意义

Symbolically, the delicate flower is naturally associated with the youth, overprotected by their parents, revealed as the greenhouse, protecting them from brush of storms, which epitomizes the intense competition in the real world. 拓展段落的方法(一)

科学论据法:根据一项调查表明…… 举例子 虚拟语气 科学论据法

根据一项调查表明…… According to a survey

According to one of the latest survey conducted by a certain international organization,… 科学论据法

列举数字后,后面需要一个定语从句来补充说明 每年，法国巴黎市民花费在养狗上的费用价值$1，000，000美元， 可以够日本人吃一年的！ 钱

被花在宠物上的钱

Money spent on pets annually 科学论据法

列举数字后,后面需要一个定语从句来补充说明 According to one of the latest survey, money spent on pets in the city of Paris is as much as the world for a whole year. 举例子 例子的选择方法 普遍的例子

将个别例子变为普遍例子的方法 Suppose there is a family For example, for instance 举例子—引出例子的方法

我们人类历史上与这个话题相关的例子有很多，下面这个是最有说服力的。

Our human history has been filled with a variety of examples of …, with the following one being the foremost.

With的伴随结构中非谓语动词 举例子—引出例子的方法

如果没有改革开放政策,我们可能根本吃不到麦当劳或者肯德鸡.

如果没有希望工程，那些孩子将永远接受不到宝贵的知识。

如果情况继续恶化下去,我们将付出更加昂贵的代价。 虚拟语气 好的情况

假设如果没有，那么。。。

If there were no such policy, we would never taste KFC. 坏的情况

在我所听到的，看到的，经历过的所有和这个话题相关如果继续下去，那么我们将付出昂贵的代价。 的例子之中，最有说服力的是……

Among all the touching facts relating to … that I have heard, noticed, and experienced, the most impressive one is …

If the situation were to continue, we would pay a high price. 虚拟语气--省略倒装

Were there no opening policy, we would never taste Macdonalds at all.

Were the situation to continue, we would pay a high price.

综合训练：关于”爱心是一盏灯”的例子 希望工程

$1,000,000,000, which can feed all the Japanese in 举例子—引出例子的方法

除了这个例子，我找不到更有说服力的了。 I can think of no better examples other than … 虚拟语气

义务献血 照顾老人 照顾伤残人 希望工程

They are so poor that they cannot support their children’s education.

Being so poor that they cannot support their children’s education.

$1,000,000,000, which can help 3 million children finish their primary school.

如果没有这些帮助，那么这些孩子将永远无法得到宝贵的知识，永远生活在黑暗之中。

In the west of China exist some families, being so Were there no such precious help, those children

would never taste the knowledge and live in the darkness forever.

我们人类历史上与爱心相关的例子有很多，希望工程是poor that they cannot support their children’s

education. 最有说服力的。

在中国西部有一些家庭，他们是如此的贫困以至于无法In the west of China exist some families, being so Were there no such precious help, never would poor that hardly can they support their those children taste the knowledge and live in the 资助孩子上学。

尽管他们很可怜，但是来自各个行业的人们向他们伸出了援助之手，这就是所谓的希望工程。 根据一项调查，每年希望工程所募集的资金价值￥。。。，这些钱可以。。。

children’s education.

darkness forever.

尽管他们很可怜，但是来自各个行业的人们向他们伸出其他话题呢？ 了援助之手，这就是所谓的希望工程。 尽管？

义务鲜血 照顾老人 照顾伤残人 个人评价段落 写什么？

讨论的对象是什么？ 怎么写？ 好的现象

取其菁华，祛其糟粕。

Absorb the essence and neglect the drawbacks.

如果没有这些帮助，那么这些孩子将永远无法得到宝贵各行各业？ 的知识，永远生活在黑暗之中。

我们人类历史上与爱心相关的例子有很多，希望工程是最有说服力的。

Our human history has been filled with a variety of examples of love, with the Hope Project being the foremost.

在中国西部有一些家庭，他们是如此的贫困以至于无法自助孩子上学。

In the west of China exist some families.

所谓的？

Pathetic as they are, people (who are) coming from all walks of life began to help them, which is so called Hope Project.

根据一项调查，每年希望工程所募集的资金价值￥。。。，这些钱可以。。。

According to the latest survey, money collected annually has reached as much as about

坏的现象？－－解决之。

情况如此危急，解决这个问题刻不容缓。 首先，我们必须制订一些法律和法规。 scene in which people can enjoy their life to the uttermost. 总结

Just as the old Arab proverb says, where there is sunshine, there is a shadow. 阐释寓意

第一段描述图画（废话式开头＋倒装描写图画＋总结） Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning is 第二，个人应该被教育。。。

伴随着一个恰当的法律和警觉的民众，这个问题迟早可第二段，指出图画的寓意 －－举例子（拓展段落的三以被解决。

个方法）

情况如此危急，解决这个问题刻不容缓。

第三段，发表评论。－－解决方法 （虚拟＋倒装） The situation being so serious, it is high time that

有阳光的地方就有阴影

we took effective measures to solve the problem. 题目分析 首先，我们必须制订一些法律和法规。

写什么？ On the one hand, it is essential that laws and 阳光？阴影？ regulations should be worked out. 段落安排？ 第二，个人应该被教育。。。

会不会跑题？ On the other, people should be educated to … 描述图画

伴随着一个恰当的法律和警觉的民众，这个问题迟早可以被解决。

There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper.

With a proper law and an alert public, it will only be a matter of time before the problem becomes As is shown above, in the sun shine stands a things of the past.

delicate tree, Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy growing vigorously,

atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal

leaving a long shadow behind itself.

as deep as ocean.

Our human history has been filled with a variety of examples about sunshine and its shadow, with the following one being the foremost. The past decade has witnessed a huge

development in economy owing to the sunshine－policies being carried out, bringing its shadow at the same time－the damage to the environment. 阐释寓意

According to a survey, money lost in environmental pollution has reached $1,000,000,000, which can …

Were the tendency to continue, we would pay a high price.

Were the tendency to continue, our future generation would not bother to think of excuse for us. 个人评价

解决问题 综合训练 描述图画

There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper.

As is shown above, on the thick pile of papers, proudly sits an old professor, seeming satisfied with his success, neglecting the demand of students. 阐释寓意

Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning is as deep as ocean.

The past decade has witnessed a huge

development in education owing to some policies being carried out, bringing some problems at the same time, with the above one being the foremost. 阐释寓意

According to a survey, the number of papers published in 2006 is 10 times as much as that of 1996,

with the students’ ability remaining still. Were the situation to continue, we would pay a high price.

个人评价－－解决这个问题 虚拟语气

学校制订法律法规去限制每年发表论文的数量； 老师们也应该被教育去花更大的精力在学生身上。 只有在一个……的环境下，学生才能尽情体会学习的乐趣。 个人评价

The situation being so serious, it is high time that we took effective measures to solve the problem. On the one hand, it is essential that rules should be worked out to limit the number of the paper published annually;

On the other, teachers should be educated to pay more attention to students.

Only in a prosperous, reasonable atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which students can enjoy their study to the uttermost. There has been…

As is shown above, on the playground runs a young man, rushing to the final of the full mark of major courses, such as …and so forth, neglecting the importance of morality and its like. Tired as he is, he has to continue his running as his parents’ wishes. Simple as…

What is the purpose of …? The author’s real purpose… The past decade has witnessed …

According to a survey, the average students’ ability on study has been significantly improved, with the psychological health being worsened. Nowadays, the college has been filled with a variety of examples of such things, with Majiajue being the foremost.

Were the situation to continue, we would pay a high price. 综合训练

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and then

3) support your view with an example/examples. experienced, the most impressive one is LiuXiang. 5. 预测趋势 describe the drawing briefly,

As the world sport star, he invariably imagines positively that he can win in every hurdle race, There has been a heated discussion about a never shrinking in front of other experienced picture in the newspaper. As is vividly depicted players. Had he been afraid of his rivals, never above, in front of the football stands an athlete, could he make any world record in the Olympic imagining the goal keeper is so giant that hardly Games. Just as the old Arab proverb says, our can he score the goal; on the contrary, the goal

final enemy is ourselves. Only in a strong mind

keeper minimizes himself and he cannot keep the believing in ourselves can we hope to witness the

net at all. Funny as the picture is, the symbolic ideal scene, in which we can conquer any meaning is as deep as oceans.

difficulties and enjoy the struggle to the explain its intended meaning, uttermost.

What is the intended meaning of the picture? The 社会热点问题

writer’s real purpose is not the fact itself, but to 1. 介绍背景 lead us to discover what hides behind the iceberg. The past decade has witnessed a huge

2. 产生原因 development in society owing to the reform and 3. 造成危害 open door policy being carried out, bringing some problems at the same time, with the 4. 解决方法 youth’s lack of confidence being the foremost. 5. 预测趋势 According to the latest survey, over 60% youth get defeated when they meet any difficulty, which 段落的选择

leads great social concern.

1. 介绍背景 support your view with an example/examples. 2. 产生原因 Among all the touching facts relating to 3. 造成危害 confidence that I have heard, noticed, and

4. 解决方法

关于大学生就业问题 假冒伪劣商品问题 青少年吸烟问题 过渡捕捞问题

考研写作题型深度剖析

00.1 过度捕捞问题 Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should: 1 describe the pictures

2 deduce the purpose of the drawer of the pictures, and

3 suggest counter-measures

描述图画＋阐释寓意＋给出评论（解决方法） The past century has witnessed a sharp decrease in the amount and species of fish owing to over-fishing. Were the situation to continue, never would our future generation taste any fish. 97年考研题目

Studying the following set of graphs

Predict the tendency of cigarette and Give your reasons

结论

善于将提纲转化为准备好的内容

将题目读透

一 介绍背景

1. 漫画来介绍背景

2. 图表来介绍背景

2 图表给出的背景

图表类型介绍

柱状图: bar chart, 饼状图 pie chart, 线性图 line chart, 表格 statistics，table

所描述的图表可分为两大类型

静态图：pie chart

As is vividly shown in the graph,

the total … is divided into four parts.

A makes up 34%

51% stands for B

9% refers to C 6% is defined as D 看纵轴 静态图：pie chart 找到主要的变化 1. 尽可能少的罗列数字 看标题 2. over one third 当图画中的数字过多时,要找出应有变化规律 3. Nearly one tenth 避免句式重复 4. over a half private car is playing an increasingly important 5. The rest role in people’s means of transportation. 6. respectively private car is playing an increasingly important role in people’s means of transportation. 静态图：pie chart Percent living with parents (Canada) The total … is divided into four parts, with A, B, C and D making up % % % and % respectively. 如何找出相应的规律? 学会抓住主要矛盾 在图表中,存在几个变量,就有几个规律,即: The total … is divided into four parts, with A and B 男女对比,年龄变化,已婚未婚三个规律. making up % totally. 补充一些表示变化的词语 总结:尽管图中的数字看起来是孤立存在的,但事实上他上升: surge, climb to, rise, skyrocket, jump to, a 们是紧密相连的. steady rise, a steep increase Isolated as the figures seem to be, as a matter of 下降: plunge, decline, drop, fall, descend fact, they are connected to one another closely. 程度: sharp, drastic, dramatic, intensive, 2 动态图,以柱状图为例 remarkable, sustained, temporary 看横轴 比较状语从句的写作方法

As much as 句式

汽车的速度是自行车速度的10倍。

A car runs 10 times as fast as a bike runs.

A car runs 10 times as fast as a bike does.

A car runs 10 times as fast as does a bike. 抽象动词与实意动词的替换

比较状语从句的倒装

比较状语从句的写作方法

more than句式

中国的人口比日本人口多。

The population of China is bigger than the population of Japan.

The population of China is bigger than that of Japan.

比较状语从句的写作方法

(2) 倍数关系

中国的人口比日本多三倍。

The population of China is three times larger than that of Japan

赵薇的眼睛比林忆莲大N倍。 Zhaowei’s eyes are N times larger than 二 阐释原因 Linyilian’s eyes. 很明显，有很多复杂的原因导致这个现象的发生，而下Zhaowei’s eyes are N times larger than that of 面的是最有代表性的。 Linyilian. Obviously, a variety of complicated factors Zhaowei’s eyes are N times larger than those of contribute to the phenomenon, with the following Linyilian. one being the foremost. 补充练习 除了下面的原因，没有更好的了。 According to the graph, the rise and fall of the I can think of no better reasons for the rate of car accidents in Walton City varies with the phenomenon other than the following two. seasons. From January to March last year it increased by 68%, from March to June it dropped 为这样一个复杂的现象给出原因不是一个简单的事情。 by about half the previous rate; and from June to It is no simple job to induce reasons for this August there was a steep rise of 66.6%. After that, complicated phenomenon. however, there was a steady decrease, and this makes us optimistic that car accidents are 大学生目前就业困难的原因 declining in Walton City 扩招？ A boom in the number of MA candidates 学生水平下降？ A boom in the number of MA candidates 用人单位标准提高？ In recent years, the number of the candidates for 学生的期望过高 the MA degree has increased drastically. According to a survey, the number in 1998 has 一些学生专业的问题 reached 260,000, which is more than five times than that of 1995 when it was only 50,000 in all. 两个参考原因 Why do so many young people go on with their Some students are pursuing too high a goal when studies? they are seeking for jobs.

Some students are pursuing too high a goal when 工作不好找？

seeking for jobs. 不希望过早进入社会

Some majors the students study on campus do

not fit in with the demands of jobs. 想提高知识储备

拓展段落的方法(二) 周围人都考研

关键词展开法: 考研人数为什么大幅度增加？

将主题句中的关键词展开说明, Some undergraduates want to have a better job

after graduation. Since the jobs’ requirements

如too high a goal are more rigid than ever before, a master’s 推导法: degree holder will surely stand more chances to

get such a position.

推导带来何种结果 Other candidates, already with working 如专业不好的学生很难找到合适的工作 experience , are eager to update their knowledge Some students are pursuing too high a goal when to satisfy the demanding jobs.

seeking for jobs. 造成危害段落

They care about various factors such as salaries, Unfortunately, … has triggered a series of working conditions and so forth, negative effects, with … being the foremost. which narrows their choices. Quite regrettably, … has brought some Some majors the students study on campus do unforeseeable problems, with … being foremost. not fit in with the demands of jobs. 根据一项调查表明，…

Hardly can such students find favorable positions 如果这种问题继续下去，我们将付出昂贵的代价。 考研人数为什么大幅度增加？ 解决方法 略 预测趋势 Predict, anticipate, expect After considering all the information presented above, I, as most of others will do, safely draw the conclusion that … 否定转移的问题 后面接具体的原因 After all, it is an irreversible tendency. 综合训练 The Aging of Our Society 参考范文 From the table we can see that the number of senior citizens will increase from 132 million this year to 200 million in 2015, and then to 400 million in 2050. Accordingly, the percentage will rise from 10% to 14%, and then to 25%. According to the standard of the United Nations, a society is defined as old when the senior citizens over 60 reach 10% of the whole population.

Consequently this table shows that our society，following many western countries, is stepping into the era of the so-called “aging society”. 参考范文

The aging phenomenon will bring many elder generation being the foremost.

With more and more members entering a senior age, the percentage of people in the main working force falls abruptly, thus gradually preventing the traditional social welfare system from functioning properly and effectively. The transformation to a modern and more scientific system of social security, however, may take a relatively long period, bringing hope and pain at the same time. 参考范文

For the old people themselves, apart from the irreversible decaying of health, mental hazards may constitute a more formidable problem—loss of sense of security, identity and confidence may accelerate the aging process.

Last but not least, aging poses an even greater threat to our country than to the developed world because we are aging before we become rich.

参考范文

To battle the potential negative effects, several necessary steps should be taken: the chief task lies in taking care of the old people and helping them take care of themselves.

介绍背景

三幅图的顺序安排？

报纸上有一组图表引起了人们的广泛关注。

过去十年间，本科生和研究生的数量显著的增长，带来了巨大的就业压力。

unfavorable consequences, with health care of the All the members in the society should join their

hands in creating a favorable environment for the 根据一项调查表明，只有65％的大学生能找到工作 old people.

其中，专业分配是…

The old people themselves should never stop

这些数字看起来是孤立存在的，而事实上，他们是紧密

pursuing whatever they view as important in life

相联的。

since “It is not the years in your life, but the life in your years that counts”.

Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy

介绍背景

There has been a heated discussion about a set of

society can we hope to witness the ideal scene in graphs in the newspaper. which old people can enjoy their twilight to the

According to the graphs, the past decade has uttermost.

witnessed a huge increase of the number of undergraduate as well as graduate students owing to the expanding enrollment policy being carried out, bringing some problems at the same time, with hunting for jobs being the foremost. 介绍背景

According to a survey, only two thirds of the students can find their jobs after graduation, with most of them concentrating on computer, finance and management areas.

综合训练 如何构思？

主题是什么？讨论的问题是什么？ 如何安排段落？ 介绍背景 产生原因 解决方法

Isolated as the figures seem to exist, as a matter of fact, they are connected with one another closely. 产生原因

I can find no better reasons for the phenomenon other than the following two.

On the one hand, students are facing an ever intensive competition owing to the expanding scale of enrollment.

On the other, some majors the students study on

campus do not fit in with the demand of the jobs. Hardly can such students find favorable jobs. 解决方法

It is high time that we took effective measures to solve the problem.

For one thing, it is essential that proper policies be worked out to promote students’ employment.

On the other, students should be educated to broaden their range of knowledge.

Only in a sensible, healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which students can enjoy their life to the uttermost.

社会话题文章的总结 描述背景：图画、图表 阐释原因 造成危害 解决方法 预测趋势 应用文

应用文的考试由来

应用文的判分重点 应用文的考察范围 应用文的格式 应用文的六句口诀 应用文的分类讲解

应用文的其他注意事项 应用文的考试由来 雅思考试的动态 应用文的评分侧重点 信息点的覆盖

内容的组织

语言的准确性 格式 语域的恰当

注：对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题做调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现的关键词，但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分 应用文的考察范围 投诉信 建议信 申请信 求职信 辞职信 求学信 求助信 感谢信 号召信 邀请信 道歉信 合同

摘要 简历 备忘录 寻物启事 招领启事 备忘录 From: To : CC ： Subject: Key words: Date: 正文

考试几率分析 合同 简历 摘要 求职信

应用文的格式 ..\My Documents\教材讲义\应用文的格式.doc You live in a room in college which you share 注意几个方面: with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always 署名一律LIMING has friends visiting. He/she has parties in the 不要忘记Your Sincerely或者Yours room and sometimes borrows your things without asking you. 开头Dear Sir/Madam, Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at 信封不予考虑 the college and ask for a new room next term. You would prefer a single room. Explain your 应用文的六句口诀 reasons. 1 开门见山说意图， 写作策略（在未给出提纲前提下） 2 信息要点覆盖到， 首段：说明与收信人的相关性，表明写作意图并且在尽3 举一反三讲细节， 可能的情况下做到客观礼貌给读信人留下好的印象，并且始终牢记读信人未必就是错误的责任人，他的合作对4 语言正式词多变， 问题的解决至关重要。 5 感谢客气不能少， 主题段落：写明投诉的原因，要展开说明，可以说具体6 期待回信成老套。 的理由也可以说问题的具体体现方式。 注意：首段表明写作目的，中间段扩展内容，注意读信结尾段：提出解决方案，不需要展开但要公平、公正。人的感受，末段表明礼貌，并说出自己的期望。 此段应体现书信的礼貌原则，应当有类似“如你能···，我将万分感激”的话语，这也是投诉信最能体现礼貌原应用文的分类讲解 则的地方。 投诉信 投诉信的开头常用句式和套话 投诉信又可称为抱怨信，其主要目的是表达写信人对于I am writing to complain about/that… 某一情况的不满。 I am writing to make a complaint about…

I an writing to express my concern/ dissatisfaction/ disappointment about… I feel bad/sorry to trouble you but I am afraid I I am writing to inform you that I wish to own, where I will be free from such

distractions. Therefore, I would be grateful if move into a new

room next term. I would prefer a single room, as I have to make a complaint about… I am most reluctant to complain, but… I am writhing to advise you that I find…unsatisfactory.

I wish to draw your attention to the problem/fault…that I bought… 投诉信的结尾常用句式和套话

I trust you will take my complains seriously and… I will appreciate it very much if you could… I would be perfectly satisfied if you can kindly…

I understand you will give immediate attention to this matter.

I would like to have this matter settled by the end of…

I would be grateful if you could… I would appreciate it if you could… 范文解析

Dear Sir or Madam:

find the

present sharing arrangement inconvenient.

I must explain that the reason for my

dissatisfaction is my

roommate’s inconsiderate behavior. For one thing, his friends

are constantly visiting him; for another, he regularly holds

noisy parties. In addition, he sometimes borrows my things

without asking me. In these circumstances, I find

it difficult to concentrate on my studies, and I am falling

behind in my assignments. 范文解析

I am sure you will agree that the only solution is for me to move into a room of my

you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible. Yours sincerely, Janice Kennedy 道歉信

道歉信的目的是向收信人表明歉意，请求对方对自己的某种过失表示谅解。 写作策略：

首段：表明写作意图，对某事表示歉意。

主体段落：说明道歉的具体原因，应展开。在主体段落中，写信人应当在申述理由时照顾读信人的感受，切忌强词夺理。

结尾段：再次表明歉意，请求收信人的谅解。在结尾段还可以建议对自己的过失采取何种补救措施。 道歉信中开头常用句式和套话

I am writing this letter to express my regret… I am writing to apologize for…

I would like to give you my apology for… I am very sorry to say that…

I must apologize about (not) doing sth… Please accept my sincere apology for… I am writing to say sorry for…

I am terribly sorry, but…

道歉信中结尾段常用句式和套话

Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused.

Please allow me to say sorry again.

Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.

I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies.

I want to let you know how regretful I am feeling now.

I am sorry that I can’t…and trust that you will be able to understand.

例题分析

假设你是一个学校的学生,将图书馆中的一本书弄坏了,请给图书管理员写一封信,说明问题并请求原谅. 题目分析： 宿舍着火了 第一段 被偷了 第二段 要注意读信人的感受 第三段 I have always been cherishing the 第一段 book as treasures. However, I have a cat accompany with me, who often jumps up and 表明写作目的（你是谁，给谁写，关于什么？） down to please me while I am reading. Yesterday, Dear Sir or Madam: it happened to knock over the cup and out spoiled the coffee. Unfortunately, four pages of I am writing here formally to apologize for the book were stained. the damage done to the book, borrowed last week and due to be returned next week. 第三段－－解决方法 第二段 As the only friend and roommate in the house, I cannot punish her but myself. 写什么？ I have contacted the publishing house to order a 书的破坏程度or 书被损坏的过程 new one. 怎么搞坏的？ If not possible, I am ready for any reasonable penalty. 借给同学，同学弄坏的 Sorry for any inconvenience I have caused. 水洒了 Sincerely yours, 太投入，把书撕了 LiMing 太投入，在书上做了标记 辞职信 淋雨了 Directions:

Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology. 找到更好的工作 待遇太低 周围同事太烂 领导傻× Please accept my sincere apologies for any inconveniences my leaving may incur. 优秀范文赏析

You’ve just been offered a job, but you will not be able to start work on the appointed day. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address.(10 points) 如何构思？

第一段：表明写作目的 第二段：？？ 第二段：表明辞职原因 第三段：？？ 第三段：再次表明歉意 结论：辞职信是道歉信的变体 辞职的原因？ 继续求学－－考研 要出国

觉得自己力不从心

企业文化不好 距离太远 父母需要照顾 搬家 女友需要照顾 Dear Mr. Wang,

I am much grateful to be employed by you two months ago as an editor for your magazine

Designs & Fashions. I appreciate the opportunity

of having worked here with you and other

colleagues. The experiences will be unforgettable throughout my life. However, as a young man whose primary interest is in computer science rather than fashion designing, I find my present job doesn’t fall in with my previous training and strength. I therefore decide to quit this job for something else that conforms to my former preparation.

Write a letter to your boss explaining the problem and asking for an alternative day to start work. Dear Sir or Madam:

I have applied for a position under your

supervision and have been offered one a couple of weeks ago and due to start my work next week. However, I am writing here formally to request a delay of my start working day.

The reason for changing my working plan

is about my wife, who is going to give birth of my first child next week in my hometown. My wife

and I are both nervous and somewhat excited for this big event. As a husband and will-be-father, I think, I must go back and stay with my wife and wait for my first child coming to the world. I can not stand the worry and anxiety caused by the whole matter, so I have to decide to change my working schedule.

I am sorry for any inconveniences I have Besides, please pay more attention to the order at 求职信开头段常用句式和套话 the reading room. So many disturbances such as talking aloud, mobile phone rings and the like make us difficult to concentrate on study. Under these circumstances, I find that I am falling behind on my studies.

It will be grateful if you could take my suggestions seriously. I am looking forward to your early reply. Your sincerely, Li Ming 求职信

求职信是写信人就某一职位向收信人提出请求。考试

I am writing in response to your advertisement in China Daily of June 8…

I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in Beijing Youth Thursday… Your advertised position of general manager assistant interests me… 求职信开头段常用句式和套话

I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a waitress… I would like to apply for the vacancy of… I am writing this letter to recommend myself as a

caused by this change in plan and I promise to start my work three weeks later. I do appreciate your kind consideration you have shown to me. 建议信——07年考研真题 51. Directions:

Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points) Dear Sir or Madam:

I, as a senior student of the university, am

中，考生在写求职信时应当在注意礼貌的同时，注意信qualified candidate for the job of senior 息的可信度。尤其是在强调自身经历和优点的时候，更accountant you have advertised in… 应把握尺度。 写作策略

首段：说明写作意图。介绍自己是谁，为什么写信，从

I write this letter to submit my application for… 求职信结尾段常用句式和套话

I have enclosed my resume that outline in detail my qualifications and experience.

Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful.

Any favorable consideration of my application will be highly appreciated.

writing here to provide some advice to improve the service in the library.

I can find no better suggestions other than 何处得知消息（对公司评估广告效应非常重要）。

主体段落：介绍相关工作经历及本人个性，以表明你可以胜任这个职位。

尾段落：表示感谢和期待。因为求职信是在请求别人考虑你的申请，考虑给你机会，所以礼貌语气是必要的，也是重要的。

the following two. To begin with, why not provide heater during winter time? It is always so cold in the library that many students catch cold when studying there.

Thank you for considering my application and I am looking forward to meeting you. If you need to know more about me, please contact me at… 例题分析

You see an advertisement in the local

newspaper that a restaurant wants someone to be a part-time waiter or waitress in the evening. Write a letter to the manager, in your letter, you should write why you are writing, why you are suitable for the job and why you need the job.

范文分析－－写信目的 Dear Mr. Moore:

I am writing here to express my interest

I was hard working and diligent, I was soon promoted as an executive manager. Two years later, I started my own restaurant and I also served as a waiter. Small as it was, it had been one of the most popular restaurants until I decided to sell it out for immigration to England. 范文分析－－你为何需要这个岗位？

My dream in England is to open a Chinese restaurant here and I have to get to know about the culture of eating habit. Such a job, no doubt, can provide me the very information I need. And also, I think, my past experience can of course help myself to be a competitive waiter.

Thank you for your consideration of my

主体段落：说明推荐原因，介绍被推荐者的工作经历或个性特点，应当突出与写信人的相关性。 结尾段：表示感谢和期待。 推荐信注意事项 客观公正原则 准确实事求是原则 有缺点并存原则

善意的缺点：perfectism… 言之有理，言之有据

推荐信开头常用的句式和套话 1) 2)

I am writing to you to recommend… I would like to present…for your

application. Please contact me if necessary through the number 123-4567, (available 24 hours)..

Yours

about your position advertised in the local newspaper and I am confident to introduce myself to you as a candidate as a waiter. 范文分析－－你为什么适合这个岗位

I think I am the most suitable person for the position. I have been a restaurant-related person in the past five years. When I was a college student, I had once had a part-time job as a

consideration in your search for qualified manager. 3)

With reference to your requirements, I

sincerely,

推荐信 －－ 推荐信是向收信人推荐第三人做某件事情。 写作策略：

shall, without reservation, recommend…as an ideal candidate. 推荐信经典开头

To whom it may concern,

首段：表明写作意图。包括向收件人简要介绍自己的背 This is Prof. ×× from ×× University. %% has

waiter in Macdonald in local neighborhood. Since

asked me for a recommendation letter to support 景，自己与被推荐人的关系，推荐他/她做什么。

him to enter your distinguished university. As his Intelligent advisor, I feel honored to satisfy his request. Ingenious 推荐信结尾常用的句式和套话 Talent 1)

Therefore, I don’t hesitate to

recommend…as the right person for your Gifted

consideration. Have insightful opinions 2) I would like to lend my support to…for

勤奋 his… Diligent

3) I am willing to stand by Mr./Ms…for… Industrious 4)

Any favorable consideration to this letter would be considered a personal favor. Hardworking 5) I would like to thank you for your

如何夸奖一个人？ attention to this letter and restate my support to

性格 Mr.… Humorous

6)

Before concluding the letter, I would again apply myself to convincing you that… Amiable 推荐信经典结尾

Sociable I am ready to provide any further information Enthusiastic upon your request.

Ready for help Please do not hesitate to contact me if necessary. Cooperative 如何夸奖一个人？ Team spirit 聪明？

leadership

其他类别信件 邀请信 感谢信 寻物启事 招领启事

After leaving your home, turn left first and walk along the street until you meet the second cross. Turn right there and about three hundred meters’ walk will take you to my home.

写作常见错误分析 严重错误 非严重错误 严重错误1

一个句子在没有连词存在的情况下，有且只有一个谓语动词（插入语除外，先行词作宾语的定语从句除外） He, I believe, came from Africa. She is the kind of girl (that) I love. 严重错误2

That 一定要在定语从句中充当名词成分，what一定要在名词性从句中充当名词成分。

Many students enter the university without any

idea of that they are going to do after graduation. 介词问题 7 Though the internet has man benefits, but it also has some drawbacks. 严重错误3

时态不一致

描述漫画：一般现在时，现在完成时

描述已经发生的现象，一般过去时，过去完成时

一般过去时表示与现在相反的状态

China was a great country.

I loved you.

严重错误4

词性错误

主谓不一致（尤其是主语与谓语动词间有插入成分时）

I, the son of an ordinary family, is a boy.

单复数不一致

They are boy.

性别不一致。

She, whose father is a doctor, is my brother.

非严重性错误1

冠词问题 非谓语动词问题 复杂从句错误 8 In the past, the price of milk was so expensive that few people could afford it. 代词指代不明 9 I forgot my watch at home. 语义重复 10 Smoking is harmful to your body. 中文式英语 改错练习 改错练习 11 The true fact is he never offers help to others. 1 The invention of computers makes people live more comfortable and convenient. 12 There are many people plan to study abroad. 2 Many traffic accidents occurred is the result of 13 Keep pets are very popular among people live careless. in big city. 3 Last night was too cold. 14 The society should pay more attention to the problems of education, poverty and disease, 4 By comparison, nuclear energy has some however, they seldom do so. distinctive advantages, such as it is very clean and cheap. 15 Today is hot, I stay home. 5 Some people claim that fast food will instead of 改错练习 tradition food. 16 When talking to the interviewer, my heart was 改错练习 beating very fast. 6 Despite he is very diligent at study, he still 17 Comparing with the performance of Linda, cannot pass the CET 4. Kent’s performance is far from perfect. 18 The big noise makes me can’t sleep.

19 My suggestion is more attention should be attached to the issue of youth drug abuse. 20 The amount of bikes will decline in ten years. 改错练习

21 The reason why people choose to live in cities is because the city life is more convenient.

29 I must to return back home as soon as possible.

30 We drew a final conclusion that Tom is a dishonest man. 课后建议 少写多改

05.1 养老足球赛

Write an essay of 160-200words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it. 描述图画＋阐释寓意＋给出评论 describe the drawing

There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper. As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, in the middle of the drawing, lies an old man, crumbling like a football, deserted by his sons and daughters, who are guarding their doors and refuse to take care of their father. interpret its meaning 图画的意义是什么？ 冰山……

22 Raising pets are good for old people and child. 多背多看 23 Keep pet in big city is not allowed.

24 However, others people suggest that college students do the part-time job is quite beneficial. 25 Young people live and study by themselves is of great significance to their future career. I like singing. I like her singing. 改错练习

26 I am very difficult to write articles in English. 27 I hope this letter would draw your attention and look into the case.

28 A small thief entered into my room and my room was stolen at last night.

抓住重点 勇于放弃

我的心曾经悲伤过七次——纪伯伦

第一次，它把成功寄希望于侥幸；

第二次，当它在空虚时，用爱欲来填充； 第三次，在困难和容易之间，它选择了容易； 第四次，它自由软弱，却把它认为是生命的坚韧； 第五次，它犯了错误，却委过于环境； 第六次，它依靠卑贱来博取高尚； 畏尾； 谢

谢！

第七次，它侧身于生活的污泥中，虽不甘心，却又畏首过去十年间，由于改革开放政策的执行，人民的生活水

平有了巨大的提高，但同时带来一些问题，上图的问题最严重。

根据一项调查表明，20xx年，有50％的老年人缺乏子女的照顾。 如果……

interpret its meaning

感谢大家无声的掌声！ 附录：考研写作速成 例1

Funny as the cartoon is, the symbolic meaning behind the picture is as deep as ocean. China, being famous for its virtue of respecting elders, has been filled with examples about attending to old people , with…being the most persuasive. However, the past decade has witnessed an increasing number of cases about maltreating the elders in some part of our country, either in cities or in the countryside. According to the latest survey, nearly 30% of the old people are lack of the tending from their off springs, were the situation to continue, we would pay a high price. give your comment

The problem being so serious, it is high time that we took effective and efficient measures to counter the maltreatment towards old people. For one thing, laws and regulations should be worked out to punish those who would not support their parents’ living; for another, we young people should be educated to respect and esteem the old. Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy society can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which old people can enjoy their twilight to the uttermost. 例2

01.1 爱心是一盏灯

1 showing your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the pictures below. 2 give a specific example, and

help them, which is so called Hope Project. According to a survey, money collected annually is worth as much as $100,000,000, which can help one million children to go to school. Were there

3 give your suggestion as to the best way to show no such precious help, those children would never

get the knowledge suitable to their age and live love

描述图画（阐释寓意）＋举例论证＋给出评论（suggestion）

showing your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the pictures below

There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper. As is vividly shown in the picture, in the darkness stands a candle, spreading light and warmness around itself. Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning behind the picture is as deep as the ocean. Just as the old proverb says, where there is light, there is help.

give a specific example

Among all the touching facts relating to love that I have heard, noticed and experienced, the most impressive one is Hope Project. In some remote being so poor that hardly can they support their children’s education. Pathetic as they are, people coming from all walks of life began to

in the darkness for ever.

give your suggestion as to the best way to show love

Then how to show love to others? It goes without saying that we are living in a world of love and help. Whenever we lend others a helping hand, we will receive help somewhere else. All the members in the society should join their hands in creating a favorable environment for others. Only in a society full of love can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which people can enjoy their lives to the uttermost. 例3

02.1美国女孩子穿中国传统服饰：

Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay entitled “cultures--national and

part of the west of China, exist numerous families international”

In the essay you should

1 describe the picture and interpret its meaning, What is the meaning of the picture? The past and（此提纲应分为两段写作） decade has witnessed a phenomenon that an 2 give your comments on the phenomenon increasing number of cultural intercourses have taken place owing to the reform and open door 描述图画＋阐释寓意＋给出评论 policy being carried out. According to a survey, describe the picture the number of people coming from foreign

countries has reached to 100,000,000, who have

There has been a heated discussion about a brought fresh ideas to China and taken away picture in the newspaper. As is vividly shown in Chinese traditional essence. Were there no such the picture, in the middle of the photograph, policy, we would never taste KFC at all, neither stands a foreign girl, dressed in Chinese would foreigners know anything about Chinese traditional clothes, with a sweet smile on her face. Kungfu.

Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning

behind the picture is as deep as the ocean. Just as give your comments on the phenomenon the old proverb says, cultures transmit beyond With the process of the globalization, it goes border. without saying that we are living in an ever small interpret its meaning world. With the development of society and the

reform and open door policy being carried out,

图画的意义是什么？ we are thirst for overseas visitors and outlook at

the outside of the world. However, it is essential

冰山…… that we keep it in mind that we have to absorb 在过去十年间，由于改革开放政策的执行，我国与海外the essence and resist the drawbacks. Only in a 的交往越来越多。 reasonable, healthy society can we hope to

witness the ideal scene in which Chinese and

根据一项调查表明，…… foreigners can enjoy their lives to the uttermost. 如果没有这样的政策，我们就吃不到麦当劳和肯德鸡例4

了。 04.1 终点又是新起点：

interpret its meaning Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should: 1 describe the drawing; 2 interpret its meaning, and 3 support your view with examples. 描述图画＋阐释寓意＋举例论证（至少2个） describe the drawing There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper. As is vividly shown above, on the playground runs a young man, rushing to the final, which is also marked as another start one. Tired as he is, he has to continue his travel optimistically. Just as the old Arab proverb says, determination means another start point interpret its meaning Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning behind the pictures is as deep as the ocean. The running situation is naturally associated with our real life. Whenever we have achieve a goal or the like, should we just stop pursuing the further goal and just enjoy the happiness of success or be savage again for the next terminal--a question deserves our more attention.

support your view with examples Among all the touching facts relating to running that I have heard, noticed and experienced, the most impressive one is Liuxiang, the gold medal winner in Olimpics, 2004. Had he stopped practice only after he had won a region championship, he would not have been the world super star. Turn our attention to the business field. According to a survey, 70% of the companies merged by bigger ones, have once been overjoyed with their small profits and unaware of the danger posed by more ambitious rivals. In sum, keeping making progress should be the right attitude toward life and work for everybody and even for a country.

感谢大家无声的掌声！

刘烁炀

leotree2001@hotmail.com