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毕业论文（设计）开题报告

论文（设计）题目：论《愤怒的葡萄》中的女性意

识Female Consciousness in the Grapes of Wrath

学生名：

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指导教师姓名及职称：

201 年 月 日

（教务处制表）

摘 要：约翰?斯坦贝克的主要作品《愤怒的葡萄》被广泛认为是一部反映美国特定历史时期社会问题的纪录小说。在小说中,他描述的两个不可战胜的女人给我们留下了深刻的印象。本论文将从女性主义的角度对乔德大妈和罗莎香这两名女性进行分析，从而探索出她们的女性意识的发展和改变，最终探讨她们是如何实现自身的价值。

关键词：愤怒的葡萄，女性主义文学批评，女性意识，乔德大妈，罗莎香

Abstract: The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck’s most important work, is widely regarded as a documentary novel reflecting American social problems of a particular historical period. In the novel, he describes two indestructible women who are very impressive to us. The paper will analyze the character of these two females, Ma Joad and Rose of Sharon in the light of Feminist Criticism, in order to explore the female consciousness in the book and make better understanding of how their mind are changed and how they realize their value.

Key words: The Grapes of Wrath, Feminist Criticism, female consciousness, Ma Joad, Rose of Sharon

Proposal for BA Thesis

I．Introduction

John Steinbeck, the Noble Prize Winner in Literature, is the foremost novelist of the American Depression of the 1930s. The Grapes of Wrath won the Pulitzer Prize in 1940, is his most important work which describes an abject situation under the economic crisis in 1930s. It is generally regarded as a particular historical period reflecting American social problems documentary novels. In this paper, we will analyze the character of two females, Ma Joad and Rose of Sharon in the light of Feminist Criticism, in order to explore the female consciousness in the book and make better understanding how their mind changed and how they realize their value.

III. Literature Review

3.1 Previous studies

Zhang Lisheng（2010）points out in his paper An Eeofeminism Interpretation of The Grapes of Wrath that this fiction is a deep meditation on the relationship of man，woman，and nature which he analyze it in the light of Ecofeminism. He analyzed the relationship between man, woman and nature, and figure out that in the fiction Steinbeck fiercely criticizes patriarchy and points out the interdependence of man，woman，and nature，and advocates to build a fair and harmonious society based on an ethic of care and reciprocity. And in Gong Yubo’s paper Indestructible Women——An Analysis of the Two Female Characters- Ma load and Rose of Sharon in The Grapes of Wrath, he pay more attention to depicted their indestructible character through the their actions when facing abject situation. “He agrees that the two females are as the symbol of survival, hope and perseverance. Especially Ma Joad,”（zhang, 2005: 12） who is not only a mother's symbol, but the goddess of the earth as well. He point out that it also is the author’s hope that the American people can act indomitable when facing difficulties. Each paper was only concerned about one or two focus and does not give a full description of the females in the novel. In my paper, I pay more attention to their minds, their consciousness through the things they did, their thought and everything related to them, but not just to analyze their characters or their relationship with the man or nature. I will pick out the female consciousness in the light of Feminism such as how their mind changed and how they realize their value so that we can make better understanding to the two females.

3.2 Theoretical framework

Feminism refers to movements aimed at establishing and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and equal opportunities for women. Its concepts overlap with those of women's rights. Feminism is controversial for challenging traditions in many fields and especially for supporting shifting the political balance toward women.

Female consciousness of self consciousness and subjectivity established can help us to develop women’s liberation and freedom. Only this kind of consciousness established can the females realize their value. Otherwise, we also analyze the female identity and status in that society through their acts and so on.

Ecofeminism is a philosophy and movement born from the union of feminist and ecological

thinking and the belief that the social mentality that leads to the domination and oppression of women is directly connected to the social mentality that leads to the abuse of the natural environment. It combines eco-anarchism or bioregional democracy with a strong ideal of feminism. Its advocates often emphasize the importance of interrelationships between humans, non-human others (e.g. pigs, squirrels, toads), and the earth.

3.3 Summary

After collecting some information about analyzing the females in The Grapes of Wrath and learning some useful literary theories and according to previous studies, I found that such topic to analyze the female consciousness in The Grapes of Wrath is available. And I will pay more attention to their minds, their consciousness through the things they did, their thought and everything related to them, but not just to analyze their characters or their relationship with the man or nature. I will pick out the female consciousness in the light of Feminism such as how their mind changed and how they realize their value.

（IV. Methods and Materials

Through reading materials from library and the Internet and turning to several authoritative references, I will select and analyze information relevant to the subject of research. I will take notes from the articles The Grapes of Wrath. See the booklist in the references below. ）

V. Outline of the paper

1. Introduction

2 .Feminism and the overview of the novel

2.1 Feminism

2.2 The overview of the book

3. Female consciousness in the Grapes of Wrath

3.1 Ma Joad’s female consciousness

3.1.1 Her Role as a Mother

3.1.2 Her Position as the Family’s Leader

3.1.3 Her Advanced Mind as the Role that Challenges the

Man-Centered World

3.2 Rose of Sharon’s female consciousness

3.2.1 The Transformation of Rose of Sharon

3.2.2 The Significant Action of Rose of Sharon at the End of the Novel

3.2.3 Rose of Sharon: The Christ-Like Offering of the Self

4.Conclusion

VI. References:

[1] Alexander，C. John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath[M].刘岩，译.上海:外语教学与研究出

版社，1996.

[2] Gong Yubo. IndestructibIe Women—An Analysis of the Two Female Characters- Ma load and

Rose de Saron in The Grapes of Wrath[J]. 辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版),2005.

[3] 何野萍.理想的母亲--析《愤怒的葡萄》中乔德大妈[J].语言文学研究文教资料上旬刊，2009.

[4] 斯坦贝克，约翰．愤怒的葡萄[M]．胡仲持，译．上海：上海译文出版社，2007

[5] Xu Jia. Great Women in Great Depression—A Feminist Reading of The Grapes of Wrath[J]. 西南农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2007.

[6] Zhang Lisheng.An Eeofeminism Interpretation of The Grapes of Wrath[J]. 昆明冶金高等专科学校学报,2010.

[7] 张岩冰.女权主义文论[M].山东，山东教育出版社，2005.

[8] 朱刚.二十世纪西方文艺理论[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社，2008.

 

第二篇：英语学习_英语专业毕业论文开题报告的写法_必备

弃我去者，昨日之日不可留

乱我心者，今日之日多烦忧

英语专业毕业论文开题报告的写法

在正式撰写毕业论文之前，学生要写出开题报告，以便指导老师能根据学生对文献的综述和对所选论题的认识，确定其可行性。

开题报告是作者将自己初步选定的题目之内容、思想等，以书面形式向毕业论文答辩委员会的导师和听众作一书面汇报和简要说明。

写开题报告目的：一是作者能将所选课题的内容框架、研究现状、选题意义、重难点和创新点、文化结构、主要引征材料及参考书目作一总体思路的勾划，作者对该选题的前因后果，来龙去脉进行有序的组合清理，为撰写毕业论文作好充分准备。二是作者能广泛听取他人的宝贵意见，并在此基础上重新理顺论文思路，使其结构更趋完整，内容更趋翔实。 开题报告的基本组成部分

1、毕业论文题目

论文题目用中英文撰写，汉语在前，英语在后。目的是限定毕业论文的大致范围和方向，即论题。应力求简明扼要，引人注目。一般不超过15—20字。必要时可使用副标题。

2、本选题的研究目的

以中学英语教学法方向为例，则须说明要解决英语教与学，理论与实践等方面的哪些问题，这些问题应是在教学实践中比较突出又难以解决的问题；或是前人从未解决的，并且能填补某一领域的空白的问题。

3、本选题在国内外同行业中的研究现状

国内外学者对该选题曾作过哪些方面的相关研究，本课题在国内外研究中处于何等地

位？是属于未开拓的领域，还是在前人已经研究过的基础上作深层次的研究？国内外有哪些论文、论著涉及到本选题的内容？

4、研究本选题的动机及意义

提出本选题的根据是什么？为什么提出这个选题？本选题的研究有什么意义？从理论的角度看，本选题有哪些方面的突破，其价值取向是什么？本选题与相关领域之间的关系如何？对英语教学会起什么作用？从实践的角度看，本选题是否有助于英语教师和学生把握教与学的动向，使人们在英语教与学的过程中少走弯路，是否有利于提高英语教学质量？

5、本选题研究的主要观点、内容、重点和难点

本选题研究有哪几个重要观点，其特点是什么？研究的重点在哪几个方面？研究的难点在何处？怎样从理论与实践出发，对英语教学进行更深入的理论探讨？如何结合英语教学实际对改进英语教学作对策思考？本选题有哪几个新观点？是否填补了国内外同行业研究中的空白？

6、本选题的撰写框架

框架可用提纲形式表述，一般构成如下：

引言：提出问题、摆明观点。

论点：分析问题与阐明自己的观点。大致包括：问题的原因及危害性；解决问题的重要性和必要性；从理论上来论证问题的解决方法，并联系教学实际阐述解决问题的策略与做法。另外，利用实际数据作为论据，证明方法的有效性。

结论：通过对问题的分析论证，其结果如何？对人们在英语教与学中有何指导意义？有哪些方面需要继续研究的？它还有什么不足之处？

参考书目：参考书目一般是英文参考书在前，中文参考书在后，以字母拼音顺序排列。

7、研究基础

作者在选择该题之前作过哪些方面的学习、研究或写过什么文章？说明能如期完成毕业论文撰写的理由。

8、研究方法

常见的研究方法包括：观察、调查、描述、实验、实证、文献、个案研究、比较研究、经验总结、实践反思、测量、量化、行动研究、表列、图示、内容分析等方法。例如：实验的方法就是对英语教学班级进行实验对比；调查的方法就是通过调查表、询问、问答等形式寻找解决问题的方法。

一个课题根据具体情况可能需要一种或多种研究方法。

9、撰写步骤及阶段任务

包括：选题及开题报告初稿、正式开题报告及提纲、完成初稿、二稿、三稿、定稿等、何时论文答辩等。

开题报告中文范例

标题： 英语隐喻汉译

（On Translating English Metaphors into Chinese）

1) 本选题国内外研究现状

对隐喻的研究在国外已形成较为完整的体系，其中以Lakoff & Johnson (1987)的研究最具有代表性，而对于其汉译的研究却凤毛麟角。国内对于隐喻的研究主要受Lakoff & Johnson理论的影响，其中以胡壮麟、朱永生为主要代表。在隐喻翻译的研究方面，李国南（1990），胡文仲（1994）对于英汉成语或谚语中的习用性比喻的喻体进行过比较，并探讨了其翻译的途经。在近期出版的刊物中有对队喻翻译研究方面的文章，其中以徐莉娜的《隐喻的翻译》为主要代表。但其研究的范围也只是局限于文学、修辞用语的隐喻翻译。

2）本选题的意义、重点、难点及创新点

意义：本选题突破了历来将隐喻的汉译局限在诗学、修辞学、文学等范畴。由于“翻译是跨语言、跨文化的交际活动”（陈宏薇：1996），翻译对各民族之间文化的传播起着非常重要贡献的作用。我们对日常用语中隐喻的汉译研究应与英语语言文化背景的研究结合起来。

重点：本选题重在研究隐喻在英语日常用语中存在的普遍性、可译性及其翻译的方法。

难点：怎样从文化交际的角度对日常用语中的隐喻的汉译进行深入的理论探讨。 创新点：研究英语日常用语中的隐喻的汉译理论及其方法。

3）论文的结构及简要说明

1. 引言

2. 英语日常用语中隐喻存在的普遍性

2.1 隐喻的定义

2.2 关于隐喻研究的常用书语

2.3 英语日常用语中的隐喻

3. 英语日常用语中隐喻的特点

3.1日常用语中隐喻的分类

3.1.1 习用性隐语

3.1.2 新生隐喻

3.2 英语隐喻与汉语隐喻

3.3 英语日常用语中隐喻的可译性

4. 英语日常用语中的隐译汉译

4.1 翻译的标准

4.2日常用语中隐喻汉译的难点

4.3日常用语中隐语汉译的过程

4.4日常用语中隐喻汉译的基本方法及原则

5.日常用语中隐喻汉译的方法与技巧

5.1 直译法

5.2 意译法

5.3 转译法

5.4 直译和意译结合法

4) 参考书目

Brodkey, Linda. Review: The Language in Metaphors. ( College English Jan, v50 pp 89-94), 1988.

Jin Di & Eugene, A. Nida. On Translation. Beijing: China Translation Publishing Company, 1984.

Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. Metaphors We Live by Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1987.

Nida, Eugene A. & William, Reyburn. Meaning Across Cultures, Maryknoll of N.Y. Orbis Book, 1981.

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陈宏薇 《新实用汉译英教程》，武汉：湖北教育出版社，1996。

陈文伯 《英语成语和汉语成语》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1980。

邓炎昌、刘润清《语言与文化》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1989。

张培基等《英汉翻译教程》，上海：上海外语教育出版社，1983。

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5) 简要说明

本文分五个部分。一、简要介绍隐喻与语言以及语言与文化之间的关系，提出日常用语中隐喻的汉译不可忽视文化背景，并且简述本论文的主要内容。二、重点论述隐喻在英语日常用语中存在的普遍性。四、讨论隐喻的汉译标准、难点、过程、基本方法以及根据语境而确定译法的原则。五、详述陈喻汉译的方法和技巧，指出在翻译实践中，对每种方法的使用都不能走极端。结论部分，总结研究隐喻汉译所具有的实用价值。