安徒生童话的艺术特色

安徒生童话的艺术特色摘要:在安徒生初闯文坛,最需要善意的指导和支持的时候,这种类似的聒噪曾经一再搅 扰着他,窒息着他,使他脆弱的心灵备受煎熬,因此当他拿起写童话的笔时,这些情景就自 然而然地化为了上述生动的故事情节, 其中麻雀们聒噪的神态描绘得惟妙惟肖, 恰到好处地 揭示出讽刺对象那种庸俗浅薄、自作聪明、充满嫉妒的心态。 构成安徒生童话幽默风格的重要因素之一, 是其语言的幽默感, 这种幽默感往往活跃了整 个作品的气氛,十分富有感染力。例如《夜莺》的开头: “你大概知道,在中国,皇帝是一 个中国人;他周围的人也是中国人。 ”那种煞有介事的幽默令人忍俊不住。有时候这种幽默 的语气与内涵的哲理相结合,往往会形成某种格言化的效果,如“永恒的真理是很长的,比 这个故事要长得多”(《各得其所》) 关键字:人道主义、温和的幽默、浓郁的诗意、口语化 安徒生童话以其光芒四射的艺术魅力使世界第一次认识了丹麦, 认识了北欧, 它不仅给丹 麦,也给北欧,给世界留下了一份宝贵的文化财富。 安徒生童话艺术特色分为四点。 (一)鲜明的人道主义精神 安徒生的童话创作充满了人道主义精神,这是他的作品打动读者的突出特点之一。 安徒生在他的大量童话作品中热情地礼赞了人的价值,例如《树精》 ,那个原本舒适安乐地 生活在栗树上的小精灵, 以自己百年以上的寿命去换取短短一夜的做人资格, 当她以一个人 的身份来到巴黎,见识了种种现代人类种种文明生活的奇迹——美妙的音乐、地下迷宫、精 美的建筑、 大街上的车辆, 以及被人们叹为 “一朵艺术和工业的美丽之花” 、 “一朵童话之花” 、 “一座近代阿拉丁之宫”的巴黎博览会之后,她怀着一种真正满足坦然死去。表达了同样思 想和情感的还有安徒生的名作《海的女儿》 ,这是一篇震撼读者灵魂的杰作:年轻的人鱼公 主宁愿放弃三百年的寿命、 放弃海底王宫里舒适高贵的生活、 甚至放弃自己清脆美丽的歌喉, 而且还要忍受毒药将自己的鱼尾劈开的剧痛、 忍受鱼尾变成的嫩脚每走一步都像踩在刀尖上 般痛楚,在付出所有这一切物质上肉体上的沉重代价之外,她还要忍受被王子误解、失恋乃 至生与死的心灵考验,而所有这一切,只不过是因为小人鱼渴望作一个人、渴望拥有一个真 正的人才有的不灭的灵魂! 安徒生几乎是将人乃至人的灵魂放到一个高不可攀的地位, 他不 仅仅怀着一个人道主义者的忠贞信念, 而且还怀着一个十足浪漫主义者的强烈激情, 简直是 蘸着心中的血和泪在讴歌“人”这样一个宇宙至

高无上的万物灵长。小人鱼苦苦追求的“不 灭的灵魂”其实就是安徒生理想中人的生命价值所在,有了这个不灭的灵魂,才能进入生命 的高级境界,而人的生命是只有为了追求与奋斗才能获得不朽的价值。对于出身下层、饱尝 世态炎凉、靠自己不懈的努力和艰难的奋斗才获得艺术上成功的安徒生来说,平等、奋斗、 博爱等人道主义信念几乎是与生俱来地流淌在他的血液中。 他在大量的童话作品中淋漓尽致 地倾诉了这种对人的生命价值的信念, 这些作品几乎就是安徒生早年在逆境中挣扎奋斗的系 列写照。例如降生在养鸡场中、倍受歧视的丑小鸭,即使在最令人心灰意冷的逆境中,也任 然没有丧失对美好生活的向往;又如娇小美丽的拇指姑娘,虽然一再落入诸如癞蛤蟆、金龟 子、 田鼠、 鼹鼠等庸俗肮脏的窝巢中, 但始终不愿随波逐流, 终于找到了理想中的天国花园。 而《野天鹅》中的爱丽莎、 《白雪皇后》中的小格尔达等,则又都是凭着非凡的爱心、勇气 和坚韧的毅力,经过不懈的努力,即拯救了所爱的人,也赢得了自己的幸福的典型例子。人 的价值除包括人的灵魂、人的奋斗以外,还包括人的情爱。由于关注人的命运,安徒生格外 重视表现人间的情爱、像《小意达的花儿》《拇指姑娘》《野天鹅》《白雪皇后》《坚定的 、 、 、 、 锡兵》《柳树下的梦》等等,这里面既有天真无邪的儿童对花儿的怜爱,有小孩子与小动物 、 的友谊,有兄弟姐妹之间的手足深情,也有恋人之间甜蜜忠贞的爱情。由自己的坎坷经历出 发, 安徒生在他的童话创作中将全部的热情和关爱都投注到那些出身卑微、 普普通通的劳动 者身上,而他笔下的那些兢兢业业的小人物,几乎都有一颗质朴、纯洁和高贵的心灵,特别 是在那些描绘和讴歌人间情爱的篇章中,这种纯洁、质朴和高贵的品质往往令人怦然心动。 比如《老头子的话总没有错》 ,在那一对儿贫穷老夫妻的生活中,充满了爱、信任、乐观和 宽容,尽管老头子的生意总是走下坡路,而老太婆的一个热烈的吻却能蓬荜生辉,这是多少 虽然堆满金钱但却充满嫉妒争吵、 尔虞我诈的上流社会人家无法得到的幸福人生! 再比如 《坚 定的锡兵》 ,那个只有一条腿、而且运气很糟糕的小锡兵,却始终怀着对小舞蹈家坚贞不渝 的爱情。与这些普通劳动者的高贵心灵形成鲜明对照的,是达官贵族、上流社会的虚伪、愚 蠢和自私,像《皇帝的新装》中的皇帝和大臣, 《豌豆上的公主》中的老皇后、王子和公主, 《陀螺》中自称是用“桃花木制成的”那个陀螺,等等,都是一些既愚蠢又虚荣的角

色,安 徒生通过自己的童话作品淋漓尽致地表达了对这些人物的鄙夷和抨击。 安徒生童话在充分肯 定和讴歌人的价值的基础上,恳切地关注着人的命运,特别是普通劳动者的命运。安徒生来 自丹麦下层社会,并且一生坎坷,因此他最关注那些和他的鞋匠家庭一样的下层民众,他们 的命运、他们的苦乐辛酸。纵观安徒生的童话,无论是早期的、中期的还是晚期的作品,无 不是充满了下层民众的民主意识, 早期的作品如 《打火匣 《大克劳斯和小克劳斯》 、 《丑小鸭》 、 《皇帝的新装》 ,中期的作品如《依卜和克里斯汀》《柳树下的梦》《卖火柴的小女孩》 、 、 ,晚 期的作品如《老单身汉的睡帽》《她是一个废物》等等。在这些童话中,安徒生描绘和歌颂 、 了劳动者勤劳、勇敢、善良、诚实的美好心灵,并为他们所承受的不公正的命运给予深深的 同情和鸣不平:他们的勇气和才智丝毫不逊于那些达官贵族(如《打火匣》中士兵和小克劳 斯),他们的品格远比那些身居高位者高尚和优越(如《皇帝的新装》中说真话的小孩子),然 而他们往往辛苦劳累一生,却仍然得不到温饱,甚至在饥寒潦倒中悲惨地死去,如那个不得 不靠喝烈酒来抵御寒冷的洗衣妇、 冻死在圣诞前夜的卖火柴女孩。 安徒生十分理解和同情那 些即使是在贫困的生活中, 也怀有种种对未来的美好愿望和梦想的下层劳动者, 但是不公平 的命运常常是的她们的梦想像肥皂泡一样一个个破灭, 最后只剩下辛酸回忆和聊以自慰的幻 想,就像《柳树下的梦》中的鞋匠克努得、 《老单身汉的睡帽》中的老单身汉,安徒生对这 些人物几乎是蘸着心中的血和泪来描写的, 因此具有强烈震撼人心的艺术感染力。 安徒生不 是个思想家,在他有关民众命运的思考中,难免有时带有个人感情、阅历及其观念信仰等的 局限,因此,尽管安徒生有时对不合理的现实生活进行辛辣的嘲讽,对上流社会的愚昧和虚 伪予以毫不留情的揭露,尽管他对下层民众的同情是发自内心深处的、真挚强烈的,但却又 是充满哀怨和无奈的, 看不到出路的, 所以最终他还会死只能一再回到宗教中去寻求精神的 归宿,一再将求助的目光投向上帝、天国,把上帝当做“真理”和“博爱”的当然化身。在 这种充满悲怆感、 宿命感的艺术格调中, 隐隐透露出古老的北欧文化沉郁、 凝重的宿命色彩。 (二)童心的歌唱 安徒生童话拥有一种极其可爱的天真气息, 尤其是他的早期童话作品, 这种天真的气息自 然得如同由儿童心灵深处焕发出来的, 它来自安徒生对儿童心理的细致入微的体察, 他把这 种体察通过对

话、场面等描写生动地传递了出来。像《小意达的花儿》中小意达与年轻的大 学生(实际就是安徒生自己)之间天真无邪的对话,此外童话的结尾也描绘了一幅充满童趣的 天真画面:挪威的表兄弟是两个活泼的孩子。一个叫约那斯,一个叫亚多尔夫。他们的父亲 送给了他们的两张弓。 他们把这东西也一起带来给小意达看。 她把那些已经死去的可怜的花 儿的故事全都讲给他们听。 他们也就因此可以为这些花儿举行葬礼。 这两个孩子肩上背着弓, 走在前面;小意达手上托着那装着死去的花儿的美丽匣子,走在后面。他们在花园里掘了一 个小小的坟墓。小意达先吻了吻这些花儿,然后就把它们连匣子一起葬在土里。约那斯和亚 多尔夫在坟上射着箭,作为敬礼,因为它们既没有枪,又没有炮。又比如《柳树下的梦》中 的一个场面: 第二天他们带着姜饼带却格公墓去。教堂的墙上长满了最茂盛的常春藤;它 冬天和夏天悬在墙上,简直像是一张华丽的地毯。他们把姜饼放在太阳光中的绿叶里,然后 把这个没有结果的沉默的爱情故事讲给一群孩子听。这叫做“爱” ,因为这故事很可爱--在 这一点上大家都同意。不过,当他们再看看这对姜饼恋人的时候,哎呀,一个存心折烂污的 大孩子已经把那个碎裂的姑娘吃掉了。孩子们大哭一通,然后--大概是为了要不让那个男恋 人在这世界上赶到寂寞--他们也把他吃掉了。但是他们一直没有忘掉这个故事。即使是拟人 化的场面描写,仍然充满了天真的童趣,比如《鹳鸟》“听着,现在你们得学着飞! : ”有一 天鹳鸟妈妈说。四只小鹳鸟也得走出窠来,到屋脊上去。他们走得多么不稳啊!他们把翅膀 张开来保持平衡。虽然如此,还是几乎摔下来了。 “请看着我! ”妈妈说。 “你们要这样把脚 伸开!一、二!一、二!你要想在这世界上活下去就得这样! ”于是她飞行了短短的一段距 离。这些小鹳鸟笨拙地跳了一下。砰!--他们落下来了。因为他们的身体太重了! “我不要 飞了! ”一只小鹳鸟说,同时钻进窠里去, “飞不到温暖的国度里去我也不在乎!“当冬天来 ” 了的时候,你想在这儿冻死吗?你想让那些小孩子来把你吊死,烧死,烤焦吗?我现在可要 叫他们来啦!“哦,不要叫吧! ” ”这只小鹳鸟说,同时像别的小鹳鸟一样,又跳到屋顶上来 了。 到第三天他们能够真正飞一点了。 于是他们就以为他们可以在空中坐着, 在空中休息了。 他们试了一下,可是--砰!--他们翻下来了,所以他们又得赶忙拍着翅膀。安徒生一生热爱 儿童,为儿童写作,倾听他们的心声。在他的时代,安徒生是

一个出色地把握了儿童心理奥 秘的伟大作家,所以,在他的童话中,淘气的小男孩宣称要用拖鞋做摇篮(《卖火柴的小女 孩》),孩子们在一起吹牛皮比赛谁的爸爸更能干(《孩子们的闲话》),衣衫褴褛的小女孩为 了不能看一眼哈巴狗的坟墓而伤心痛苦(《伤心事》),而赤身裸体游街的皇帝面前会冒出一 个孩子率真的声音: “可是他什么也没有穿呀! ”(《皇帝的新装》)……还有口语气息浓郁的 叙述语言,同样带有一种儿童口语式的单纯、天真、活泼和情境性。像《小克劳斯和大克劳 斯》“一个兵在路上开步走,一,二!一,二! : ”读者仿佛能够看见那个神气的士兵在路上 大步走着的情景。 《梦神》“世界上没有谁能像奥列·路却埃那样,会讲那么多的故事--他 : 才会讲呢! ”小孩子特有的夸张语调中流露出天真的艳羡和渴望。 《幸福的家庭》“这个国家 : 里最大的绿叶子,无疑要算是牛蒡的叶子了。你拿一片放在你的肚皮上,那么它就像一条围 裙。如果你把它放在头上,那么雨天里它就可以当做一把伞用,因为它是出奇地宽大。 ”这 里的牛蒡叶子完全是从小孩子的眼睛里看到的。 《玫瑰花精》“别作声!花亭里还有两个人 : 呢--一个漂亮的年轻人和一个美丽的少女。他们紧挨在一起坐着;他们希望永远不要分开。 他们彼此相爱,比最好的孩子爱自己的爸爸妈妈还要强烈得多。 ”这里已经是一个成年人对 幼小孩童讲故事时所特有的那种亲切温柔的口吻了。 (三)温和的幽默 安徒生的童话有一种特有的幽默风格, 这种幽默往往若隐若现在字里行间, 渗透在对话和 场景之中,一点也不尖锐、突兀或刻薄,而是闪烁着温和、机智的光泽,令读到它的人心中 荡起一片快活的涟漪,嘴边浮现一个会心的微笑。正是这种温和的幽默,形成了安徒生童话 所特有的温馨快活的魅力。比如: “唔,情形怎样?”一只来拜访她的老鸭子问。 “这个蛋费的时间真久! ”坐着的母鸭说。 “它老是不裂开。请你看看别的吧。他们真是 一些最逗人爱的小鸭儿!都像他们的爸爸--这个坏东西从来没有来看过我一次! ” --《丑小鸭》 钱猪装得非常满,连摇也摇不响--这的确要算是一只钱猪所能达到的最高峰了。他现在 高高地站在橱柜上,瞧不起房里一切其他的东西。他知道得很清楚,他肚皮里所装的钱可以 买到这所有的玩具。这就是我们所谓的“心中有数” 。 --《钱猪》 安徒生常常运用他的温和的幽默作武器,来含蓄地解剖和讽刺丹麦社会中的一些达官权贵、 文坛小人、暴发户等等,讽刺他们的愚蠢、虚伪、骄横或奢侈。例如在童话《皇

 

第二篇:论安徒生童话的深层含义及其艺术特点

上海师范大学

硕士学位论文

论安徒生童话的深层含义及其艺术特点

姓名:巨铭

申请学位级别:硕士

专业:英语语言文学

指导教师:王新球

20080401

摘要

安徒生是世界上伟大的文学天才,安徒生童话是一部以童话而名扬世界的文学巨著,并且成为了众多学者研究的对象。它作为一本儿童读物,对于儿童的人生观,价值观的构建有一定的影响。他的作品在传统和现代之间构成了一个平台,自然持久地融入到儿童教育当中,打破了传统的模式并且给儿童和成人提供了启发和创新的能力。这部流传了百年的巨著,至今经久不衰,为孩子以及成人带来美的启示。

本文旨在从思想内容和艺术手法两方面分析安徒生童话的特点。思想内容方面,把钟情死亡悲剧,体现博爱思想,和打破传统童话对女性的定位作为安徒生童话不同于传统童话的独特之处加以分析:艺术手法方面,既发掘安徒生有别于传统童话的独特的艺术特色,又从诗化语言、松弛的叙事结构、口语化三个不同角度进行了具体的分析。

本论文分为五个大部分:第一部分,全景式概述。大体上从不同的角度阐述了童话的研究状况以及安徒生童话的研究。第二部分,介绍了安徒生的生平以及他的童话创作。第三部分从安徒生童话思想内容进行具体的分析。从生命的寂灭这个凄恻忧伤的悲剧主题淋漓尽致地映证了其悲剧情结。在安徒生童话中人们可以发觉闪动着圣经人文思想的作品不时忽隐忽现地闪光。有关女性追寻的主题在安徒生的童话中也呈现出有别于传统童话的内涵。第四部分研究并分析了安徒生童话的艺术手法,从叙述方式,叙述结构和语言三个方面加以阐述。最后部分是论文的总结,试图提供一种见解,去读懂安徒生童话所具有的智慧.关键词:安徒生童话,思想内容,艺术特色

Abstract

HaIlsCMsti觚Andersen’sfairytaleshavebeenawell-kIlownliteratureintheworld.ForbothChildrenandadults,Andersenbelongstothewofld’s黟eatestclllturalgeniuses.Andersen’sstorieshaVebeenalwaysanobjectofmanystudies.Hisworl【s

appliedinfb肌atraditional觚d

eduCationalmodemplatfb姗naturally觚dpe珊卸entlyasatedmolo酉es,servingreVoltagainstroutinestereotypesandinspiring

adultsascreative觚dreV0lutionaryideasinchildr铋aIldwell.Beingatypicalwriting

forChildrcn,ithasexerteda乎eateducationalinnuenccuponthepfoperchildren’smoralityaIldValuefbmationofstaIldard.WithahistOryOfmOreth柚onehundred

enduringyearSsinceitspubliCation,llismonumentalworkhaswonpopular锄daccept孤ce

well硒to锄ong

adults.itsreadells勰dbrou曲t伊eatenli曲te姗entofbeautyt0childrenas

nisstudydeV0test0』hdersen’sfairy

fairytales,intendingt0analyzethecharacteristicsofHans

contentsaIldaItisticCllristi锄Andersen’stales劬mt、)I,oaspects:ideologicalaretecllIliques.Firstly,Andersen’sfairytales

C0ntents.Healwaysfavoreddifferem劬mtraditionalonesinideolo百caltra酉ctheme,challenged

tales锄dinte孕atedthetheattitudetowardsfemalecharactersintraditionalf缸ry

humanity0flOVeint0hisfairytalesaIldtOOkmultiplest锄dswhentellingthestOries.Secondly,AndersennotonlydeVelopedhis0wnulliquewaytOnarratestoriesbutals0createdhis协r),talesinViews0fpOeticlallgllage,type锄d

astnlCture.Thisthesisconsists

fairytalesfromtwoof俞eChaptersinunityofresearchfocusonAnderSen’sperspectiVes:ideolo西calcontentsandartistictechniques.

ChapterIistheintroduction.nincludesthepu叩oseofthisthesisalldliteraturereViewOffairytales锄dAndersen’sfairytales.ThisChapterfirstbeginswithfairytales’studiesfrOmdifferentapproachesillgenerala11dthengoest0Andersen’sfairytalesstudies.

ChapterIIattemptstomakeasketchybiographyofAndersenandageneralsuⅣeyOfhisfairytales,aIldintroducesmainattributes0fAndersen’sfairytales.

hlChapterIII,itillustratesAndersen’sfairytalesf硒mhisideolo酉calcontents.Amongtheseresearches,thethesisfocuses

biblicalapproachisused0nthethemeofdeathaIldcruelty,锄dtheto姐alyzeAndersen’sfa时talessoasto伊asptheessentialmotifOf10Veimpliedbetweenthelines.Tllletheme0ffemalechamcters’questinAndefsen’sfairytales

IIlChapterⅣ,itcanbeinquiredintothoroughly.theanistictechIliquesofAndersen’sfair),studies卸d锄alyzes

tales.T1lethesistriest0discusstheanisticwritingtecllIliquesusedinAndersen’sfairytales,reneCtitspoetic

ChapterVis

tryingtoaflavor’namtiVestmcture跹dnamtiVedis缸ctdevice.conclusionofthechamcteristicsofAndersen’sfai巧tales,pr0Vide孤insi曲tintotheintellectualexcellenceofAndersen’swofks.硒猡words:Andersen’sfairytales,ideol0酉calcontents,anistictecluliques

论文独创性声明

本论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。论文中除了特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,不包含其他人或机构已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。其他同志对本研究的启发和所做的贡献均已在论文中做了明确的声明并表示了谢意。

作者签名:巨名参日期:2∞客?j’干

论文使用授权声明

本人完全了解上海师范大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,即:学校有权保留送交论文的复印件,允许论文被查阅和借阅;学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容,可以采用影印、缩印或其它手段保存论文。保密的论文在解密后遵守此规定。作者签名:踟艴硇憾:硼9、f揖、

Acknowledgements

Myheanful粤.atitudegoes

whose

ontomyacademicsupervisorProfessorWallg,f幻mwisdom锄dgenerositylbenefitinestimably.Hehelpedmeshapethisthinl【ingmythesis,gavemem锄yessentialinte印retationsrelatedtotheBible,柚dguidedmetoconstmcttheoutline0fthethesis.Hekindlytooktime

schedulet0readmy0f!f舶mbjsbusymanus嘶pt锄dtomal【emany

helpValuablesuggestions.I’mlucky

Mei--atohaVereceiVedthedirectaIldenC0umgementf幻mProfessorIthaIll【himforhisscholar衄Children’sliterature,锄d

akindness粕dhospitality.ItwaspleasuretodiscussH锄sCllristiaIlAndersenwithhim.Heshared

mewithhisfascinatillginsiglltsintoAndersen’sworl【S.

debttotheDanishscholars

areAnyone、ⅣritiIlg衄Anderscnowes锄incalculablewhose伽tst觚dingcriticaleditionsoflliswOrkS,letterS锄ddi撕estllebedrockof

allsubsequentstudy.The

gaVeEn酉ishtranslationsasofsomeAndersen’sworksandrcsearchwouldbemea铲eathelpwell.TllisthesisimpossiblewithouttheauthoritatiVeworksforwritingreference,aIldI锄de印ly伊atefultothem.

unfailinghelp加dpatienccI’dlil【epaniCularlyt0thaIlkmanylibrariansfortheir

iIltmcingrelatedbooks,百Vingmeuseful

t0infomation,etc.Lastly,mygreatestthanksgomymother,whoh嬲neVertired0freading

Anderscn’staleswithme锄dsharingher0wninterpretationswithme.

上海师范大学硕士学位论文IntroductionI.Introduction

Children’sliteratufetodayenjoyscentralityawarenessandconstitlltessuchas证eableproponionofneweducationalmaterialsthatitishardtoimagillewithoutpublish吨activity

forscholarship.

asait.Fair),talesareneverforchildrenonly'i11recentdecadestheyhaVereappearedcourse弱moVies,noVelsforadult,Vehiclesforpoppsych0109y,andofSimultaneously,itisworthymentioningtllattheyearof2005∞nbeconsidered

si驴ificant

觚nivefs盯ymomentofchildren’sliterature.AbigeV饥ttookplace:a0nthe200血0fHansChristianAnderSen’sbinh,therewerequitef色wdiscussionspublishedaboutAndersen卸dhisfairytales.Nowthere、,ival

Andersen’sofexplorillg柚dcritics柚dre.mte印retiIlgprof6蛐dme锄in笋of

nollfishing卸dworl【s锄ongtheliteraryreadersh硒bccome

HanSinvi90rating.Christi锄Andersen,thefirst【'anishwriterwhowonilltemationalreputationillthe19mcentury.HisextraordiIlary

itwass00nima西nation丘rstm柚ifestedindfam硒andnovels,butexpressedinfairytales.Oncehetumedt0theconlpositionoffairytales,a

tocomeintobeiIlgandmiraclewasbound

madeabrou曲thimcolossalwondreputation.Hebrea】【thfou曲丘DmthepopularnomofBrotherGrhnms’tal鼯byintroduciIlgintothegenrepe璐onalimagiIlationandrealisticelements,tllllsopeniIlgnewVistaforthegenre,smodemf0珊.AD卸ishscholarevcrnotes:‘‘Andersen,stalesembodVvariousillte叩retations,[and]

butadultchildrenmayfinditdif£iculttounderst锄dsomeabstractnotionsc锄”(Mitchell115).

MatchlessishishumaIlism,hisstrongbeliefiIl伊ace,hischanlpionshipofjusticcaIldeVefyone’sri曲tforhappiness.Hehadaboundlessloveforchildren锄da伊eatiIlsi曲tinthechildren,Ssoul.Hewasthepoetofchildhoodofalltinles.

his砧thou曲duringl疵timeAndersenwasnotedasawriterofnovels,plays柚d

poetryforadults,heisnowbestknownforhischildren’sfairystories.Andersen’sfairytaleshaVebeentranslatedintooVeronethousandlanguagesandillustratedbysomeoftheworld’sbestk110wnanistsfofchildren.Hisfirstchildren’sstoriesappearedinwefeenthusiasticanvrcceived.1835,锄d

上海师范大学硕士学位论文IntrOduction

“TllleworldofAndersen’sfairytaleshaSbeensu仃eredwith,dreamedof,deliberatedonandenjoyedmany,m锄yatimebyeachandeVerychild.BothwelI-knownandeVer-surprisiIlgitistendedycherisheddeepinthechild’s

inBulgarianPre-SchoolEducationhean”(RoussilloVa,“AndersenStrate酉es).ThusillAnderSen’swoddofrealisticfantasiesthechild’sself-real娩ationcontinually伊ows.Tlllesef缸tasiesillspirethechild’smanifestationsofcreativityinitscontactswiththeworld0feVeryday觚dillnuencetheirprI巧ections

“Happinessllponthechild’sspiritualexperiences,asanjhdersen’stalehasputit:c柚behidinginalittle锕ig

areaswell.”Andersen’sbest—knownstories

spirituallytme.Heisconsideredtobeself二portrait,inVentive,harsh,triumphantUglyDucklingandtheloyalLittleMemaid,the

the

thesteadfast弛depressiveFirSoldierandthel【illg-loViIlgN勘tingale,thedemonicShadow,the

himTree,觚dtheforlom“ttleMatchGirl.Theseaarecharacters彻dastorieswhichhaVemadeAndersen

historyasonehouseholdname,and酉Venplaceinliteraryofthe伊eatest卸dmostofi百nalEuropeanwriters.

1.1Thepurposeofthisstudy

Thewriterh硒thrcegoalsandwishes,soto

thesis.Thespeal【,wh朗settingareouttowritethisb弱ic硒s啪ptioninwritiIlgisthatfairytalesnot嬲childfen’sliterattlfeonly,butwithinthebroadercontextofl“erafystudies.Ukeallotherliterature,fairytalesaresusceptibleofseriouscriticalanalysis锄dunderst锄diIlg,卸dthatapplicationofreleVantcriticalquestionstoindividualworl(sassiststheadult—parent锄dteacher—inhisownreadiIlgofchildren’swritingandtheninhisbriIlgillgthemt0children.

Thesecondist0providereaderswithanewwayofcomprehendingfairytaleswhich

dothesestoriesconstitute锄impon卸t

deeper

thepanofchndren’sliterature.Whataresi铲ify?Whatenjoyduringme柚ingsdotheypossess?Fairytalesworl【sofaIteveryonemaybe酉仰iIlgyearsofhislifetimeaIldtheseworl【sofartmightlillgerinthedepthoftheadults’mind(Yu11).nou曲theyaremeanttoenchant柚demenain,theyalsoo此rameansofaddressingprofoundphilosophicalmeaning.UsingAnderSen’sfairytales够aunifyingtheme,mispaperdemonst豫teshowfair),taleshelppeoplegaintheirmodemandprofloundsignificance.2

上海师范人学硕:t学位论文Introduction

ThethirdgoalistoreVisitthefairytalesbyAnderseninordertoilluminatetheirgreatnessanduniqueness,andt0illtendt0make

fairytalesfromaatentativee任bntostudyAnderSen’ssonewresearchpefSpectiVe.WhyhasAndersenbecomepopularinthewond,especially丘omtheviewpoillt0fadults?ItisbecausethesocialthemesheexploredareofsuchreleVanceeVentothelifeoftodaythatAnderSenremainsvitalto璐a11.Thewriterwouldl设et0nlustmtewithsomeexamplesinthethesis.Intllestoriesthatpeople酉ossedoVcrwhentheywereyoung,fewunde璐tandwhydoestmgiccomplexbecomethethemethatAndersenusuallytall【sof,whydofcwAndersen’stalesinvolveprillceandprincess台omnow衄happilyliVingtogether,锄dwhyisthereacloserclationshipbetweenAndersen’sfaiD,tales柚dtheBible.

nishopedthattllisnoVelr%earchperspectivewithsomeorigillalViewsmayhelpbroadenandexpandthedeVelopmentofAmdersen’sfairytalesstudy.

1.2CriticalresponsetofairytalesandAndersen’sfairytales

’11linkingofthefair),tal髓predomillalltly

literatureof

fairyaSchildfen’sliterature,ofevenaschildren,ca肌0tbedefiIledaooommodateitsproliferationof0neuses锄dmeanings.Thetales“ca蛐otdimensionally,”柚din柚ycase,‘‘adultshavealways

talesforread,ccnsored,approved,锄d

7—3distributedtheso—called筋rychildrcn’’(Zipesa1).Asaliterarygenreforchildren,traditionalfairytaleshaveexcited

beenstlldiedbylotofcfiticalareSponses卸d

Varietyof

explosiVe

aream柚yarcsearcllerfora10nghistory.ReproducedindiscourSes,fairytaleSinthesecondhalfoftheare20血centu巧enjoyed孤asapopularity锄ongthepeople.FairytalesnowViewedVeryimpon锄tillthe6eld0fliteratllfe,psychology柚d

eVersociolog弘Researchersstudyfairytales丘omdifferentperspectiVeS.Marianotesthat:

Althou曲fairy

childhood觚dtalesarestillarguablethemostpowerfullyfo珊ativetalesofpe珊eatemassmediaforchildrcnandadults,itismostunusualto

cultunlfindthemdeemcdofmar百nalimponance锄ddismissed弱uIrwonhyof

criticalattention.Yetthestayingpowerofthesestories,theirwidespread柚d

aenduriIlgpopulafity,suggestthattheymustbeaddressingissuesthathave

si印ific柚t

therapeutic.socialfunction—whethercritical,conseⅣatiVe,compensatory,0r(xi)3

PsychologistBmnoBettelheimdaimsthatillplacein

an

fair)rtaletheinnerprocessestaking

as

indiVidual

are

extemal娩edalldbecomecomprehensible

representedbythe

丘guresofthestoryandits

eVents(25).Hedeemsthatli]keall铲eatart,fairytalesboth

so

deligllt

alld

instnlcI柚d

tlleirspecialgeniusisthattheydo

in

te咖s

whichspeak

directlyt0children.HealsobelieVesthatbydealingwithuniversalhumanproblems,panicularlythosewhichdeVelopillg

prc0伽py

thechild’smind,fairytalesspeakt0thechild’s

ego柚dencourageitsdcvelopment,、砸ile

on

at

thesametime

felievillg

preconsciousandunconsciouS

V0n

pressures(5-53).Based

Jun西锄ideas,M撕e.Louise

he0pensupthearclletypal

tothe

Frallzho埘s

diffe瑚lt

viewfromBettelheim

Bnln0,锄d

dinlensionoffairytalesstudi铭.F.ra北believes

0r

that,illcontrastherocsof

adVenturollssag弱,theheroes

heroillesoffai哆tales材e

abstmction—that

is,in

Jun舀antheof)r,archetypes(viii).

Aftermanyyearsofresearch

on

fairy

tales,Franz∞ncludes:one锄d

the

触lfa时tales如deavor

complexand

t0describe

S0

s锄e

us

psychic

fa%but

fact

so

far-reaChiIlg卸d

difficultfor

t0realizein

allitsdi圩crent

auspectsthathundreds0ftales锄dthous柚ds

0frepetitio璐w“h

musici柚’s

V撕ation

hlhis

aure

needcd

th如t11e

th锄e

isnotexhausted.

(2)

fairytalesusiIlg

b00l【,刀lP觑纪伊,.e纪砌刀D,凡z幻,砌正绻,FhIlz觚alyz∞some

fo姗ulawhichdiVides

tllesearchetypalstoriesintofollr

stages,namelytheexposition,

thepeopleiIⅣolVed,theupsanddo、vnsofthe

storyandtheritede

sortie(fjmishingof

the

story).

Heilbrunhasalsoaddressedthequestion0fhowthestoriescirculatillgillthecultm.cregulatetheliVesalldfashiontheidentity:

I七t

us

a伊ee

on

tllis:thatwelive

ollr

liVes

throu曲texts.11lese

tous,l像ethe

mayberead,or

chanted,or

exp两enced

us

ele咖nically'0rcome

fo皿edus

all,they

mothers,tellingthesestories

ofwhatconventions

have

mu珊u血gOfour

dem觚d.Whatevertheirf0珊ofmedium.

are

arewhat

whatwemust

use

tomakeollr

new丘ction.Outofoldtales,wemustmakcnewlives.

(109)

Heilbrunendorsesthenotionof

appropriating,reVising,andrevitalizing“oldtales’’iIlordertoproducenewsocialdiscoursesthat

c柚,iIltum,refashion

our

lives.

AnotherVoicecoulddetailtheuniquecontributionthatfairytalesc柚and

domake

上海师范人学颂l二学位论文

IntrOduction

tothechild’smoraleducation.Somefolkloristsbelievethatfairytalesofferlessons0ncon.ectbehaVio璐,adVisingyoungreaderson

howt0suaccedinlifc.Manyeducators

area

aCclaimthat

aSa

memberofchildrenliterature,fairytalesper|.ectt00ltoeducate

senses

andadaptthechildrentotheworldbyinstillillgpoliticalthem.

“Fairytales

helpschildren

to

0r

socialofValueinto

social

unconsciouslyacquire

humanwisdom,

conventions柚dm卸yVirtues”(Liu39).

ne

Grimmsinsisted

0n

thesacredqualityofthe

fa时tales

theycollected.11heir

航船e秒口以胁“s幽D纪砌胁,mal【es柚e肋n

tocaptllrethepure,anlesssimplicityofa

peoplenotyettaintedbythecormptinginnuencesofciVilization.“Thesestories盯esuffusedwiththesamepuritythatmakeschildrenappe盯somaⅣelousandblessed”

仁06-07),Whihelm

GrimmdeclarediIlhisprefacet0the

colle嘶on.Uke

the

G血皿s,

Dickenshailedthe“simplicity,”“purity,”卸d“innocentalsopraisedthetales

as

extravag孤ce”of

fairytales,yet

powerfIllillstnlmentsofconstmctiVe∞Cialization:

Itwouldbehardtoestimateits

way

the锄ount

these

0f

gentleness锄d

channels.

mercythathasmade

courtesy,

锄ong

us

throu曲sli曲t

F0fbeamnce,

considerationforthep00randaged,killd仃eatm锄tabho玎.cnccoftyrannyandbmte

of翘inlals,the10Veofnature,

force?m柚y

such900dthingshaVe

be明first

nourishedinthechild’sheartbythispowerfIllaid.(qtd.inMafiax哟

W.H.Auden

decreedGriInms’FairyTalest0be“amongthefe啊indispensable,

can

common-propenybooksuponwhichWestemcultufe

mucht0say,headded:“thatthesetales

befounded.”Itishardlytoo

r锄knexttotheBiblein

onon

imponance”(1).

Aswofksofan,researchershavedonelotsofstudies

ofliterature.FairytaleshaVeworthexploringillaspects

thisunique

fbm

andnature

aesthetics,anisticfeaturcs

aIldna玎ativecharaderisticsinrecenttwentyyears.Researchersl设eZhouXiaobo,HongXuntaohavefocusedtheirfesearchconsideredessentialthat

on

literar),觚d

aestheticalperspectiVes.ItisnowaIld

adults—parents,teachers

can

educators—be

well

infomedfbmsof

ab叫t

fairytales

s0

thatthey

helpchildrentobecomebetterreadersofall

literature.AndalsotheculturalheritagefiIldstheexpressioniJl

fa时tales,throu曲which

itiscommunicatingtothechild’smind;folkloristsandliIlguistsapproachfair),talesinways

gemanetotheirdiscipline.

1llthewestemworld,thepublicationofAndersen’sfairytalesiSsecondt0theBible;

上海师范大学硕士学位论文IntroductionwhileillChina,thereisnobookc锄exceedtheAndersen’sfairytaIesinthela玛eamountofversionsandpublishing.I—iHongyeremarks,‘‘T1lechculationandreadingofAndersen,sf缸rytalesiIlChinaisamostsignificantphenomenoninthehistoryofreading(19).

AChiIleseScholaronAndersen’sstudyeVerremarl【s,iIlme%fly20mcentury,withtheinfluenceofWestemcivilization,H.C.Andersen’sfairytalesjustspreadtoChiIla.舡e枷y嬲1913,zhouZuoren,chiefcampai印eroftheNewCulturalMoVement,alrcadyintroducedAndersentoChina.DuringtheMay-FounhmodemistEm,Chineseliteratimadeeverye肋nt0promulgateandpopul撕zehisf撕ytales,∞iIltrodudng彻d仃anslatingAndefsen,sfairytaleswerethenregarded硒amajorcultllralprojectillthe1920s.The1950ssawthepublicationoftheconlpleteworl【sofAnde硌eniIlalinesetr觚slati仰OaaoLa,“ontheStudyofAndersenillChilla’,).

hthe∞dyperiodoftime,ChilleseliterarycriticismaboutAnderscnwas伊eatlyinnuencedbytheWestemrealistictrendiIlthe19也centll巧.T0exposethe“ilsillthedarkoldsociety锄dtosympathizewiththetragicexperienccofthelowersocialstratabecameak弓ythemeinAndersen’sfairytales.Tbacertainextent,Chinesescholars’discllssion0fAnders朗卸dhisfairytaleswasalsOillfluencedbytlleD锄ish面ticGeo玛eBrandes.Realism锄dhumallitarianismwerethe押0basicpriIlciplesofaestheticsusedbyChineseschola塔,i.e.sin西ngtheprais鼯ofthetme,the900d,andthebeautiml,toc弱tigatethefalse,theu舀y柚dtheeVil.BeforeAndersen’stinle,manytaleswercbasedonfou【legend,whichweref盯f幻mrealityandne哲ectedbysociety.Anders锄w鹋thefirstt0explofethemesandmaterial丘omthesocialreality柚dletthetalestakerootsinthesoilofpeople’slife.nisisthe伊eat觚dimmonalcontmutionmadebyAndersentochildren’slitefatureeVerywhere.1111950sChinesewritersandtr卸slatofsof白irytalessuch硒YeJunjian,ChenBochui,etc.,wroteshortessaystocallontheyoungergenerationtostudy√‰dersen’sfairytalesandhismethodofcreatiVeworktoretumt0thetmlyrealisticwayofcreation.IllYeJunjian’sessaynamed“Anders即’sCreationofFairy1阻les,’’Ybsaid,‘‘Andersen’scfeationiSnotpreaching.EVerycfeationitselfisacompletewofkofan.Henevercasually鹏espersonificationforatableoracha远锄dneverr锄domlyletsthemspeakandactashumallbeiIlgsiIlordeftoreflectreality觚ddissemillatehisidea”(45).Andersenponraysthefairytalefigureswiththeir6

上海师范大学硕士学位论文

Introduction

owncharacteristicsandfcatllrcs,fullofVivid

柚dmany

fairytalefiguresponrayedbyAndersen

are

details肌dtme

to

l疵.Forexample,”neU誉yDuddiIl∥isponrayed懿the

personalexperienceandidealofAndersen.

触er

舶m

1980sthefese甜ch

on

Andersenandhis

fa埘tales

inChiIlahavekeptaway

thchistorical

can

criticism—toh动ly

beheard丘omliterary

singoftheworkingpeople锄d

critic娩ethe

capitalism.1t

theorists,critics锄dautho砖mentioningthe

philosophy

of

theme,l锄guage觚dartist巧iIl瞄erkegaard卸d

and

AnderSen's

worl【s.Combinedwith

A丑dersen’saesthetics,somecriticsattempttoelaborateanisticValue

0n

profb咖d

i埘IplicationsiIlAndersen’stales.1’lleynotethatb嬲ed

thechildren’s

Viewpoims,Andersenpaysanentiontothesubtle0fhumanbeillgsinmodemsoCiety.

Ⅵ,llileinthewestemworld,thereseardl

on

emotion柚d

thecomplicatedsitllation

theHansChristian

Andefsen锄dhis

fairy

tal髓diVersifies.Wrestemfemillists卸dwomenwriterSapproachAndersen’stal懿f如m

di蠡陀renthaVe

an酉es.Fbmillists

rcaders

focuscriticalattention

on

fairytalesandbreakthespellsthat

ench锄ted

oVer

for咖tllries.By

exposingtheroleoffairytalesillthecllltIlral

stm991e

gender'femillism

transfomsfairy-talestlldiest0

new

approach锄dsparl【s

debatethatwoIlldchangethewaysocietythiliI【saboutfairytales.Inaddition,some

schola璐t巧toanalyzeAndersen’sfairytales台om

themselves;

namtive

Andersenfull

structllreofstoriesthe

t0

somecritics

inte印ret

some

bold

stories

by

舶m

Jung’stllose

psycholo百calapproach.Ev’ensome

on

critics百Ve

demonstrations

interestingstoriesbased

Freud’spsychoanalysistheory;somecriticsemploy

M掀ism

Viewpointt0explainAndersen,sstoriesandmakeNowadays,youngerDaIlishscholafsmakesociologytorediscovefAndersen’sworks.

use

iIlteresting柚dValuableattempts.

oflingIlistic

disciplille,stmctllralism柚d

上海师范大学硕:士=学位论文

AndersenandHis

Fa时Tales

Ⅱ.AndersenandHisFail’y1’ales

2.1ABiogmphicalsketch

Andersen

was

on

HansChristianAndersen

upillOdenseofDenmarbtheonly

son

bom锄dbrou曲t

of

丘ee-thinl【ingshoemakef,butwaseⅡlbitteredbyhislackofAndersen’smothefw硒uneducated,sheopenedAndersenrecciVedlittleeducation,勰achildhewasof

forhis

fomaleducati伽.~thougll

son

theworldoffolklore.

l【illds

hi曲ly

emotional,suffe血gall

fears柚d

humiliationsbecauseofhistallnessandef诧millateinterests.Encouragedby

hisparentsheconl】posedhiso、釉fair),talesandarrangedpuppettheatreshows.His

fatherloVedliteratllre.“Myf乱her孕atifiedmeillallmywishes,”wroteAndersen

in砀P

凡毋死如可^秒£归.“lpossessed

As

hiswholehean;heliVedfor

me”(86).

Copenhag锄,but

teenager,hedecidedt0mal【ehisfortuneinthetheaterSof

whenhefailedheattendedsch001.After伊aduationill1827,hebe昏mhiswritiIlgc盯eerilleamest.AndersenwrotepublishedillAs

travelsketchandhis

poem“皿eD灿g

child,’w嬲

bom.

a3penhagen

joumal.Th朗thenextyearacollectionofpoemswas

novelistAndersenmadehisbreal(through

with刀论却,D协口幻rPill

boy’sinte伊ation

1835,thesto巧

wasautobio伊aphicalanddepicted

p00r

illtosodety,anU舀y

Ducl【lingthemeofself-disc0VeryinwhichAndersenfetumedinseVeralofhiswofl【s.

ne

b00kgailled

intem缸0nal

suCce豁柚dduriIlghis

lifeitremainedthemostwidely

readofaUhisworl【s.hl1837,Andersen’s

Andersen’sfamemostrests

noVel锄炒口尉砒舱,.w懿finished.

be锕een1835锄d

this锄d

asa

onhis而毋勋胁口耐跏晓譬,written

in

1872.砌f%乃纪加,.C死f艮打绷,appeared

small,cheapbool【letill1835.hl

followingeadycollections,Andersenretumedt0thestorieswhichhehadheard

child,but肿dually

hestanedtocreatehisowntales.T1lethirdVolume,publishedin

1837,contained“TheLittleAndersen’sotherbestC1ausandBig

Mermaid”觚d“The

talesare“Little

Emperor’sNewClothes.”Among

hown

U酉yDucl【ling,”“1meTinderbox,”“Little

Claus,”“P血cess

andthePea,”“T11eS玎owQueen,”“TlleNiglltingale”

锄d‘‘The

SteadfastTin

Soldier.,,With

thesecollections,iIlspiredbythe酽eattraditionof

上海师范人学硕:£学位论文

AndersenandHjs

Fa时Tales

2危e彳,口6砌行Ⅳf助窍andBfothersGrimm

thefatherofthemodemfairytales.

on

theotherhand,Andersenbecameknown

as

Be铆een

theyears

1840锄d

1857Andersenmade

adventuresin

jo啪eys

throu曲outEurope锄d

England,recordinghisimpressions锄d

numberoftraVelbool【s.Hewrote

histravelillgabroad,

锄d

rewrotehis

memoir§一劢P励毋死跆盯岣,三咖.DuriIlg

rel觚ed锄d

mamed柚d

Andefs朗wasabletobemore

receivedbyfamousanists,authors锄d

musiciansandseVeralheadsofStates.He

neVer

wasdeeplyenamored0fthe

ofhislifewasspentill

renownedsillgerJennyL血d,the“Swedishthehomes

Nightingale.”Much

of蚯ends卸d

helongedfor

familyofllisown.HediediIl1875,attheageof

seventy,afterlongillness,prcSumably

c柚ccr.His

lastfaifytaleswerepublishedin

1872.Thesecondcollectededitionof156fairytal%锄dlongerstoriesappeafediII1875beforehisdeath.

2.2The

gene髓lsurvey0fAndersen’sfairytales

A卫dersenw弱creditedwithwritingthefirStorigillalfairytheywerecalledliterarylakenfromlifc;every

tales(not

retellin曲,卸d

characterishavelmown

tales,

f;血y

tales.Hewrote

one

letterto

his衔end:“EVery

how彻d

one

ofthem,not

ofthemisinvented.1iSfamousforhis

th哪all”(qtd.inwullschlager

eitherofhisowrIlinventionfoll【talesretoldwith

0r

4).Andersen

based

0n

fa衄stories锄dother

are

fblkthemes.Severalofthem

traditionalcreditfor

Anders∞’s

stylisticembellishments.Heisoften舀Ven

illtrodudngtoDanishlitemtllrein

illf0皿al,idiomaticstylethatis

hadpreViouslylacked.

“ne砸nderBox’’锄d‘‘皿ePrincess锄d

folldore.“SwiIleherd”酉Ves

winniIlg

thePea”areexamplesofAmdefsen’swaywith

t0thef01心oreplotofacleversuitof

sources

simplehonictwiSt

princesshand.Andefsen90tothertales仃omlitefafy

aIldretoldinhis

ownwords,e.g.“TheEmperor,sNewClothes.”FinallythereillVentedby

are

thetalesAndersen

himself,oftenexpressinghisownyeanlingforsuccess,admirationandlove.

“ne

Snow

Queen”加d“TlleUttle

M锄aid”archismost缸lousworksusiIlgmagic

Soldier”projectsinto

Ducl【liIlg”is

fancy觚d

whichiswith

somefoll【talemotifs.“TheSteadfastTinromantic,tragicloVestory;“The

thelivesoftoys,

U甜yexpandedanimalfable

moralpaJticlllart0Andersen’sand

hean;“ne

IjttleMatchGirl”distillsto

pure

essence

l【indofsentimentalpathosthatoftenc010rsAndersen’sfiction.

Andersen,simponallce

asa

creatoroffairytalesis

inlmense.Whilebefore

him

fewfolk

卸thofs—CharlesPemult0f

France,theGrimmBrothersof

Gem锄y—collected

talesderivingf内morallore.UnlikeCharles

Pe仃ault卸d

asa

BfotherGrimms,Andersendid

not{ustwritedownthestorieshehadheard

hewent

on

child仃omhismotherand伊andmother’

t0composenewtalesofhisown.And

eV明when

heretold

an

excltlngstory’marriest0the

hemade

dr锄aticch卸geS.In“胁derl)ox,’’forinst锄cc,theP血cess

betterthanliving

haVe

s01dierattheendnotbeCauseshe10veshim,butforpracticalreasons:herparents

been

dead,锄d“Sheliked【beiIlgqueen】much

prisoner

ln

tllecoppef

palace,,(9).Andersen

hissmaU

haddonesomethiIlgradicallydi£I'ercntinthefairy’talegenfewith

h锄dfIll

ofstoriesabout

boldsoldiefwith

sword觚d

enchantedtinderbox;

call

俩0headstrongth】『0u曲呐enty

who

brothers;avefyrefinedandhypersensitiVepriIlcessmattTesses

feelthepea

and咐enty

eiderdownquits;aspidtedaIldcreativeUttle

Cla吣.t?Theheroes觚dheroinesiIltheGriⅡ1]m’tal%柚dothcrtrad“i伽alcollections

llSuallvmecttheirreward

on

eanh:they1【i11the酉强t,rescue

thepriIlce

or

p加cess'wm

killgdom,觚dlive

happily

ever硪er,’(砧ison4).Bycontrast,m锄y

ofAnderSen7sstones

cndullhappily.ThereadersmaybedearlyawarethatAndersenshowed

const锄t

enthusi勰mfortmgicplotsillhisrenowned

wo幽,

such

as“皿eRedShoes,”“皿eLittle

s0

Me皿aid.,,ccThe

mel觚choly

growiIlg

Snow

Man,’’“TheUttleMatchGirl’’and

as

0n?Dolorous

and

such

tragicplotStouchuponthemes

death,disillusio姗entof10ve,lonely

which

not

eX耐cnccs

锄d

bloody

all

pcnahzation,

only

reflect

author’scomplex?

Gerda

weather-beatenlifc,butalsogive

IIl

i11cisive锄d

Vividmustrationofhis

tra舀c

fewofhisbeststories,however,Andersenpr0VidedSnow

happyending.Little

iIl“ne

Queen,,res饥ed勋i

solid.When

fromtheicypalaceoftheenchaIltfess,wherehisheart

hadbeenf】的zenGerda,weeping,embraced

h妇,the

icyillhisheaft

dissolvedandtheyfeUintoeachother’s

a加s?

IllAndersen’snumerousfairytales,loveisthaIlthirtVstoriesmentionlove,whichaccountwithothers,mutual内manticloveisveryprota90nists

are

rare

subject

thatheusuallytalksof.More

1argeproportionofhistales.Compared

iIIAndersen’stales.Againandagain'hls

rcjected

indyingofthe

bythosewh0theyfaninlove,evenendingalwaysregaIded

as

dramaticpefsons.They

are

representativesoftra酉cconceptlonand

authoT.ForallhislifetiⅡle,

thesestoriestheValsosharetheunhappyexperienceoftheir

lO

上海师范大学硕士学位论文AmdersenandHisFairy’rales

AndersencontinuallyfcllinloVewithupperclassacquailltances,hehadalmost

no

or

titled

persons,thou曲hemade

many

romantic

success.

hspiteofmis,we

pursuitfor

are

stillabletofeelthespiritofsacIi6ceforloVeandinsistent

be卸tifulloVe

andmarriageallthetime.Asforthechildren,although

they

c锄notunderst锄d

whatt11eloveis,theystillremembertheUttleTinSoldierwho

undertakcsvariousfmstrationsbutisloyaltohis10Ve;theystillremembertheUttle

Memaidwhofulfillstheprince’shappiIless

seekforhappiIless觚dloVeinthe

regardleSs0fnlmillgintothe

f0锄inthesea;

theIbewhobriIlgsupthechildrenselflesslyfofherdeadloVef;Kenudewouldrather

dre锄at

costofhislifc.T1leseloVestoriestellchildrcn:

loveiswonhyyeanlingfor,howeVer,notallthe

loVe咖acllieVe

that“prillcc锄d

p血cesslivehappilyeVermer.,,Tme

10verequiresexperiencillg

toment柚dpaillstal【in舀

socialambition.EVen

andsometimesloVedoesnotmeangains.

reclln.entthemeiIlAndersen’stalesissocial

snobbery锄d

inanimate

objects

feelit:theDamillg-needletriestopassherSelfoff舔aSewing-needle,

锄dthe

Buckwheatconsidefsitselfsuperiortoalltheotherplantsinthe丘eld.ofAndefSen’s

Om

major

aChievementsishisabilitytocreateconvincillgStories

criticPaul

aboutinanimatecapadty

objects.缸FrenchHaz砌notes,“AnderSenis

ofthill笋”(qtd.in

flowe瑙and

asauce

uniqueinhis

for明terillgintotheVerysoulofbeings粗d

birds,butalsobugsand

one

Jon

eVen

13).Ill

his

storiesnot

only锄imalsandtoys锄d

household

objectshaveconlplex

h啪锄personalities.In

ofhistales

p觚觚d

bunchof

matchesrelatetheirintellectual

l讹stories,aIld柚eanhenwarepitcherproposesthatthey“have柚

entertainment”(962).In锄other

on

talea‘‘decent,respectableOldStreetLamp”

as

whoisaboutt0beretiredreflects

hislife.She“feltVerymuchsupera衄uated

eVer

baUet—d卸cer

whensheisdancingforthelasttime,锄d

1【Ilowsthattomorrow姐d

aftcrShewillsitaloneinhefatticuncaredforbythegenerous

chambef’moming,noon,姐dni曲t,unthou曲tof孤d

public”(352).

on

Andersen’stalesexerta酉eatinnuence

thecreationofthewriterssuch

as

Charles

Dickens,Willi锄Thackeray,0scarWilde柚dC.S.kwiS.Andersen’s

withthe

identification

unfortunate柚d

outcastmakeshistalesVerycompellingandattractiVe.Someof

Andersen’stalesreVeal

an

optimisticbeliefi11the

tri岫ph

ofgood

oVer

eViL

11

Ⅲ.IdeologicaI

ContentsofAndersen’s

FairyTales

Andersen’sfairytales

are

Vastly

di虢rent丘。m

traditionalfairytalesillthe

aspect。f

themestllatr打ely

appeari11

tothe

ide。l。百cal00ntents?Hepreferst。ch。。sesome

c。ntents柚d

仃aditionalfolktales?11hese

ideolo酉cal

contentsrevealAndersen,sownview

universe锄dhislifc,w血ich

constitute

distinguishingfeatllreinhis

fa时tales.

3?l

The‘‘CmeIty’’and‘‘Death’’theme

。11lou曲∞me

of舢ders明’sst嘶es

te盯ifying?Anders蜘may

are

brilli锄t觚d

movilIg,

most

are

sad.the

dis‘resslng

oreVen

haVebegunsome0fhis

that“.nley

fa卸taleswith

livedhappily

on

phrase“onceupontime…’’buthe

neVef

endsthemwith

exening

cver

aneL”T}a酉c

conlplexbecomes

ma百cpower

greatin丑uence

thecreation

ofAnderson’s

fairystories.XieJillqiuelevatesthe伊eatvalueoftragedy:

m柚dness

oftragedyrestswitllthe

si印i6cant

footStone:itsho、张a仃IIthful11umant0agaillst

presenta缸on0fthedarksideof

1ife,alld岫ablepeopJe

to

feel五rustrated粕d

in

depressedintheend?Tragedyu玛eswnlch

figllt

the伽eltyofd00m

when

pe叩le

are

capableofshowingt11eir

wills柚ddi印itiescon肋nted

of

丽th

Jn

the

fanure觚dtribulation.(24)

mainlyfoclls

0n

tnlspanthewriterwill

the

i11us咖tions0f柳。鹬pects

Andersen,s

tra西c

fairystories:c九leltyallddeath

seenas

CmeltyaIldViolencehaveoftenbeen

‘IIravers,theBritishwriterwho

the

creates^亿,),砌f

see

si俨atllre

0f

G锄卸f.a岫tales.but

are

findstheBrotherGriⅡlms,tales

dow盯I曲t

tamebycoⅡlparisontothestories

composedby

Anders如:

0ver

How皿IuchratherwouldI

wickedstepmotherboiledinoil.a】1agony0ftheUttle

inhalf

sccon‘i-th如beartheprotracted

theRed

Memaidortlle西rlwhowore

as

Shoes?髓ere,if

no

you

like,is咖elty,sustained,deliberate,contrived.

HansAndersenletsdemoraliziIIg.

b100d.Buthis

tonurcs,di唧ised

piety,aresubne,0f:ten

(229—34)

AndMariaalsostatest11at.

12

上海师范大学硕l:学位论文

Ideolo百cal

ContentsofAndersen’sFairyTales

WhiletheGrimmsmayboilst印motherilloil

or

sendthemdownhillsinban.els

studdedwithnails,theyrarelyallowchildrentoenduretorture.Andersen,bycontrast,promoteswhatmanyreaders

miglltperceiVe弱acultofsuffering,death,

觚d

transcendencefor

children由aled

oIllybywhatpassedforthespiritual

edificationofchndiIIPllritan

clllture.(212)

physical

distrcssandspirituala90ny

Nowhereistheeffont0eleVatetlleVinuesof

morepronouncedthanin‘‘T1leLittleMatchGirl,”whichiSstayiIlgpower,yet

stor),withrelnarkable

thecontrafy,

tale“hardly

desi印ed

t0

tobuoyspirit”(Maria212).On

of

AnderSenstrainshisVerbal

resource

constmct

aScene

abjectsufferillg.The“hun伊y

onIy

卸dshiVering”(344)heroine

inthestory’stitleisnotsubjected

to蠡reezing

temperature,shemustalsowitnessthegayfestiVitiesarolllldher(1i曲ts

shille

tllrougll

windows).Althou曲she

fctum

has

home(wiIld

whistlesthroughits

cracl【s),she

sure

daresnot

t0it,forshehasnot

e啪ed

sin舀epenny柚dr印orts

of

herfatherIt0beather.

Pmlctuatedwith

increasill酉y

urgentdroppingtemperature,AnderSen’s

na玎ationbuildsto

dimatic血ales

inwhichlittlematch

girlisembracedbyherdead

伊andmother(the彻ly彻ewhohadbeenbndt0her)(346).

JustwhydidAndersencompel髑toreadbody,”a

stor)rthatculn】血atesiIla“littledead

“Tofeel

酉d

“frozentoisthe

death.”

Be肌ettgives惦0ne粕swef:

肌thor’s

angIlish_this

What髓dorses

another’s

essencc

ofcompassion.HereiS

HansChristianAndersen’s

maste印ieCe,asinlple,仃agicstorythatstirspityineVerychild’shean”(124).

isoddabout

this酉oss

on

thetaleisthewayinwhichit

so

passionately

sto巧that“stirpit)r,’卸ddef.mesidentifkationwiththeVicti】咀(“t0feel

the

souI℃e

anguish")as

ofcompassion.Tbbesure,partoftheappealofthe

LittleMatchGirlisherilmocent

fra酉lity.GriffthhaspointedoutthatVinuallyallof

Andersen’scentralcharactersare“small,frail,morel设elytobefemalethanmale,aboVeall,delicate,anembodilIlentofthatinnocencewhichiscapacityfor

hamlessness,thatpuritywhichis

lust”(82).

one

Readersmayalsobedeeplydistllrbedby

ofAndefsen’smostfamoustales,“711le

“ttle

Memaid.”“Of

allAndersen’scharacters,itisprobablythelittle

memaid

whois

therealVinuosointheartofsilenttonglleisclltoutbytheSea

su饿ring’(Maria214).In

TheLittle

thistaletheheroine’s

Witch锄d

Me珊aid

giVesupherVoice,shedrinl【s

13

上海师范大学硕:}:学位论文IdeologicalContemsofAndersen’sFairyTales

potiondesignatedtoendowherwithlegsandfeelsa“two—edgedsword"piercingher

“delicate

body”(73)so

as

t0haVethechanceofattractillgtheloVeofprincewhomshe

丘rstsawathisbinhdayparty,buttheprincemarfiesofumequitedloVe,the

priIlcess.Aftersu仃eringthepains

me珊aid

dies

of面ef.Here

agaill,muchofthercpresentational

energyinthepassageis

ch锄neled

inthedirectionof

portrayillg柚gllish卸d

pain,

transfbr】幽gmonalagonyinto

transcendentalbeauty.Chshdanalsonotes:

Andersen’sstorydeViates

mafkedly舶m

the惦ualfairytales

fo珊ula.ne

heroillenotonlyenduresthelo豁0fhertongueandpaillfullowerbody

metamo叩hosisbutlosestheprillcc.Herhopesofunionwiththemanofher

dreamdissolVes,弱doseshe,into“foam

on

thewaves.”

(170)

water孤d

that觚

nere

emereal

is,however,partialrecompense.S00naftershe丑oatso垃sheisrescuedby

theair’—.wholiftheroutofthe

tellher

spirit卜-‘‘dau曲te娼of

immonalsoulmaystillbchersbeCause0仆er

You,poorlittle

suffe血g锄d

self-sacrifice.

memaid,have

(90)

suf托redandendufed,haVeraisedyoufself

into锄

∞rialspirit,柚dnowyollrown900dworl【smayobtainyou柚豳血onalsoul柚d

即tr锄ce

As

i11toHeaVen.

childtlleyare伍ghtened

andupsetbymany

te曲iIlg

stofiesAndersen’s,

especiallythoseinwhichTrod

ona

littlegm

misbehaves锄d

ishorriblypullished.“TheGirl

Who

IDaf’is

an

ex锄ple

ofhowa“pIDud

are

and锄gant"(694)childgetspunished

the

duet0herwrongdoiIlg.Balladsgirlwho

arc

sung“all

oVer

coun仃y,’about“the

proudyoung

trod彻the

loaft0

save

herprettyshoes”(694)柚d

storiesabout、717ickedInger

broadc蕊tthroughouttheland.Ingef’swrongdoingisthemostVileofa玎possiblesins.

on

Inordert0avoidhershoesbecomillgdirty,IIlgertreadsofbreadiIltothemudfor

natural柚dGod’s百lb-a

loaf

stepping?stone.As

result,IIlger锄d

hershoessinkdown

iIltothedarl【,muddymarsh,anddisappearf蛔mthefaceoftheearthtomaterializeintherealmofmarshwoman.

T1leProtractedagonytowhidlAnderSenrefersis

on

fulldisplay弱follows:

Hefdressw髂coveredwithclotsofnaStyslime;asnal汜hadwounditselfillher

hair卸ddan舀ed

oVer

her

an

neck;锄df如meveryfoldofher

dress柚u班y

toad

peepedout,bafl【inglike

asthmaticlapdog…herbackhadstiffened,herarms

andhandshadstif诧ned,andherwholebodywaslike

statueof

stone.She∞uld

14

上海师范大学硕:匕学位论文IdeologicalContentsofAJldersen’sFairyTales

onlyronhereyes,buttheseshecouldtumentirelyarollIld,s0shecouldbehindher,andthatw嬲ahorrid

acrossseesi曲t.Thentheniescame锄dcrepttoandf如hereyeballs.(696)

Theimageoflngeris

compellillgelementinthe

detailthatitbecomes

SheiSpemeatedwithnarratiVeene唱y锄dbecomesthemoststory.“T1le酉rl’sbeleagueredbodyiSdescribedillsuchloVingaa“shockin出yaestheticizeiC0nofchildsu疵rillg”(Maria214).pres锄tediIlherdeaththroes,丘omwhichsheisreleasedonlyaftefyearsof

istoment,wh明shetransfo瑚ediIltoabirdbytheprayefsofastranger.

In“T1leRedShoes,”themomentofKarcn’sdeepestpersonalde擎adationandsocialdis伊acecomeswhensheisinpe印etualmotion,afigureunable

thattoremoVetheredshoessi伊alherpride.ThedancingKarenissubjectednotonlyt0agon讫ingpaill,butalsot0publichumiliation,forsheisheldupasanexampleofmoraldepraVity:

“Danccyoushall,”saidtheangel,“danccinyourred

pale,untilyourskinshriVelsuplikeashoes吼tilyouarecoldandskeleton’s.DanceyoushallfIDmdoortodoor,锄datanthehouseswherethechildrenareVaill卸dproudyoushaUhocktilltheyhearyouandare台ightened.”(326)

by锄execIltioner,leavillgK.arenVinuallyOnly册cctheofkndillgliⅡlbsarecutoff

househollnd,istherehopeforsalVation.

Sendal【Mauriccisdisturbedbythe“disquietillgpassivit矿’inAnders锄’sbookforchildren.‘‘Athisw0瑙t,"Sendakco姗entsonAmdersen,“hedreadfullysentimentalizes

chafacterwitllwhichheendowschildren;theyr盯elyhaVespunkshrewdness,锄d

in觚:i】叽ateobjects”(33—34).IIltheLittleMe珊aid,theUttleMatchGirl,andIngerof“neGirlmo1'rodonaL0af,”hefindspanicularly“imtatiIlg,',surelyillpanofthesimplereasonthatthestoriesofanthesecreaturesendwiththeirdeath.T1leillustratorTrinaalsoobservesiIlrecollectingherchildhoodreading0fAndersen.“HisheroinesalwayswilldupgoiIlgtothebosomofGod(ifthey’regood),orelsethey缸eprayingofbeillgsavedfromHeubysomeoneelse’sprayers”(294).

tales,柚dtheAndersen’sstorieslackahappyending,illstarkcontraStt0otheffairy

her0柚dheroiIleperishattheend.Actually’oneofAndersen’smostbeloVedthemesis

aredeath.Thefe

sofewfigllresinhisworktowhomhefetumsmoreoftenorexaminesfromchildishm柚ydi虢rentall舀es.ButthedistiIlgIlishingthemeof“poeticdeath”has

上海师范大学硕士学位论文ldeologicalContentsofAndersen’sFa酊T“es

become

an

importantmeanstomanifestAmdersen’sVisionoftragedy.Inthefairytale

“TheAngel”ofl843,“Death”is

ljⅣerytime

pleas锄t

andhelpfultraVelingcompanion:

goodchilddies,oneoftheGod’sangelscomesdowntoearth,takes

thedeadchildinhis

ams,spfeadsouts

outhiswhitewings,andflies0Veranthe

placesthechildloVed,pickingwheretheywillbloom

wholehandfulofflowerst0beautifullythan

on

b血g

uptoGod,

ev胁morephilosophy

earth.

(227)

has柚

of

Andersen

f0姗s

hisown

towardsdeath,liketllelittlechildwho

etemityalleadofhim.Andersenhas锄unshakeablefaiththat

wholenew

fbm

existenceawaitshimwhenhisspirit,attheappropriatetime,wouldlivethehuskofhisbody.

hTheFair)rTaleofMyLifeAndersengivesaViVidexampleofthis

Itw硒on

sonofbelief.

momillgdurillgtheChfistmasholiday船Bregentvedestate.Athin

layerofsnowc0VeredthenagstonesaroundtheobeliskoutintllemanoI-housegardenandduringhismomiIlgwalk,Andersenusedthethesnow:‘Immoralityislike

tip

ofhis

cane

t0writeint0seeit.’

snow/Tbmorrowwe、Ⅳon’tbeable

Overthenextdaytherewasa孕eatthawfollowedbyh盯dfbst.Bythetime

bytheobelisk

Anders明was

on

once

againableto90outtostretchhis

legs锄dpass

hismomiIlgwalk,allthesnowhadmeltedexceptfofthelitⅡe盯eawherehe

hadwritteninthesnow

fewdaySearlief.Nowonlytheword“immorality”was

le百ble,andinhismemoirsAndersenwroteofhisicy,de缸sign:“1w硒deeply

moVedbythisincident,锄d

myVividthoughtwas:God,myGod.IhaVe

neVera

doubted.',And∞,with

waVeofthe

ma酉cwandinthesnow,heheld

fi加

belie£AndthedoserAndersencametohisowndeath,themoreimportant卸d

mCessaryitbecaⅡleforhin卜-usingmoreofless

on

heavy-h卸dedmethod卜_to

not

maintainhisbeliefthathewas

putrefaCtion.

hiswayto

sw讯resurrection加d

slow

(qtd.iIlJensAndersen538)

IIlfact,nearlyquite

fbw

best—hown

as

storiesbyAndersenculminateilldeath,butthe

momentofdeathisdepicted

distressfaint

or

gentleandpoeticeVent,withoutanysortofphysical

su舭rillg.IIl“The

GaloshesofFortune,”thereis

talkofpersonreceivillg

jointiIltheheanandthen“theliberatedsoulflieso伍onthewingsofelectricity”

Peer,”Andersenattemptst0combiIlescientificand

(116).Andill“Peitef,Peter柚d

16

上海师范大学硕:f:学位论文ldeologicalContentsofAndersen’sFaiDrTales

reli百ous

conceptsiIl

unifiedexpl柚ationofwherewehumancome

f如m觚d

are

going.comes

Illthisstorylifeendsfestivelywith“the伊eatbigkissofdirectlyfromthe

death”(981)which

Lord柚d

isso丘lledwith

tendemess锄d

solicitudethatyousiIIlply

disappearint0thel【iss,which),oufeellikebeingdazzledbythesun,whenever”hiIlg90esblackbefbreyoufeyes.

“Dre锄’’is

oRenemployedbyAndersen

asan

import柚tme卸sdepictingdeathillhis

fairytalesskllfhlly.“Underthe

Willow

1七ee”isthemostoutstandingpuppetloVestory

ofAndersen.TheprotagonistKenudesleepsalongwithhisloVelomdistress.1nKenude’sspifitualworldthefeisstillliviIlg

girlhehascaredfor

thou曲helost.Illthehopeof

sweetlove0c嬲lrredduringyouth,heisf|ustratedbyhis10ve.Hestilldreamsofthelittle

hardfact:hehasbeenforgottenby

girl-Joh锄naaIldwonderfIlltimetheyspenttogether

illthepast.InordertogethisloVeforretum,hewouldratherdfeamthanwakeupinthecold

winter.弛allyhc

is仃0zent0deathbeneaththewillow

tree!nougllKe肌deis

Gifl’’一the

dead,his

hisSwect

dream如ables

himtofeel“themostwonderfulhourof

life”(499),sincc

10ng甜lerishedwish

hascometme.Andalso

iIl“neUtlle

Matchlittlematch

庐1wall【sthrougll

cold卸d

mestreetwithbarefeet

are

on

thelasteVenillgoftheyear.ShiveriIlgwith

one

hunger,herhands

almostdeadwithcold,howmuch

littlematch

mi曲t

wa册her.And

scenesone

thenshehasstnlckthematchforfourtinlesiIlall,thefcare∞splendid

inherVisionof

after趾other

bri曲t

n锄e:a

greatbrassst0Ve;t11e910rious

r0弱tgoosewith

lasttinle,she

lmilballdforkinitsbrc弱t;themost

be肌tiful

Christmastree;forthe

evensees

her鲫d粕dbeautifIll铲andmotheL

inher

-“Shetooktlle

little酉darⅡls,觚d

up

bothofthemnewiIl

bri曲tness卸djoy

aboVetheeanh,very'veryhi曲,舳dthefewasneithercold,norhunger'nor

fea卜-theywerewithGod”(346).OntheNewYbarSday,thelittleghl“仃ozentodeath”

(346).Both

readers

Kenudeandthelittlehavefound

match百rl

dieintheirsweet

dre锄s,on

theirface

never

su虢ring

anddistressiIlsteadof”smilingmouth”andhappilless.

The“death’’themehasbeendissolvedintheir

Andersendeemsthat“Death’’isnot

sweet柚d

beautifuldreams.

painfulaIldtraumaticendillgt0

life

but姐

optimisticandpromisiIlgbegiIlning.W色fmdillAndersentheancient,pfimitiVebeliefofthe

hum柚being弱aseed

uses

thathaStobeburiedinordertoriseupfromdeath.Throu曲out

ofrenewal.”He

hisworl【s,heexpressionssuchas”thelifeofdeath”柚d“the柚gel

17

上海师范大学硕七学位论文

Ideolo酉calContentsofAndersen’sFair),Tales

regardsdeath

asa

releaseforthe

one

whohas

su虢red,柚d弱a

newchanceforthe

JensAndersen

one

whohasfailed.“Oureanhlylifehereistheseedof

as

etemity”(qtd.in539),

itsaidinthepoem“TlleOldM柚,”whichAndersenwroteinthelastyearofhislife.

hadwritten

scores

ForthefIllleralsIIl

ofhis师ends觚dacquaint柚ces,Anderscn

ofpoems.

are

songwrittenforthefuneralofoldFuCollinin1845,hewrote:“0hDeath,you

nota

radiant锄d

shadow”(qtd.inJe船Andersen539).1t

throu曲out

the

iSthislife-缸商rnlillgViewof

back

as

deaththathasextended1822,in

Anders%’slife锄dworks.Even弱far

Andersen

his“YDuthfulAttemptS”theseVenteen-year-old

almost

expressed

his

unpenufbed锄dexpect锄t

viewoftheendoflifc:“Deathissweet,deathisthe

reward/F0rtheangIlishoflifc…”(qtd.inJensAndersen540).

“ne“ttle

loveof

Me珊aid,,’ill砌chtheheroiIlegivesupherVo妣andagreesthateVery

0n妊Ves,s0嬲t0

haVethe

on

stepshetakeSwillfeellikewalkiIlg

ch觚ce

board

ofattractingtlle

princewhomshe6rstsawathisbinhdaypartyship.But,like

princess.Ifthe

wellbomyoungmanandwomanwhomAndersenloVed,hemarfies

little

memaid

plungestheknifeilltotheprince,Shean,herfeetwillchangeillto

fish,S

tailandshewillbeabletoliveouttherestofherdays弱a“bent

me珊aid.HoweVer,shejust

dies

down柚d

l(issedhisshapelyforehead,”and“lookedatthesha叩knife”,but“his

thougllts

wercallfor

hef[prillcess],,(88).ne

th锄des仃0ythepure

Li钍le

Me姗aid

of咖ef,but

after

deathsheis

tmsfigllred.Whatshetri髓to

over

buildisherwIorldofpe疵ctloVe,where嬲she

and

wouldratherself-sacrifice丘omher,farout

the

pe疵ctloVe.nerefore,“she

memaid

protectsthe

nungit

waves”(88),actIlally,the

littlememlaidh硒gottheinlmortal

Soul,tllou曲she

rose

upoutofthefoam.Thelinlep血ce’s

happiness,indoingso,shegivesupherlifcin班ef.wremayconcludethather

compassionatespirit.

benevolent锄d

Even

tolerantdeedselevateherloVeillt0little

universal觚d

thou曲the

memaidlosespem柚ently.

herloVeandldb,shegaills伊andeuruniVersalloVe

andsoulpeacefullyand

Althou曲these

storiesendwithdeath,theydon’tpresentthemselVesillthe

fom

of

cmeltyand酉00m.OntheC0ntraⅨdeathistotallyoVershadowedbytheetenlallife.This

l【indoffinaletotallymeetsthedeaths

majority

of

readers’psycholo百cal

expectation.Tllleirdeath.”Deathis

becomewhattheculturalhistorianshavecaUed“beautiful

allowedt0eme略eillthefairytaleswithquietandcalmmanners,forthesakeof“舀ViIlg

18

上海师范大学硕士学位论文IdeologicalContentsofAJldersen’sFhiryTaJespeoplerestingC0nclusion”(Matsumura25).

3.2The“BiblicalConsciousness’’theme

舡itishowntoall,bothCllristi锄ity卸ditsclassicwork—theBiblewhich

anprovideswestemliteraturewithnumerous仃easurcaIldiIlexhaustiblematerial,play

BibleimponalltroleiIlthehistoryofwestemwodd.Exceptits0wnlitera巧wealth,the

providesinlpon柚tpattems觚dmanyVarjousmaterials,forthetypc,theme,f0加andnallfationt0westemliterature.TheliIle

liIleintheprocessofwestem

suspend.c0衄ectedliteratIlrewithtlleBibleisthemainlitefatIlre,锄dithasbeenstretchiIlgtotoday,neVer

BesidesnoVelist,dramatistandpoetiIlfluencedbytheBiblearetoonumeroustobementioned.Andals0thisiIlnuencecomesimofairytales,whichalsoaboundinmotif.ItiswofthmentioniIlgthatreli西ousbiblicalAnders锄’sfairytal瞄盯eofthesamenatureasmotif孤d

arethereisacloserelationshipbe觚eentheBible锄dtllewofbofA丑dersen.皿eymailllyattributedt0thefollowillgtwoaspects,i.e.Andefsen’swonderfIllquotations丘omtheBibleandthematicpatteminflu胁cedbytheBible.TllleBiblecan百VeAndersen锄endlessinspirationftomthepoint、,iew0fC11ristianitydualism,itsclllturalValue弱

toweU弱itsanisticattraction.T1lerefore,itisof伊eattheoreticalalldpracticalValue

仃acetheinfluenceoftheBibleupontheworl【sof

essenceAnders皿objectiVelyso舾t0伊弱ptheofideas柚dthefegularpattemofwritingingenefaUy.

Tb0ur蛐叩fise,alargenumberof

relatet0theBible,e.g.Lord’sVocabulary卸dexpressionsinAndersen’stalesprayerS锄dhymnsoftenappearrepeatedlyinAndersen’sfa研tales.Andinsomestories,AndersenappliedthebiblicalelementStechnicany,eVendirectlycitedthesentences仃omtheBibletoconstmcthissto巧plots.Hencethesetalesare衄ledwithChristianflavorandconveyAmdersen’sreli西0us岫derst柚ding觚dconsciousness.Andersen’sabundantbiblicalquotations卸dpr0Verbsnot0nlydeepenhisfairytales’themesbutalsostren舀henuniVersalphilosophyandpoeticnaVor.AndefsenandhisfaifytalescreateabeautifuIa11danisticworld,whichiIldicatesafi姗belief.“Retumtoothers’hatredandlieswithloVeandtnlth”(Rudolf124).

AndersenwasbomiIlDenmarkiIlthe19mcentll巧.ImmersedinthestrongChristianculturalback伊ound,Andersenandhisfamilywereillnuenced伊eatlybyChristianity.19

上海师范大学硕士学位论文IdeologicalContentsofAndersen’sFairyTaJes

’I.hatAmdersenbelieVedinGod

ls

be),0nddispute.Hesaid

so

in

no

uncenaill

te咖s

atthe

be舀nning

eVerything

of刀lP助毋勋跆D,^秒L谚when

t0

tall【ingof

1【indGodwhowill

b血g

therightconclusion.Thepublicationofthe

Verysimilarstatementalongwith

fa研tale“A

Leaff幻m

Heaven’’containsreferencctobiblicaltextof

comparable船turetllatdeepensthemotifofthistale,inwhichJosephsayst0llisbrothers

whohaVeopposedhim:“yethoughteVilagainstme;butGodmeantituntogood,tobrillg

t0

pass,弱itistllisda矿’(Genesis50).Thequotationisslightlyadapted,tllecontinuation

aliVe”beingomitted,whileAndefsen’stextstans

“tosavemuchpeoplewith“the旷’

rather

th柚“ye.”

Quite

fcwAndersen’sfairytales

are

considefedt0bethe

reli舀ous

faith-related,

including:“TheGifl

WhoTrod

on

theLoaf,”“AStoryFromtheSand?Dunes,”“GodC柚

NeverDie,”“T1leChildintheGrave,”‘‘Atthe

Uttemost

PansoftheSea,”“The

Bell-Deep,”“neMarshⅪng’sDau曲ter,,,“neRedShocs”柚ds0伽.

“AttheUtte珊ostPansoftheSea,”Andersenemployed“NorthPole”to

thedestinationthat

symbolizenaVigation

their

hum锄beiIlgs

are

explo血g.After

beillgsand

are

enduring

long-tem

柚d

thetenible

c硫umstance,hum柚

stillnotablet0

discover

destiIlation—-the

bo岫dariesbe腑eenl锄d

sea.Hum加beillg’swills柚d

capacity

havebeen伊aduallyencfoachedillthispursuit.Atthatmomentproducethese

hum柚beiIlgs舳tllfally

dowesuf琵r

dollbt:、Ⅳhydowechoosesuch

VoyageatthebegiIlning?Why

us

di伍cIlltieS觚d

hardship?、釉y

resort

doestheGodtreat

to

so?0bse鼹edwiththese

questions,humaninevitablyholy

reli酉on

forcomfon

andre弱surance,isnecessaryfof

especiallyinwestemcountriespfofoundlyinfluencedby

Christi锄ity.It

humant0gaillGod’sdirectionandconsolation.GenerallyspeakiIlg,thosesublimewordswrittenilltheBibleoftenpr0Videhumanwith

prodi百ouscons01ation,just

likewhat

Andersenreferredtoinhisworl【S:“lfItakethewillgsofthemomiIlg,anddweniIlthe

utte皿ost

hold

pansofthesea;EVenthereshanthyhandleadme,andthyrighthandshall

spiritualcomfonis!Tlllerefore,stimulatedbythis

me”(Psalms13).whatso伊eat

illspiration,theyoungmaninthestorycloseshiseyes,fallingasleepwithhope.Thcsweetdreamscomewithsleep,withillhiscometnle

one

dre锄,all

theniceandhappythingseVentually

afteranother.

上海师范大学硕士学位论文

Ideolo酉cal

Contents

of加dersen’sFair),TaJes

Herein,AndersenextolsGodwitllhis孕.catpassion:“Andallw弱darknessinthesnowhut;buttheBiblelaybeneaththesailor’shead,whileheaIt.Godwaswith

faith卸d

hopedweltinhis

partsofthe

hopethen

him锄d

hishomewaswithhim,evenatthe

embodies

une珊ost

sea”(526).Asfar弱Anders明isconcemed,God

rather

ccrtaill协th卸d

lifc锄d

th柚merely锄abstractconceptof“God.”AndersenreViewedallhis

said:‘‘God咖direct

good.nis

479).

Anders髓、7l,ould

dif诧rcntorientations,whatevefhappened,eVer”hingseemst0be

w硒deeplyrootedillmyheart卸dmakesmecheerful”(1983:320).“l血mly

belieVetllat900dluckisbomoutofnlisfortllIle,suffe血g

produces

happiness”(1983:

alsolil【et0placellisheroesandhefoinesintodifferentadVerse

situation,辄虢ring

momls.WefiIld锄d

thetwistedprocessofheadingfor

success卸d

pursingtheirhappiness,

enablingthemt0make

sman锄dgood

choices

on

thebasisofmoralcriterion——Christian

thesestoriesfollowedthe仃iplication0fthe

Red

Christi弛motif

0na

ofsin,gllilt

Bible

aton啪ent,such弱“ne

Shoes”觚d‘‘The

GirlⅥ,lloTrod

L0af.”ne

says:“ms

cordsofhis

owniniquitiesshalltakethewickcdhimself,卸d

heshallbeheldwiththe

sills”(P约Verb5:22).It

seemsdear仃omtheBiblethatitiSVanitythatcau∞s

0na

themostawfulresult,amonalsiIlillalristiantradition.Theredshoesgoowillgt0herVanity,eVenwhentheirownertale

no

d锄cing

10ngerwantsto,thusmakcs

the

mot正舡inthe

tale

of“neGirlWhoTrod0n

L0af,”theprota90nist

fa埘alsosu彘瑙

real

白0mthesinof

V柚ity,while

punishmentforthisl【indofhubrisfllnctions弱amotifin

Andersen’stales.

h“TheRedShoes,’’foriIlst柚cc,whatKarendoesissacrilege

athermother’s

funeral:shewea塔redshoes.SheisstillinIlocent,howeVer,sillccsheh弱noothefshoesthantheclumsyred

ones

thattheshoemaker’swifehassewnforheroutofleft-oVer

piecesofdoth.Butinthesecondguiltyof

inst觚ce,aftertherichladyh弱adoptedher,sheis

deception.Whyme锄time

isthis?

Illthe

sheh硒seen

priIlcesswearingredmoroccoshoes,and

she

inlagillesherselfintheprincess’splace.IIlfactshehasbothredshoes.And

rich

mother柚d

pairof

wh锄she

gets

aa

richfostermotherinlmediatelyafterthefunefal,shelargepartinit.Butherfostermotherdoesn’tlikethe

belieVesthattheredshoeshaVered

shoes柚ddoesn’tallowhertowearredshoestogoto

church,but勋rendeceives

the

21

oldladytobuythatpairofredshoeswhichtheredshoesrepresentshoes

even

are

are

thesame

as

theprincesshaswom.SiIlcc

wish,awishtohave

new,betterandrichermother.’11lered

iIldispensablefor

l缸en.勋ren

isthinl【ingofhernewmoroccoleathershoes

sheisiIlchurch.

Accofdillgt0thestoryl(arencommitstllreesills:shedeceivesherfostermotheraboutthecolofoftlleshoes;shewearsredshoestoherwearsthemagaillforHoIy(=ommunionforbidden.p选aresult,sheis

confimation:觚d血allV

exh肌stion,姐d

she

week

later,althougll

inthemto

ithasbeenexplicitly

onlVsaved

conde砌ed

to

d锄cc

whensheasksthelocalexeclltionertoChopo饪her

feet诵tha)【e.K缸锄’s

realsillisthat

shewantst0showomThismustbeduetohervanity.

Thus勋ren

soldier’smakes

triplicatesher

siIl柚d

hergIlilt,atriplicationthatisminoredillthe

shoesfor

triple

remarl【s:“0h,what

be跏tiful

d锄ciIIg’(325).~soGod’sangel

tllree印pear卸ces,twiCet0rcfIlseKarcn’scntranceilltothechurch,thethirdtime,

howeVer,t0briIlgthechurcht0her,弱asignofT1lismakes“7111eRedShoes”asto巧wimmotifofsinandatonement.

for西veness

afterKaren’satonement.

fai巧-talemotif,combinedwiththeChristi锄

ne

othertalesofthesame

motifis“neGirl矾oT'rod伽a【0af,”about

on

a‘‘proud

卸danDgam”child

calledIIlgerwrhotreads10af,a

storyaboutvanity弱well.Inloafofbreadintothemudfor

loafofbread.As

ordertoaVoiddinyiIlghershoeshgertfeadson,throws

steppill分stone,锄dshowscontemptfbr,natllralGod’s百ft,a

resultof

thiswastefIllbuttriVialwhere

act,Inger锄d

herShoessiIlkdownilltothedarl【,muddymarsh,

she血dsherselfin

livillgfilth;itwas

foul?smellingcave:

Filledwithnoisome

so

toads卸d

slimysnakes:UttlehgerfcUamongant王lish0仃id

icycoldthatsheshudderedn。omheadtofoot,andherlinlbs

toheffeetanditdrewherdown.

伊ewquite

sti位neloafstuckfast

(695)

OnemightthiIlkthatnearlymillorsill.After

centllryillheUis豫ther

heavypunishmentforthis

900d01d

m柚y

ye掷,hgeronlyescapes仇粕thetoads肋d如akes.A

child锄d

readyt0

wom觚,on

believes

herdeathbed,remembershea血lgIllger’sstory弱a

always

are

pitiesher.She

thathum锄beillgs

Red

be百Venone

ona

morechancctoc0Ⅱecttheir

youngsillnefs

are

sins.In“neShoes’’aIld“ne

Girl

Who

Trod

L0af,’’the研o

seVerelypunishedwithiIlthe丘ameworkofthestories.Tlllefirst,withtheamputationof

her

feet:柚d

thelatter,withetemalconfinementinthe

both

are

comp锄yof

theDeVil’smerciless

great.伊柚dmother,yet

t0rehabilitatethemselVes

giVenvarious0pportllllities

untilatthevervendofthestoriest11eyare铲antedabsolutionthe

througll

self-knowledgeand

to

faith’hope,柚d

charityof0thefS.Provcfbsaysthat:“ltis

is

His苕ory

can

p弱s

overa

tr狃sgression(19:11).This

redthreadinAndersen’sworb:all

be

for酉Ven!

Butasafairytalepoetwhoexperiencedhardshipoflifeandundenookloftytask,

Andersensp缸ed

n0

e怕ns

to

d印ict

vast

andcomplicatedreall洫,inpurI)oseof

spreadillgtheseeds0f

love卸dkilldnessint0children’shearts.Usually,Andersen’s

literanrwofksrenectthenotionofthekevtheⅡ坨thatAndersenwas

love,beneVolencc,fb晒Veness.The

uniVersalloveis

trying

t0conveyiIlhisworksallalong.Andersen’sfaith

锄abled

himto

fi姗ly

believemere

are

10ve,beauty柚d

killdnessintheworld,s0his

heanwasfilled

wim伊atitude锄d

hope.“l锄ashow

luckychild;nearlyallthepeople

lheir10vetomesincerely,whichrarelymakcsmelosecon丘denccinhearnobleheans蕾romhumble

human瑚turc?lc柚beating’(1983:320)?

peas锄tS觚d

honorableafistocrats

ThusthisHndofsensationconstitutesby

distiIlctchamcteristicofAndersen’stalesmafked

RomanticViewofSinceitis

hum锄ity.

thatrelatest0

Christi锄ity

loveis

10ve—allthehostilityandfaults

caIl

be

dissolved,卸d

tie

c0皿ectillgeverytllinginhannony.Wre

c趾铀d

S0

much

advicc卸daphorisms

thelawisftllfillcdiII

aboutloveintlleBible.T1lebookofGalatiallssayS:‘”nlatforall

one

word,eveniIIthis,youshallloveyollr

ne逗hbors

as

yourself,’

佑:14).nesethou曲ts

upon

thereal

Cllristiamdersen.And弱far弱we

th锄to

acclaiⅡl

caIl

hadundoubtemyexenedprofound锄d

suCceedin

pemaIlent谳luence

thewaytothe

finding

is

LoveinAndersen,sstoriesillolu6rstenC0unterswiththem,whichchildh00d,wewmresumereading

our

waybackin

firste)【citementarousedagamby

the伊eatlovegailledintilIle.HoVma皿onCe、)l,rote:

Love

release,save,redeemand丘eethe

little

soul一百Ve

giVenetemal

itetemal

life,

衄ortal“y.e.g.the

of

memaidwho

maybe

life劬m

or

thelovc

human,or’iIlthe

case

ofthefairies,by“atearofremorse

10vefofInger

empathy缸om

Tfod

on

thehumanhean,,,the卸gel’s

tears,which

ill“neGirl,Wh0

thc

Loaf’一?Gerda,s

tllaw勋y’s舶zen

heanin“11heSnowQueen”or

theetemal?

So玎ow,stearin‘‘TheLastPead,’’thepearlthatliftsthesoultowards

上海师范大学硕士学位论文

IdeoJogic址Contents0fAndersen’sFhiryTaJes

(95)

“LoVe

su疏reth

long,andisl【ind;bearethanthingS,belieVethallthiIlgs,hopethan

thin铲,endurethallthings”(Corinthians13).In“whattlleOldM柚DoesIs舢ways

Ri曲t”tclls

of

story

about卸old

peasant90estothe

town觚d

makcs

900dba塔ain

withmshorse.Butheexchangeshishorsefof

cow,exch柚ges

thecowfor

sheep,the

She印for

900se,thegoosefor

fbwl,缅allyheexchangesfor“awholesackofrotten

appl髂forpi笋”(816).AndthentheoldpeaS柚t吼terstheiIln.AftefheariIlgthewhoIe

stoⅨ押oEn舀ishmen

makebetsthattheold

peas锄tmustgct

goodbeatingfromhis

oldwomanwhenhegetshome.HoweVer,theoldpe弱antiscertaillthathewillgetkisses,

notpoundillg.Theygettotheold

m柚’s

hut.Just

as

whatthe

peas锄tpromises,whenhe

tallcstohiswifeabouteVerybargain,hisw豇le

hi曲lypraiseswhather

husb卸d

has

exch柚gedfor:“Th觚k

Godforthe

lmust

milk,’(819).“Thatcenaillly垂ve

isstill

bett盯’(819).‘‘nat

m柚.

w私a

丘鹏t豫de”(819).“ThenEn蛋ishmen盯e

you

a虹ss”(819).Of

cou玛e,the

quitecontenttopay

largeamollIltof90ldpiecest0theold

Andersenmade

conclusionwith

me卸ingful

sentenccinthis

fa埘tale:“Yes,it

m卸in

the

alwayspayswhenthewifcbelieVesa11dadmitsthatherhusb锄disthe、Ⅳisest

world柚d

thatwhateVcrhedoesis

ri曲t”(820).whatAnders锄triesto

expfesshereis

loVewithiIlthe

f抽ily

and

mafriage:loVe啪be

wo塔e锄d

heldtogetherbytotalacceptanceof

eachother,appreciationofeachother,tnlstofeachother锄d

considerationofeachother.

砧thou曲meoldpeasaIltmakesbargain

oVer

worse,yethe

on

just

conside璐forhis

cven

wifewithallhisheart.HethiIll【s

eVerything

thebasisofhisfamilylife

thoughhiswayof100kingatthingsseemst0beridiclllolls.ShehaSoftenSaid:“‘Ifwe

onlyhad900se.“Nowshec锄haVe

one”’(815).neoldcoupleiscontentwithwhatattitlldestowardsthisworld.

thelifeendows.711leycherishtheir黟atefIll

hearts姐d

afc

Perhapsthey盯edccliningintheirlives,whiletheyT1latist0say,the

sense

stillretainiIlgtheoptimisticspifit.

ofsatisfactionwiththeirliVesroots

de印lyintheoldcouple’s

hean,notrestrictedbymaterialpossession.Themutllalbetweenthe

toler锄ce趾dunderst觚ding

husband锄d

wifcis

s0

beautifulthateVeryonelongsfor.

AnderseniSalwaysengagedilldes鲥bingsuchcharacters:tlley

afe

willillgto

sacrificcthemselVestohelpothersfulfiUtheifwishesandtogainthespiritualhappiIless

atthecostof

self-denial,thomybutready.Throughout“T1leOldStreetLamp,’’a

story

上海师范大学硕士学位论文IdeologicalContents0fAJldersen’sFair),TaJes

deVelopsitsplotsreVolVingaIDundthismotif.

Al【indlamphasdoneitsdutyformanyyearsandwhichisnowgoillgt0bediscafded.TllisisthelasteVeningitgiveslightt0t11estfeet.’11lelampdfeadstobethrown

out,加dtoitssonDw,thelampwillbesepamtedfromthe

watchman锄dwatchm柚is

lliswife

whomithascomet0considerpanofitsfamily.Fortunately,thekeepthe

allowedto

lamp,锄dtheoldlampliveswiththecoupletogetheragaill.The

watchm锄tall【s

ofanhisl“.ewhenheh弱gonethrouglltogetherwiththe

l锄p

illraillandsnow.Healso

rcadsstoriest0hiswife.ThedepfessedoldlaⅡlpwishestokeepthecouplebright.One

wam柚d

day—it

ist11eold

watchm觚’sbinhday—the

it妒Vesligllt

0ldwomangoest0lightthe

lamp.ne

old

l锄pfeelsS0

happybecause

fortllecouple

again.nelampis

bumillghappily.AfIerthat,thelamphas

bemelteddowmandcastiIlto

as

dre锄thatitselfis

sentt0the如onfoundryto

beautifulironc卸dlestickill也ebeautiflllroomof

poet.“Icouldalmostwisht0bemelteddown!Butn0,theyloVemeformyself.1amtheir

child,锄d

Illtheend

theyhaVecleanedmeand酉Venmeoil.Thatissomethingreallyelegant”(358).

Anders蚰C0ncludeslil【e

enjoyed

this:TheoldlampwasneededonlybytheoldC0uple.moreinner

And丘ommatdayon,itpeace,卸d

thatthemodestold

l锄p

wen

deseⅣed”(358).

The

honest柚d

kind

l锄p

deservesthistreatment,bccauseitwould

togivethanto

rather酉Veli曲t

t0othcrsthanbumitsel£“ltismoreblessed

reccive”(ActS20).Fof

cveryonewh0isreadyt0spirit0f

s枷fice觚d

giveforloVeshoulddeseⅣe

i皿efpeace.nis

hum柚

dedication—givillg

m卸10viIlg

uptheirownhappinesst0fIllfinotllcf’shappiness,andthemselVes,isnot0nlythemostpreciousVinueof

10ViIlgothersrather

柚daperfect

portrait

ofhum锄natllfe嬲well.

nelove

ofJesusisself-sacrifice,sotnleloVeshouldnotbeembodiedinpossession

butfulfillmentof

other’s而sh.Andersen’s

rose

another

story一“11le

World’s胁est

on

Rose”

fullydemonstfates‘‘theisthewond’sfairestwhich

thatsprang五romthebloodofcllristshed

rose

the

cross”(439)

rose.nis

enlbodiesloveofself-sacrificeandloVeofperpetuity,

alsocall

differs舶mmund锄elove.nislove(we

of

tr柚scendentalloVe)ori酉nates

tiIIle,persisting

rose

五romiIlnuenccof“notionoflove”illtheBible.It:ill

c锄surpassdeath柚d

di伊ity

faith.Whatever

themostgloriousflowerSinQuecn’sgarden,orthe

rose

的mthe

cof!£inofRomeo锄dJuliet,orthe

thatistheexpressionofthebri曲test柚d

上海师范大学硕士学位论文Ideolo百cal

ContentsofAndersen’s

Fair),1ues

pufestloVeb100msthat

on

thecheel【sofsweetchild

on

afe

notunabletocompetewith“lherose

sprang肋m

thebloodofCllristshed

tlleaDss.”To

singhiglllyofbndness,

beauty锄dloveistobecomethemainmotifinAndersen’sfair),tales.

3.3The‘‘Female

Quest”theme

of

Fairytaleshavebeenaltematelycritic也ed弱inherentlysexistfepositoriesoffemiIlinewisdom.ThispartIlowoffersquestionofgenderinAndersen’sfairytales,foclIsingwhichwomen盯eportrayedin

case

on

celebrated弱

on

feministperspect沁e

the

thenarfatiVe

strate西esthrougll

stlldy

of“Thumbelina”illordert0analyzepr0VocatiVeinterpretation0fAnders锄’s

Andersen’srepresentation0fwomanandoffertales.

33.1

Mainstemo锣picalcha瑚cteristicsofhemine

inclassicfairytaI髑

Literatureis

productofideology,whichmusthaVereflectedtheacceptedsocial,

oftlleirdaySconsciouslyreflect

or

nomal锄dreli百ousstandardscome舶moldfolHore,锄d

experi明ce.However,弱one

unconsciously.Fairytales

shared

hum锄beings’collectiVewisdom觚d

panoftmditionalcultllre,fairytaleshaVebeen:inlp血tedby

m觚

patriarchalideology.Aspsycho锄alysts丘.omFreudandJungonwardhaveobseⅣed,

“myths锄dfairytalesoftenbomenforceculture’ssentenceswith鲈eateraccIlracy

moresophisticatedliterary

Classicfair)r

texts”(DaVidson156).

foremostwrittenbytheBrotherSGrimm,盯emostly

are

tales,first柚d

charact嘶zedby锄drocentric

as

men’ssuperioritytowomenwho

no册atiVely

waitillgfor

de伊aded

rescue

eithefviciouswitches,likestepmothers,orpametic

taleshavebeenaJldstill

are

little酉rls

as

by

men.Funhe加orc,these

IIltfaditional

used

textb00l【s

throu曲which

thatpatfiarchalideolog),isleamed.

version,young酉ds

are

socializedand

tau曲tthattheirproperroleist0

or

lookaftermenandsubmittomenlil【eslavestomasterS

or

daughterstofathers

Victinls

t0saviors.AtthesametimevariouslinguisticdeVicesareusedtoembellishmasculiIle

perspectiVeandpromotethepatriarchalideology.Consequently,thewas

an

wom卸who

once

activeheroiIleillthe

ori百nal

andmraltalesofmatriarchalpropenyandmadehef

or

ownwaythrou曲thedarkofthewoodsnowsitscryingiIltheashessleepssoundin

hercoffin

orbed,删aitingrescuebyarichPrinceCha姗ing.Whensheis

awakenedby

chastekiss,sheiscarriedto

Obviously,theiⅡlagesheroine,ssecondplaceiIlcommonrespectivelyinheroines缸ebytheir

palacebythe

p血ce,andthetaleends

withtheirweddillg.

towardsthe

oftheheroillecorfespondtothe

exp瞅ation

haVemuchin

patriarchalsociety.Theheroillesdepicted

Grimms’fairytales.Generally

Pemult孤d

speal血g,the

are

passive,submissive锄d

devotethemselvestodomesticity;they

oras

aw盯dedactive

as

passivity肌d

submission.Iftheheroineisdisobedient

or

brave觚d

thehero,shewnleitherbepunishedseverely

deniedofpassagetoadultllood.

Themostdistillguishingcharacteristicoftheheroilleispatientrelies

passive锄d

0r

dependent.Sheis

and岫potent,锄d

sheisunableto

pe响姗iIldependently

or

self-assenively.She

on

extemalfofceforrescIle;shesubⅡlitsherselffirst

isrewardednotbyheriIl“iative

t0thefatherthentothe

husb卸d.She

accomplishmentsbutbyherp弱siVity.

TllleheroiIleiSp弱siveespeciallyin仃ontOfherhusband;sheiswaitingfortherightmant0

rescue

herconsciously

or

unconsciously.TW0representatiVes

are

Snow-White

andSleeping.Beauty,whojust

liemotionlesslyandgailltlleir

beloV酣inthrou曲a

comatose

sleep.Cinderellaalsomarried.Tllefatepickedfofher

mer

going

successionof

tribulations卸dsufferillgs.n’sobviollsthattheheroineyeamstomarr),theprillce,but

properlyspeaking,shedoesnotlilt

fingertowardsthatendherself.Just

as

0ne面tic

mthlesslyputsit,?cSnow.white

is卸ovencommercialformarriage,carryiIlgwithitthe

messagethatallmattersiIlaspectsshebe

1t

caIl

womanisherappearance.Itispreferablethatinallother

dead”(walters3).

arc

benoticeabletodiscemthatprotagonistsinthetraditionalfairystories

themaleoftenseⅣes

are

as

usually

male,锄d

the

majorrole

illthestories.IntheGrinlms’

or

version,almostallthemenoccupation,

i.e.

1(ing,

named

asa

wholewhetherhisnamedeclareshisstatus

or

P血ce,

Fisher,

etc.,

conVeysthathe

isenchallted,

eVen

i?e?

F如g.PriIlce,Sea.Rabbit,Bearsl(in,etc.Someofthemalecharacters

possessfeal

n锄es:Jacl【,Harry,John,etc.And

itiswonhmentioniIlgthatmostfairytalesemphasize

are

male’sexpericnce.StorieSaboutmalegrown-up

morenumerous

th加those

about

female.Illfact,femalehasitsownpaniclllarhistory觚d

stories.

Contrastto

the

heroille’sdependence,

naturewhichafcrenectediIlthe

sublIlissi叩觚d

ilIlpotence,

thehef0is

independem,stoiC,resourcefulandadventurous.Hehasbeenconfidentandcourageous,neccssaWt0actas锄illdividual.Besides,theher0is10yal锄dfaithfllltohiSsiblings,belovedandmaster.HeisstoicandperseVe血lg.0ncehemakesadecisionorpromise,hewillnot西Veituprashly.

thehefoSupposedthatwecomparethecharacteristicsofthehefoillewiththoseof

fIlnher,wewillmakc

aspects:

Aman跚cceedsbecauseofhisact.while

marriaget0aaaconclusionthatthey甜eV硒tlydi伍erentillsomefollowingwom锄’ssuccessiSatt抽utedt0herm觚.Compafedtotheher0’sactivesuccess,theprocessoftheheroine’ssucce豁iScombilledwithhumiliationandillsult.“Exileandisolation,domesticdmdgery,rags卸duttersubmissiont0humiliatillgabusesarethele硒toffairy-taleheroiIle’splight(Ofenstein142).Cinderella’s

锄dstepfamilytreatherasaslave:sheisconfinedt0the垃chendoeshardworkn.omdaytoni曲t;shewearsrags锄dsleepsintheheanh弱hes.1n

neVeraddition,shehast0朋dureherstep-sisters’illsult姐dtaunt.I~enso,sheC0mplains

saysinatallbutacceptsthemsilently.0nner,theAmeric柚cultural锄thropol0酉st,also

herb00k肘a筋以gG明如,.,‘‘11lthemorecommonfemaletale,theheroinegetsmaⅡiedattheend.Butifshehasbeenatallactiveintheearlypanofthetale,shemustillVariablyp弱sthrough

worthyseveretrialsbeforebeillgwonhyofmarrying也eprince,0rindeedbeingof柚ym强atall”(9).

liberator,锄dtheredeemef;whilesheistheobeyer,thereceiver,Heisthedonor’the

觚dthecaptive.“SheleamsthattobehappyshemustbeloVed;tobeloVedshemust

seenawaitlove,scoming…theyoungmanisd印anillgadVentllrouslyinsearchof

awoman;heslaysthedragon,hebattles酉ants;sheis10ckediIl

atower'apalace,agarden,iscave,sheiSchailledto

rescuearock,acaptiVe,soundsleep:shewaits”(BeauVoir294).ShetheLittleRedwaitiIlgforman’siIlherlife:“isthehunterthatsavesCap蛐dthe

铲andmothefI如mthewolf’sbelly;itistheprillccthatawakensSleepingBeautyandSnowW.1lite;it

areis锄otherprincethatpromotesCinderellatopatriarchalahighersocialdass.T1leyallmen—symbolsofsociety觚dcultllfe.

It’sobviousthatthetraditionalfairytales,t0someextents,adVocatethepatriarchalideology—men’s

secondarVt0man.dominanceandwomen’stotalsubmissiontomen.Sheisinferior锄d

上海师范大学硕士学位论文

IdeologicalContentsofAⅢdersen’sFa埘Tales

lfwesaythatmanisthesubject,then

womanisthe

object.T_lle

second

place

presentedbytheheroineinfai巧talesisilla留eementwithwomen’sbeillg“tlleOther”addressedbySimonedeBeauvoir

in刀lP&cD以&款

3.3.2ThumbeIina’squestbe£weentheadVentuI℃andstruggle

Fromtheprcviouspanmentionedabove,itisnotedpossessgreat

that仃aditional黼ry

tales

reC0铲izable

stylisticpattenl,whichh硒been口eatedcelebratiIlgthedeeds0f

0vef

hefoes锄d

meirpfedominanceheroine.However,diff:erent丘.omthecl嬲sic

ofAndersen,sfairytalesconcentrate

on

ones,the

central丘gures锄d

themesill

m柚y

heroine觚d

heroine’squeststories,thusthefemalefoleisunde嘈0illg

t0avid

tmsfomation

ill

IbmpassivecreatureindiVidualismill”rsuitofnewexpcriencc,“T1lumbelina,”

‘吼e硼d

are

sw锄,”“ne

Red

Shoes,”柚d‘吼eLittleMemaid”盯e

eVen

cases

pom.,nley

not

are

just

abouthappily-eVe卜世er'劬mrags-to—riches;or

0f

course

900d

a∞rcwarded觚d

concemedwith

bad

punished.SuchfairytaleswrittenbyAndersenquiteoften

are

p晰ation,su虢血g锄ddeath,袖d

wTites:“thefairytaledestinedt0endureregal

iIl“iation.FairytalessCholarIJuthi

M觚

is卸iIlitiation;man

isc弱tinto

suffering如dw锄t,evidently

p晰ation,misunderst卸ding,蛆dmalicc,柚dyet叭mmonedint0

cXist锄ce”(61).kt’stake“uttleMemaid’’forcXaInple,ev铋beforeher15m

bmday,shedep砸s肋mthecastleoftheSeal(ing粕dherfanlilyto血dherfIlturel讧c

0n

eanh.She

s枷丘cesherbeautifIllVoice锄dtakestheSeaWitch’sma百cdraught

ma百c

goiIlg

togct

ridofher6shtail.Sheendures伊eatpaillwhenthet、7lro-edged

s、Ⅳofd

dfaughtworl【slike

likc

the

througll

her

on

delicate

body,whichjust

female

circllmcisiontlleA伍c柚girlshaVe

theiriIlitiationceremony.be

found

in

Male

initiationstory

are

c龇more

m”h,legend觚d

epics

whose

protagOnists

alnlostallmale.ButAndersen’sbeststoriesgenerallyinVolvequestsin

whichthefemalecharaCterSmustpr0Vetllatthey

arc、釉?n11y

0f

achieving锄inlportant

10ve觚dbravery

in

90alalldgainillgself.recognitiont0becomemature.Gerdashowsherher10ngnonhwardtrckto

rescue勋y

in“11leSnow

Queen,,;勋ren

upher

iswilliIlgtoloseher

feet柚d

have

pen锄cetoescape

fbmtheredshoeswhichsymbolizeherv锄ityin‘‘TIlle

Redshoes”;‘‘TheUttleMernlaid”illthepossibilityofannillilationt0win

stofy酉VestongIle锄dacceptsthe

immorality.WhileshedoesnotgailltheloveofprinCe,

shedOeseam

second

ch锄ce

t0galnasOul.

ThewriterofthispaperreferstoAndersen’saccountinhisbestfemalequeststory一

“Thumbelina’’toillustrateAndersen,Sdistillctiverepresentationoffcmalecharacters.“Tllumbelina,’ismoretheforcesofextents,it

th柚astory

about

romaIlticfulfillment,anditis

0ver

taleinwhich

love锄d

lifceme玛evictorious

typefor

thoseofignoranceanddeath.Tbsome

c柚beseⅣed弱a

namtive

powerofthefemaleV0ice.“Thu瑚【beliIla”

waspublishedin1836,whichtellsconsultssits

storyaboutwomandesiringtohaVe

child.She

witch锄d

isgivena铲ainofbarleywhichopenstoreveal

nower,illwhich

iscarriedo饪fi塔tby

tinygirl.Thestorynallrates711lumbeliIla’sadVentllres弱she

an

toad,th明by

a铲eeing

t0

illsect.Shetal【esrefugewith

fieldmouse,who

cajoles

her

mo

ma仃y

mole,butbeforetheweddiIlgTlllumbelinaisfescuedby

swallow

whoselifeshehaussaved.Sheistakent0bfideofatillyman,thel【in90fthe

wa珊southemlandWhercshebecomesthe

flower—angel.

submissi衄,andrebels

as锄obeyer

againstdeVotillgiIlsteadsheinsists

numbelillarejectsthecomfortablel疵and

herselft0domesticity.NolongerdOesshedefineherself

0n

reproductive舭edom卸dself-expression.What’spersonal“丘llment

mo陀,Tlllumbelinarcbelsagainst

passivity蛆d

for

sheprotestsagainstobediencethatisrootedillfemalebiology.Hef

suggests

needfornewandbrighthfc.1’he

dem锄d

radical

has

wom锄’s

challengct0thctraditionalportraitofalienated£rom

wom锄is

embodiedby

numbelilla,wh0

home柚d

nowroamstheworld,andwhosematurityisgainedalongwith

depanufeofhome,riskandconnicts.

‘啊umbeliIla’’records锄acc0衄tof

di疵rent

geo铲aphical

joumey,althou曲she

actuallytravelsnu。ou曲

locations舶m0netoanother.nejoumeyshehastakenactually

is锄卸alogyofone’sillner伊owing-up,柚ditisconcemedwiththetransfomation丘om

iIlnocencet0maturity.AndersendesignedThumbelilla’sdepanuref如mhomeinsuchway:ThumbeliIlaiscarriedo饪by

toadwhensheissleeping,whichilldicatesshehas

alreadylostherbondtofanlilyrelationship.Sheadventurewithoutany

just

hastoleaVehomet0undenaketheplotapparently

help

andinstmctions.T1lis

confoms

t0a

traditionalprincipleimpliedindetachablein

faifytales,i.e.meheroinein

fairytalesiseasily

sense.Generallyspeal(ing,iIl

can

fa酊tales

about

andfo¨doreshefoillemustleaVe

heroineT1lumbelina,wefind

homebeforeheradventure

be百n.ThiIll【ing

our

thatsheleaVeshomeforawanderintheoutdoors.

,nlumbelinaleaV鹊herhomeandsuch

as

exp砸曲ceS

seriesof£ypjcalnaturalsceneries

brooks觚d

forests.Shealsomeetstllenatllralanimalsiustlikccockchafers锄d

toads.TheseexperiencestotallymotiVateheft0depart丘Dmherfamilyand10seherhuman,sidentity.“Ifthe

si印ific柚cc0ftabngriskliesinsome

ch觚ges

whichthe

adVenturcrneedtounde唱oesiIltheproce鹃ofrisl【,thechaIlgesshouldbccriterion:whethertheadventllrer

encountersadVerse

can

judged仃om

0r

establishhiS

0r

her0wnidentitvwhenhe

she

enVironment”(Un79—80).Did

AndersenestablishThumbelilla’sown

identitydurillgtheproCessofher

tr锄sfbrring舶m“home’’to“adverseenv的ment’’?

totoad,shemeetsthe

触er

ThumbelillasuccessfllUyescapes丘Dmthemarriage

ladycockchafersays:

hasnot

even

cockchafcr.ne

“Why,she

“Shehas

more

th孤锕olegs!一that

has

wretchappearance.’’

nol舳y

fcele瑙!”

“Herwaistisquiteslender-丘e!She100l【s

l溉a

humancreature

how—ugly

she

is!”(87)

T1lumbelina’s“two

legs”卸d“sl锄der

waist’’symbol娩e

hum锄creatⅢ.e,while

merelyhuman

cockchafcrs’‘‘feele矽si弘的thenamre.nosecockChafersjudgenumbeliIla劬mtheirViewpoilltsof“锄imal,’’son岫beliIlaseemst0besou酉y.灿a

“nature.”ARercontradiction

detaching6.omtlle

creatllre,Thumbelina,sidentityobViouslycannotbeacknowledgedinthesystem0f

cockchafcrs,Amders锄fIlnher

be锕eenhum锄柚d

naturc:poor

numbeliIla

fmdsit

stren酗enedthed硒cIIlttobe盯

dreadfulC0ldwilderlifcinherdelicateclothes.HereitisobvioustllatThumbelina’s“delicatec10thes”referto“humaIl’’and‘‘wilderlife’’referstothenaturerespectⅣelv.Thus,Thumbelillais

It

can

prejudicedagaillstbythe

syst啪ofnatureonceaga证.

bepointedoutAndefsenusedthemetaphorhere.Hecomparedthesituation

whereThumbelinaiSinthenaturet0thepositionwherefemaleisinpatriarchalculture.Apparently,ThumbeliIla’sidentity

can

notbe

acknowIedgedandheractio嬲arcalso

detemiIled

“so

bycnV面onment.‘‘Shewepl’’owingto

showssheperceivesherself

on

fact:cockchafersdeclarcthatsheisthebasisofother’scomments;her

u舀y,”which

self—consciousnessdoesnotgetawakened.Tlllerefore,thesituationofsimilartothegeneralsituationwherefemales

are

Tlll砌beliIlaisquite

treatedby‘‘0ther’’ill

patriarchal

31

soclety.

1llSimonedeBeauVoir’spointofView,underpatriarchy

Other'theinessentialandthe

Themenhayebetterkeepaawomanistrcatedasmeobject;whileamanistheOne,theessentialandthesubject.fi珊handonthispowerfoffearthatwomenbecomesu巧ect觚dessential,whiletbementu玎lint0Othef(1’0ng263).

ah1theworldoffairytales,T1luD曲eliIlaisdissinlilarforcetothe柚imalsinthe

naturalcircumstance.Intheweboftheserelationships,T1lumbelinahasconf两ntedwith锄imalsillthenatufewherethemoleis

onarcpresentative,sinceAndersennamtedwithanemphasisthepanbetweenThumbeliIlaandthemole.T1lemoleiIltheston,canbe

labeledas‘‘male,”whocontrols’nl岫belinabygettiIlghimt011lumbelina,shusb柚dandarrestingheriIltothelonganddafkeanhypassaget0ftlrthefdisinte铲ate’nlumbelina’sidentity.

ButhowdoesThu功【belinabreakaway自Dmtheperipheryofnatureandplaceof“Other,’?Andhowdoessheestablishheridentity?AndersengaVe

Oneopponllnity

passageonher俯o0pponullities.is:Th啪belinasavesthe6.0z锄swallow1yiIlginthedarkearthyherowniIlitiatiVeregardless0fthemole,smisleailiIlgiIlstmctions锄dthreat.Theotheropportunityis:sheacceptsswallow,Ssalvation觚dleavesthemole、订thout

bothrevolvearoundhesitation.怠;regardstothenamtionsofthetwr0ch锄ces,they

co衄ectionThumbelina’sconisionwiththemole.Butwhat’sthebetweenthesecollisions

锄dTlllumbeliIla’sestablishmentofheridentity?

ThumbeliIla’scon仃ontationwithmoleh舔eme略edduet0theappearanceofswallow.Thewealthymolew觚tstomarrytoThumbeliIla.“Hisbeautifulblackvelvctcoat’’and

tosay,’11lumbelilla’smarriageto“la玛eroom”becomerepeatedimagesinthetext,thatis

moleensIlresthatshecanliVeahappy锄dcomfonablelife.Andwhatdoestheswallowrepresent?Ⅵ,llen’11lumbelinaw柚dersiIlthewildaimlessly,itistheswallowthat‘‘hadsung锄dsweetly研itteredtohefallthrou曲thesu姗eL’’Ⅵ,llenTllumbeIiIlalon铲forthesunshineinthepassageunde玛round,meswallowgivesherhopetoescapefIDmthedarh.ess.Therefore,themolerepresentsmaterialpursuit,whiletheswallowstandsfofspiritIlalpursuit.AndersenmotiVatedTllumbelinat0llIlderstandwhatshehaslongedforandtomakeawiser,smartdecisionbyemployiIlgthese铆ocontrastiveimagesthatthemole卸dtheswallowstandforrespectively.32

上海师范大学硕士学位论文IdeologicalContentsofAndersen’sFair),Tales

Therefore,fadngthestmgglebetween

feelTlllumbeliIla柚dthemole,Thumbelinadoesn’tfngllt锄edandcowardlyanymore.Intheproce豁ofsaViIlgtheswaIlowthatisclosetodeath,T1lumbelillaoVercomesthesenseofscarccinthepfesenceofmammoth.—mole.SheiSuIlwillingt0submittomole’s

leavethe丘eldwills柚ymofe,∞Tlllumbelinahole.Thou曲Thumbelinaisdeteminedtomouse锄dmole’sdarkisthwartedbythem,shestillyellsout“Ycs,1will90withy伽!”AtthebegillniIl昌thisfa时tale叩ens

atthewithTlllumbeliIla’spassivityandherrejectionbysurroundin萨,while

adventurc,sheexpressesherwishandthenherwishcanendofthebeflllfilledfinally.ObViously,

tof如mthebe酉mliIlg

eXperienceatotheendoftheadventllre,Ande硌en弱kedThumbeliIlasefiesoftou曲tasl【Stoextricateherself仃omtheplaceof“Other,’锄d

isableestablishherfealidentity.Afterm柚ytrials锄dtribulations,Thumbelina

at0血dsomethiIlgforher0wn,suchas“theself,”锄dshetakesatle勰t

maturity.tentatiVesteptowards

Throughoutthestory,ThumbliIlaisassociatedwithflower,sunlight,andwillgedcrcaturc:s灿olsofl讹.netoad锄dmolewhowish

gr0姗d,creatIlreofdarkness.Thet0marryherhvebeneaththefo姗eriSignomtandu酉y;thelatteroldandn姗w-miIlded.Mafry

ByfescuingatoeitherofthemwillcmshT1lumbeliIla’sdelicate,loViIlgspirit.nearly丘ozenswallow,shedisplayshersemess

acourage柚d,thfou曲hershehasagency,a玎iVesat

tlledarkparadisewhereshefiIldstheloVe觚dfulfillmenteamed,锄df.orces砌chhavetriedtocontrolherhavebeenleftbehind.

Itisworthynoticillgthat

仃aditionalfair

punishmentorbraVe,strong,curious孤drebelliousgirlsarealsofoundineitherseveretalesbuttheirdisobedienceandI.csistanoe1.csultt0inpaillfIllcost.Tllleywillbesubjectedmisfonune.

In“BlueBeard,”thehusbandleavesthew讧ealoneinthecastle觚dgiVesherthe

onekeyst0alltherooms.Heallowshertoentereachoftheroomsexceptcloset.

NeVeIrtheless,understrongcufiosity,sheopenstheclosetand丘ndsproVerbialskeleton柚dthebloodyremaillsofhisformerwiVeshangillgagaillstthewall—-thehusbandisaserialmurdeL

theWhenthehusbanddis∞versthatshehasbetrayedhim,hewalltshertojoillfomerwiVes.F0rtunately,herbrothera仃iVesintime锄dpreventsherf幻mbeingkilled.IIlthemoralattheendofstory,Pellraultdoesn’tcondemnthehusband’scrimesatall;onthecontrary,hewamsthewifetobeobedienttothehusband.33

offemaleidentity't0∞meeXtellts,AndersenRevolviIlgaroundtheestablishment

casto£fthefemaletemperamentproducedbypatriarchyillthedaSsicfairytales吼dstofies.Andersensparedn0effortsto

arccharacte血easeries0fbeautiful柚diIldependentfemaleimages.Besidestheyfemaleendowedwith∞manytmditionalVirtuesof

characte玛一beaut渤l

arcandyouthflll,moreimportantly,∞courageous,strong也attheyandlibertyfegardlesstryillgt0purslle10ve,dreamof锄ydi伍cIllties?Forexample,LittleMemaidseel【sforsavingpursueshuman’sinl】mortalsoul;GerdaGayi;舢ice

are

searcheSforfescuingher

willingt0brothefS.neyallgiveuptheircomfortablelives孤dsu|协劬mallkindsofpainsandtonllres.nisst枷g锄d丘珊spInttomsas埘kingcontrastwiththemeek,weak’submissive卸dreservedfemalecharactefSmtraditionalfairytales?

obviously,we伽∞ticethatAnderscn’snewoutl00kofrepIesentationofthefemle

chancte璐who盯e蚰satiS矗cd

defywithstatusquo'theima擘res,i.e.tlleya∞aseries0ffemalecvnforces,w血owhoexpfesstheifdesireswhentheystmgglewithhardship柚d

d卸ge璐forwhichreflectAndersen’ssakeofachievillgtheir90als.T1leserepresentations

notio璐ofgenderroIeattitlldetowardsfemalehavesu叩弱sed仃ad“ionalstereotypical

觚dnamtivestnlctIlfe.Emphasisonmobility锄dactivepanidpationforwomenm

aAnderSen,sstoriesisnoticeable,whichsee脚tor印resentdr锄aticbreal【withthe

traditiomlfairytales’stereotype?

上海师范大学硕士学位论文AnisticFeaturesofAndersen’sFairyTaJes

Ⅳ.ArtisticFeaturesofAndersen’sFairyTales

Themainpu巾oseofthischapter

is一0fcoufse—t0

contributet0the

stylistic

desc邱tion

Andersen

ofAmdersen’stexts.“Somecriticsreal娩ed卸dacknowledgedthatAndersen’s

ofliterature

in

textsrepresentedarenewal

tems

ofboth

fom姐dcontent’’(Je璐

229).hldeed,distinctl如motherworks,Andersen,Sf越f)rtales缸epractically

oVemowiIlgwitll铲eatp舔sion

talesmailllycontfibutet0his

oflifc.TheanisticfeaturesembodiedinAndersen’sfai】叮

abund柚t

use

ofpoetic

device锄d

Spoken

l蛐gIlage

successfIllly.ms

worksshuttle

or

betwe明缸imate

andinanimateworld,eitherofwhichis

hiS∞minventionbased

0n

folkthemes,whichmadehistales

so

viVid,impressive锄d

introspectiVe.}Iistalesafc丘1ledwithmuchflaVorofpoetrythatrcade瑙oftenfcel嬲

ifthemusicnewbetweenthelillesnaturally.1nAndersen’sdeVices

are

tales,na仃ative锄dstyliStic

usedwithdifferentaimsanddifct;rente£fects.Hepossessedtheboldand

fantasticimagination,whichenableshisstoriest0displaypanorama.Andefsenh硒created

an

ma印mcent锄d

novel

incomparabledreamland,sinlultaneouslypene仃atiIlg

are

theprofounduniversalphilosophyi】吡ohiStalesforbothchildrenandadultswhoattradedbythese

cha珊ingStories.

are

Andersen’stales

smooth,sensitive,andVividwithmany

hisunique

descriptive

wordsand

sccnes.舢most

all

ofhis、阳rl(sshow

Zillan

ever

style—tllevivid卸d

ene曙etic

n棚tive

style.ProfessorMei

This

notesthat:

well-hownstofy-teller

iStheinitiatorwhopossessesdistiIlctnallrativestyle

inchildren’sHteratllre.Tbsomefoll【loresaIldshape

eVer

ext即ts,children’s

literature

can

st柚d

out

its嗍l

characteristicsowingtohis

use

uniqueness.Anders∞

daimedthat,healwaysmadeof“eVerypossibility”tocreatenew

an

f0珊s.

Thefeby,aUthesemotivatehinlt0proVideChildren’sliterature.hlthe

encyclopediaofnarratiVewritingin

(Mei89)

0f

following觚alysis

namtive锄d

stylisticdevicesinsomeAndersentales,

theaimisnottofiIldnewiIlterpretationsofthestoriesinquestion,butrathertoshowhowdifI晤rentiatedAndersen’siIlstrumentisandhencehowdiff色rentiatedthee圩ectof

thesemodulations

can

be.

4.1NallrationwithpoeticnaVor

t‘A10tofAndersen’sfairytales

are

in

one

way

or锄otherconcemed

with

poetolo西cal

problems,[which]a11

past

or

indudefeflections

on

theconditionsofhisownwfitin岛ontheinDenmarl【,on‘‘reality,’’“imagiIlation,”on

composed

all

presentstateofpoetryillthewo订d

so

or

“fantasy’’and

on’’(Dete血舀‘吼ePhoenix蹦nciple'').111deed,hcalways

manner,孤d

hisbouncingheanwithpoeticquality

fairytalesillpoetic

c锄befo仰d

notesthat:

throughhisworks.Deteringalso

T0

begillwitll,

we

c锄

血d

numerous

explidtly

philosophical,

mostly

metaphysicala11dparodies

P0n

0n

aestheticpassagesin

hisstoriesf而mtheearlyRomantic

NielsB巧dc

RomanticisminF0dfeisetothedialogIlesof

Esther觚d

immortalityandbe跏ty,0ntheBibleandGoethe’sFaustinthenoVel.

Phoenix

(‘‘11tIe

P血ciple’,)

SincehehadbeenhiStales.1’me

poet,heknewsomestylistic

essence

thatwouldlateriIl丑uencethesoulof

are

spont柚eousfeeliIlg柚d

richimagiIlation

are

poem,觚d

Andersen,staleshavebothcharacteristiCsatthesametilne.Theretllat

are

allthefairytales

t0poetry

deeplyconcemedwiththeconditionsofthepoetry,someequiValent

itself.Eventhepurely

poetolo百cal鼬ytales

have

complexstor)rto

tell锄d

can

bc

readbvchildrenwhodonotunderstandsiIl甜e

allusiont0

poet够

nisapparentt0noticethereisagreatdealofpoeticacCountsofthenature?For

iIlstance:

,】me

sun

hadjustset,butthedoudsweretintedwithcfimsonandgpld,and

starina11itsbeauty.The

sea

throu曲the酉hmeriIlgMiliglltbe锄edtheeVening

was

calm,卸dthe

airmildand仃esh.

(69)

firenies舀itteredlmea伊een

And,

Allwasquiet,theairwasflreinthe

so

mild,andhundredsof

gr弱s柚dmoss.When

shelightlybrIlshedagainst

sin91ebranch,the

shininginsectsshoweredalboutherlikefallingstars.(133)

hlsuchdescriptions,thewriter,sdeeploVefornatureisclearto

perceiVe.M卸y

he

of

Anders∞,s

proficient

fairytales

aroseon

histrips

or

hikesiIlnaturc,觚d

wasespeciany

illdescribingthelittlepictures卸d

scenerywith

fewwordsandsmooth

skctches.110depictthefreshandclearnaturalsullfoundingsconstitutes

mostremarkable

featureinAndersen,sf酊rytales,whichmakeshistalesmorepoetic.AndersenhadloVed

natIlfesincehe

w硒achild;meaIlwhile

as

naturcis

a伊eatplaceforeVeryartist

t0lon舀

paci驰gtheirsolitIlde

well.ExhibitionofnatIlrehas

become锄硫ponant

illspiration

foftheartist,screation.Andersenobservednatllrewith

poet’sViewpoint,andhe

naturewithhisstory-telling,sohisfair)rtales

naturallyiIltegmtedthedescriptionsof

c锄

constmct

pure锄dtranquilworld.T1lere

areonce

in

againimaginatiVepicturespainted

words,forexample:

The

gard锄w弱fIlU

0ftheTafest丑oweIs,andthe10Veliestofthesehadlittle

so

silverbellstiedt0themwhichtinl【lednoticingthem.

AmdnInher

on,

0n

that

noone

shouldgobywithout

(231)

in

wall【iIlg,youfoundyourself

Ifyoukept

a哲omus

woodwhichwentfi曲tsailrightinunderthebeautifIlllythat

eVen

d∞lrnt0thesea,wllichwasblucanddeep;big

shipscould

so

bmches

the

ofthetrees.Herelived

nightiIlgalethatsang

see

poor矗shemanwhohadso

such

muchelseto

t0,would

stop卸d

1isten.

(232)

Previously,naturewasdepictediIltraditionalwestemfairylales,too.HoweVer,theywerenotpresentedin

poetic

m猢er'the

desCriptionsofnatIlrcjust

laid

back粤ollIIdforstory.Forexample:

Closeby

the陆g’s

castlelaida伊eatdark

forest,明dunder锄old

liIIle?treein

theforestwasintothe

And,

0nceupon

aweU,and

wh锄me

daywasver),wam,the瞄ng’schildwentout

forest卸dsatdownbythesideofthecoolfountain.(Gri:mm1)

timeinthemiddleofwillter,whentheflakesofsnowwerefalling

thesky,aqueensatat

awindow

l龇fcathers劬msewiIlg,andthe仃ameofthe

willdowwasmadeofblackebony.Itisnoticedthattheseabove

(Grimm100)

exhibitnaturesilIlplywithlittlepoeticflavor.

Cclo衄ts

Wrllereas,the

natllreponrayedin

Andersen’sfai巧talesgenerallyisliVely,fIlUofVi90r

37

上海师范大学硕士学位论文AnisticFeatures0fAndersen’s

Fa酊Tales

柚dene唱y.F0rinst柚ce:

T1le丘eldswerefullofIoVelyflowerst11atflourishedinthesunshineandnoddedinthebreeze,asiftosay,”W色lcometothe伊eenpastllres!lsn’titnicehere?

(49)

Andersenendowedthenatu佗withpeculiar

hum孤pefsonalities,锄d

natureis

hamony

with

hum柚world

in

Amders%’sima舀nation.

tales.Bothofwhich

c柚comm衄icate

with

eachother盘eelybypoetryand

haddition,Andersen,spoeticna玎ationalso

丘.0mchildlikc

concentratesonhis

namti叩Viewed

profound

on

all酉es.Througllout

natufeof

hiswof:l【s

therelil【c

are

mally

acute锄d

Andersen

obseⅣationsdboutthe

Andersen

as

children,glitte血g

gold.J蚰s

r锄arl【S

f.0Ilow:

t、ⅣodifferentpathsthathaVetobetakent0entermefairy—taleworldof

see

nere缸e

HansCllristianAnderSen.Alongthewayit,Spossibletoconditions

howandunderwhat

one

m锄yofhistalescameint0beillg

or

p髂sedmusteL0n

aS

ofthe

paths,theauthorwasalwaysamongadults

aIldhadtobehaVe

grown?up

hiⅡlself…But∞the

otherpath,hew雒the“Child’,-吨playfIIlperson

individuals.

driV明by

锄otionsandima百nation,sunDundedbylike-minded

111Andefsen’stales,children丘ndforthefirSttinIetlleirnatllrebutalsolistens

(215)

grown?upwhonotonlyrespectS

inthefairy?taleworld

to柚dunderstandstheirlanguage.And

Anders钮raisedAnders朗had

WIote:

theevc巧dayunique

sense

l洫ofchildr锄up

t0thesame

levcl勰thalofadults.

forthereality0fthepsycheofboys锄d

girls.He

eVer

Thedeepso仃0win

child’ssoulis嬲伊eat弱the伊eatestsorrow

no

grown-up

hows.hl

hispaill,thechildhas

hope,reason

c柚not

stretchout

helpillg

handtothechild;atthemomenthehasnothiIlgbuthissorrowtod.mgt0.inJens

(qtd.

239)

11lesewordsstem

from(勋炒口冗沁捌打in

1837,ill

m锄y

placesillthisnoVel,the

adultnarrator,withthechild硒hisguide,attemptst0plumbtlleunconsciousnessofchildren.Andthisbfiefpoftraitofcapableofente血lgand

child’stypeof

sor姗ⅣreVeals

theillside.

thatAndefsenwas

desc曲ing

child’s

no

reality劬m

Quite

fewcriticsrecognizethatpreViousRomanticauthorhadmade

use

ofthe

上海师范大学硕士学位论文AnisticFeaturesofAmdersen’sFairyTaleschildinsucharadicalwayinhisartasAndersenw弱nowdoing.Inreality,thistraceablelineinllisworkh硒beenunderwayandilldeVelopmentofnearlytenyears.DuringthistimeAndersenhadanimatedlyeXperimentedinhisliteraryworl【S

childh00dmoreby百Vingthechildandthepoemspace柚dbiggerstaget0ped’0姗.F0rinst柚ce,in

ona“Phantasus,”thepoet—namtorVer),clearlysaysthathisartisbasedde印lychildish

andplayfIllnatufe:

Achildmyself,1wouldratherplaywiththe)roung,

’11ley缸ebestablet0knowmymagicwodd;

IllhutsandiIlc弱tlethyunderstandme,

Ibringwithmesuchmarveloustreasllres.

Wedonotknowthestn喀酉eorsorrowoflifc,

aF0rus,thecomerofthehutbecomeshight’scastle,

l如enthestickisabraveandnoblesteed,

Thelittleswallowthecastle,Smaster?singer.

(qtd.iIlJensAmdersen232)

皿epoe仃)r锄dplayful

poetr),觚dnaturecoexistinch硼’semotionall虢,锄d出ldnotonlyneedsbeautmllpoeticnaVorbutinterestiIlggames嬲well.Andersen’sdisc0Ve眄ofbeautywithinchildisquiteprofound觚dhcexpfessedthet、)lrodistiIlctfeatIlre卜_poet巧锄dbeautyinhisstofies.Wrejustlookatthe

oVerch硼’sgamesinhistales:Thewindowsoftenf幻sted

oncompletely.ButtheywouldheatcopperpenniesthestoVeandpressthesehotcoillsagainstthehDst-coated酉ass.Then

atheyhadthe血estofpeepholes,asI.oundasarillg,andbehindthemappearedbright,

who蕾riendlyeye,oneateachwindow—itwasthelittleboyandthe

peepedout.HisnamewasKayandherswaslittle垂rlGerda.(266)

And,

PoorlittleElisastayedinthepeasanthut,andplayedwitha伊eenlea£fbrshehadnoothertoy.Shemadealittleholeintheleafand100kedthroughitatthe

sees岫.11lrou曲itsheseemedtoherbrothefsfbri班teyes,锄dwheneVerthe

warmsunlighttouchedhefcheekitremindedherofalltheirkisses.(134)39

上海师范大学硕士学位论文ArtisticFeatufesofAnderSen’sFairyTales

ThegamesdelineatedinAndersen’staleshere

are

fullofpoeticnaVor:alittle酉rl

柚d

littleboypresses

holeiIlf硒st?coatedglasswithhot

playswitha铲een—leaf扑d

can

coins,the拊obeautifIIleyes

peepout;theprettytheir

little舀rlima垂nes

thathef

brothers百Ve

the

l【isses.Within

tllesedescriptionsreadersenjoy

quiet

atmosphefe锄d

gam鼯arepresentedillquietma蛐er,which

as

contrarytotheSwedishUnd伊en’stales:horset0enablehert0holdup

0ne

Pippiin‘‘PippiLDngstoddng”is

st啪g鹊a

horSe.

Shemshes

on

be觚een枷f柚df100r锄dplaysgame

withpolicemen.Kaflssonin“l乙arlsson

theRoof’istryillgtoconceivevafiouswayst0playjokes

on

people缸oundhim.

0bviously,thequietpoeticqualityisbroken;instead“isrcplacedbythebustlillgchildren’s

g锄es.

natureorfortheemotionaland

Sincechildrenwefenottal【ensefiouslyiIl1830s,VeryfewadultsrespectedthechildforhiS

o、Ⅳn

ima酉native

lifethatAndersenallowedto

blossominthestor)raboutlittleIda.T1lenowe硌illthe

Vases觚d

potsthathungtheir

arcso

headsdurillgtlledaybecausetheyhavebeenoutdanciIlgillthe

ni曲t

aliveillthe

sto够FromtheVeryfirstsentenceinthisfairy—taleproduction,Andersenalsoused

childl龇way

speakiIlgiswith

0fspeaHng硒tllestrong,livelyfoundationofthetext.T1lewayof

languagethathadnothillgtodo

regarded蕊柚uncultivated,wild,primitiVe

the血eranfoms,butViVidlyexhibitachild’s

narmtiVestmctum

uniquelallgllagefeatllres.

4.2

R电laxing

As

sto巧-teller,Andersen

almost呻r0Vised

histales.Hewasa“story-tellerof

talesbothbigandsmall,whateVerhappenedt0strikethefancytohisheart”(Jens

Anders锄218).He

illusions

one

allowedhinlselftobeca玎iedawaybywildimagiIlation锄d

so

createdrichly

after柚other.Andersen’simagiIlationwasalwaySstl伽g锄d

outfittedthatheimmediatelysh叩edeVer”hillg

so

intoimagesandmoreiⅡlages.Andersen

connicts,illthe

discoVeredandgaveimpressionto0ffairytales.Herewasintimacy

senses

many

scenes,characters,柚d

fbm

be时een

the

story-teller锄d锄audience

thathadallhis

alert.

on

BesidesAndersenorigiIlatedfairytalesmade

use

thebasisofhispoeticconsCiousness,he

dogmaticnarratiVe

afe

ofeverypossibilitytocreatenew

fb皿s.Freef}om孤y

structure,AnderSe丑’snarrativesfnlctureofstoriesseemsrelaxill&which

unrestricted

clear

byprecisestor),.tellingpattemthatcharacterizes

origin,be垂nniIlg,development,

an西ewith

moren.eedom,

lda's

conclusion锄d

andhe

cVen

re星:lllarsequence.Andersenselectednarrative

narratedstorieswithhisleapinginla百nation.ForiIlst锄ce,“Little

so

Rowers,,’beginswithIda’schildishquestion:“Whydomynowers100k

illtoday?”

(25)Theimagillative柚d

thestudent

studenttellshertheyhadbeenattheballlast

poetic

ni曲t.ARerthat,lda

questionsand

arc

devel叩theirinlagiIlati仰丘eely

arc

bythe

rotati佣of

answe璐.T1leyfancythebluevioletsoldchapefones,atallyellowlilyis

thenavalcadets,thetulips柚dt谵erlilies

tlle

a“lady抽_waiting’(26).nese

aro咖d

flowersp弱sthenews

舶m

one

to锄otherbed,柚d

thattherewillbea铲eatballillthecastle.Andthenldaputsthe

covers

nowerSt0

tllcksthelittle

them.Alleveninglongshedreamsof

eVen

seeillgnowers

d锄ce

iIltlleKillg’sc筋tle.Thenextmomillg,Ida’snowers

more

faded,Ida锄d

little

hefcousiIlhold

a伊锄d

fIlneralforhisnowers.Thec0IⅣersationbetween

on

lda锄dtllestudent:Ida’sdreamandfuneralofflowe瑙盯eallestablished

ima西nation,whichcontainsbothAndersen’simaginationandchildrell’sunconsd0吣

tefrit0啦And

thethree

itiSapparentt0noticcthereseemsnotthedeafcausal

wholestor)rpurelyisbased

0n

co加ection锄ong

ima舀nation,

t0the

pans.ne

Amdersen’sfantastiC

ordeftoaddresst0

alongwithAndersen’scaptivewayofspeakin舀in

childfenwithintheadult.Andersenw弱abletopaintunknown

scenes

cllildren锄d

wodd觚dni曲ttinle

beforethe

eVes

oflittleIda

so

thatshehas

neVer

fo玛ottenthem.

An(1ers朗narratedstories硒ifhereadpoetrymther

th柚toldstoriesilltraditional

way.Hepreferredt0choosemoreadjectiVes柚d

descriptionofdetailstodeepen

impression.Especiallywhenhetriedtocreatepart,these

For

hndofatmosphereinthedescriptive

adjectivesanddetailshelped

lot.

ex锄ple,‘‘neSummer'Autu砌卸d

between

Sto巧oftheYear’’is

beautifulprosepoemabout

S面n舀

WinteLThestoryisullfbldedby

f色wcouplesofdialoglles

sparrow卸d

raven,whocompafeWintertotheoldman;SpringtoloVely

strong

children;Summerto

man锄d

beautifullady;Autumn

totheresting“Summer,’

andhisquietwife.HefecomesthewiIlter--the“Queen”ofthe

whole

willter

alone.

Hereill,Andersen

thestory

iIltroduced

one

yearissilent,spendingpersonification

andendsill

to

the

the

descriptionsofAsthe

season.alt啪ation,and

be百ns

with

winter

W证teL

Winter

thetwoloVely

approaches,everythillgislool【ingforwardtosprillg,as

41

上海师范大学硕士学位论文AniSticFealuresof加dersen’sFa姆TaJeschildrenfideonthestorks,Springiscoming.Thestoryisdepictedlikethis:

childrenwandered,伊eenbudsburStfonhonWhereverthe咐obushandtree,the

grass伊ewhigller,alldthecom-fieldsbecame10Velyindelicate伊een.Thelittlemaidenstrewedf10we硌inherpath.Sheheldhefapronbeforehef:itwasfullofnowers;itwasasiftheyspnlngintolifethefe,forthemoreshescatteredaroundher,memoreflowe璐didheraproncontaill.EagerlysheshoweredsnowyblossomsoVerappleandpeach—trees,sothattheystoodinfullbe扑tybeforeeVentheirgreenleaVeshadburstf硒mthebud.(440)

AndwrhenAndellsendescribedthesummer,hewrote:

n∞cameaflashoflight,勰ifthesunhadmshedfonhfromthe

asky,fl锄ing,bumill舀aJl—deVouring,锄d

Theraillpoureddafknessretumedamidrollillgcrashofthunder.downiIlstreams,—-nowtllerewaSdarkness,thenbliIldiIlg

0n1i曲t,——nowthrillingsilence,thendeafenillgdin.Tllleyoungbrownreedsthe

amoorwaVedt0andf如infeatllerybillows;theforcstboughswerchiddenin

wate巧mist,andstillli曲tanddarhessfollowedeachother,stillcamethesilenceafterthero码whilethecomandthebladesof铲弱slaybeaten

everdown卸dsw锄ped,so

ButafterathatitseemedinlpossibletheycouldraisethemselVesagaill.rayspiercedmewhiletherainbegantofallgently,the

lil【epearlsonsun’sc肠咄粗dthewater-drops酉itteredleafandstem.Thebirdssang,the

inthe丘shesleapeduptothesurfkeofthe

yonder,on

stllrdyawater,the萨atsd柚ccdsunshine,锄drockbytheheaVillgsaltsea,sat.Summerhimself,astrongmanwithlimbs卸dlon岛drippinghaiLStIen黟hcnedbythec00lbath,hesatinthe

anaroundhiIIlrenewednaturebloomedstrong,luxuriallt,wa姗sunshine,while

aIldbe肌tiful:itwassummer,w姗,loVelysu衄eL(442)

ltiseVidentthatthisstorysingsthepraisefbrSpringandSummer,s0Andefsen’sexcitingspifitandrichimagiIlationgainsgooddeVelopment.HecontinueddepictingAutumn,Winterandtherestpanofstoryillsuchatone.Accordingly,Andersenescapedf幻mthetypicalnarrativepattemscharacterizedbydassicalfaijfytales,andhewasliabletofomlhisownmultipleandf砖e-s£ylenarration.

Classicalfairytalesfrequentlybegillwith“0nceuponthetiIIle…,”觚daccountthoseremoteandoldstorikwhichoccurredfafawayfromthereallife.Atthebegillning,42

prota90nistspresent

themselVes锄d

n姗te

the

ori沓n

ofthe

sto珥kt,s

takeGrimm,S

“LittleRedCap’’forexampIe:

011Ceupon

timethercw豁asweetlitⅡe

舀r1.Eyeryonewhosawheflikedher’

bulmost0fa¨Jlefgrandmother,wrhodidnotOnceshegaVeher

how

what

to舀vethechildnext.

so

little

c印made0fredvelvet.Becauseitsuitedher

well.

柚dsheⅥ伽ted(167)

Thetone

t0wearita玎thetiⅡle,shecametobel【nownas

UttleRedCaD.

of加mtionseems

tobe

objective觚dprosaic,卸d

thenarratorslowIy西ves

卸account

ofthestory,standingf1.0m

fardist姐cc.Andersen

mi曲talsohavebegun

someofhisfaifytaleswiththe

pllf鹤e“once叩0n

use

thetinle,,’however’whenAndersen

beg卸his筋rytalcs;he

’11lefew硒0nce

alwaystriedt0

JlisownIivelyna玎ationt0stan,for

hadthe

ex锄pIe:

b远w觚candle、他o

hi曲estopiIlionofhismeritS.

(1070)T1lere

hu订edhim

was

pilot,锄dmill萨wentbadly

(1157)

witllhim。HisballoonburSt.

out,锄dwentallt0pieces.

H0weVer,mostofAndersen,s

fairytalesdon’tstanwith‘‘0nceupon

tinle.,,His

of

talesattachtheimportancet0the

prcsentcondition,orgivethebeautiful

descriptions

su玎。蛐dill笋with

poeticflaVor,ormake

sincefe伊eeting

t0hisaudienceorhavea

coupleofdialogues.

ofthe

dassic筋ry

tales,theirna玎ativesequencesalwaySabideby

cenaill触ed

nIle:彻eplotc0彻ects

wolf;the

closelywithanother

plot.ne

sto哆0f““ttleRedCap,,,∞nsists

home:sheencountersthelitⅡeRedCap:andthe

ofsevcraldose。relatedchaills:littlered

wolfdevours

c印alienates舶mher

wolf

the黟卸dmother;the

devo螂the

llunterrescueslittleredcapand

her擎柚dmotheLOnthecontrary,Andersendidn,ttake

thetI.aditionalwayof

writillglikethis:thebeginning..-themiddle..-theend.Hetoldthe

stoneswithoutany

0ne

strict锄d触ed

stipulationsaboutplots.Andefsenmigllt

evencreate

completetaleJustresoniIlgtosomedialogues.Tllledialoglleisconsidered硒one

shillingfeatureinAndersen,staIes,aIldthepagesof

diaIogues百vemeperfecteffectof

shapingcharacters’features.TheiⅡlportaIlceof“Sunshille’s

Story’’isduetothefactthat

there

afcno

actions,butdialoglleitselfbecomesfantastic,whilethestorygives

fa时lale.Only

theconditionsof

nan.ation

arc

basicallyaccoumofwish.fulfillment.On

43

上海师范大学硕上学位论文Anistic

FeaturesofA卫dersen’sFair),Tales

thewhole.

elements0fthefantastic

are

linlitedt0thenarratiVe

perspectiVe,

demonstratingnewwaysofapproachingthesto哆F0rillst觚ce:

Beginning:

“l’lltellyou

story,”saidthewiIld.

t0talk.You’Vebeen

“KiIldlyremember,’’saidtheRain,‘‘thatit’smytIlm

howlillgaroundthecomeratthetopofyollrVoiceqpitelong‘‘Isthatthethanl【slgetforallofthe

enough.”

f打ors

l’Vedoneyou?”theWhdblustered.

even

‘‘M柚V锄umbrella

I’vetumedillsideout,0rblownto

t甜ers,when

people

triedtoavoidyou.”

“Besilent!Itis1whoshallspeal('’’saidtheSunshiIle,whospokewithsuch

brilliancc柚d

shook

wamth

triedto

thattheweary

rouse

Wind

fcH

flat咖his

st锄d

bac:k,卸dtheRainforit.T1lis

him锄d

him,crying:“We

won’t

to

Mad锄

Su施hineisforcv盯intermptingus.Don’tletlisten

wonh

her.Whatshesaysisnot

hea血g.”

√蝴theSunShiIlebegan…

Main

body:

“…,…”sunshinetold“…,…”su璐hinetold

“…,…”s岫shille

told

longstory,”saidtheW证d.

“What锄extremely

‘‘And∞awfllUyduU,’’theRailla酉eed.“F蛆me,ifyouple弱e,∞Imayre、,iVe

little.’’The

Willd

blewagain,andtheSunshinesaid:

…’…

Conclllsion:“Ithinl【'’’saidthelong

Willd,“thatthese

Verybored.,,

storiesshouldstop.TheSunshinehastalked

enough,柚dIam

“SoamI,”saidtheRaill.

Andwhatdoweothe砖whoknewthisstorysays

(1060-63)

11lewholepassageiSmainlycomposedofandSunshille.Sincethere

areno

few

dialogIles锄ong

the

Wind’Rain

lessthanthreenarrators,t11eleadingnarratorofthe

上海师范大学硕士学位论文ArtisticFeaturesofAndersen’sFai巧T.ales

fhmestoryisSunshine,whotellsitsstory,acertaindifferentiationillstyleboundtobefound.Anditisthe

namtorofthe舶mestorywhospeal(s

tlle

in

conVersational,Oralstyle.

hlfact,thisstoryismadeupofbeautifulfourpiecesofprosepoems.

Theyoungnowsboy’s

sw卸nows

oVer

occ翘,thefeathefwhichdfops

hebecomes

on

thecurlylight

hair0f

m锄becomes

oVcr

peninllish柚d,柚dwealthymerchant;tlleswan

me伊eenmeadow,卸dkisses佃e0ftheleavesoftree,theleaffallsillthe

into

hand,ch卸ged

wholebook;the

sw卸rests

awhile

on

thelakc,apoorwom如

gathers

goldenegg,inwhichlies

are

de缸littleswan,there

are

fourringsroundits

ne咄

sw锄

fourfiIlgs

sentt0

the、Ⅳ0m柚’s

foursons,herchildrenbecome

sclllptor,apainter,athebay,the

composer锄dpoetrespeCtiVely;theswanoffonuneflows

oVcr

b血gs

they

pieccofambert0fishem觚,amber

drawsheanstogether

wi咖m

thehouse,

are∞happy锄d铲atefIll

“OleLul(ie”is

fortheirpeacefIllliVes.

cxamplcofAndefSen’sconceptofthe

seven

a嘶lli柚t

dialogicwaytcxts

comingintobeiIlg.EventheillterIlalactionofthesill垂e

talesconsistsof

successionofdialogues.ThecondusionofeVerytaletakestherecipientbacktothedialoguc

C0re

be船een0le蛐dHjalnlar.1t

iSthecxchange

be锕e如the

on

tⅣ0that

b血gs

the

dfeamsintoexistence.Thesedreamsd0notsimplyfirstacceptthesuggestionsofthenarratorpictllreaUbyhimself;OleshouldVisit

be舀n

their

own:Hjalm盯must

illtothelandscape

01e.Hjalmar

hast0

cl蛔b

justlifIshimuptoit(199).when0lesuggeststhatHjalm缸

mouscweddiIl舀tlleboyinquireshowt0gctintothemousehole,causiIlg

Olet0demonstratehisillitiatiVehimsel£His

ma百cabilities(199).IIlthel弱t

three

episodes,Hjalmar

takesthehimto

inqu岫:“、Ⅳhatarewe

following

goingtohavetonight?”(200)印ables

att%d

some

the

dolls’wedding.ne

on

niglltheinlpatiennyinsists:“Shallwehave

stories?”(201),and

thelasteVeniIlghedemands:“youmusttell

on

stories”(202).

HjalmarhastofightagainstOle’sdecreaSiIlginterest,spu玎iIlghim

tofunheractiVity.

Anderscnwrotestoriesinsuch

boldwaythatbrought

freshairtostory?telling.

on

what

his

fa时talesf0IlowisnoteXtemalstorypattem,whereasitisbased

hisiIlner

artistictalent.HededicatedallhisfonhthediVersefairy

e脑ns

tocreationofncw

f0姗s

0ffairytales0wingtohis

on

f0皿s.Andersenbrou曲t

relaxingnamtiVeteI曲niques,andhis

iIlsometalesthereis

tales啪becalled“encyclopedia

naⅡation”(Mei89).But

lackofintemallogicalconnection,forchildrentheyhaVesomedifficIlltiesillgettillg

上海师范大学硕士学位论文AnisticF色atufesofAndersen’sFairyTalesgoodcompfehension.ThesetalesiIlclude:“TheDoor-key,”“Poultrymeg’sfamily,”“RemoVing-Day,”“TheBishopof

Sand-Dunes,”“T1leBor舀umandHisKinsmen,”‘‘AStofy仃omthesoon.StomShiftstheSigIlboards,”‘‘7nleBell—Deep”and4.3ColloquiaInarrativedevice

AnderSen,Sworksaretotallydi骶fent如m

conte】at0fthetraditional“goodtaleS,”sinccheheemployedtheidiomsbrokenew莎0undinbothstyle缸d

l锄guagefair),tales,柚dandconstmctionsofsFIokeninawaythatwasnewillDanishwriting.“Hew弱

the五iI_stwritert0adaptthestorytelliIlgtechniquesoftheoraltraditiont0expresstheiIltimatesecretsofhislife孤dthou曲ts”(Holbek155).Andersenllsed丘equently∞110quialStylethatdisguisesthesophisticatedmoralteachingsofhistales.

AsPaulGoetschdaims:themostimportantgeneraltaskoffeignedomlityiIllitera巧tcxtsist0createtheillusionofalangllage0fproximitywhichmayiIlcrcasetheappealandreadabilityofthe

naⅡatedworldtexts.WnttenactofnaⅡationforcestherecipientt0constitlltetheathrou曲thefeadiIlg.Fei印edoralityistechniqueusedt0create锄musionⅥ札chhelpsthereaderiIlthisprocess(qtd.in.Menzel,‘‘Elements’').

aWalterJ.notesthat“Spokenlangllageisgenerallycharacterizedby

complexityandabstradionthanitswritten

speedoflowerdegreeofcounterpan”柚d“nisisduebotht0theh讪pfoduction锄dreception柚dt0thef犯ttllatillfaCe?to-facecomm咖ication.The

importantthanthemercrelationship

tr锄smissionofthespeakert0therccipientmaybemoreofcontent,andoralnarrationisthusmarkedbylowerlexicalv撕ability"(qtd.inMenzcl,“Elements”).

TllechildlikcevefydaylangIlageiseleVatedinAndersen’se雏stonaturalhehadapoet彤锄dremarkableabilitytob血gt0lifethesoundsofnatIlreiIIhistales.HerehetoldstoriesattheVeryrootofl柚gllage,柚dhis

hlanamtiVestylewasC0mpletelyhisawn.beautifulpassageillhisbookaboutAndersen,EdVardColliIltalksaboutthat:

Thestoryrichlyfumishedwithidiomaticpllfasethatwerefamiliart0thechildren.Hebrou曲tlifetoeventhedIIiestsentence.Hewouldn’tsay:‘Thechildf铋gotiIltotheCa玎iageallddr0Veo危’Rather:‘thentheygotintothecarriage,900dbyeFather,900dbyeMother’the

getwhipcracked'snip,snap,柚dof!f220)theywent,yee-ha,movillg!”(qtd.inJensAndersen

上海师范大学硕士学位论文

AnisticFeaturesofAndersen’s

Fa埘Tales

Andersen10Vedtomovements.IIlCaptainreadiIl舀

pe向咖and

Wilde’s

w弱good

atimitatingall

kindsofsoundsand

memoirs,hepr0VideddetaileddescriptionsofAndersen’s

Hismovementsbecamespokc.Ifhestretchedwith

well-bal锄ced锄d

intotal

hamony

lifted

witheVer)rwordhefinger,itwasdone

out锄锄,raised

h勰d,or

pe疵ct伊ace.(qtd.inJensAnderSen216)

storiesproduCcValious

nismakeshis

锄illusion

inlages锄d

attractchndren’sattention,which

enablechildrentohave伊eaterunderst柚dillg锄d

genuilleinterestillthem.Thiscreates

ona

thatcouldn’thelpbutmake

0n

strongimpression

child.ThefigIlreswho

witch

leavedeepinlpfessionreaders盯eabout:ClumsyH柚s,theprincess,the

in“ne

‰derbox,’’锄d

perfectly

theanimalswhosedroU

neVer

mom锄t锄d

funnyS0undshe

c柚imitate

althou曲he

exaggerated.Forexample:“Shew弱Veryspfyinthelegs.

Trip,trot,away

the

shewent.Howshe

hurried觚d

scurriedoffto

see

the

nigllt

raven

downin

marsh”(317).

“Shew弱veryspryillthelegs’’portrays

pictIlreofmoVement,“Thp,trot”records

thesoundofwalkill舀‘‘Howshehu盯ied’’expresses‘‘scu玎iedofft0

see

story-teller,s鲈at

admiration.

the

ni曲traven

downinthemarsh’’pr0Videstllesoundproofofher

曲ility

t0walk.711lus,thissmallpanbecomesadynamic

para伊aphwhichismadeupof

statement,onomatopoetic

exclamation.1t舀Ves

Vividpresentationofsomeone’sspeedy

walk血g,柚d

theincoherentsentencestnlctIlreisinhar玎10nywithchildren’sleaping

one

thillkillg.Let’slookatheopensthe

sentenceinAndersen’sanothertale——“OleLukoie,”“Softly

door,锄dnick!Hesprinl【lessweetmilkillthechildren’skeeptheireyesclosed

so

eyes—just

tiIlyway,

bit,butalways

enou曲totheywon’t

see

him”(199).Illthis

thesinlpleword‘‘nick’’representsOleLukoie’squietmoVement鹪ifreaderssaw

nau曲ty

OleLukoie

bliIll【ing锄d

putting

fingef

0n

hislip.

no

Sillcechildren,sreadingcomprehensioniSlimited,Andersenhadmade

spare

e肋fts

totellstorieswitllsimplewords,sentencesandevencommonparagraph.Does

thiSsiIllple,understandablel柚gllageresult

indrabnarration?Absolutelynot,readersstill

c锄fmd

beautyandpoeticflaVorwithiIlhissimplespol汜nlanguageillstead.Thewayof

spedkiIlgis

detemiIled

bychildren’sacceptanceoflanguage.1llofdertoenableyoung

use

readefstounderstand,hehadtoquitesimplewordsandconcepts,andtoresonto

47

上海师范大学硕士学位论文AnisticFeatufesofAndersen’sFairyTales

d№ct

l锄gllagci11steadofsomethiIlg

abstr拟.Please

let’s100katthefollowingbeautiful

SentenCeS:

‘叮hewilldwhistlesintheoldwillowtfee.nis舔ifonewere

hea血gasong;the

leaffello地rain

响d

Herewe

singsit;thetreetellsit”;“Inthe

autu砌everysill酉e

drippedlj吣mthebarebranches”

cansec

(1162).

lucid.What

0nes.HiStheducl【s

thesewords

use

are

thedaily-usedones,which盯enaturaland

ismorc,heprefb玎edto

sentenccsarealways

somesinlpleshort.For

s%tenc鹉ntherth卸complex

thehens

simple卸d

iIlst柚ce:“But

clucked,觚d

quacked,卸d

thetIlrkeygobbler’sface

t啪ed丘eryred”(200).

little锄gel,but丽thout

tllroughthe

Anotherexample,

nis

little

child劬m

heaven,a

win萨,foritis

to

become

humanchild.Softly

an

it酉ides

a远柚d

thewiIldcarriesitinto

nower'whichmaybe

0rchid,a

d姐delion,a

rose,ora

cowslip,锄d

therc“

liesandrestsitself.

(977)

Some耐tics

obviouslydonot

l溉hisstyle.ney

tllinkAndefsen’stalesViolate

仃aditionaldo毋naofliterature:litemrytexts缸enotallowedt0beoralnarratives.0ne

嘶tic

maintaillswithheaVy-handedresolVethatitisnotacceptable,inpublishedl“eratllre,

wr!itershould‘‘expressoneselfinthesamedisordedywayin

[that]也e

p血t勰is

me锄s

of

pe疵ctly

229).1ll

acCcptablewhenexpressingoneselfinVerbalthe

discourSe”(qtd.illJe璐AnderSen

wasregarded

as

1830s,t0writethewaypeopletalked

undemliIlingthe仃Ile如dbeautifIllValuesofliterature.

Itof

w舔吼heafd

thougllts

t0

oftoreplacethe

st锄dard

writtenlangllagewitllthe丘ee1anguage

as

gnlmble,hum,sob,觚d

plailllyspeakyourmilld

Andersendid

intheretalesintendedforchildren.

(JensAndersen229)

just

HoweVer,theseorallanguageandsentencescreatefunhersignificancethatiscoherentwithchildren,s

understanding锄dthinl(ing.T11lemosteSsentialgiftfor

good

can

fairy?taleswriteriShisabilitytotellstorieswithsinlplel锄gllage

thatchildren

underst觚d.Tllis

Onthe

on

unique

fbmhas0penedthenewfairytalestr衄d

sillcethe20thcentufy.

otherhand,Anders%allowed

moreandmore

hisfairytalestosettheironomatopoeticstamp

ofstrongeraIld

one

the

l卸guage,and

ex锄ples

stronger彻omatopoetic

an

appearillAnderSen’sfairy

tales.nis

quicl【lybecomes

ofthetrademarksof

上海师范大学硕士学位论文AnisticFeaturesofAndersen’sFair),TalesAnders∞tales.Thisemphasisonthespokenlanguageissomethingquitcnewinthe

hasalwaysbeenpresentiIltheliViIlg,morerefiIledwrittenfairy-tale

oralfolkliteranlre,althou曲itl柚guage0fordinarypeopleandchildren,whowouldspontaneouslyimitatethenatllre卸dcIlltllresu玎oundillgthem.Ev明todaychildren

aandchildlil【e∞ulsuseonomatopoetict0illdicatethepersonality

caseof锄柚inlalorcertaillobject.Thisisals0theinAnderS%’sfa时tales.

Dillg-dong!”rin笋0utfromtheBeUDeepintheOdenseIllAndersen’snan.ation,hetriedhisbestt0imitatea11l【indsofthesollIlds.FcIrexample:“Dillg-dong!

RiVeL..(674);“he

bang!Uponthetouchedtheship’srig酉ngwithhisfeet,sliddownthesail,andlanded,ondeck”(199);“JustlistentoitdmmtheburdockleaVes!”criedFathef

skillfulapplicationofVafiousSnail.“Rum-dum—dum!Rum-dum—dum!”(398)His

onomatopoeticnatllrallyproducesliVelyrhymmandcadence.WithiIlthesesentences,wemayfeelthatthenarratoriStelliIlgstoriesViVidly'whowen伊弱psllis觚diencc’sthillkiIlg.、Ⅳh明children

theydon’thaVerefertothecat,theywouldprefert0use“mew,mew”becausetoenou曲abilityunderstandtlloseabstractide硒,andtheyareaccustomedt0acceptingallmeVisible卸dVocalthill笋.Thegoodfairy-talewfite瑙shouldt巧t0createstoriesalongwith弱muchonomatopoetic弱possible.

“Caim!Caim!”(965)scfeechtheblackscavengeravensand啪wsinthelesserlmowntale“neFolksong’s

wercB硼.”Andin“髓e晰ll-0’-the-whips~eTImnk,’itsaysoftheinT0wn”itsays,“wroosh!ney

howthey90ne!”(914)In‘‘neF1yillgfirewo咄“whose,nared!”(163)柚diIl‘‘Tlhe“ttleMatch

matchessay“Scritch!”(344)EvenGirl”themagicalbutquicl【lyextill咖shed

t0asometh吨assoundless勰hot的nsaystheir“fllt,foy”(1070).ncollar“scrap!”(408)whilesilenttallowcandlessputter

nerveseems硒iftheo玛yofsounds

“theendedillAndersen’sfairytales.ThewatchdoginSnowm柚”snads

onhis“sweeeeeeeeet-heans!”andin“TheElf锄dtheMistress,”theelfb10wsthecoo蜘gpot∞itboilsoVerwitha“surra-nl玎a—mp!"Illthetaleabout

“TheDropof

thesoundofaWhtef,”wehearthemysterio惦sound“baf!”whichissupposedtoiIldicatealegbeillgkickedawayduringscume.

Healsousedsomebriefandlittleisolatedsoundssuchas:hum,uh,plop,ho,andhee—ya.Thesoundsbecomemoreandmorebold,acquiringgreaterpower柚deXuberance.F0rillstancc,inthetaleabout“Peiter'Peter,andPeef,”theni曲tingalesin笋“Ⅺuk!Ⅺukl49

上海师范大学硕士学位论文AJtisticFeaturesofAmdersen’s

Fa时Tales

zi!ID,lol,li”(232).And

thebigfireddnlmiIl“TheGolden1’reasure”makesthetale

vibratewithdecibels:Dum,dum,dum!Dummelum!Bam,bambam!Bamalam!Come,come11’rammerim,1Xammerim,it’shim1Thisillcfcasing

11ummelum,tummelum,tIlmmelumsk,’(948).

uses

comprehcnsive锄dsophisticated

ofonomatopoeticillthistalemake

Andersensomething0f

modemist.AndersenJenscommented:“Thisw弱anewtypeof

poet彤expressed

in

childish

yet柚”hingbut‘sug扑coated’langIlage

that

Anders%

wantedt0createwithhis

The

tales”(238).

syllt觚0fAndersen’sfairytalesals0indicateshisendeavort0produceorality.

IIlnumerableexclamations,oftenbegiIlemphas娩etllenarrator’sHowtheTree

V岫g

wim卸inte巧ection,ViVify

thenar豫tionand

de暑乒.eeofemotionalpanicipation.Fbrexa珈【ple:“Oh!

narrator

quivered!Whatw弱t0happen?”(256)the

fir;锄d“Oh,howf的tsore

her

triesto

arouse

audience’sworfyaboutthe

andtiredshew勰!Andhowcold

expresseSthe

翘d

bleakeVerythillg

afound

100ked!”但66)this

st翘der-by,s

eXpfesses

compassion柚dpain;锄d“Hail,how丘a伊觚t锄d

extraordinarycomments

on

loVelyitwas!”(245)this

on

excitement柚d

admiration.In“ThePrincess

thePea,”thenarrator

shew舔in

theunbecomillgen仃anceofthe

p血cessherself.‘哳hatasigllt

authatrailland

wind”(23).

see

Fromthesedescriptionswemay

narratof’sfadal

are

expression,ch柚giIlg

w“h

iIltonationofhistelling.Forchildrenthey

ablet0feel

joy觚dsonDw,a90ny柚d

exdtement卸d

they

are

affectedbythesenatlIralsounds.

Narrationwi也oral

l柚guage

is

rcmarl【ablefcatureofAndersen'Sillhis

fairytales.

Anderscntookpioneerinusingappropriate

splok锄language

eVer

lales,柚d

hefoundthemost

l柚gllageforfairytalescfeation

sillce.

上海师范大学硕士学位论文ConduSion

ConcIusion

“Ⅵ,llydolstudyHaIlsChristianAndersen?”一Thisisaquestionthatenchantedthewritef觚oyea娼agowhenthewTitersetoutthepost铲aduatepaper.Thewriterwillbe

aregladt0hearreaders’opiIlionsaboutitafterwards.Herownconsiderationscertainly

notnewalldsensational.hlthatcasethewriter’sworkmaybecalledarepetition.Butrcpetitionofftlndamentalissuesmustbedonenow锄dthen,锄dtheproblemsshouldbereconsidered.Tllisiswhatthewritcrintendst0dointhiSpaper.

AsaD锄ishwriter,Andersenisfamousforllisfai巧taleswhicharenotmeantmerelyforchildrenbutforadults嬲well.Belovedbygenerationsofchildrcn柚dadultsaroundtheworldfortales,AndersenreVolution娩edchildren’sliterature.AlthoughomersbeforehimhadcolleCted锄drctoldfolkstories船dfairytaIes,hecouldbcse锄asmoVillgin姐inlitatiVemode,attemptingtocapturethestyleandspiritoffolktellsinhislitera巧e任bns.1Y|ethisfairytaleswithhisself-consciouslyartlessexpressionsandcalculateddidacticeffects,diVergedramatically舫mthe仃aditionaltales0ffolkcllltures.AnderSImw弱the

ajfirstt0createthestorieshimself,i11stillingpreviouslystiltedgenrewithnewhum%

wisdom,柚dpathos.What

onAndersenseemedt0havefb唱ottenisthatthefolktalethrivesconnicts柚dcontIaSt,notonsentiment柚dpathos.MaIly

lifeafIerofAndersen’sfairytalesconnicts.‘‘Thedepictcharacte塔whogaillhappinessinsuf佗血gU酉y

Duddill∥柚d“neIjttleMe姗aid,,areAndersen’smostintimateworks.

11raVersELtelliIlgregisterSherresponseasachildtoreadingAndersen’sfa岫tales:

way锄d

toAh,howpleas她ttobemanipulated,tofeelone’sheartstringpulledthisthat俩an&觚锄g,agaill卸dag血,longing,seIf-pity,nostal百c,remorse,锄d

letfallthefIlllsometearSthatwould

Thefairylale,withallitsdiverSeneVerbeshedfofGrimm(232).artis|icideas

thereli百ous,philoS0phical,scientific,andand锄bitions,reflectsthegeneralspiritdufingthefirsthalfofthe19thcentu哆IIlto

openandcolorfulfairy—talelandscape,withhisVeryownfaify-talestyle,Andersen’sstoriesexplodeda11boundariesofwhatwritersatthetiⅡlea110wedt0dowith

includinghowtheyspokeaboutafairytale,children锄dtochildren.Anycontemporarydiscussion51

上海师范大学硕士学位论文

Conclusion

ofAndersen’sstonesshouldtakeintoaccountcenaillpreliminariesthathaVetodowithhiscreatiVetreatmentofthefairytalepattem勰consecratedbythefolktradition,鹤well

as

themodemityofthisself二awaregesturethatis

so

dosetopostIIlodemreinte叩retations

oftraditionallitefary

f0胁s.№艇ry.tale

authori11theWholeworldhadeverbefore

raInbledso丘eeinwriting.Atthesametime,AndersenillVokedthethefairytaleand,throughtheretelling,to

hum锄ri曲t

touse

fe血e

it.

AndersenwasthefirStwriteftotreathisfaifytales於literary

genre锄d

toi11ventnew

as

taleswhichenteredthecollectiVeconsciousnesswiththesamem)rthicpower

the

锄cient,柚onymousones.Almost觚o

hlIIldfed

years世crAndersen

U出y

wrotethem,stories

suchas“TheEmperor’sNewClothes”and“TllleaspeCtsofthehumancondition,whiletlle“SnowQueen”or“TheUttle

Ducklillg”remain

terroror

b)啊ords

for

characte瑙印“om娩iIlgsacrifice,such弱

culture卸d

Chillese

Memaid,”are硒deeplyiⅡlbeddedillbothwestem

cultufe弱those劬mtmditionalfoll【lorel呔e“CindereJla’’or

forAndersen’scontiIluedpopularitywithyoungerand

hisstories

“Sle印illgBe卸ty.”

Perhapsthe

major

rcason

OlderreadersishiSabilityt0infusesymbolismwhichmemes.

hl

with锄unobtnlsive

yetiⅡlportaIlt

transfoms

them丘’ommereentenainm%t

into仃eatmentofuniVersaJ

Anders明’s丘ctionalreality,哲ory

andhappiness

arc

dre锄s

comiIlgtme.Kay,

Gerda,TIhumbeliIIa,Ida,theBrave

kad

Soldief'theUtⅡeMatchbox

shiIlillgin

Sellef柚dtheU酉y

ofworld—famolls

worldsendow

Ducl【lillg缸esomeofthebrighteststars

the丘m锄ent

litera巧Characte璐ofalltimes.Tllleif

destinicS,dre锄s,theirentirespiritllal

thelittlefeaderswithwisdomaIld铲ace.AUtheseefcortshaVemadehistaleswidelyread.

Therichqualityofchildren’sliteratufeiIlherentiIlAnderSen’staleshasiIlspiredChinesewritersthe

and百Ven

birthtoChinesechildren’sliterature.Hisworl【shavebecome

no瑚forwfiterst0

follow,adhereto,asthecriticWangQuangenobserVes,“LeamiIlg

an

缸胁Andersen

fairytales

hasbecomeessential觚d

integralpanofself-cllltivatingforChiIlese

wfitefs”(938).

technolo百cal

as

an

Theworldoftoday,theworldof九lshing

deVelopment,asitis,hails

Andersen,lookiIlgfortheflltureandtakinghim

iIlspirillgstar.Underhisbright

52

上海师范大学硕士学位论文ConcJusionligllt

athechild柚datheadultbecomeonespiritIlalentity,酉orifyingtherigllttobeaparent,teacher锄dchild.AnderSen’sbio伊叩hersoftencite

son’stheprediction:Adaywillcomewheninyour

becomeahonorfirewofl【swillbealit锄dhewillgreatmaIlbutglory柚dfortunewillwaitfofhim

ill10ngwayn’omhereEducation如dnow(RoussinoVa,“AndersenBulgari加Pre—School

Strate西cs’,).

TllliSpredictiontogetherwiththeartisticimpactofhisworl【smiIl舀esinoufideaofhim髓torchlight

stanyofjustice,ama垂ci柚of0verletters,ateacherofthefIltllre.Andellsen’soldagefor200yearsligllth嬲shonechildh00d,oVeradolescence,maturc锄dandwillC0ntiIluetodos0.

So陆thc

hasbecomeawriterhasalmostexclusiVelytalkedaboutAndersen卸dhisfairytales.Itlongcatalogueofproblemsforresearch.nis,however,notcomplete,tobe

onsurc.WfilerofthispapefinVitesfeaderSt0extendtheresearchAnders即趾dhis

worksfIlnher,iftheyfeeliIlterestedmthesubjeCt.53

上海师范大学硕士学位论文Conclusion

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研究生期间科研成果

本人在研究生三年学习期间,在吉林人民出版社出版的《理论探索》上发表了《安徒生童话与<圣经>的渊源关系》一文。并且协助导师王新球教授编写了由上海交通大学出版社出版的《新视角英语专业阅读60篇》一书。

论安徒生童话的深层含义及其艺术特点

论安徒生童话的深层含义及其艺术特点

作者:

学位授予单位:巨铭上海师范大学

相似文献(10条)

1.期刊论文 李红叶.LI Hong-ye 安徒生童话:中国现代儿童文学之源 -昆明师范高等专科学校学报2005,27(3) 安徒生童话是中国儿童文学最初的理想范式.中国现代儿童文学建设者们正是借世界一流的儿童文学经典作品尤其是安徒生童话所蕴有的现代儿童文学理念开启了中国文学的新形式--现代意义的儿童文学.安徒生童话所具有的纯正而丰富的儿童文学艺术因素不但深刻影响了中国现代儿童文学的诞生,而且成为中国儿童文学长期遵循的艺术典范.安徒生童话是中国现代儿童文学之源.

2.期刊论文 李红叶 安徒生童话经典品格的追寻与叩问--兼论其对当代中国儿童文学的意义 -漳州师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)2002,16(1)

对安徒生童话的经典品格的追寻与叩问,成为新时期以来对安徒生童话的接受的一个总的趋势.人们对安徒生童话的接受是与当代儿童文学的自身反省联系在一起的.安徒生童话被作为文学经典从多方面为中国当代儿童文学的建构提供了一个思考的平台和参照的背景.

3.期刊论文 李红叶 叶圣陶与安徒生--兼论中国现代儿童文学对安徒生童话的接受 -中国文学研究2002,""(2) 安徒生是对中国现代儿童文学产生影响最为深刻的外国作家.作为中国现代儿童文学的奠基者,叶圣陶的童话创作深受安徒生童话的影响,但又以其深重的历史责任感和鲜明的"为人生而艺术"的现实主义特色显示了其童话创作中民族文化的积淀和时代精神的要求.叶圣陶对安徒生童话的接受作为一个典型的个案揭示出:安徒生对中国现代儿童文学的影响更多地是属于文体层面的影响,而非童话精神的渗透.

4.学位论文 强粲 安徒生童话与中国儿童教育——兼论安徒生童话作为语文教育资源 2010

儿童是民族的未来,是国家的希望,儿童是具有独立性和主体性的群体。新文化运动的兴起,为安徒生童话的引入提供了历史性契机。安徒生童话优美的语言、精巧的构思和充盈的童趣迎合了儿童的需求,成为现代儿童文学的典范。<br>  

本文主要探讨安徒生童话与中国儿童教育的关系,对作为语文教育资源的安徒生童话进行理论认知。文章共分为五章。第一章旨在结合安徒生童话意义的中国性诠释,理清安徒生童话中国化的进程。第二章通过儿童性视角分析安徒生童话,展现安徒生对儿童性的观照。第三章则从语言、意境、内涵、手法等方面对安徒生童话文本进行文学性解读。第四章探寻安徒生童话对儿童的深层影响。第五章结合当今语文教育中儿童性和儿童主体性的迷失现状,寻求童话在文学教育中的定位,对作为语文教育资源的安徒生童话进行理论认知,揭示在语文教育中正确对待儿童文学的最佳途径。

5.期刊论文 李红叶 安徒生童话在"五四"时期 -湖南师范大学社会科学学报2002,31(3)

安徒生童话对中国儿童文学产生了至为深远的影响.安徒生童话被介绍进入中国并为中国儿童文学界所称誉、所推崇,有着特定的历史渊源.到了"五四"时代,随着"人"的发现而发现了"儿童",人们才发现了安徒生,选择安徒生是中国儿童文学建设初期焦虑与期待的结果.安徒生童话为中国现代儿童文学注入了新的元素.

6.期刊论文 李艳茹 简论安徒生童话在中国的译介与影响 -语文学刊2009,""(7)

安徒生童话从20世纪初被译介到中国一直到新时期的不断重译和出版,有两个关键的阶段和两位重要译者的推动.周作人在民国初年,"五四"之前首次将安徒生童话译介到中国,他也是第一个用白话文翻译安徒生童话的人,极大地促进安徒生童话在中国的译介,这一过程在"五四"之后达到顶峰,对中国儿童文学的产生与发展有巨大的影响.建国之后,叶君健的翻译使安徒生童话在中国的翻译进入一个新时期,使安徒生童话的翻译超越了儿童读物的范围.

7.期刊论文 李艳茹 简论安徒生童话在中国的译介与影响 -语文学刊2009,""(4)

安徒生童话从20世纪初被译介到中国一直到新时期的不断重译和出版,有两个关键的阶段和两位重要译者的推动.周作人在民国初年,"五四"之前首次将安徒生童话译介到中国,他也是第一个用白话文翻译安徒生童话的人,极大地促进安徒生童话在中国的译介,这一过程在"五四"之后达到顶峰,对中国儿童文学的产生与发展有巨大的影响.建国之后,叶君健的翻译使安徒生童话在中国的翻译进入一个新时期,使安徒生童话的翻译超越了儿童读物的范围.

8.期刊论文 李红叶 论安徒生童话对严文井童话创作的影响 -云梦学刊2004,25(3)

中国儿童文学追慕安徒生童话,并使自身的创作获得现代品质.安徒生童话对严文井的童话创作产生了多层次的深刻影响,其影响不止于语言与意象,更是一种精神上的渗透.严文井对童话诗性与哲理的追求及鲜明的现实关怀更直接源于他对安徒生童话浓郁诗意和人道主义精神的推崇.但由于文化背景的差异和儿童文学观念的不同,以及安徒生创作的个人性奇迹,对中国儿童文学而言,安徒生童话是一个高不可及的范本.

9.期刊论文 李红叶 曹文轩的小说艺术与安徒生童话 -湘潭师范学院学报(社会科学版)2002,24(2)

追随永恒、追求文学的经典价值是曹文轩的文学理论与他的作品的最突出的特征,正是在这一个层面上,我们看到了他与安徒生同在,也正是在这一层面上,我们看到了安徒生童话与中国当代儿童文学的精神联系以及这种联系所具有的意义:安徒生童话所代表的文学的古典品格依然有效,"追随永恒"指示了儿童文学多辐向发展中充满魅力的一个辐向.

10.期刊论文 冶伟玲.YE Wei-ling 视角越界与童话翻译——以安徒生童话中英译本为例 -四川教育学院学报2009,25(6)

安徒生童话是世界儿童文学的瑰宝,其儿童读者阅读水平和审美情趣的特殊性是作品翻译的难点和重点,叙事视角的灵活运用和研究为此提供了一条出路,也对童话这一特殊文体的翻译具有参考价值.

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