课前三分钟演讲的多重作用

甘肃省庆阳第三中学 任世科

摘要：课前三分钟演讲就是语文课前学生进行三分钟左右的即兴演讲。演讲方式自由或抽签，一般分三个阶段进行（照本宣科，课前准备，即兴演讲）。主要进行学习生活演讲，贴近生活实际。既能锻炼学生各方面的综合能力，如拥有素材、文艺才能等方面的能力，又能检查学生知识面。而学生自己担任评委，更为这项活动增加了竞争性和趣味性。

关键词：课前演讲 一般流程 综合能力

俗话说：“良好的开端是成功的一半。”《高中语文课程标准》对“口语交际”教学已经做了具体而明确的要求，其主要内容包括：“口语交际能力是现代公民的必备能力。应在具体的口语交际情境中，培养学生倾听、表达和应对的能力，使学生具有文明和谐地进行人际交流的素养。”可见，培养学生的口语交际能力是必须而且必要的。

面对有限的课堂时间，如何让学生从一开始上课就进入角色，达到自主学习的目的，收到良好的效果呢？“课前三分钟演讲” 便是切实有效的方法之一，也是学生口语训练序列的主要做法。

“课前三分钟演讲”，就是在语文课前让学生进行三至五分钟即兴演讲。演讲方式采用自由式和抽签式两种办法。在演讲开始阶段实行自由式演讲，内容、体裁不限。训练一定阶段后进行抽签式演讲，这时的演讲题目应该符合学生的思想实际和认识层次，力求让学生有话可说。

由于语文教学对说话训练的忽视，许多学生要在两三分钟之内阐明一个观点并非易事。针对这一现象，我依照循序渐进的原则分三个阶段进行。第一阶段：允许学生预先写出演讲稿，上台后照本宣科，但要求发音准确声音洪亮；第二阶段：学生可课前准备，但上台后必须脱稿并能仪态大方；第三阶段：即兴演讲，声调要抑扬顿挫，声情并茂。

为了把课前三分钟演讲进行好，先把全班学生分成若干小组。一般四人为一个小组，每组由组长负责安排确定演讲同学次序，并做好对其他小组同学演讲的评价工作。这样，学生不但是参与其中的演讲者，也是负责评价的评论员。为了激发学生演讲参与的兴趣和热情，还设立了演讲评分制度，组长兼任打分的评委。每周的周冠军，每月的月冠军，都及时通报。半学期和全学期总结时都对表现优异同学进行奖励。每节课前的演讲内容涉及宇宙世界，芥草之微，花草虫鱼，社会万象，幽默笑话，读书感悟，生活常识，语言文字，真是包罗万象，精彩纷呈。

课前三分钟演讲开始阶段一般按流程进行，主要进行学习生活演讲。要想得到同学的支持与关注，内容必须新颖有趣，中心明确语言简洁，想做到这些，必须占有大量的材料，这就需要进行广泛的阅读。为了在有限的时间内获得更大的收获，我就有计划有目的地进行阅读指导，如我国古典名著《红楼梦》、《三国演义》、《儒林外史》，现代著名作品《呐喊》、《边城》，当代著名作品《文化苦旅》、《平凡的世界》等，外国的《巴黎圣母院》、《莎士比亚戏剧集》，还可以阅读一些报刊杂志等等，让他们在遨游在名家名篇的海洋的同时获得文学滋养，得到美的享受。

正如王蒙所说：“读书，可以促发写作的冲动，很可能你写的东西与读的东西并无紧密的联系，但你读的书中的某一点或从正面或从反面打动了你的心，于是你就拿起了笔。”的确，读多了学生不但会说话了，说话时还能旁征博引，书面表达的水平也提高了。作文中学生反应出的情绪也清楚地表明了这一切。

课前三分钟演讲要想吸引听众，必须生动活泼贴近生活，这就要求学生不但观察山川草木虫鱼鸟兽，还要洞悉风土人情，品味人生的酸甜苦辣，领悟社会的风云变幻，能对人生社会进行深刻的体验。甚至有学生开始对汉字起源进行挖掘，进而咬文嚼字。这样让学生直接与生活和社会接触，不但能开清泉之源，而且说起话来也有血有肉深刻感人。这样不但提高了学生的语文素养，还陶冶了他们的情操。

课前三分钟演讲活动不仅培养了学生的说话能力，还锻炼了学生的胆识和气度，增强了学生的自信心，并能以说促读，以读代写。首先，它促进了知识的积累和交流，为写作提供

了丰富的素材，学生写作时不再是千人一面万口一声，而是百花齐放，有血有肉；其次，因为讲演时间限制在三分钟内，这就要求说话者必须言简意赅、思路清晰、见解独到。由于说话者就在眼前，所以说话的针对性敏捷性往往比写文章要求更高，这就使学生的思维能力得到了锻炼，为学生写有较深思想性的作品奠定了基础。

到后来，课前三分钟演讲也成为学生展示才艺的舞台。一名学生上台上先从一首歌曲《同桌的你》开始，谈到人应该如何对待友情，引来全班学生热烈的掌声。一名学生谈起汉字“男”“女”的造型特征，进而咬文嚼字，尽管理解不够准确，却显得情趣盎然。一名学生谈起当代中国乐坛如数家珍，许多乐手也是学生喜爱的偶像，这让同学在惊讶之余也受到了良好的教益。一名学生讲到食物对于性格缺陷有益，使听众乐开了怀。一名学生反弹琵琶，讲起诸葛亮的谋事不足与性格缺点时，让同学在独辟蹊径的观点中看到了别出心裁。

课前三分钟演讲不但是比拼实力的机会，也成为检查学生知识面的时候。演讲不但考察一个学生的知识能力，也能看出他掌控舞台与观众的能力和表达知识时的丰富程度。看着学生把物理知识、数学知识、天文地理知识等融合在演讲的内容中，在黑板上自由挥洒的时候，演讲不再是一种享受的过程，而是为自己赢得尊敬与自信的好机会了。

小组长担任演讲评委，不但要对演讲同学的优缺点进行评价，而且从自身也开始注意问题。在后来演讲的过程中，学生不但注重了演讲的思想内容，而且注意使用体态语言。课堂内的掌声因为演讲而此起彼伏，这掌声既有对同学演讲过程上忘词时的鼓励，也有对演讲内容的肯定，更有对演讲者精彩之处的赞同。台上台下打成一片，气氛和谐，一下子为课堂增添了无数的亮色。

通过努力和坚持，原来不愿说话的学生都能张开嘴了，心里胆怯的学生都敢发表见解了，还有许多学生变得口齿伶俐、性格开朗、能言善辩，他们说话生动幽默，严密而有逻辑性并充满了时代气息。

注：此论文可发表于20xx年6-7月份。

作者姓名:任世科

出生年月：1971-08-29 性别：男

籍贯：甘肃省庆阳市 职务：教务主任

研究方向：中学语文教法

工作单位：甘肃省庆阳市第三中学

详细邮寄通讯地址：甘肃省庆阳市西峰区九龙路110号

邮编：745000

联系电话187xxxxxxxx 民族：汉 职称：中学一级

As the saying goes: "a good beginning is half of success." The Chinese

curriculum standard "high school for" oral communication "teaching has already made a specific and explicitly request, its main contents include:" oral

communication ability is the necessary ability of modern citizens. Should in specific situations of oral communication, raises the student to listen to, expression and deal with ability, make students have a civilized and

harmonious interpersonal communication to the accomplishment." Visible, cultivate students' oral communication ability is needed and necessary.

Facing the limited class time, how to let students from the beginning of the class came into roles, achieve the purpose of autonomous learning, receive the good

result? "Three minutes before class lecture" is effective method, and also one of college students' oral English training sequence of main methods.

"Three minutes before the speech", it is to let students in Chinese class three to five minutes impromptu speech. Speech means USES freestyle, and ChouQianShi two measures. During a speech at the start of the speech,

content, implement freestyle genre is limitless. Training a certain stage, when ChouQianShi speech after the speech topic should accord with the student's actual thinking and understanding level best to make students have words, can be said.

Due to speak Chinese teaching of ignored, many students training in two or three minutes to clarify a view is not easy. In reaction to the phenomenon, in accordance with the principle of gradual I in three phases. The first stage: allowing students to write in advance, after taking scripted speech, but to

demand the pronunciation accurately loud; Second stage: students can stage before preparations, but must be improvised and can 1.deportment and generous; Stage 3: impromptu speech, tone to melodious, with musical. In order to put the three minutes before class are good, the first speech class are divided into groups. General four people, each group by a team leader responsible for arranging determine sequence, and completes the speech to students of other groups classmate speech evaluation. In this way, students not only, also be involved in the speaker for evaluation of commentators. In order to arouse students' interests and enthusiasm of speech participation, has also established a speech rating system, group leader concurrently scoring judges. Weekly weeks champions, monthly month champions, seasonable bulletin. Half of the semester and the whole semester summary of outstanding students when rewards. Every class lecture content involves universe, mustard grass micro, flowers and plants, insects, fish, society, reading books jokes all thoughts, life common sense, language, really all-encompassing, brilliant. Three minutes before class began stage according to the flowchart, major general study life speech. To get students interest and support new and

interesting, content must concise, clear language, center, must want to do

these occupies a lot of material, which requires extensive reading. In the limited time to gain greater harvest, I planned on reading guidance purposefully, such as our classificationcof classics "a dream of red mansions", "three kingdoms", satiring fictions, modern famous works scream and town of phoenix,

contemporary famous works of some of the culture, the ordinary world "etc., foreign" Notre Dame DE Paris ", "Shakespeare's plays", can also read some newspapers, magazines etc, let them navigate in the famous masterpieces in the ocean and get the literature nourish, get beautiful enjoyment.

As wang meng said: "reading, writing, contributed to the impulse of can write something probably you with what you read and no closely linked, but you read books or from somewhere in from the opposite side or moved your heart, and then you picked up the pen." Indeed, read many students would not only speak, speak can also lead, written expression level also improved. The mood of the students reaction composition also clear that all of this.

Three minutes before class presentation should want to attract the audience, must be lively close to the life, which requires the students not only observe mountains and vegetation even birds and animals, insects, fish, and the life taste divined customs, understand the suantiankula social changeable,

profoundly to the experience of life society. Even a student begins for Chinese characters, and speaking like digging origin. So let students directly with life and social contact, not only can open source of spring, and began to speak also fleshed out impressive. Such not only improve the students' Chinese accomplishment, still edify their sentiment.

Three minutes before class lecture activities not only cultivate the students' speaking ability of the students, but also exercise courage and bearing,

enhance the students' confidence, and to promote reading to read said write. First, it promotes the knowledge accumulation and communication, for writing providing rich pickings, the student writing is no longer a sound which ignores million mouth, but flowering, flesh; Secondly, because speech time limit in three minutes, this requires the speaker must concise, clear thinking, ideas are

original. Due to the speaker is here, so speak pertinence agility often

demanded higher than writing articles, which makes the students' thinking ability get the exercise, for students to write a deep philosophical works laid a foundation.

Afterwards, three minutes before the speech also become students show their talent arena. A student from a song on stage before the beginning of your "rose should be how to treat, talked about friendship, joining the class warm applause.

A student talked about Chinese character "male" "female" modelling

characteristics and, despite speaking like inadequate understanding accurate, but appear interest is full. A student talked about contemporary Chinese pop, as he sees them, many musicians is also student favorite idol, this lets classmate was astounded also had good advice. A student talked about food for the character flaws beneficial, cause the audience le opened a bosom. A student rebound pipa, speak up and disposition of insufficient destination zhuge liang, let classmates on shortcomings of unique saw ingenuity views.

Three minutes before the speech not but the opportunity, also competition strength check when students become knowledge. Speech not only inspects a students' knowledge ability, also can see his ability to control the stage and audience of rich expression and knowledge level. Look at student physical

knowledge, mathematics, astronomy geography knowledge in the speech in the content of fusion, on the blackboard writing, speech of freedom is no longer a enjoy process, but for yourself win respect and confident good chance. The group leader, not only to the judges as speech on the advantages and disadvantages of speech evaluate students from itself, and also began to pay attention problems. Later in the process, the student speech not only pay attention to a speech and note the ideological content, using body language. Because speech classroom applause, the applause and waged for students in the course of the speech as the forgotten the words of encouragement, also have the affirmation of the speech, there are more places to the speaker of the wonderful acceptance. Bizet mixed on the harmonious atmosphere in the classroom, all added numerous light color.

Through hard work and persistence, originally reluctant to speak the students can open your mouth, fainthearted opinions of the students dare, there are still many students become the blarney stone, the personality is bright, articulate, they speak vivid humorous, strict and logical and full of the spirit of The Times.