读《娱乐至死》有感

中特4班 数媒学院王宁宁2013111748 《娱乐至死》的作者是尼尔·波斯曼，他是世界著名媒体文化研究者和批评家，美国各大媒体发表多篇评论，高度评价波斯曼对后现代工业社会的深刻预见和尖锐批评。

在《娱乐至死》里，波斯曼指出，一切公众话语日渐以娱乐的方式出现，并成为一种文化精神。我们的政治、宗教、新闻、体育、教育和商业都心甘情愿地成为娱乐的附庸，毫无怨言，甚至无声无息，其结果是我们称了一个娱乐至死的物种。这是一份精彩、有力、重要且难以辩驳的控诉书。

在书中，我印象最深刻地是波斯曼提出的一种理论，他说，有两种方法可以让文化精神枯萎，一种是奥威尔式的——文化成为一个监狱，另一种是赫胥黎式的——文化成为一场滑稽戏。

乔治·奥威尔曾在《一九八四》中预言人们将会遭受外来压迫的奴役，失去自由，我们的文化成为受制文化，赫胥黎在《美丽新世界》中表达了另外一种忧虑，人们会渐渐爱上压迫，崇拜那些使他们丧失思考能力的工业技术。尼尔·波斯曼在《娱乐至死》中告诉大家的是，可能成为现实的，是赫胥黎的预言，而不是奥威尔的预言；毁掉我们的，不是我们所憎恨的东西，而恰恰是我们所热爱的东西！

在本书中，尼尔·波斯曼表达了对著名学者马歇尔·麦克卢汉“媒介即信息”理论的赞同，麦克卢汉认为，深入一种文化的最有效途径是了解这种文化中用于会话的工具。波斯曼则写道，媒介的形式偏好某些特殊的内容，从而能最终控制文化。这些观点的提出充分佐证了印刷术时代没落，电视时代蒸蒸日上对媒介所传播内容的改变起到的重大影响。某个文化中交流的媒介对于这个文化精神中心和物质重心的形成有着决定性的影响。总结以上观点就是，不同的媒介承载了不同的传播内容和不同的意义，而这些都凝聚成了不同时期文化的关注重心，从而发展出不同的文化内涵。

媒介的独特之处在于，虽然它指导着我们看待和了解事物的方式，但它的这种介入却往往不为人所注意。因为媒介构造了一个拟态环境，传播媒介通过对象征性事件或信息进行选择和加工、重新加以结构化以后向人们提示的环境，而这种活动是媒介内部进行的，所以人们通常意识不到这一点，往往把“拟态环境”作为客观环境本身来看待。

电视和现在的互联网各种媒介就发挥了这种作用，通过设置“热点”来吸引大众的注意力，影响人们对周围热点事件的把握，而有些信息和大众并没有直接联系，并且各种事件并不关联，只是电视的倾向影响着公众对于所有话题的理解。 现在的我们已经处于尼尔描述的世界里，处在一个讯息和行动比严重失调的时代，在空前便利的电子传媒时代，我们比任何时候都聪明，也比任何时候都轻飘。

 

第二篇：《毛猿》读后感

Reflection on the Hairy Ape — 沈梦玲 英语10-2 The play tells the story of a brutish, unthinking laborer known as Yank, and he was constantly striving to search for a sense of belonging in a world controlled by the rich. At first Yank feels secure as he stokes the engines of an ocean liner, and is highly confident in his physical power over the ship's engines. However, when the weak but rich daughter of an industrialist in the steel business refers to him as a "filthy beast," Yank undergoes a crisis of identity. He leaves the ship and wanders into Manhattan, only to find he does not belong anywhere—neither with the socialites on Fifth Avenue, nor with the labor organizers on the waterfront. Finally he is reduced to seeking a kindred being with the gorilla in the zoo and dies in the animal's embrace.

In my eyes, this is a tragical story, I was filled sympathy for Yank as well as terror fo the rapid development of every aspect of our society and the ever-increasing indifference among human beings. To put it simply, as society develops and evolves, the cleavage between the wealthy and the poor classes has become a more and more serious problem. The affluent people often show contempt to the poor for they consider wealth has brought them ecstasy, whereas the poor run into overwhelming pressure, world is like the cold un fathomable lifeless abyss for them. It is the society that contributes to Yank's tragedy, and Yank is only a small part of the victim in a rapid evolving society. Once one feels alienated from society, he will be obsessed with the desolation and distress.

It's true that the reality is harsh, but the fact is that opportunity are always for the prepared person. If Yank really adapted to the society, he would survive under the substantial pressure. He's brutish, easily bothered, physically strong, unable to think, he himself didn't have the capability to live in the complex society. In the light of this fact, I think maybe he deserved it.

In conclusion, nobody can thwart the advances of society, thus all we need to do is to be sociable and take initiative in communicate with others, so as to adapt to the rapid development of society.