Reading report

Elected reading:The Debate about Shakespeare's Character, Morals, and Religion in Nineteenth-Century Germany.

By: Weiss, Wolfgang. Critical Survey. 2009, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p87-102. 16p. DOI: 10.3167/cs.2009.210307.

数据库: Academic Search Premier

Context

As a great poet and playwright who lived far away from our time, William Shakespeare was a mystery in terms of his life. In order to have a better understanding about his literary works, a variety of subsequent Shakespeare scholars did all kinds of speculations about his life such as his character, moral and religious belief. According to Wolfgany Weiss, the writer of “The Debate about Shakespeare?s Character, Morals, and Religion in Nineteenth-Century Germany”, there was a passionate discussion mainly about what kind of man Shakespeare was and which religion he believed.

What ?s the relationship between Shakespeare and Germany? Why did german have a debate about Shakespeare? Wolfgany Weiss explained these to us. In the second half of the eighteenth century, Shakespeare was discovered by German poets and critics who chose Shakespeare?s dramas as their literary model. From then on, Shakespeare had a profound impact on German literature. In the first decades of the nineteenth century, Shakespeare became not only widely known but also was naturalized in Germany and enthroned as the third classic German poet beside Goehte and Schiller, which set off a heated discussion about him.

First is the debate about his character. There were mainly two opposite opinions about his character. One side appreciated him as a perfect man just like he was a great poet. In these scholars? eyes, Shakespeare owned great and noble nature. They thought Shakespeare had become one of the great authorities and moral leaders of the German. However, there were a several scholars holding the opposite opinions. They considered Shakespeare as a proud and ambitious man, a social climber who wanted to become a gentleman but only on the basis of his fortune and properties. What supported their view was that Shakespeare was fully conscious of his poetical talents and proud of his achievements as a playwright.

In my opinion, I am more willing to believe that Shakespeare is a good man in his life, although there was quite few records about his character. Maybe he was not so perfect, but at least he was diligent and smart writer. In Shakespeare?s life, he wrote so many outstanding literature works, which needed enough wisdom and thoughts about life. Now that he created varieties of characters who had different personalities in his plays, then he was supposed to have broad vision and mind about life.

As for the German scholars?s views, the former judgement was too absolute. They worshiped Shakespeare as a king, which forgot that he was also a ordinary human being and he also had shortcomings. The later judgement about Shakespeare is also unfair. They judged his character just according to the contemporary ideal of an energetic and enterprising middle-class man full of willpower. Obviously, Shakespeare lived in Middle Ages when capitalist economy was still in its infancy. So, they chose the wrong angle to judge Shakespeare.

Shakespeare?s character as a spiritual leader or a secular writer led to the second debate-----what?s his morals and his philosophy, since morals and religion were then thought to be closely linked to each other.

The opinions about his religious belief were really complicated. Shortly speaking, there were mainly three kinds of views about the religion. One was that Shakespeare was a faithful protestant; second was just opposite with the first which speculated him was a crypto-Catholic; the third opinion varying from the former two claimed that he was a atheist and a despiser of all religions who was neither a Protestant nor a Catholic. All the three guesses had their own foundations.

The first argument was based on Shakespeare?s born and education. Because he was born and educated as Protestant. The second was established on Shakespeare?s daughter?s name. He named his daughter Susanna after the heroine of chastity in the Old Testament.

However, the third view was put forward because some thoughts reflected from Shakespeare?s works. Shakespeare once said:” the religious, the lunatic, and the poet are of imagination all compact”, also they believed that Shakespeare?s Sonnets 74 contained a denial of the Redemption.

Actually, the three judgements were reasonable to some extent. But what?s on earth Shakespeare?s religious belief? According to me, he was neither a pious Protestant nor a crypto-Catholic, or a atheist. He didn?t have a fixed religious belief, and he just lived the right life in the right environment. Although he was born and educated as Protestant, his mother was a Catholic. So he was

influenced by both Protestant and Catholic, which resulted in he was familiar with them but didn?t have a lifelong passion on any of them. His life experience also can prove this point. Once a period of time, he was a member of the Lord Chamberlain?s Men, an acting troupe under the patronage of Queen Elizabeth 1. That?s to say, he made performances for the Queen who was a Protestant. But it didn?t represent that he was a faithful Protestant. Because just like the content just mentioned, he did named his daughter Susanna, a name which didn?t conform with Protestant regulation.

The debate about Shakespeare caused by Germany scholars is still go on today. But, no matter what kind of character Shakespeare owns and what religious belief he chooses, it won?t prevent Shakespeare from being the great poet and playwright. His contribution to world literature is significant and irreplaceable.

 

第二篇：莎士比亚名言(中英文对照、爱情、读书、励志

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目 录

一：莎士比亚名言--中英对照部分

二：莎士比亚名言--关于爱情

三：莎士比亚名言--关于读书

四：莎士比亚名言--关于励志

真爱无坦途。 /

都可以被转化成美满和庄严：爱情不用眼睛辨别，而是用

3.2)

Since the little wit that fools have was silenc’d, the little foolery that wise men have makes a great show. (As You Like It, 1.2)

自从傻子小小的聪明被压制得无声无息，聪明人小小的傻气显得更吸引眼球了。——《皆大欢喜》

世界是一个舞台，所有的男男女女不过是一些演员，他们都有下场的时候，也都有上场的时候。一个人的一生中扮演着好几个角色。 ——《皆大欢喜》

Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold. (As You Like It, 1.3)

美貌比金银更容易引起歹心。——《皆大欢喜》

Sweet are the uses of adversity. (As You Like It, 2.1)

逆境和厄运自有妙处。——《皆大欢喜》

Do you not know I am a woman? When I think, I must speak. (As You Like It, 3.2)

你难道不知道我是女人？我心里想什么，就会说出来。——《皆大欢喜》

Love is merely a madness. (As You Like It, 3.2)

爱情不过是一种疯狂。——《皆大欢喜》

O, how bitter a thing it is to look into happiness through another man’s eyes! (As You Like It) 唉！从别人的眼中看到幸福，自己真有说不出的酸楚！——《皆大欢喜》

It is a wise father that knows his own child. (A Merchant of Venice 2.2)

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知子之父为智。——《威尼斯商人》

Love is blind and lovers cannot see the pretty follies that themselves of Venice 2.6)

爱情是盲目的，恋人们看不到自己做的傻事。——《威尼斯商人》All that glisters is not gold. (A Merchant of Venice 2.7)

闪光的并不都是金子。——《威尼斯商人》

没有比较，在聒噪里歌唱，才能达到

Measure 2.1)

—《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》

You gods divine! Make Cressida’s name the very crown of falsehood, if ever she leave Troilus. (Troilus and Cressida 4.2)

神明啊！要是有一天克瑞西达背叛特罗里斯，那么就让她的名字永远被人唾骂吧！——《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》

Beauty! Where is thy faith? (Troilus and Cressida 5.2)

美貌！你的真诚在何方？——《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》

Take but degree away, untune that string, and, hark, what discord follows! (Troilus and Cressida

1.3)

没有了纪律，就像琴弦绷断，听吧！刺耳的噪音随之而来！——《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》 要一个骄傲的人看清他自己的嘴脸，只有用别人的骄傲给他做镜子；倘若向他卑躬屈膝，不过添长了他的气焰，徒然自取其辱。 ——《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》

O, she dothe teach the torches to burn bright! (Romeo and Juliet 1.5)

啊！火炬不及她那么明亮。——《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

My only love sprung from my only hate ! (Romeo and Juliet 1.5)

我唯一的爱来自我唯一的恨。——《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

What’s in a name? That which we call a rose by any other word would smell as sweet. (Romeo

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and Juliet 2.2)

/名称有什么关系呢？玫瑰不叫玫瑰，依然芳香如故。

It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. (Romeo and Juliet 2.2)

A little more than kin, and less than kind. (Hamlet 1.2)

Frailty, thy name is woman! (Hamlet 1.2)

脆弱啊，你的名字是女人！——《哈姆雷特》

The time is out of joint – /言贵简洁。——《哈姆雷特》

There are more in and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy. (Hamlet 1.5)

/

/

There’s a special providence in the fall of a sparrow. (Hamlet 5.2)

一只麻雀的生死都是命运预先注定的。——《哈姆雷特》

The rest is silence. (Hamlet 5.2)

余下的只有沉默。——《哈姆雷特》

Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust them. (Othello 1.2)

收起你们明晃晃的剑，它们沾了露水会生锈的。——《奥赛罗》

O, beware, my lord, of jealousy; it is the green-eyed monster which doth mock the meat it feeds on. (Othello 3.3)

主帅啊，当心你会嫉妒，那可是一只绿眼的妖魔，它惯于耍弄爪下的猎物。——《奥赛罗》 Good name in man and woman, dear my lord, is the immediate jewel of their souls: Who steals my purse steals trash; ’tis something, nothing. (Othello 3.3)

无论男人女人，名誉是他们灵魂中最贴心的珍宝，如果有人偷走了我的钱袋，他不过偷走了一些废物，那不过是些毫无价值的东西罢了。——《奥赛罗》

O, curse of marriage, that we can call these delicate creatures ours, and not their appetites! (Othello 3.3)

啊！婚姻的烦恼！我们可以把这些可爱的人儿据为己有，却无法掌控她们的各种欲望。——《奥赛罗》

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We cannot all be masters, nor all masters cannot be truly followed. (Othello 1.3)

Nothing will come of nothing. (King Lear 1.1)

一无所有只能换来一无所有。——《李尔王》

1.1)

逆子无情甚于蛇蝎。——《李尔王》

我没有路，我们往往因为有所自恃而失之于大意，反不如缺陷却能对我们有益。

‘

/

黑暗无论怎样悠长，白昼总会到来。——《麦克白》

世界上还没有一个方法，可以从一个人的脸上探察他的居心。——《麦克白》

Cowards die many times before their deaths; the valiant never taste of death but once. （Julius Caesar 2.2）

懦夫在未死以前就已经死了好多次；勇士一生只死一次，在一切怪事中，人们的贪生怕死就是一件最奇怪的事情。——《凯撒大帝》/《英雄叛国记》

行为胜于雄辩，愚人的眼睛是比他们的耳朵聪明得多的。——《凯撒大帝》/《英雄叛国记》 Men’s judgments are a parcel of their fortunes; and things outward do draw the inward quality after them, to suffer all alike. (Antony and Cleopatra 3.13)

智慧是命运的一部分，一个人所遭遇的外界环境是会影响他的头脑的。——《安东尼和克里奥帕特拉》

Do not , for one repulse , give up the purpose that you resolved to effect .

不要只因一次失败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。

第二部分：莎士比亚爱情名言

爱是一种甜蜜的痛苦，真诚的爱情永不是一条平坦的道路的。

要和一个男人相处的快乐，你应该多多了解他而不必太爱他。

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要和一个女人相处的快乐，你应该多爱她，却别想要了解她。

爱情就像是生长在悬崖上的一朵花,想要摘就必需要有勇气。

今天我要收回对你的全部的爱，因为我要慷慨地再给你一次。

忠诚的爱情充溢在我的心里，我无法估计自己享有的财富。

爱，和炭相同，烧起来，得想办法叫它冷却。 爱情是事外者所不能理解的！

爱情不是花阴下的甜言，不是桃花源中的蜜语，爱情是建立在共同上的基础上的。

我承认天底下再没有比爱情的惩罚更痛苦的，

也没有比服侍它更快乐的事了。

1

2鸟儿没有翅膀

3

4

那错不在与命运， 而在于我们自己

.因为被骗的人,全成为他的拥护者.

That is a question

往往故意向我们说真话，在小事情上取得我们的信任，然后我们在重要的关头便会堕入他的圈套。

我没有路，所以不需要眼睛；当我能够看见的时候，我也会失足颠仆，我们往往因为有所自恃而失之于大意，反不如缺陷却能对我们有益。

爱，和炭相同，烧起来，得想办法叫它冷却。让它任意着，那就要把一颗心烧焦.

你一定要听我的嘱咐，把野心抛掉，天使们就是因为犯的野心的罪而堕落的，而人不过是他的创造主的影像，岂能希望通过野心而得到胜利？

请用理性的液汁熄灭或减弱感情的火燄吧

真理是喜欢公开交易的。

这些高贵的天赋一但使用不当，思想腐化，必然变为罪恶，其面貌比起原来的秀丽来更丑恶十倍。

说实话，我认为与其绫罗绸缎，珠光宝影，生活在忧愁痛苦之中，不如出生清寒，和贫贱人来往，倒落个知足常乐，还更好些。

在你的右手里永远举着温顺的和平牌，免得忌妒之徒说閒话。

虽说荣华易逝，但是如果真是因为不和，因为命运的关係，使他和荣华富贵一刀两段，这痛苦也真跟灵魂和肉体分家一样啊！

爱你自己要爱在最后，珍惜那些恨你的人，诚实比起腐败会给赢得更多的好处。

我们追赶一件东西的时候，不可跑的太勐、太快，跑过了头，反而得不到。难道你不知道勐

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火烧汤，汤涌出锅外，好像汤多了，其实是损耗了？

我宽恕所有的人。儘管人们作了无数对不起我的事，的怨恨来建造我的坟墓。

我比起那些控诉我的卑鄙之徒还要富足的多，他们从来不知

道什麽是真理。我现在立誓，而且用我的鲜血立誓， 依靠帝王的颜色而生存的人是多麽可怜啊！我们身上的毁灭之间，存在着多少痛苦和恐惧啊！他依但失败，就像撒旦一样，便是永劫不复.

时间徜不照顾人，就会摧毁人的。

善良的人，你的欢欣的眼泪表明你心地真诚。

德，就是丧失了我这副躯体，

女人不是去了解的,是去爱的

甜裡加甜, 不见其甜；乐中加乐, 在时间的大钟上, 只有两个字 -- .

知识是帮助你飞上天的翅膀 .

魔鬼也会引证圣经来替自己的居心辩护。从敌人嘴里发出的讚美，

我们的善行必须接受我们过失的鞭策，我们的罪恶却又赖

.

美满的爱情,使斗士紧绷的心情松弛下来 .

太完美的爱情,伤心又伤身,身为江湖儿女,没那个闲工夫

嫉妒的手足是谎言！

上帝是公平的，掌握命运的人永远站在天平的两端，被命运掌握的人仅仅只明白上帝赐给他命运！

一个骄傲的人，结果总是在骄傲里毁灭了自己

爱是一种甜蜜的痛苦，真诚的爱情永不是一条平坦的道路的。

因为她生的美丽，所以被男人追求；因为她是女人，所以被男人俘获

如果女性因为感情而嫉妒起来那是很可怕的.

不要只因一次挫败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的

女人不具备笑傲情场的条件.

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