培根论读书

《论读书》是培根随笔中的一篇

读书可以作为消遣，可以作为装饰，也可以增长才干。

孤独寂寞时，阅读可以消遣。高谈阔论时，知识可供装饰。处世行事时，知识意味着才干。懂得事务因果的人是幸运的。有实际经验的人虽能够处理个

别性的事务，但若要综观整体，运筹全局，却唯有学识方能办到。

读书太慢的人驰惰，为装潢而读书是欺人，完全按照书本做事就是呆子。 求知可以改进人性，而经验又可以改进知识本身。人的天性犹如野生的花草，求知学习好比修剪移栽。学问虽能指引方向，但往往流于浅泛，必须依靠

经验才能扎下根基。

狡诈者轻鄙学问，愚鲁者羡慕学问，聪明者则运用学问。知识本身并没有告诉人怎样运用它，运用的智慧在于书本之外。这是技艺，不体验就学不到。 读书的目的是为了认识事物原理。为挑剔辩驳去读书是无聊的。但也不可过于迷信书本。求知的目的不是为了吹嘘炫耀，而应该是为了寻找真理，启迪

智慧。

书籍好比食品。有些只须浅尝，有些可以吞咽，只有少数需要仔细咀嚼，慢慢品味。所以，有的书只要读其中一部分，有的书只须知其梗概，而对于少

数好书，则应当通读，细读，反复读。

有的书可以请人代读，然后看他的笔记摘要就行了。但这只应限于不太重要的议论和质量粗劣的书。否则一本书将像已被蒸馏过的水，变得淡而无味了。

读书使人充实，讨论使人机敏，写作则能使人精确。

因此，如果有人不读书又想冒充博学多知，他就必须很狡黠，才能掩人耳目。如果一个懒于动笔，他的记忆力就必须强而可靠。如果一个人要孤独探索，

他的头脑就必须格外锐利。

读史使人明智，读诗使人聪慧，学习数学使人精密，物理学使人深刻，伦

理学使人高尚，逻辑修辞使人善辩。总之，“知识能塑造人的性格”。 不仅如此，精神上的各种缺陷，都可以通过求知来改善——正如身体上的缺陷，可能通过适当的运动来改善一样。例如打球有利于腰背，射箭可扩胸利肺，散步则有助于消化，骑术使人反应敏捷，等等。同样道理，一个思维不集中的人，他可以研习数学，因为数学稍不仔细就会出错。缺乏分析判断的人，

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他可以研习而上学，因为这门学问最讲究细琐的辩证。不善于推理的人，可以研习法律案例。如此等等。这种心灵上的缺陷，都可以通过学习而得到改善。

《论读书》是培根随笔中的一篇

英文版：Of Study (论读书）

STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be

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read by deputy, and extracts made of them bothers; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled

books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.

Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man\'s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind, may

have a special receipt.

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第二篇：培根论读书

Of Studies

Studies serve for delight(pleasure), for ornament, and for ability. 学以自娱,自我修饰完善,自我能力提高.( 读书学习是为了获得享受、养成斯文及发展才干的。) 过隐居生活)

; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business办事的决断和处理上。(它所获得的享受，主要是表现在独处和索居时；所养成的斯文，主要是表现在谈吐上；所发展的才干，主要表现在办事的决断和处理上) but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. 因为，经验丰富的人固然能做事，也许还能洞察细枝末节，但在总体上的统领和运筹帷幄上的才干，则惟有出自于那些博学的人士

To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar.

学习上用时上太多是磨洋工；学以致用时过于咬文嚼字是矫情；凡事都靠书本的教条是书呆子钻牛角尖了。

They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: 读书学习使天资完善，但学识本身又要靠实践去充实； 剪一样，人的天赋也是需要经过读书学习来发展的。Just like natural plants, natural abilities need pruning(trimming)

and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large过于泛泛too broad

Unless they are checked by experience 而且，学习也要靠经验划定一个范围，否则就会漫无边际而流于空洞。

Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them;

心计多的人鄙视读书，老实人向往读书，惟有精明人则在运用读书。 学问本身并不教人如何运用它们); but that is a wisdom without (outside)them, and above them, won by observation.

学问本身并不教人如何运用它们，相反，应用之道是在书本之外和书本之上的一种智慧，是靠体验而获得的。

Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.

读书既不能吹毛求疵，也不能轻信尽信，更不能为了猎取谈话的资料而断章取义，而应为了省察和思想。

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; 有些书应选读，有些书应粗读，少量的书应细读和精读。 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化

that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the

也即是说，有些书只要阅读其中一部分就行；有些书可以通读，但不必过于用心；少量书则应全读，且认真细致的读。有些书可以请人代读，再用人做出摘要来读即可，但此读法只限 1

用于次要的和二流的书籍；否则，读摘要的书就和喝蒸馏的水一样索然无味。

Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.

读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。

And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural

philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs

and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers\' cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.

因此，不常动笔的人，非得记忆力过人不可；不常与人交谈的人，非得有急中生智的能力不可；不常读书的人，就的小聪明绝顶，不懂时还能装懂/

史学使人明智，诗歌使人颖异，数学使人精细，科学使人渊博，论理学使人庄重，逻辑与修辞使人善辩。“读书陶冶个性。”不仅如此，心志上的任何障碍，无不可以通过方法得当的读书学习来消除的；这就像身上的各种疾病都有相应的运动来调理似的。保龄球对膀胱和肾脏有益；射箭对胸腔和肺部有益；散步对肠胃有益；骑马对大脑有益等等。因此，心神涣散的人应研究一下数学，因为在数学的演算和求证之中，稍有走神的话，就得从头再做一遍。不善分辨异同的人应研究一下经院哲学家的著作，因为这一学派的学者是连头发都拆开来分析的人。不善于由表及里、也不善于触类旁通的人，应研究一下律师们的案例。这就是说，心志上的毛病都是有其对症的特效疗方的。

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