三月份 每日一句

3月1号

Yellowstone’s hidden moral disputes offer wider lessons to America, a country that is increasingly divided and unusually keen on tackling complex ethical questions in judicial and quasi-judicial settings.

词汇突破：1. moral disputes 道德争论

2.Be keen on 执着于?

3.Tackle 处理，解决

4.Judicial 司法

5.quasi-judicial 准司法

（quasi-official body 半官方团体）

更多例句：Federal administrative bodies issue rules and regulations of a quasi-legislative character.

联邦行政机构发布规章制度是一个准立法行为.

6.setting 环境 in research settings 在研究环境中

主干识别：Yellowstone’s hidden moral disputes offer wider lessons to America. “A offers wider lessons to B”

黄石公园中隐藏的道德之争给美国提供了更加宽泛的教训。

其他成分： ，a country that is increasingly divided and unusually keen on tackling complex ethical questions in judicial and quasi-judicial settings. 同位语

这个是在我们的长难句课上讲过的非常典型的同位语形式。

“句子，n+定语从句”

微观分析： ，a country /that is increasingly divided/ and unusually keen on tackling complex ethical questions in judicial and quasi-judicial settings.

1) America is a country.

2) America is increasingly divided.

3) America is unusually keen on tackling complex ethical questions in judicial and quasi-judicial settings.

刚开始读句子的时候切得细一些是有好处的，无论是对于句子的准确理解 和翻译都是有帮助的。

在翻译的时候1）肯定就不用翻了。

参考译文： 黄石公园中隐藏的道德之争给美国提供了更为宽泛的教训。美国变得 越来越分化，（或者译为：分歧越来越多）而且美国也异常执著于在司 法或准司法环境下处理复杂的伦理问题。

（知识提示： 很多时候道德和伦理问题不能简单的用司法手段来解决的，比如说安乐死，死刑、堕胎、枪支管理或气候变暖，甚至雾霾的治理，这里面都涉及到很多方面。但是美国人很执着于法律是万能的，现在美国人也意识到这个问题了，才有了这个句子。） （今天的句子不用背，能清楚的知道结构就可以，需要背的句子我会标注！）

3月2号

“环保”就一定是正面词汇吗？

“科学”就一定是正确的吗？

环境问题是一个宏大的话题。经济发展，技术进步和环境之间的争论一直都没有停止过。上个世纪90年代就有考研真题节选过一篇关于Science &Anti-Science 的文章； 科学家往往会把部分极端的环保主义者当做是反科学的。同时环保团体在美国的势力也非常大，有的时候他们在国会的游说力量之强大会让总统都忌惮。很多环保团体甚至借环保之名控制了很多社会资源的分配。所以“科学”，“环保”这样一些非常正面的词汇在美国社会的语境中都是很中性的一些词，并不意味着科学就一定对，环保就一定好。

同学们可以关注《寂静的春天》，大家会发现真理是在一次次的试错之后产生的。

我相信通过考研英语的准备我们会变得更加理性和全面的看问题。下面这个句子就是来自那篇文章。

The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.

词汇突破：1.environmentalist 环保主义者

2.Inevitably 不可避免的

3.depletion of the ozone layer 臭氧层破坏（这属于是环保的标配词汇）

4.consequences of industrial growth 工业增长的后果

5.critics 批评

6.pioneer 先驱

7. question 质疑

8. argue 认为

（今天是两句话哦）

第一句比较简单就不解析了。

The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics.

环保主义者们不可避免地对这样的批评做出了回应。

第二句：主干识别： argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University,

= Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University argues

主谓充当的插入语：

The true enemies of science are those

其他成分：a pioneer of environmental studies, 同位语

who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth. 定语从句

翻译点拨： 切分之后调整语序（按中文习惯）

1.Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University （is）a pioneer of environmental studies,

2.Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University argues

斯坦福大学的Paul Ehrlich是环境研究方面的先驱， （这样诡异的不知道读音的人名在考场上一般就直接抄英文）他认为，

或者翻译为：

环境研究方面的先驱之一，斯坦福大学的Paul Ehrlich认为，

3. The true enemies of science are those

科学真正的敌人是这样一些人。

4. who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.

他们质疑支持全球变暖，臭氧层破坏和其他一些工业增长后果的证据。

或者：

科学真正的敌人是质疑支持全球变暖，臭氧层破坏和其他一些工业增长后果的证据的那些人。 参考译文：环境研究方面的先驱之一，斯坦福大学的Paul Ehrlich认为，科学真正的敌人是质疑支持全球变暖，臭氧层破坏和其他一些工业增长后果的证据的那些人。

3月3号

在英语中，表述某人的观点时，可以把说话的人和动词作为插入语放到句子的中间或结尾。同时可以调换主语和动词的位置。

举例：

1.kevin said " I am not fat, and I am just strong."

"I am not fat " ,said kevin," and I am just strong."

3. Father shouted" come here and sit down!"

"come here," shouted father, "and sit down！”

"come here and sit down!” shouted father.

这样的例子有很多，以后再给大家补充更多的例句。

记得去看微信中的内容。

最近是lianghui，所以请大家原谅了。很多词汇都通不过审核。

这里马上加了一句关于英国医改的句子！

来自于20xx年11月的经济学人！

The Conservatives’ main move has been to back away from their own reforms, passed in 2012, which increased competition, gave health officials more autonomy and handed control over the purchase of care to groups of local doctors.

词汇突破：1.Conservatives 保守党

2.Move 举动，行动

3.Autonomy 自主权

4.Control （名词）控制权 Control over A 对于A的控制权

5.purchase v.或者n. 购买

6. Hand A to B 将A交给B

主干识别：The Conservatives’ main move has been to back away from their own reforms 其他成分：passed in 2012 定语

which increased competition, gave health officials more autonomy and handed control over the purchase of care to groups of local doctors. 定语

微观分析：which=reform

Reform发出了三个动作：

increased competition

gave health officials more autonomy

handed control over the purchase of care to groups of local doctors.

参考译文：保守党的主要举动是退出自己20xx年通过的改革，这次改革增加了竞争，给卫生官员更多的自主权，并将购买医疗服务的控制权交给了本地的医生团体。

3月4号

这是最新的一期经济学人上的一个段落。美国的经济是否复苏，不同的专家有不同的看法。这篇文章的核心观点就在这一段。一共四句话，都不长，但是是一个完整的意群。循序渐进哦。因为晚上做讲座回来的比较晚，就提前发了，大家记得签到就好。

America has some of the world’s most impressive manufacturing facilities. But talk of “renaissance” is certainly overblown. Growth is being driven by a small number of industries, which are hiring few new workers. And even high-tech operations, at which America should excel, are struggling.

词汇突破：

1. facilities 设备，能力

2. impressive令人印象深刻的(一般表语的时候就是形容一个人和事优秀)

3. manufacturing 制造业

4. renaissance 复兴

5. overblown 被夸大的

6. industry 工业（产业）

7. excel at 擅长 （还有一个搭配是 excel in,是一个意思）

8. struggling 挣扎 （通常就是指境遇不好）

解析：

第一句：

America has some of the world’s most impressive manufacturing facilities.

美国拥有某些世界上最为优秀的制造设备。

第二句：

But talk of “renaissance” is certainly overblown.

但是“复兴”这种说法确实言过其实了。

第三句：

Growth is being driven by a small number of industries, which are hiring few new workers. 增长是由一小部分产业带来的，这些产业基本没有雇佣新的工人。

（注释：是否促进就业人口增加是产业复苏的标志之一）

第四句：

And even high-tech operations, at which America should excel, are struggling.

切分为两句：

1. at which America should excel

= America should excel at high-tech operations.

2. And even high-tech operations are struggling.

美国应该擅长高技术含量产业，但这些产业也还在苦苦挣扎

The economy and the labourmarket bear the consequences.

Bear the consequences通常指的就是:遭受了负面的影响。

This lack of languageskills also lowers growth.

对于发展也不利。

In the linguistic gloom,there are a few bright spots.

在不好的情况当中也有一些好处。

Bright spots = upsides =silver linings =benefits = advantages

在来一个句子：

Getting children started at a young age is admirable.

让孩子早点开始（学语言）是值得赞赏的。

He made his points withadmirable clarity.

他阐述观点明确，值得赞赏。（特别注意这里将admirable单独翻译，很棒的翻译技巧） 刚才是餐前小甜点，现在才是正餐。

THE establishment view is that the public rage aimed at two of Westminster’s long-serving and mostrespected MPs, Sir Malcolm Rifkind and Jack Straw, this week was unwarranted---a case of anti-politics feeling gone mad.

固有的观点认为，本周公众对议会中两位资深的，受人尊敬的议员：Sir Malcolm Rifkind andJack Straw所产生的愤怒是不合理的，这就是一个反政治情绪失控的典型案例。 词汇突破：

1.establishment view 固有的观点

2.public rage 公众的愤怒

3.Westminster 威斯敏斯特（伦敦市的一个行政区，英 国议会所在地）所以也代指议会，议会政治

4. long-serving 资深的

5. MP : member ofparliament 议员

6.unwarranted =unjustified 不合理的

主干识别：

THE establishment view isthat…

其他成分：

表语从句的主干：

the public rage wasunwarranted

这是整个句子理解的关键！（没有找出来的，好好复习主谓隔离！）

aimed at two of Westminster’s long-servingand most respected MPs, Sir Malcolm Rifkind and Jack Straw, this week

定语修饰rage;

a case of anti-politics feeling gone mad.

表语从句的同位语

参考译文：固有的观点认为，本周公众对议会中两位资深的，受人尊敬的议员：Sir Malcolm Rifkind andJack Straw所产生的愤怒是不合理的，这就是一个反政治情绪失控的典型案例。

3月5号

From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.

【词汇突破】 1.democratic：民主的

2.populist：平民主义的

3.urge: 可以是动词也可以是名词；动词：促使

名词：渴求

4.smell of :有（或发出）...气味

smells of elitism. 有精英主义气味的，（这样不符合中文说话的习惯，可以改为：带有精英主

义色彩的。有同学说，老师我想不 到，不用纠结，想不到很正常，在翻译这个事情上，学会放过自己，考研翻译本来就不是重点，能成什么样子就是什么样子，能学 多少就学多少，重点是别理解出错就好。）

【主干识别:】our democratic and populisturges have driven us to reject anything+定语从句

【其他成分】says Hofstadter插入语；our democratic and populisturges have driven us to?可提炼出sth has driven sb to do? 这个句 型；that smells of elitism定语从句，修饰anything。（注 意smell的介词搭配）

【微观解析】若是觉得插入语干扰了正常的理解，可将这个句子变 为Hofstadter says ”From the beginning of ourhistory, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism。”这样的由直接引语构成的宾 语从句会降低句子的难度

【难点揭秘】灵活的利用插入语改变句式是这个句子给我们的启示。

【译文赏析】Hofstadter说，从我们的历史一开始，我们对于民主化和大众 化的渴求就迫使我们拒绝一切带有精英主义色彩的东西。

3月6号

Be Brave: When something scares you, don't forget: everyone else is just as scared as you are. 勇敢一点：当你害怕的时候，不要忘了，其他人也跟你一样害怕。

（和大家一起共勉！）

今天的句子是去年12月经济学人的句子，句子不难，单词很棒好好背，周末愉快！

But this time round a slump would be unlikely to lead to a broader contagion, since it would be confined to private markets and a few large firms with strong balance-sheets.

词汇突破：

1. this time round 这一次（时间状语）

2. slump 经济衰退

3. contagion 影响

4. be confined to 局限于

5. strong balance-sheets 优良的资产负债表（财务状况良好）

主干识别：aslump would be unlikely to lead to a broader contagion

其他成分：since引导的原因状语从句since it would be confined to privatemarkets and a few large firms with strong balance-sheets构成。It指代slump，

参考译文：但这一次，经济衰退可能不会有大范围的影响，因为它将只局限于私 人市场和拥有漂亮资产负债表的几个大公司

The service, planned for release in mid-2015, will offer a simple installation process in which web operators will apply to receive digital certificates that can be used to prevent the interception of information when it is passing between a web browser and an internet server.

词汇突破：

1. installation 安装

2. certificates 证书

3. interception 拦截，截取

4. web browser 网络浏览器

主干识别：The service will offer a simple installation process.

其他成分：planned for release in mid-2015 定语

in which web operators will apply to receive digital certificates/ that can be used to prevent the interception of information when it is passing between a web browser and an internet server. 定语从句修饰a simple installation process；

微观分析：定语从句中的that can be used to prevent the interception of information when it is passing between a web browser and an internet server.修饰digital certificates

when it is passing between a web browser and an internet状语从句

参考译文：这项服务计划在20xx年年中发布；它的安装过程十分简单，在这个过程中，网页运营商可以申请接收数字证书，这些证书可以用来防止信息在网络浏览器和服务器之间传递时被截取。

3月7号

Human history began when the inheritance of genetics and behavior which had until then provided the only way of dominating the environment was first broken through by

conscious choice.

词汇突破：1.Inheritancen. 继承；遗传；遗产

2.Genetics n.遗传，遗传学

例句：Smoking, rather than genetics,was the cause of his early demise.

导致他英年早逝的原因是吸烟而非遗传

3.dominating 支配

4.broken through 打破

5. conscious 有意识的

6. until then 直到那时；（在句子有时也可以处理为：一直）

主干识别：Human history began

其他成分：when the inheritance of genetics and behavior which had until then provided the only way of dominating the environment was first broken through by

conscious choice.

状语从句

微观分析： 状语从句主干：

theinheritance of genetics and behavior was first broken through by consciouschoice

定语从句：

Which（=the inheritance of genetics andbehavior） had untilthen provided the only way of dominating the environment

翻译点拨： 刚才的分析就是我们在翻译的课堂上常讲的第一步：句子结构分析，保证句子理解的正确性。

到了第二步我们就不能按英语的结构来翻译了，就应该按照中文的表达习惯来翻译了。具体的讲就是：每个过长部分都可以单独成句；然后按中文语序排列；

刚才的句子可以翻译为三个句子：

1. Human history began

人类历史开始了

2. when the inheritance of genetics and behaviorwas first broken through by conscious choice 当遗传和行为的继承第一次被有意识的选择打破的时候

3. Which（=the inheritance of genetics andbehavior） had untilthen provided the only way of dominating the environment

遗传和行为的继承一直提供了唯一支配环境的方式

=遗传和行为的继承一直是支配环境的唯一方式。

大家会发现这个句子按照321的顺序会很通顺，因为符合中文时间顺序的表达习惯： 参考译文：遗传和行为的继承一直是支配环境的唯一方式，当这种继承第一次被有意识的选择打破时，人类的历史就开始了。

3月8号

这是本周写obamacare 的文章，奥巴马的医改方案可以说是其6年执政时期最重要也是最耗其精力的法案。对于美国政治和社会的印象也是非常深刻的。

The stakes are high. With subsidies removed, many people would find their insurance policies unaffordable. And the broader insurance market would be thrown into turmoil unless Congress acted swiftly to re-draft the law. Given the vast differences between the Republican-controlled Congress and the president, a deal to revise Obamacare would be nearly impossible to reach. 词汇突破：

1. stakes 风险；利益；筹码；重要性；

2. subsidies 补贴

3. insurance policies 保单

4. turmoil 混乱

5. re-draft 重新制定

6. Republican-controlled 共和党控制的

7. revise 修改

8. Given 因为

第一句：

The stakes are high.

风险很高。

第二句：

With subsidies removed, many people would find their insurance policies unaffordable. 句子解析：With subsidies removed, 独立主格结构

还原为句子：subsidies are removed.

many people would find their insurance policies unaffordable. 主干

如果取消了补贴，很多人会发现他们支付不起保单。

第三句：

And the broader insurance market would be thrown into turmoil /unless Congress acted swiftly to re-draft the law.

语序很顺，直接翻译，不做切分；

而且，更大的保险市场会陷入混乱之中，除非国会能及时的重新修订法律。

第四句：

Given the vast differences between the Republican-controlled Congress and the president, a deal to revise Obamacare would be nearly impossible to reach.

主干：a deal would be nearly impossible to reach.

因为在共和党控制的国会和总统之间存在着极大的分歧，所以重新修订奥巴马医改方案的协议几乎不可能达成。

（补充：所以在这件事情又得到最高法院哪里去判决了。那九个大法官的态度又很重要了。）

经济学人这样的杂志和卫报这样的杂志，在写作的时候很喜欢用一些短语或口头语，有的时候我们可以通过上下文推断出来，但是如果能之前就积累一些这样的知识，会极大的提升信心 ，赢得成功！下面是18个表达，大家先看看你能知道多少个意思，然后再看我后面的解析。记得写下你正确的数字。

1.We are cut from the same cloth.

2.What you're asking is just shy of treason.

3.I don't like frank.

But I hate being in the minority even more.

4.I am not the big fan of those odds.

5.Nobody on this planet wants to see frank underwood go to jail more than I do.

6.You did this to me.

7.The political landscape shifted.

8.The truth is a powerful thing.

9.Haven't you built a fortune by minimizing risk?

10.Walker is a junk bond quickly depreciating, whereas I can end the conflict with China and keep you in the black.

11.It might give you some small degree of comfort.

12.Puccini's a downer.

13.Compelling reason

14.Those things have a strong pull on someone like me.

15.No matter how strong the wind blows against us.

16.You will find enclosed on a separate sheet a wish list for our future .

17.I wanted you to know beyond a shadow of a doubt that I will side with you.

18.I can never fill your shoes.

1.We are cut from the same cloth.

我们是同一类人。

2.What you're asking is just shy of treason.

注意短语： shy of 几乎?

你要求我做的几乎就是在叛国。

3.I don't like frank.

But I hate being in the minority even more.

我不喜欢frank ,但我更不喜欢做少数派。

4.I am not the big fan of those odds.

我不喜欢这样的机率。

5.Nobody on this planet wants to see frank underwood go to jail more than I do.

这个世界上没有谁比我更愿意看到frank underwood入狱了。

6.You did this to me.

是你让我这样的。（你害了我）

7.The political landscape shifted.

政治的风向变了

8.The truth is a powerful thing.

真相往往是最有力的。

9.Haven't you built a fortune by minimizing risk?

难道你没有通过最小化风险来积累你的财富？

10.Walker is a junk bond quickly depreciating, whereas I can end the conflict with China and keep you in the black.

注意短语：in the black 赚钱

Walker 就是一个垃圾股而且在迅速贬值。但是我可以让你结束和中国的冲突，让你赚钱。

11.It might give you some small degree of comfort.

这样可能会让你稍微好受一些。

12.Puccini's a downer.

Puccin是一个悲观者；

13.Compelling reason

充分的理由

14.Those things have a strong pull on someone like me.

这些事情对我这样的人很有吸引力

15.No matter how strong the wind blows against us.

无论情况对我们有多么的不利

16.You will find enclosed on a separate sheet a wish lists for our future.

你可以在另外一张纸上看到我对未来的愿望清单。

17.I wanted you to know beyond a shadow of a doubt that I will side with you.

注意短语：side with 支持

我希望你毫不怀疑的相信，我是支持你的。

18.I can never fill your shoes.

我永远比不上你。

今天的句子是奥巴马医改方案的影响，美国的医改是近几年的热点，很有可能会在2016阅读中出现，请关注！

One of the biggest shifts under way is to phase out the “feefor service” model, in which hospitals and doctors’ surgeries are reimbursedfor each test or treatment with no regard for the outcome, encouraging them toput patients through unnecessary and expensive procedures.

词汇突破：1.phase something out: 逐步或分阶段撤出或终止某事物

2. reimburse 补偿，偿还，补贴

3. introduce制定

4. under way正在进行的

5. with noregard for 无论

6. surgery 外科手术

7. procedure治疗手段

主干识别：One of the biggest shifts under way is tophase out the “fee for service” model 其他成分：in which hospitals and doctors’ surgeriesare reimbursed /for each test or treatment/ with no regard for the outcome 定语从句（独立成句）

在这个模式中，医院和医生所实施外科手术，无论结果怎样，都可以从每一次测试或治疗中获得回报，

encouraging them to put patients through unnecessary and expensiveprocedures

状语（独立成句）

发出动作的就是前面的“整个句子”=这；

这就鼓励他们让病人接受一些不必要的和昂贵的治疗。

encourage这个词其实就是个因果词。表示因果关系。

参考译文：正在进行的一个最大的变化是逐步的停止“费用换服务”的模式，在这个模式中，医院和医生所实施外科手术，无论结果怎样，都可以从每一次测试或治疗中获得回报，这就鼓励他们让病人接受一些不必要的和昂贵的治疗。

今天的句子是需要背的！

Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.

【词汇突破】instead :相反（表示句间的转折）但千万注意：instead of=not （句中的否定词） hypocritical 虚伪的；

spectacles 景象

ample 充足的

radical 激进的，根本的

journalist 记者，新闻工作者

advocate 支持；声称

participatory democracy 参与制民主

enrolled in 注册入学，入伍

【主干识别】we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles 主谓结构的被动态

【其他成分】 which now more than ever seem in ample supply 定语从句修饰spectacles；“：”之后列出三种虚伪的景象的代表人物，举例说明。

【微观解析】定语从句还原为一个完整的句子：The spectacles now more than ever seem in ample supply.其主干为：The spectacles seem in ample supply；now more than ever为状语。代表人物一 the critic of American materialism（美国物质主义的批评者） with a Southampton summer home;（其拥有南安普顿的避暑山庄）；代表人物二 the publisher of radical books（激进书刊的出版者）who takes his meals in three-star restaurants，定语从句讲他们却在三星级酒店就餐（因为激进主义者往往是最求生活极简的）；代表人物三 the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life（支持在人生的各个阶段推崇参与制民主的记者）whose own children are enrolled in private schools定语从句讲他们自己的孩子却在私立学校上学（私立学校的教育是精英制的，而参与制民主是需要和大众贴近的）。

【难点揭秘】冒号后并列的三个部分就是三个名词后面接上比较长的定语修饰，这样就造成了阅读的困难；

【译文赏析】相反，我们看到了这些非常虚伪的景象，他们似乎比以前的任何时候都更多见：批判美国式物质主义的人却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山庄：激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐；倡导在人生各个阶段实施参与式民主的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。

【翻译点拨】we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles如果直接翻译那就是：我们被招待

了很好的虚伪景象；这样的说法并不符合中文的习惯，中文是多主动，英语多被动，因此句子转译为：我们看到了这些非常虚伪的景象fine 处理为非常。

今天经济学人杂志的文章中有这么一句话：

Last year nearly 1m Americans filed for bankruptcy.

这里的考点词就是 file for：申请；

这句话背后的知识就是美国人是可以申请个人破产的。

补充两个单词：

debtor 债务人

creditor 债权人

一个独立主格结构：

With inflation low and wages weak, the increase of consumer debt is worrying.

通货膨胀率低，工资水平不高，所以消费者债务的增加是令人担忧的。

在结尾的时候有这样的表达：

whether reform just increases profligacy remains to be seen.

Profligacy:浪费，肆意挥霍；

改革是不是只是增加了浪费还不得而知。

今天的句子需要背：

It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.

词汇突破：auditors 审计人员

Distract 分散注意力

cash register 收银机

切分：It is entirely reasonable/ for auditors /to believe that /scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there/ should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.

简化：it is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that A should not be distracted by B. A= scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there

B= the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.

通过这样的切分和简化，大家会发现其实复杂的就是由名词牵扯出来的成分。

微观解析：scientists should not be distracted 宾语从句主干

who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there 定语从句修饰scientist where they are going and how they will get there定语从句中know的宾语从句

by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.状语

of keeping one eye on the cash register修饰the necessity 做定语；

while the other eye is on the microscope状语

（一个ing结构本质上就是一个句子，是可以带上一个状语从句的。这里的while和前两天的while不一样，表示的是伴随）

译文赏析：审查者完全有理由相信，哪些知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该由于必须一只眼盯着收银机，另一只眼盯着显微镜而被分散注意力。

（ By短语在句子中是充当状语，翻译为原; where they are going and how they will get there处理为知道做什么，知道怎么做，这样的表达符合中文的习惯。如果直接翻译为：知道他们要去哪里和怎么去，就是对于字面含义的翻译。属于死译）

还可以翻译为：审查者完全有理由相信，有些科学家是不应该由于必须一只眼睛盯着收银机，另一只眼镜盯着显微镜而被分散注意力的。因为，他们知道自己准备做什么和怎么去做。 （收银机代表钱，显微镜代表科研；科学家应该专注于科研，不需要考虑钱的事情）

所以又可以这样翻译： 对于十分清楚方向并且知道方法的科学家们，审计者完全有理由相信他们不应该在做研究时，为了科研经费而分心。

今天的句子也需要背！

To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments，as well as new treatments and vaccines，animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst． 词汇突破：unaware 未认识到的，未觉察到的

Vaccine 疫苗

Cruel 残忍

句子切分：To those/who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments，as well as new treatments and vaccines，/animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst．

简化： To A, animal research seems wasteful and cruel．

A= those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments，as well as new treatments and vaccines

其他成分： who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments，as well as new treatments and vaccines (those的定语从句)

状语：at best 至多，充其量;顶多

at worst adv.在最坏的情况下 （这两个短语的翻译是需要在语境中来 完成的）

翻译点拨：可以将任何一个较长的部分单独成句。再翻其他部分；一般将英文的被动可改译为中文的主动；

参考译文： 有些人不了解生产这些治疗手段以及新的一些治疗手段和疫苗是需要动物研究的。对于他们而言，动物研究说的好听是浪费，说的难听是残忍。

还可以翻译为：对于一些人而言，动物研究说的好听是浪费，说的难听是残忍。因为他们不知道生产这些治疗手段以及新的治疗手段和疫苗是需要动物研究的。

这周的经济学人出了Special report,是关于Hispanic的，这个词不要去查字典，因为这个词在美国的语境中现在是这个意思：American residents of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, South and central American descent. (拉美裔的美国人)；给大家补充这个知识点

今天的句子是和美国地方政治有关的，来自这周的经济学人。

Reflecting Iowa’s clout as host of the first caucuses of the presidential election cycle, the summit lured nine putative candidates, all of them Republicans.

词汇突破：clout: power or influence 权力，影响力

Caucus： meeting 特指政党召开的决策干部的会议，这是美国政治中很常见的一个单词；就是推选当地政党“扛把子”的会议，常常充满明争暗斗。

Putative：generally supposed to be； 公认的

Summit：峰会

Lure：吸引

主干识别：the summit lured nine putative candidates

其他成分：Reflecting Iowa’s clout as host of the first caucuses of the presidential election cycle （非谓语动词做状语）动作发出者就是meeting；独立成句！

all of them Republicans

（独立主格做状语）独立成句

也就是说这个句子其实是由三个句子合并而成！请结合我长难句课程的讲解来强化这个句子。

参考译文：Iowa州是总统竞选中第一次地方干部会议的主办方，这次峰会反映出它的影响力，这次峰会也吸引来了九位公认的候选人，这些人都是共和党人。

家庭作业：查一下Iowa的中文怎么写，在美国的那个位置。

结合语境我做了修改。

背景补充：在爱荷华州的党团会议影响力是很大的，因为它是总统竞选的前哨，出的票选结果最早，这样就会影响后面的结果走向。

A long-held view of the history of the English colonies that became the United States has been that England’s policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to more imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objective, generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution.

这是一个很经典的GRE的句子，不过很适合考研同学学习。

词汇突破: A long-held view 长久以来的观点

Dictated主导

Dominated 主导

Imperial policy 帝国政策

expansionist militarist objective 扩张主义的军事目标 （顺便说一下：名词也可以做定语：eligibility age = eligible age）

主干识别： A long-held view has beenthat?and that...

其他成分： of the history of the Englishcolonies that became the United States （ view 的修饰成分）

England’spolicy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests 表语从句一

a change tomore imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objective, generatedthe tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution.表语从句二

微观分析： of the history of the Englishcolonies that became the United States

后来变成美国的英国殖民地的历史（够饶的）

a change tomore imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objective, generatedthe tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution.表语从句二

主干：a change to more imperial policy generated the tensions that ultimatelyled to the American Revolution.

其他成分：, dominated by expansionist militarist objective,（这里主要从语义入手就好了，说其实定语和状语都是可以的）

参考译文： 对于后来成为了美国的英国殖民地，人们一直以来持有下面的观点：1.在1763年之前，英国对于这些殖民地的政策被经济利益所支配。2.之后在扩张主义的军事目标的左

右下转向了一种帝国政策，这样形成了一种紧张局势，并最终导致了美国革命。

翻译点拨： 先理清楚句子的结构，保证理解的正确。断开后再根据中文的表达习惯进行调整。

这是最新一期经济学人中的一篇关于休斯顿发展的文章，非常符合考研文章特点，我做了以下的摘抄：

Houston is an oil town. It is not pretty，but it thrives.

但是现在全球油价在大幅下降这必然对这座石油之城造成影响。

With reduced demand, many small manufacturers and suppliersare sure to go bust, says Patrick Jankowski, an economist with the Greater Houston Partnership, a local lobby. But the real question is whether a more general slump follows. If high-paying corporate posts go, the effect on therest of the Houston economy could be dramatic. Yet there are signs that, this time,Houston’s spectacular growth will be slowed rather than stopped by the oil slump. 词汇突破:

1.Bust：衰退，破产；反义词 boom (描述宏观经济的时候常这样说：boom and bust 兴衰)

2.Lobby :游说团体

3.Slump：衰退；oil slump 油价下跌

4.Spectacular：辉煌的

5.Dramatic: 严重的同义词：drastic / dreadful ; dreadfulheadline 负面报道

句子解析：

第一句：

With reduced demand, many small manufacturers and suppliersare sure to go bust, says Patrick Jankowski, an economist with the GreaterHouston Partnership, a local lobby.

主干：many small manufacturers andsuppliers are sure to go bust.

其他成分：, says Patrick Jankowski, 主谓做插入语

With reduceddemand, 状语

an economistwith the Greater Houston Partnership,

alocal lobby同位语

参考译文：Patrick Jankowski是当地一家游说团体the Greater Houston Partnership的经济学家，他说随着需求的减少，很多小的制造商和供应商一定会破产。

第二句：

But the real question is whether a moregeneral slump follows.

但是真正的问题是会不会产生更大范围的衰退。

第三句：

If high-paying corporate posts go, theeffect on the rest of the Houston economy could be dramatic.

如果高薪的公司职位没有了，那么对于休斯顿经济的其他方面的影响会很严重。

第四句：

Yet there are signs that, this time, Houston’s spectacular growthwill be slowed rather than stopped by the oil slump.

但是有迹象表明，这一次，休斯顿辉煌的增长会由于油价下跌放缓而不是停止。

这就是整个文章的主题句！

接了下来的句子就会讲为什么这次的石油价格下跌不会对休斯顿带来非常严重的影响。

文章的结尾有这样一句话：

Sprawl may not be pretty—but it seems to work.

Sprawl：城市杂乱无章的扩张。

（这次休斯顿应对油价下跌的一个办法就是通过城市的扩张来完成的。）

上午在宾馆看CNN新闻，看到星巴克的老总发起的一个活动“race together”，引起了很大的争议。星巴克是好意，为了引起人们对种族问题的关注，但是大家质疑一个咖啡店是否能承担这样的话题。不管怎么样2016的考研阅读种族问题是热点。

今天的句子很经典！

The pursuit of private interests with as little interference as possible from government was seen as the road to human happiness and progress rather than the public obligation and involvement in the collective community that emphasized by the Greeks.

词汇突破：pursuit 追求

Interference 干涉

Obligation 责任，义务

Involvement 关于，涉及，参与

rather than 而不是

Greeks 不是“格瑞克斯”哈，是希腊人

主干识别：The pursuit of private interests was seen as the road to human happiness and progress.

其他成分：with as little interference as possible from government 状语

rather than the public obligation and involvement in the collective community that emphasized by the Greeks.状语

难点解析：最难的就是第一个状语的语序，其实如果看句子比较多的同学你会发现这种用法基本是种习惯用法了，我来帮你调一下语序：

with as little interference as possible from government=

with interference from government as little as possible

这样就懂了吧。

在真题中有这样一个结构：

in as obvious a manner as possible

试着调整一下语序；

别问我歪果仁怎么要这样写，他们是逗逼呗。

参考译文： 在尽可能少的ZF干预下追求个人利益被看作为通往人类幸福和进步的道路， 而不是希腊人所强调的集体社会中的公共义务与参与。

今天的句子是在昨天句子的基础上延展的，需要背诵！

His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

词汇突破：analogous 类似于

Obligation 义务

Manner 方式

Reason 推理

Reveal 揭示（在这个句子中最好翻译为“展示”）

Function 在这个语境中应该是“职责”

句子主干：His function is analogous to that of a judge.

（各位在问为什么要有that of； analogous是有比较含义的词，所以比较对象要工整！that=function）

其他成分：who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.定语从句

微观分析：who=judge 或者就是前面的he,因为两人的职责是类似的所以指代谁都是一样的。 这个部分的难点在于你要识别出revealing的宾语

revealing the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

in as obvious a manner as possible做的是状语，回想一下昨天我们是怎么处理的： in a manner as obvious as possible

用尽可能明显的方式；

（ ，in the manner of a hero ,用一种英雄的方式）

后面的which led him to his decision修饰过程，你问我为什么不修饰reasoning，你自己翻译就知道不通顺了，这是语法解决不了的二义性，从语法上讲都是可以的时候就只有看语境了。 参考译文：他的职责与法官相似，他必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。

对于美国律所的诟病一直就没有停过，效率低下，收费昂贵，管理混乱。而美国的律所之所以还能赚钱就是因为这是一个相对闭塞的系统，其他人很难走进去。而现在情况在发生改变，会计师事务所开始慢慢的蚕食律师的市场了。其中著名的四大会计师事务所：Big Four accounting networks (Deloitte, EY, KPMG and PwC)自己查一下这四家是哪四家，他们提供的工作对于毕业生来讲还是有吸引力的。他们发起的攻势非常猛。这边文章的题目就是：Attack of the bean-counters. ( bean counter=accountant账房先生)

Even the biggest law firms may be anachronistically inefficient. They are run by lawyers ,not professional managers, insist on charging by the “billable hour” rather than by results and use little technology more advanced than e-mail. Nonetheless, most big law firms have continued to be highly-profitable.

Only now is a serious threat to the law firms’ cozy existence emerging.

Law firms that are sub-scale and inefficient risk ruin.

The Walmarts and Amazons of professional services are at their gates, and the legal industry’s halting pace of creative destruction is set to accelerate as a result.

词汇突破： 1. anachronistically

时代错误地

形容词：anachronistic

例句：

In remembering historic events, the mistake you tend to make is anachronistic.

在记历史事件时，你容易犯的错误是时代错误。

（这样一个巨型单词，推荐大家关注公共微信：liuyinanlaoshi，听听一男老师怎么让你快速记住这些单词的。一男会每天和我一起配合讲解这这些词，他也坚持十多天了，逗比认真起来也蛮感人了，不过他一直是很认真的逗比。）

2. billable hour 按小时收费 （这是律所的一种收费方式）

3. cozy 舒服的

4. risk 这个词作动词的时候，大家可能没有关注过用法：

看两个例句吧：

（1）She was risking her own and her children’s health.

（1）使?冒风险；

（2） They risked death.

（2）冒着/面临?的风险；

5. emerge : 出现 emerging market 新兴市场；

6. ruin 毁灭

7. halt 停止

8. accelerate 加速

9. Nonetheless 但是

句子解析：第一句：

Even the biggest law firms may be anachronistically inefficient.

参考译文：甚至一些大的公司可能效率都很低下，这是时代病。（副词单独成句） 第二句

They are run by lawyers ,not professional managers, insist on charging by the “billable hour” rather than by results and use little technology more advanced than e-mail.

解析：They are run by?,insist on?and use?这里动作的发出者都是they，三个动词的并列。 Little?more advanced than?=最高级（little是否定词，否定加比较=最高级）考场上看不懂也不用慌，总之在说律所的缺点。

参考译文：这些公司是由律师来经营的，而不是职业经理人；他们坚持按小时收费，而不是按结果收费； 他们用的最先进的技术就是电子邮件。

第三句：

Nonetheless, most big law firms have continued to be highly-profitable.

参考译文：但是大多数的大公司赚取着高额的利润。

第四句：

Only now is a serious threat to the law firms’ cozy existence emerging.

解析：Only now 置于句首引起句子的部分倒装。

正常语序：

A serious threat to the law firms’ cozy existence is emerging only now.

参考译文：直到现在，对于法律公司（律师事务所）舒适存在的严重威胁才开始出现。 第五句：

Law firms that are sub-scale and inefficient risk ruin.

解析：Law firms risk ruin.

参考译文：那些规模不大的效率不高的法律公司面临破产的危险。

第六句：

The Walmarts and Amazons of professional services are at their gates, and the legal industry’s halting pace of creative destruction is set to accelerate as a result.

解析：professional services: 这个表达一般指法律，咨询，财务等业务。

Walmarts and Amazons 曾经对零售业产生了巨大的冲击，所以后来习惯用他们来比喻行业的改变者。

creative destruction： 如果破坏是为了更好的未来，那么这样的毁灭就是有创造性的

参考译文：职业服务的变革者已经兵临城下了，因此，法律行业逐渐停下的创造性破坏的步

伐就该准备加速了。（该加速破坏了！不能停了！）

今天的句子需要背诵！

Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.

【词汇突破】apart from 除开；相当于besides; in addition to 的意思。

promote 促销，推广

（用微信的同学记得点微信结束时的promotion 推广，我的微信kkenglish）

Parliament：议会

live up to：不辜负，在翻译时常处理为符合

govern 治理，限制，规范（这个词的意识很多，可以在语境中理解）

【主干识别】no regular advertiser dare promote a product

【其他成分】Apart from the fact 介词结构作状语；that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising同位语从句对fact的进一步阐释；that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements定语从句，修饰product。

【难点揭秘】这句话的主干较为清晰，复杂的地方在于多重的否定。我们可以找到no和fail这两个具有否定意思的词，根据汉语知识可知双重否定为肯定，这样一来句意就会清楚很多。对于否定词的敏感度不够会造成歧义。状语部分的识别也有一定难度。

【译文赏析】 议会制定了27条法案来管理广告的内容，除此之外，任何一个正常的广告商也不敢去推销与其广告承诺不符的商品。

（这篇文章的背景是讲英国的广告是很靠谱的。）

【翻译点拨】对于live up to 的翻译用到的是常见的反译法的技巧，反译法即正话反说，来表达相同的意思。如：.I lay awake all night.（我一夜没合眼.。） He never lies.（他每次都说真话。）

Making a buck is becoming progressively。more challenging for brick-and-mortar retailers. Nearly two decades after Amazon.com and others began to chop away at the underpinnings of the traditional retailing business model, the pervasiveness of smartphones, the emergence of the digitally empowered consumer, and the prospect of one-day delivery make the future of physical retailing seem ever more tenuous.

词汇突破：Makea buck 挣钱

Progressively 越来越

Challenging 挑战性

brick-and-mortar retailers 实体零售商

chop away at 削弱;动摇

underpinning （理论）基础

pervasiveness 遍布，普及

empower 获得?能力

physical retailing 实体销售

tenuous 脆弱;

句子解析：1. Makinga buck is becoming progressively more challenging for

brick-and-mortarretailers.

对于实体店而言，赚钱变得越来越困难

2. Nearly two decades afterAmazon.com and others began to chop away at the underpinnings of thetraditional retailing business model, the pervasiveness of smartphones, theemergence of the digitally empowered consumer, and the prospect of one-daydelivery make the future of physical retailing seem ever more tenuous.

句子主干： A, B and C make D seemever more tenuous.

A= thepervasiveness of smart phones,

B= theemergence of the digitally empowered consumer

C= theprospect of one-day delivery

其他成分：Nearly twodecades after Amazon.com and others began to chop away at the underpinnings ofthe traditional retailing business model,时间状语

参考译文：二十多前，亚马逊以及其他公司就开始削弱传统零售商业模式的理论基础，智能手机无处不在，消费者拥有了数字技术的能力，快递业可以当日送达，这些都使得实体销售的前景似乎更加岌岌可危。

今天的句子需要背诵，建议先自己把翻译写出来!这是某年的翻译真题，你看看你的中文和参考译文的差距。

Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.

主干识别：Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world. 其他成分：to produce a unique millennium technology calendar 状语

that gives the latest dates 状语中名词calendar的定语从句

when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.前面定语中latest dates 的定语从句

（通常when之前出现时间名词就是定语从句；有同学疑惑害怕误判定语从句和状语从句，其实不用担心，在考研英语中这两种从句总是要切开独立成句的。主要别切错就好！） 翻译点拨：词汇的处理：

Pearson 皮尔森(人名音译)

pieced together 汇集；综合

around the world 世界各地，全世界

produce 编制

a unique millennium technology calendar 一个独特的技术千年历

the latest dates 最近日期

key breakthroughs 重大突破，关键性突破

定语从句的处理：可以后置单独成句，也可以翻译为前置定语；

a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.

编制了一个独特的千年技术日历，这个日历给出了我们有望看到的数百个重大突破和发现能发生的最近日期。

参考译文：皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的技术千年历，编制了一个独特的千年技术日历，这个日历给出了我们有望看到的数百个重大突破和发现能发生的最近日期。

今天的句子是NYT上面的，写星巴克促进种族话题谈论的一段话。这是最近美国国内很火的一个话题，我之前提到过，不过现在有了新发展，很有考研阅读的范。

Howard D. Schultz, the chief executive of Starbucks, said in a letter to employees on Sunday that baristas would no longer be encouraged to write the phrase “Race Together” on customers’ coffee cups, drawing to a close a widely derided component of the company’s plan to promote a discussion on racial issues.

词汇突破：1. Baristas 咖啡师（不是要你一定背，混个脸熟，这个词其实就是星巴克用的多，星巴克里面穿黑围裙的那个，需要一步步升级到这个 位置的。）

（200考研就出现过 Manicurists 美甲师）

2. drawing to a close :快结束了

Drawing to a close sth?sth快结束了?

3. deride 指责，嘲笑 derided 受到指责的?

4. racial 种族

句子解析：Howard D. Schultz, the chief executive of Starbucks, said in a letter to employees on Sunday that baristas would no longer be encouraged to write the phrase “Race Together” on customers’ coffee cups, /drawing to a close a widely derided component of the company’s plan to promote a discussion on racial issues.

看到我切得这一刀了，切完以后前半部分语序非常符合中文的语序，基本不用分析了，后一部分你也不用去管是什么成分，（状语）独立 成句就好了。

难点解析： drawing to a close a widely derided component/ of the company’s plan to promote a discussion on racial issues.

这一刀切下去之后就为翻译留下了足够的空间。

Drawing 的主语就是前面的整个句子。

公司计划促进种族问题的讨论，而这个计划中广受嘲笑的部分就快结束了。

参考译文： 星巴克首席执行官霍华德?D?舒尔茨周日在一封致员工的信中说道，不再鼓励咖啡师在客人的咖啡杯上写“种族共处”(Race Together) 口号。星巴克计划促进种族问题的讨论，而这个计划中广受嘲笑的部分就快结束了。

Some critics said that Starbucks might look first to its own executive team, which they suggested was considerably less diverse than lower-paid staff. Others felt that a coffee company should not foist such discussions on customers.

(这里是两句话)

词汇突破:1. Foist 强迫接受，强加于

2. diverse 多样的

3. staff 员工

4. executive team 高管团队

5. critics 批评者

句子解析：Some critics said that Starbucks might look first to its own executive team, /which they suggested was considerably less diverse than lower-paid staff.

这句话的难点在于which they suggested was considerably less diverse than lower-paid staff. 还原一下：

Which= executive team

They= Critics

Critics suggested executive team was considerably less diverse than lower-paid staff.（这样就好理解了吧。）

参考译文：一些批评人士说，星巴克或许应该先看一下它自己的高管团队。他们提出，该公司高管团队中的多元性，远低于薪水较低的那些员工。

（背景补充：星巴克的高官基本都是白人，店员倒是黑白都有。怪不得别人质疑你。） Others felt that a coffee company should not foist such discussions on customers.

参考译文：其他人则感觉，一家咖啡店不应该把这种讨论强加给顾客。

今天的句子是真题翻译中的一个句子，需要背诵。或者你看着中文说英文，看着英文说中文吧！对这样句子的英汉互译是非常有必要的！

But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.

主干识别：the idea rests on an understanding

其他成分：the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen 同位语从句

of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.

定语

翻译点拨：词汇点拨：

rests on 基于?

established conventions 已确立的传统（规定/习俗）

成分的点拨：

先翻译同位语从句：

the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen

新闻记者应比普通公民更加深刻（透彻）地了解法律

再翻主句：

主句中定语和宾语的处理：

an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. 对于新闻媒体中已确立的传统和特殊责任的理解

根据语义可以确定of the news media.修饰the established conventions and special responsibilities

参考译文：新闻记者应比普通公民更加透彻地了解法律，而这种看法是基于对新闻 媒体中已确立的传统（规定）和特殊责任的理解。

说到吃，今天的句子还真和吃有关系，只是关于饱受争议的转基因食品。这种争议不是在中国有，在美国也会有。这也是NYT今天的文章。

The issues surrounding G.M.O.s — genetically modified organisms — have never been simple. 参考译文：关于转基因的问题从来都不简单。（这就是著名的转基因！）

（这样的文章开头是在国外期刊中常见的，?的问题从来就不简单）

They became more complicated last week when the International Agency for Research on Cancer declared that glyphosate, the active ingredient in the widely used herbicide Roundup, probably causes cancer in humans.

词汇突破：1. Glyphosate 草甘膦 （大家关注公共号liuyinanlaoshi，让一男来帮你讲讲这个词，一男接住了哈！）

2. the active ingredient 有效成分

3. herbicide 除草剂

句子解析：?./when?.这一刀下去整个句子就安静了，你都不用纠结到底是定语从句还是状语从句（定语从句，因为前面有时间名词），因为总之是要独立成句的。独立成句之后在翻译的时候就需要在两个句子中间加上汉语的连词让中文句子更通顺，逻辑更清晰，这就是翻译的要义。When引导的从句主干是：glyphosate probably causes cancer in humans. 逗号间的是同位语充当的插入语。

参考译文：上周这些问题变得更加复杂了，因为国际癌症研究机构（International Agency for Research on Cancer，简称IARC）宣布，草甘膦（广泛使用的除草剂“农达”(Roundup)的有效成分）可能会导致人类患上癌症。

Roundup, made by Monsanto for both home and commercial use, is crucial in the production of genetically engineered corn and soybean crops, so it was notable that the verdict on its dangers came nearly simultaneously with an announcement by the Food and Drug Administration that new breeds of genetically engineered potato and apple are safe to eat.

词汇突破：home and commercial use 家用和商用

notable 值得注意的

verdict 宣布

simultaneously 同时

breed 品种

genetically engineered = genetically modified 都是转基因的意思

句子解析: ?,/so?. 切开之后这个句子就安静了！

Roundup is crucial in the production of genetically engineered corn and soybean crops 这是句子主干

定语做插入语：made by Monsanto for both home and commercial use

可以独立成句

it was notable that? （so引导的并列句）值得注意的是?

参考译文：农达是孟山都(Monsanto)开发的家用及商用产品，也是转基因玉米和大豆作物生产的关键。所以值得注意的是，在国际机构宣布农达具有危险性的几乎同时，美国食品与药品管理局（Food and Drug Administration，简称FDA）也宣布，新品种的转基因土豆和苹果可以安全食用。

（背景介绍：孟山都公司是家很老牌的生物化工工程公司。）

今天的句子需要背！尤其体会翻译！

Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill. 词汇突破：1.emerge 出现

2.Regional 区域性的

3.Standstill 静止

4. Picture 情况，形势，局面

The overall picture for farming is encouraging.

农业的总体形势是令人鼓舞的。

5. census 人口普查

主干识别：The picture is emerging from the 1980 census. （完全倒装还原）

其他成分：of a nation developing more and more regional competition 定语

, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.

状语从句

翻译点拨：直译：

当东北部和中西部的人口增长已经几乎达到静止的时候，一个国家正在形成越来越多的区域竞争的情形就从19xx年的人口普查中呈现 出来了。

调整一下：

19xx年的人口普查体现出这样一种情况：当东北部和中西部的人口增长已经几乎达到静止的时候，国内的区域竞争就越来越激烈了。

好好体会哦！

今天的句子同样需要背诵！

There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 主干识别：There is no agreement

其他成分：whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.

主语agreement 的同位语

Whether methodology refers to … or to….

the concepts后面的形容词短语peculiar to historical work in general是它的定语；the research techniques后面的形容词短语appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry也是作定语。

翻译点拨：There is no agreement

There be 句式的翻译，补充出主语人们，因此可以翻译为：人们对此意见不一。 同位语可以提前翻译；

词的处理：

agreement 统一的意见，一致看法

whether...refers to... or to... 是指??还是指??

the concepts/peculiar to/historical work/in general (按后置定语的顺序倒译)一般性的历史研究中的特有概念

the research techniques 研究手段

appropriate to 适用于，合适于

the various branches 各个领域

historical inquiry 历史探究

methodology 方法论

参考译文：所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域使用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。

Tylor defined culture as“?the complex whole which includes belief，art，morals，law，custom，and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”.

主干识别：Tylor defined culture as“?the complex whole”

其他成分： which includes belief，art，morals，law，custom，and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society 定语从句

翻译点拨：词汇的处理

Tylor人名，按照音译（音译不出来就直接抄写）

defined culture as 将文化定义为

the complex whole 一个复合体

belief 信仰

morals 道德

man as a member of society 人作为社会成员

主句的处理：

Tylor defined culture as“…the complex whole

?表示在引用的时候可以有省略

定语的处理：

which includes belief，art，morals，law，custom，and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.

acquired by man as a member of society作为社会的成员时所获得的?(后置定语前置)

参考译文：泰勒把文化定义为“一个复合体”，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯。

今天的句子是很经典的老句子！好好看哦！

In Europe thisprocess took a little longer, mainly because there were more small producersfor whom the costs of sound were prohibitive, and in other parts of the worldproblems with rights or access to equipment delayed the shift to soundproduction for a few more years (though cinemas in major cities may have beenwired in order to play foreign sound films).

主干识别：两个并列句：

第一个主句：

this process took a little longer

In Europe 状语

mainly because there were more smallproducers 状语;

for whom the costs of sound wereprohibitive定语修饰producers;

第二个主句：

problems with rights or access to equipmentdelayed the shift to sound production

状语: for afew more years (though cinemas in major cities may have been wired in order toplay foreign sound films).

翻译点拨：词汇的处理

small producers 小型电影公司

Right 版权

access to equipment 获取设备

prohibitive 和价格和成本连用表示：价格昂贵

shift to sound production 往有声电影的转变

wired 接通了声音（根据上下文而来）

成分点拨：

In Europethis process took a little longer,

在欧洲这一过程花的时间会长一些；

再翻原因状语：

mainly because there were more smallproducers

主要是因为欧洲有更多的小型的电影公司，

接着翻定语从句：

for whom the costs of sound wereprohibitive

对于他们来讲，音效的成本过于昂贵

接着翻下一个并列句：

in other parts of the world problemswith rights or access to equipment delayed the shift to sound production for afew more years

在世界的其他地区，版权和获取设备而造成的问题将有声电影的出品推后了好几年。

参考译文：在欧洲这一过程花的时间会长一些，主要是因为欧洲有更多的小型的电影公司，对于他们来讲，音效的成本过于昂贵；在世界的其他地区，版权和获取设备而造成的问题将有声电影的出品推后了好几年。