九年级下册

三、《陈毅市长》选场

沙叶新

学习目标：

1、了解这场戏的矛盾冲突。

2、掌握情节结构。

3、学习剧作中人物的个性化语言。

重难点：这场戏的矛盾冲突和人物的个性化语言。

教学课时：2课时

第一课时

一、预习导学

1、导入：

简单介绍剧本的有关知识

①剧本必须适合舞台演出。 ②必须有集中尖锐的矛盾冲突。③人物的语言和动作必须合乎各自的身份和特征

戏剧的生命是什么？矛盾冲突。没有矛盾冲突就没有戏剧。

戏剧的结构一般分哪几部分？

开端：介绍人物关系和揭示矛盾冲突。发展：描写情节的波澜起伏，一波未平一波又起，一步步把矛盾冲突推向高潮。

高潮：矛盾冲突发展到顶点并表现出急剧转化的局面。

结局：结局是情节发展的必然结果，也是矛盾冲突的解决。

尾声：与前文呼应。

话剧的基本特点：

第一， 舞台性。第二，直观性。 第三，综合性。第四，对话性。

何谓“冰糖葫芦”式的结构？

所谓“冰糖葫芦”式结构，即每一场都可以独立成章，《陈毅市长》共有十场，每一场都是一个完整的故事， 好比一串冰糖葫芦。

2、文学常识

（1）舞台提示：由于演出的需要,剧本里有一些说明性的文字。

人物表、时间、地点、

内 服装、道具、布景

容 人物的表情、动作、上下场

（2）作者简介：陈毅（1901~1972），中国人民解放军创建人和领导人，军事家，共和国元帅。19xx年加入中国共 产 党，19xx年参加南昌起义。参加了井冈山革命根据地的建设。红军长征后，留在赣粤边区领导游击战争。抗日战争时期，组建新四军，建立起苏皖根据地。解放战争时期率领华东野战军抗击国民党五十万正规军。指挥了著名的孟良崮战役。参与组织指挥了淮海战役、渡江战役。19xx年5月，兼任上海市长。新中国成立后，先后任国务院副总理、外交部长、军委副主席等职。

沙叶新，当代剧作家,国家一级编剧,中国戏剧家协会常务理事、中国戏剧家协会创作委员会副主任、中国作家协会会员、上海戏剧家协会副主席、上海作家协会理事、上海市文学艺术界联合会委员。一九三九年生于南京，回族。当代剧作家。19xx年开始发表短篇小说《妙计》。次年考入华东师大中文系，19xx年大学毕业后进上海戏剧学院戏曲创作研究班学习，19xx年秋分配到上海人民艺术剧院任编剧。

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九年级下册

主要作品有：话剧《假如我是真的》、《陈毅市长》（获1980—19xx年“全国优秀剧本创作奖”、“全国少数民族文学创作奖”）、《马克思“秘史”》、《寻找男子汉》（获第三届“上海艺术节创作演出奖”）、《耶稣·孔子·披头士列侬》、《太阳·雪·人》、《东京的月亮》、《尊严》，喜剧《一分钱》、《约会》（获“上海优秀创作奖”）， 电影《寻找男子汉》（19xx年12月获首届振兴广西文艺创作铜鼓奖“作品奖”），电视剧《陈毅与刺客》（获电视剧第三届“金鹰奖”二等奖）、《百老汇100号》、《绿卡族》。19xx年12月曾获第一届“振兴话剧奖”优秀编剧奖。

（2）《陈毅市长》反映的历史背景

19xx年5月27日，“冒险家的乐园”——上海解放了。虽然我们在政治上和军事上取得了完全的胜利，但所接管的却是国民党反动派留下的一个烂摊子。当时的上海，工厂大半倒闭，商店纷纷关门，失业人口剧增，秩序混乱，垃圾成山，又面临着断粮、断煤的威胁；帝国主义对我进行海上封锁，敌机不时来偷袭轰炸，暗藏的国民党特务进行破坏捣乱，社会垃圾（流氓阿飞、小偷、妓女）也多得怕人。帝国主义曾狂妄预言共 产 党要“烂在上海”。陈毅依靠上海各阶层群众的支持，采取了恢复生产和发展生产的方针，只用了一年多的时间，就使上海的局面有了根本的改观。帝国主义的预言破产了。作者选取这一段时间作为历史背景，抓住了在上海这个特定环境中陈毅的工作、生活及与各种人物的关系，创作出话剧《陈毅市长》，以此作为对上海解放三十周年的纪念。

3、字词预习

斋（zhāi ） 羹（gēng ） 偌（nuò ） 驽（nú ）

二、自主探究

相关情节链接

前一场陈毅视察百货商店，发现盘尼西林短缺，不法商贩趁机抬价，百姓无力购买。于是陈毅决定要办药厂，从而引出“夜访齐仰之”这场戏。

1、这段话剧讲的是一个什么故事？

这段话剧讲的是陈毅夜访齐仰之，说服他主持筹建我国第一家盘尼西林药厂的故事。

2、齐仰之为拒绝陈毅来访设置了哪些难题？陈毅是怎样解 决这些难题的？

齐仰之设的难题 陈毅的破解方法

进门难 坚持不懈，“我也是为了工作”

谈话难 用陋室名赞美，用激将法激将。

敞开心扉难 巧用齐仰之的经历动之以情真诚来说明来访之意。

3、剧情结构

情节结构 内容

开端 电话续约——夜访被拒

发展 进门限时到破例延时——大谈“共 产 党人的化学” 高潮与结局 委以重任，秉烛夜谈

4、这场戏的矛盾冲突是什么？

是陈毅与齐仰之之间的矛盾冲突，即陈毅说服齐仰之参加祖国医药事业的建设与齐仰之 不问政治、闭门治学之间的矛盾冲突。

三、合作探究：

1、从剧情出发，可把这场戏分为哪三个部分？

①矛盾的发生：（开头至“齐仰之请陈毅进屋”）

解决了难以进门的矛盾。

②矛盾的发展和转化：（止于“齐仰之又请陈毅坐下”）

解决了谈话限时3分钟的矛盾。

2

九年级下册

③矛盾的解决：（从“陈毅 好，我是说齐先生对我们共 产 党人全

然无知”到本场终）

写陈毅请齐仰之主持筹划全国第一个盘尼西林药厂，齐仰之大喜。

2、一张字条——“闲谈不得超过三分钟”的作用。

这张字条表明了宅主人鲜明的个性：非常珍惜时间，不尚空谈，潜心科研；这张字条

在本文矛盾冲突中贯穿始终，开场时“醒目”，终场时被“撕得粉碎”，使结构显得紧凑而有层次。

3、陈毅如何打破“3分钟”惯例？

①引<陋室铭)表示对主人的敬意，博得齐仰之的好 感，缓和气氛，融洽了感情。

②陈毅巧用“激将法”，称齐仰之是“海内闻名的 化学专家”“可是对有一门化学好像一窍不通”，这样一 说，使清高、自信的齐仰之急于寻根究底，请陈毅“尽情

尽意言之，不受三分钟之限”，于是，陈毅由被动转入主 动，掌握了主动权。

4、陈毅为什么把共 产 党人的革命比作“化学”！这对推动故事情节展开有什么作用？ 这是陈毅高超的说话艺术的表现，把革命政治说成“化学”，非常切合化学家齐仰之的身份，能够引起齐仰之的谈话兴趣和极大注意，这样使齐仰之与陈毅交谈下去，陈毅也就巧妙地使齐仰之由“只有三分钟之限”到“尽情尽意言之”，再到“秉烛夜谈”“三天三夜”，这个妙喻推动了剧情的发展。

第二课时

一、从人物对话看人物性格

陈毅

1、我不相信，偌大一个上海我都进得来，这小小一扇门我就进不去！

不凡的气魄高度的自信

2、鄙人是上海市的父母官，本市的市长！我倒想起刘禹锡的《陋室铭》??

豪爽、泼辣而又不乏诙谐

3、齐先生虽是海内闻名的化学专家，可是对有一门化学，齐先生好象一窍不通。 激将有法

4、唉呀呀，三分钟已到，改日再来奉告。闲谈不得超过三分钟嘛。

欲擒故纵

5、齐先生对我们共 产 党人的化学全然无知这门化学就是要把半殖民地、半封建化的社会变化成为新民主主义化社会??

妙语连珠 坚定坦率 机敏雄辩

6、我知道齐先生是学者，是专家，只可就见，不可屈致，所以我才亲顾茅庐，如一顾不成，我愿三顾。

求贤若渴

7、我身上倒有不少碱性，你我碰在一起，不就中和了？我只是一个剂，一个催化剂哟！

风趣幽默

8、我要马上赶到电厂去，连三秒钟也不能耽搁。

处事果断

概括：陈毅：

豪爽、直率、幽默、睿智的性格特征。

齐仰之

1、工作的时候只有元素、分子量、化合、分解是我的朋友！潜心钻研

2、我早就申明过,政治与我是绝缘的,我也决不会溶解在政治里。不问政治

3、不论谁，就是孙中山的请帖我也不去！拒绝接触

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九年级下册

4、最近半年我要写书，谁来我也不接待！好了，闲谈不得超过三分钟，时间到了！

从不例外！烦躁情绪

5、虽然生性驽钝，建树不多，但举凡化学，不才总还略有所知！清高固执

6、学者以无知为最大耻辱，我一定要问个明白。求知心切

7、看到偌大一个中国，举目皆是外商所开设的药厂、药店..... 我几乎气昏了！坦诚质朴

8、我一定效力，一定效力。追求进步

9、不， 不，现在就谈！现在就谈！热爱真理

10、没关系，我们可以秉烛夜谈。

三天三夜！一心报国

概括：齐仰之：

固执、清高、急躁、质朴、的性格特征。

二、戏剧有“潜台词”，这是戏剧语言的特点。

①陈毅进齐仰之的屋子后打量房间，说：“齐先生就住这里！”这句话的潜台词是：

齐先生您是个海内外知名的化学家，怎么住在这么破旧的房子里，这与您的身份不相符合

呀！

②齐（看表）说：“还有两分半钟了。”

这句话的潜台词是：要讲就快讲，否则时间一到就不跟你讲了。

③、课文中“化学”比喻：社会变化之学，改变、转移人心

齐仰之语言中“酸性”比喻：自己是固执、清高（不问政事）的知识分子

陈毅语言中“碱性”的意思是：本意指可以与酸反应。 此处指可以求得真人出山。比喻说

法指 革命性、事业心、进取心；表现陈毅关心国计民生，尊重科学。

“中和”比喻：比喻政治需要科学，科学必须为政治服务，政治与化学中和。

陈毅“我只是一个剂，是个催化剂。”，“催化剂”的意思是：

谦虚的说法 意思是“工作我做不了，我能做的，只是请您出山以加快工作的速度”

三、这场戏的主题是什么？

通过陈毅夜访化学家（齐仰之），说明并聘请他 主持筹划建立全国第一家盘尼西林药厂的故

事，表现了陈毅同志对经济建设的巨大热情，重视（科学）文化、尊重（知识）分子的思想

作风和顽强坚毅、幽默诙谐的性格。

四、思考：

话剧是一门怎样的戏剧艺术？

话剧是一种以动作和对话为主要表现手段的戏剧形式。

4

 

第二篇：导学案四教师用

Unit 2 The United Kingdom

完型填空：

People often say that the Englishman’s home is his castle(城堡). They mean that flat, and many people own their homes. This means that they can make them individual(个人的) ;They can and change them in any way they .In a crowded city the individual knows that he or she has a private space friends.

People usually like to mark their space . Are you sitting now in your home or in a around in a library you may have one corner or chair which is your own.

Once I was traveling on a on the table. There was no popped out of his head. I had invaded (侵犯) his space ! A few minutes later I took my papers his case in order to read them. He immediately his case to his side of the table. ( Of course , it is possible that he just wanted to be helpful to me ! )

1. A. rather than B. as well as C. as a result of D. or rather

2. A. buy B. leave C. paint D. offer

3. A. make B. clear C. like D. prepare

4. A. only B. already C. ever D. even

5. A. unwanted B. unexpected C. sick D. invited

6. A. towels B. sands C. papers D. flags

7. A. find B. give C. put D. store

8. A. plane B. train C. way D. street

9. A. opposite B. back C. wrong D. good

10. A. matter B. weight C. light D. space

11. A. angry B. hurt C. fearful D. busy

12. A. right B. only C. small D. whole

13. A. the table B. his case C. the seat D. his side

14. A. into B. for C. off D. out of

15. A. hid B. set C. moved D. kept 阅读理解：

A

The Hawaiian Islands are situated about two thousand miles away from North America, right in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Despite(尽管) the distance the islands actually make up the fiftieth state of the United States. The islands were all formed by volcanic eruption and on the largest of the islands, Hawaii, or the Big Island, there are still two active volcanoes, the Mauna Loa and the Kilauea, which still erupt every few years.

On the Hawaiian islands the natives have a particularly strange way of indicating directions. They don’t use the north, south, east and west system common to the rest of the world. They use the mauka and makai system. Mauka means “mountain”. The mountains in Hawaii are always at the center of the islands, as these are volcanic islands. Makai means “the sea”. The islands are small and the system is simple. Wherever you want to visit, it can always be described in terms of where it lies in relation to the mountains and the sea. A typical conversation between a native Hawaiian and a tourist might go as follow.

TOURIST: Excuse me! Could you tell me where the Sheraton Hotel is?

HAWAIIAN: Well… Let me see! From here it’s two blocks mauka, and then one

block makai. You can’t miss it!

1. This passage would be most likely to appear in which of the following?

A. A novel. B. A collection of stories.

C. A women’s magazine. D. A reference book.

2. Choose the most suitable title for the article.

A. The Big Island. B. Volcanoes.

C. Giving Directions in Hawaii D. The Hawaiian Islands.

3. Which of the following items does the passage NOT discuss?

A. Hawaii’s location. B. How to give directions in Hawaii.

C. Volcanoes. D. The climate.

4. In Hawaii the mountains are in the center of the islands because A. of the weather

B. the islands were created by volcanic eruptions

C. of the geological conditions

D. of the islands’ location in the Pacific

5. To find your way in Hawaii, you must .

A. refer to geographical directions

B. refer to well-known establishments

C. refer to the earth and the sea

D. refer to the location of the mountains and the sea

B

In today's Ireland, it seems hard to imagine the grim days of the 19th century when so many of the population starved, or that, in those days, many poor people had no clue how to prepare any food other than boil a potato. Nowadays, it is quite possible to eat both well and heartily all over the island.

Tourism has made a recently there was hardly any tradition of eating out in many districts, except perhaps on very few occasions at a local hotel. Patterns of diet were old-styled, based firmly on 'meat and two vegetables' (somewhat overcooked), potatoes (of course) and large quantities of dairy produce. Now things are very different. Tourist demands for predictable, inexpensive fast-food are met, as everywhere, with hamburgers and pizzas - a better bet being fish and chips. But more sophisticated tastes have

introduced wholefoods and vegetarian restaurants (almost unheard of before), and a vast number of new restaurants, often French in style, have opened in the main tourist

centres. Food 'events' such as Kinsale's Gourmet festival or Galway's Oyster Festival attract large numbers of visitors and reflect the new interest in food.

Whatever Irish cooking lacks in finesse（精细）, it nearly always makes up for in plenty, and ingredients(成分) are of a high quality. Home-grown produce includes rich dairy foods, beef, lamb and pork, and a great variety of seafood. One of its great specialities is soda bread. It is made with buttermilk and is served fresh and warm with every meal. Recently there has been a return to simple Irish foods such as stews（炖菜）and potato dishes.

One of the best-value meals in Ireland is breakfast. A 'traditional Irish breakfast' is a plateful of bacon and eggs with soda and potato breads. Accommodation rates are nearly always quoted with a full breakfast included, so you might as well eat enough to keep you going all day and get your money's worth!

6． What was Irish food like until quite recently?

A. It was very conservative and uninteresting.

B. It was influenced by French cooking.

C. It was very unhealthy.

D. It was plentiful

7. How has Irish food improved in recent years?

A. There are more French restaurants. B. Food produce is fresher.

C. There is more kinds. D. Food is more expensive

8． What is the main reason for this improvement?

A. People have more money to spend.

B. The development of tourism.

C. People have more tastes today.

D. Young people dislike traditional food

9． How does the passage describe Irish cooking today?

A. It is exciting and interesting. B. It is boring and overcooked.

C. It is plentiful and simple. D. It is good-looking and tastes bad

10. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?

A. Eating out at weekends is traditional in most parts of Ireland.

B. Today most Irish people prefer fast-foods to the traditional Irish cooking.

C. Nowadays French-style restaurants are quite common in tourist centres.

D. Many Irish people are vegetarians and grow their own vegetables.

Unit 2 The United Kingdom

完型填空：

1---5 ACCAD 6---- 10 ACBAD 11---15 ADBCC

阅读理解

A： 1. A

2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C B：6-10 ACBCC