Hiroshima-the liveliest city in the world翻译doc

广岛----日本“最具活力的”城市

“广岛到了！每个人都下车了！”当世界上最快的火车平稳地驶入广岛市火车站时，那位身穿日本火车站站长制服的男人就这么喊道。我不知道他到底在说些什么。首先，他是用日语喊的。第二，我当时脑子里浑浑噩噩，心绪万千，所以无论一个日本的火车站长说了点什么都与我无关。踏上这片土地，呼吸着广岛的空气，这简直比我以往参加过的任何一个采访任务都要冒险。难道我不是站在曾经的犯罪现场吗？

来来往往的日本人并没有像我一般观望。站在火车站外的人行道上，感觉这里和日本其他的城市相差无几。穿着和服的小女孩和上了年纪的夫人们不时和穿着西方服饰的青少年和女人面对面擦肩而过。一脸严肃的男人们相互交谈，仿佛他们根本没有意识到身边围绕的人群，一直不断地鞠躬，来表达彼此间的感谢和尊敬：“多谢。”还有一些人在食品杂货店和烟草商店正面的电话亭里使用着红色小巧的公用电话。

“嗨！嗨！”每当视线里出现一个游客，出租车司机就会立马打开车门，热情地打招呼。“嗨”或者其他的一些听起来跟这个很像的发音，指“好的”。“你可以载我去市政厅吗？”他从车的后视镜对着我笑，不断重复着“嗨！”“嗨！”我们马上就出发了，以一个非常快的速度行驶在广岛的小路上。随着驾驶员快速地打方向盘，我们不断地倾倒，路边那些高大的似有牺牲精神的建筑物也快速后退。

当我意识到我们已经行驶了很久的时候，出租车突然就停下来了，然后驾驶员下了车走向警察去问路。在日本，出租车司机对他们所在的城市广岛知之甚少，但是为了避免在外国人面前丢脸，他们绝对不会承认自己的无知的。他们才不管究竟花了多少时间才到达目的地的，只要最后到了就好。

最后，小插曲终于结束了，我发现自己站在了宏伟的市政大厅前面。当我把市长回应我的采访邀请从而回寄给我的邀请函递给接待员时，接待员深深地鞠了个躬，叹了口气。

“那不在这，先生，”他用英语回答到，“市长希望今晚可以在船餐厅和你以及另外的外国人共进晚餐。看明白了吗？就是这里。”他快速地在邀请函的背后给我画了一张地图。

真的很感谢他的地图，使得我能找到一个可以直接带我去运河堤坝的出租车司机，那里停泊着各种各样的游艇，它的屋顶很像日本人的房子。自从日本的土地越来越贵了之后，日本人开始把传统的房屋建在了船上。在小日本，和服和短裙之间不断挣扎的一个相当显目的标志就是分布在其中的米黄色的摩天大楼。

餐厅门口有一个极美的，有着陶瓷一般脸蛋的，穿着传统服饰的女人，她要我把鞋子脱了。好了之后，我进入了其中一间天花板很低的房间，小心翼翼地踏在榻榻米上，想到我要穿着袜子去见广岛的市长，我就觉得尴尬。

他长得很高很瘦，有着忧郁的眼神，和严肃的面孔。相当出乎意料地，当初在火车站时的那种奇怪的情绪再一次袭上了心头，我再一次想起，我现在是站在第一颗原子弹爆炸的地方，这里曾经有成千上万的人在一秒钟内被杀死，这里有成千上万的人徘徊在死亡痛苦的边缘。

开场白结束了。大多数的客人都是日本人，这使得我很难搞清楚我们为什么被聚集在这里。还有少数的美国人和德国人看起来和我一样紧张。

“先生们，”市长开口了，“真心欢迎你们来到广岛。”

人们开始鞠躬，随着广岛这名字被重复的次数的增加，人们的脸变得越来越严肃。 “广岛，就像你知道的那样，是一个广为人知的城市。”市长又继续发言了。

“是啊，是啊，当然，”人群里小声地说着，变得越来越激动。

“很少有城市会变得如此出名，我很荣幸也很开心欢迎你们来到广岛，这个因为牡蛎而在世界出名的城镇。”

我正要鞠躬以此表示自己的赞成之意，突然明白过来了最后几个单词的意思，也因此打

破了我忧伤的沉思。

“广岛---牡蛎？那爆炸和那悲惨的人类犯的令人憎恶的罪怎么办？”

当市长还在继续他的长篇大论，赞扬日本南方的海鲜时，我小心翼翼地朝着房间的远端退去，那边有几个人自顾自的谈着，根本不去关注市长的演讲。

“你看上去很困惑，”一个带着很大眼镜片的矮小的日本男人开口到。

“哦，我必须承认我从来没有期待过一个谈论牡蛎的演讲。我觉得广岛仍然遭受着原子弹爆炸的影响。”

“再也没有人想谈论这件事，也没有人想谈论它，尤其是那些出生在这里和经历过原子弹灾难的人。”

“你也是这么想的吗？”

“我当时就在这儿，但是我不在城市的中心。我告诉你这些只是因为我已经是个老人了。这里有两种不同的思想流派，关于牡蛎。一种是应该保存爆炸的痕迹，另一种是尽可能地远离一切相关事物，甚至是那时候建造起来的纪念碑。他们还想破坏原子弹博物馆。”

“他们为什么想那样干？”

“因为它伤害了每一个人，因为时间还在继续。这就是为什么。”那个矮小的日本男人笑到，他的眼睛几乎又要贴着眼镜片了，“如果你想要写一些关于这个城市的报道，别忘记写，广岛是日本最快乐的城市，即使城市里有很多人仍然承受着隐性的伤痛疾病。”

像其他的医院一样,医院里充满了甲醛和乙醚的味道。担架和轮椅整整齐齐地在走廊拍了一溜儿，护士拿着镀镍的注射工具走来走去，这个情景可以使任何一个健康的拜访者望而却步，被吓到。那个被称之为原子病区的病房就在三楼。那里有17张床。

“我是个渔民。我来这里已经很久了，至少20年了，”一个穿着日式睡衣的老人说。 “你怎么了吗？”

“一些内部问题。爆炸发生的时候我就在广岛。我看见了火球。但是我的脸上身体上没有任何灼伤痕迹。我绕着城市跑来跑去，只为了寻找我失踪的朋友亲戚。我觉得我可能幸免遇难了。但后来我的头发开始脱落，胃部开始积水。我开始恶心，然后他们就一直给我做测试和治疗。”

在我边上的医生解释评论了一下这个老人的故事，“我们这里还有相当多这样的病人，他们接受持续的治疗，然后才能存活至今。有些人因为伤马上就死了。还有一些受不了自杀了。

“为什么他们会自杀呢？”

“存活在这世上令人太过耻辱。如果你有任何可见的原子弹爆炸遗留下来的伤疤，那你的孩子肯定会遭受到那些没有的人的歧视。没有人愿意嫁给一个原子弹受害者的女儿或者侄子。人们都害怕辐射导致的基因伤害。”

这个年老的渔民就那么看着我，礼貌而又带着点兴趣。

悬挂在病人头上的是一个很大的圆球，里面有很多由明亮的彩纸折叠而成的千纸鹤。 “这是什么？”我不禁问道。

“这些都是我的幸运鸟。每天，当我又逃脱了死神的魔掌，每天，所遭受的那些都帮助我尘世的烦恼，我都会做一只新的小纸鹤，然后把它放进圆球。就这样我看着它们，庆祝疾病带给我的幸运。因为它，我才能有机会修身养性。”

再一次，在病房外，我偷偷地把原先准备那些采访原子病区的病人的写在纸上的问题给撕成了碎片。那上面有这么些问题：你觉得广岛真的是日本最有活力的城市吗？我完全没有提及。但是我可以在每个人的眼中找到答案。

 

第二篇：02-Hiroshima -- the “Liveliest” City in Japan

EXERCISES 2

习题全解

I .

1) The writer must be an American journalist or reporter.

2) The aim of the visit, I think, was to gather information about Hiroshima today.

3) A lot of sad thoughts were on his mind. There were other visitors from abroad who didn't share his views. The first paragraph shows this to us clearly.

4) He felt a sense of guilt.

5) The Japanese were not preoccupied with the same thought as the writer was.

6) Hiroshima was different from other Japanese cities in that it was destroyed by an atomic bomb on August 6, 1945.

7) Since then, it has been rebuilt with hard work and with the help of education, science and technology.

8) One is an obvious conflict between western

influences and the traditional customs. Another is that the impact of the 1945 bomb attack is still felt or seen till now.

9) Because he thought it was unnecessary to do so since the answers were obvious after his talk with the patients.

10) The answer was the Hiroshima was not the liveliest city in Japan.

Ⅱ .

1) They were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the people around them.

2) As soon as the taxi driver saw a traveler, he immediately opened the door.

3) The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition and new development.

4) I suffered from a strong feeling of shame when I thought of the scene of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima wearing my socks only.

5) The few Americans and Germans seemed just as restrained as 1 was．

6) After three days in Japan one gets quite used to bowing to people as a ritual to show gratitude．

7) I was on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized what he

meant．His words shocked me out my sad dreamy thinking．

8) I thought for some reason or other no harm had been done to me．

Ⅲ．See the translation of the text．

Ⅳ．

1) n. + present participle：epoch-making, face-keeping, time consuming, nerve-wracking

2) n. + past participle：home-made, bedridden, sun-burnt, heartfelt

3) n. + adj.: pitch-dark, headstrong, duty-free, coal-black

4) n. + n. + -ed: lion-hearted, iron-fisted, wall-eyed, brick-walled

5) adj. + n. + -ed: stiff-necked, highminded, dull-witted, warm-blooded, empty-headed, cold-blooded

6) adj. + present participle: high-sounding,

hard-working, plain-sailing, far-reaching

7) adj. + past participle: high-flown, new-born, finespun, high-strung

Ⅴ．

1) was指事实如此；而must be意为―很可能‖。

2) ―Was I at the scene…?‖表示不能断定是不是在那里, 而 ―Was I not at the scene…?‖表示肯定是在那里, 有―难倒……不是‖的意思。

3) elderly意为―上了年纪的‖, 但不算太老。

4) grin指露齿而笑, 有时可指傻笑, 但不出声；laugh表示大笑；。mile一词最常用, 指不出声地微笑, 可表示开心、满意、喜爱等等。

5) sketch指很快地勾画出轮廓。

6) careful指认真、周全, 小心谨慎以免出错；cautious指处处谨小慎微, 以防失败或危险。

7) site大多指一块地方, 可大可小；它可能是留作特殊用途的地方, 如建筑工地(a building site), 也可能指发生某事的地方或场所, 如第一枚原子弹爆炸的地方(site of the first atomic bombardment)。spot所指地点较小。

8) demolish意义比较实在, 指彻底拆除, 而destroy仅指破坏。

9) gay意为轻松愉快, 兴致高。delightful指有魅力, 心情好。

10) gaze指目不转睛地长久地注视, 往往出于好奇、钦羡、着迷等。stare指盯着看, 瞪大眼睛看, 往往出于吃惊、羡慕等。

Ⅵ．

1) job, task, duty 2) unaware 3) fronts, by the front doors 4)striking/fascinating/strange / sight；continual, endless, constant 5) sudden, sharp feeling；idea, thought, expectation 6) killed, murdered 7) pain, torture 8) fame 9) daydream, thoughts 10) atomic disaster 11) tear down, pull down 12) meet with, face

Ⅶ．

1) 他刚才所讲的与讨论的问题无关。

2) 战场旧址使他回想起那战火纷飞的抗战岁月。

3) 他专心致志地工作, 完全没有理会周围正在发生的事。

4) 记者们看到诺贝尔奖获得者时感到很兴奋。

5) ——老师用了个什么字?我没太听清楚。——我也没听清楚, 很像是preoccupation。

6) 又拐了一个弯, 我们来到了一个可容几百人的大岩洞。

7) 人们领悟到这骇人听闻的消息之后都惊得目瞪口呆。

8) 铁水倒人混铁炉有如把茶水从茶壶倒入茶杯。

9) 手术的失败使年青的外科大夫心情沉重。

10) 将军常到兵营里去, 和普通战士们在一起。

Ⅶ．

1) soil 2) soil 3) earth 4) earth 5) familiar to 6) familiar with 7) puzzled

8) surprising 9) admits 10) had confessed

11) careful 12) cautiously

Ⅸ．

1) There is not a soul in the hall．The meeting must have been put off．

2) The book looks very much like a box. (The book looks much the same as a box.)

3) Sichuan dialect sounds much the same as Hubei dialect. It is sometimes difficult to tell one from the other.

4) The very sight of the monument reminds me of my good friend who was killed in the battle.

5) He was so deep in thought that he was oblivious of what his friends were talking about.

6) What he did had nothing to do with her.

7) She couldn't fall asleep as her daughter's illness was very much on her mind.

8) I have had the matter on my mind for a long time.

9) He loves such gatherings at which he rubs shoulders with young people and exchange opinions with them on various subjects.

10) It was only after a few minutes that his words sank in.

11) The soil smells of fresh grass.

12) Could you spare me a few minutes?

13) Could you spare me a ticket?

14) That elderly grey-haired man is a coppersmith by trade.

X. Omitted.

XI.

My Visit to the European Town

One autumn, my friends and I went to Wuxi on vacation. We decided to visit the European Town first. It is a park located on the side of Tai Lake. Many European scenic spots are built smaller there and a lot of tourists go there for sightseeing everyday. Because they may never have the chance to see the real ones, they pay to see these imitations.

02HiroshimatheLiveliestCityinJapan

We arrived at the town late in the morning. It began

to drizzle as we stepped inside. But the rain didn't decrease our plea-sure because it was more romantic than in the sunlight. I was deeply impressed by the scenery there. The number of European 31style buildings was beyond my imagination. We saw Triumphal Arch and Eiffel Tower of Paris, the Windmills of Holland and many others. Here and there, people were taking pictures. In an excited mood, we strolled to each building. We also took a lot of photos there. I liked the one taken in front of Triumphal Arch most. It was so real that you might think I had been to Paris.

We spent the rest of the day there. It was really an unforgettable experience for me.

Hiroshima -- the “Liveliest” City in Japan

―Hiroshima! Everybody off!‖ That must be what the man in the Japanese stationmaster's uniform shouted, as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station. I did not understand what he was saying. First of all, because he was shouting in Japanese.

And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything a Nippon railways official might say. The very act of stepping on this soil, in breathing this air of Hiroshima, was for me a far greater adventure than any trip or any reportorial assignment I'd previously taken. Was I not at the scene of the crime?

The Japanese crowd did not appear to have the same preoccupations that I had. From the sidewalk outside the station, things seemed much the same as in other Japanese cities. Little girls and elderly ladies in kimonos rubbed shoulders with teenagers and women in western dress. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them, and bobbed up and down re-heatedly in little bows, as they exchanged the ritual formula of gratitude and respect: "Tomo aligato gozayimas." Others were using little red telephones that hung on the facades of grocery stores and tobacco shops.

"Hi! Hi!" said the cab driver, whose door popped open at the very sight of a traveler. "Hi", or something that sounds very much like it, means "yes". "Can you

take me to City Hall?" He grinned at me in the rear-view mirror and repeated "Hi!" "Hi! ’ We set off at top speed through the narrow streets of Hiroshima. The tall buildings of the martyred city flashed by as we lurched from side to side in response to the driver's sharp twists of the wheel.

Just as I was beginning to find the ride long, the taxi screeched to a halt, and the driver got out and went over to a policeman to ask the way. As in Tokyo, taxi drivers in Hiroshima often know little of their city, but to avoid loss of face before foreigners, will not admit their ignorance, and will accept any destination without concern for how long it may take them to find it.

At last this intermezzo came to an end, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall. The usher bowed deeply and heaved a long, almost musical sigh, when I showed him the invitation which the mayor had sent me in response to my request for an interview. "That is not here, sir," he said in English. "The mayor expects you tonight for dinner with other foreigners or, the restaurant boat. See? This is where it is.‖ He sketched a little map for me on the back of my invitation.

Thanks to his map, I was able to find a taxi driver

who could take me straight to the canal embankment , where a sort of barge with a roof like one on a Japanese house was moored . The Japanese build their traditional houses on boats when land becomes too expensive. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.

At the door to the restaurant, a stunning, porcelain-faced woman in traditional costume asked me to remove my shoes. This done, I entered one of the low-ceilinged rooms of the little floating house, treading cautiously on the soft matting and experiencing a twingeof embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks.

He was a tall, thin man, sad-eyed and serious. Quite unexpectedly, the strange emotion which had overwhelmed me at the station returned, and I was again crushed by the thought that I now stood on the site of the first atomic bombardment, where thousands upon thousands of people had been slainin one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony .

The introductions were made. Most of the guests were Japanese, and it was difficult for me to ask them just why we were gathered here. The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibitedas I was. "Gentlemen," said the mayor, "I am happy to welcome you to Hiroshima."

Everyone bowed, including the Westerners. After three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.

"Gentlemen, it is a very great honor to have you her e in Hiroshima."

There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated.

"Hiroshima, as you know, is a city familiar to everyone,‖ continued the mayor.

"Yes, yes, of course,‖ murmured the company, more and more agitated.

"Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its--- oysters". I was just about to make my little bow of assent, when the meaning of these last words sank in, jolting me

out of my sad reverie .

"Hiroshima – oysters? What about the bomb and the misery and humanity's most heinous crime?" While the mayor went on with his speech in praise of southern Japanese sea food, I cautiously backed away and headed toward the far side of the room, where a few men were talking among themselves and paying little attention to the mayor's speech. "You look puzzled," said a small Japanese man with very large eye-glasses.

"Well, I must confess that I did not expect a speech about oysters here. I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact of the atomic impact ."

"No one talks about it any more, and no one wants to, especially, the people who were born here or who lived through it. "Do you feel the same way, too?"

"I was here, but I was not in the center of town. I tell you this because I am almost an old man. There are two different schools of thought in this city of oysters, one that would like to preserve traces of the bomb, and the other that would like to get rid of everything, even the monument that was erected at the point of impact. They would also like to demolish the atomic museum." "Why would they want to do that?"

"Because it hurts everybody, and because time marches on. That is why." The small Japanese man smiled, his eyes nearly closed behind their thick lenses. "If you write about this city, do not forget to say that it is the gayest city in Japan, even it many of the town's people still bear hidden wounds, and burns."

*

Like any other, the hospital smelled of formaldehyde and ether. Stretchers and wheelchairs lined the walls of endless corridors, and nurses walked by carrying Stretchers instruments, the very sight of which would send shivers down the spine of any healthy visitor. The so-called atomic section was located on the third floor. It consisted of 17 beds.

"I am a fisherman by trade. I have been here a very long time, more than twenty years, "said an old man in Japanese pajamas. ―What is wrong with you?‖

"Something inside. I was in Hiroshima when it happened. I saw the fire ball. But I had no burns on my face or body. I ran all over the city looking for missing friends and relatives. I thought somehow I had been spared. But later my hair began to fall out, and my belly turned to water. I felt sick, and ever since then they have

been testing and treating me. "The doctor at my side explained and commented upon the old man's story, "We still hare a handful of patients here who are being kept alive by constant car e. The other s died as a result of their injuries, or else committed suicide."

"Why did they commit suicide?"

"It is humiliating to survive in this city. If you bear any visible scars of atomic burns, your children will encounter prejudice on the par t of those who do not. No one will marry the daughter or the niece of an atomic bomb victim. People are afraid of genetic damage from the radiation." The old fisherman gazed at me politely and with interest.

Hanging over the patient was a big ball made of bits of brightly colored paper, folded into the shape of tiny birds. "What's that?" I asked.

"Those are my lucky birds. Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird, and add it to the others. This way I look at them and congratulate myself of the good fortune that my illness has brought me. Because, thanks to it, I have the opportunity to improve my character."

Once again, outside in the open air, I tore into little pieces a small notebook with questions that I'd prepared in advance for inter views with the patients of the atomic ward. Among them was the question: Do you really think that Hiroshima is the liveliest city in Japan? I never asked it. But I could read the answer in every eye.

(from an American radio program presented by Ed Kay)

NOTES

1) Hiroshima: a seaport, capital of Hiroshima prefecture in southwest Japan. Population (1970) 54,834. On Aug. 6, 1945, Hiroshima was the first city to be struck by an atomic bomb, dropped by the U. S, air force. Almost 130 000 people were killed, injured, or missing, and 90% of the city was leveled. Much of the city has been reconstructed, but a gutted section of the city has been set aside as a "Peace City" to illustrate the effect of an atomic bomb. Since 1955, an annual world conference against nuclear weapons has met in Hiroshima.

2) Nippon: (Japanese) Japan

3) Tomo aligato gozayimas: (Japanese) Thank you very

much.

4) Hi: (Japanese) yes

5) kimono: (Japanese) a loose robe with wide sleeves and a broad sash traditionally worn as an outer garment by the Japanese

6) tatami: (Japanese) straw matting used as a floor covering in a Japanese home. It is a custom of the Japanese to remove their shoes once they go indoors, walking on the tatami matting in their socks.

背景知识:

Background Information

Some important dates:

1938 Munich Pact, which sacrificed Czechoslovakia to Germany

Aug. 1939 Gr. and USSR concluded a non-aggression pact

Sept.1, 1939 Hitler invaded Poland. France and Britain declared war on Gr. immediately, officially beginning

World War II. At the same time, USSR annexed Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.

Jun.22, 1941 Gr. invaded USSR

Dec. 7, 1941 Japan attacked Pearl Harbour, bringing the US into the war

Sept. 1943 Italy surrendered

May. 7, 1945 Gr. surrendered unconditionally

Aug. 6, 1945 the first A-bomb exploded in Hiroshima Aug. 8, 1945 USSR declared war on Japan and occupied Manchuria

Aug. 9, 1945 the dropping of the second A-bomb on Nagasaki

Aug. 14, 1945 Japan announced its surrender

Atomic Bomb: the explosion produces great amounts of heat, a shock wave and intense radiation. The region of the explosion becomes radioactively contaminated and radioactive products may be deposited elsewhere as fallout.

At 8:15 a.m. on August 6, 1945, by order of President Truman, the first Atomic bomb, nicknamed Little Boy was exploded over a point near the centre of Hiroshima, destroying almost everything with a radius of 830-1,450

meters. The damage beyond this area was considerable, and over 71,000 people were killed instantly. Many more later died of injuries and the effects of radiation. Casualties numbered nearly 130,000. Survivors are still dying of leukaemia, pernicious anaemia and other diseases induced by radiation. Almost 98% of the buildings were destroyed or severely damaged.

The Japanese dedicated post-war Hiroshima to peace. A destroyed area named "Peace City" has been set aside as a memorial. A peace Park was build. A special hospital built here treats people suffering from exposure to radiation and conducts research into its effects.

Psychological background:

Beliefs rooted in the Judeo-Christian tradition dictate that once one commits a crime, one must bear the consequences for it as long as one lives. Oriental teachers, on the other hand, preach that if one admits one's wrongs, apologizes and atones for them, one can start anew.

To many westerners, it's a crime for the US to use the A-bomb, and Hiroshima is a symbol of death, of war crime, of the horror of nuclear weapons. For example, one of the pilots of the plane which carried the Little Boy committed suicide in the post war years.

Japan

National Name: Nippon

Geography: Four main islands: Honshu (本州), Hokkaido (北海道), Kyushu (九州), and Shikoku (四国) Area: 371,857 sq.km.

Population: 122,700,000 (1988).

Capital: Tokyo

Monetary unit: Yen

Government: Diet (parliament) consists of a house of Representatives of 511 members elected for four years, and a house of Councillors of 252 members, half of whom elected every three years for six-year terms. Executive power is vested in the Cabinet, which is headed by a Prime Minister, nominated by the Diet from

its members.

II. Structure and Style

Narration:

One of the basic and most frequently adopted way of writing. Simply defined, narration is the telling of a story.

A good narration has a beginning, a middle and an end.

Narration is concerned with action, with life in motion, with a meaningful series of action.

A narrative writing usually tells the time, the background of an event, or the cause and result of it.

In a narrative writing, the actions or the incidents, events are generally presented in order of their occurrence, following the natural time sequence of the happenings, It is called to be in Chronological order.

But it can also start in the middle or at some other point in the action and move backward to the earlier happenings. This is called flashback.

There are three basic components of a narration:

a. Plot: the whole story, the frame of the writing, which consists of a series of events, with the development of the actions, or accidents. There are usu. one or several climaxes, the highest point of the story, with suspensions, conflicts, to arouse the interest of the audience. After the climax is reached, the story quickly moves to a conclusion.

b. Characters: the leading character is called the hero or protagonist.

c. Background: the time and place of the story

The plot / action usually dominates narration, however, some narratives focus on character or theme or atmosphere.

课文详解:

Detailed Study of the Text

1. slip: to move slidingly, smoothly, secretly or unnoticed. it carries a stronger implication of a frictionless than slide.

2. lump: a mass of sth. solid without a special size of shape

a lump of lead, sugar

Black coffee, 2 lumps, please!

a hard swelling on the body

She was afraid when she felt a lump in her left breast

to have a lump in one's throat:

to have a tight feeling in the throat because strong emotion, such as sorrow or gratitude, to have one's throat choked, to have a feeling of pressure, being unable to breath, a tight sensation in the throat caused by unexpressed pity, sorrow, excitement, etc.

All during her husband's funeral, she had ... John's mother had a ... at his college graduation.

The strong sensation of excitement and sorrow made me unable to breathe or to speak as if my throat was choked, as if my throat got blocked by sth. solid.

3. on my mind: troubling one's thoughts, causing anxiety,

unhappiness. When you have sth on your mind, you can't get rid of it, you are completely preoccupied, and obsessed.

His failure weighs heavily on him mind.

He has got too much on his mind to worry about your problem.

I am glad you want to talk about this. It's been on my mind for weeks.

cf:

in one's mind: think about, think of

I think I know what's in your mind.

Her mother was always in her mind.

4. the very act of stepping on this soil:

act and action:

Action refers primarily to the process of acting; act to the result, the things done. An action is usually regarded as occupying some time and involving more than one step; an act is more frequently thought of as momentary of instantaneous and as individual.

The rescue of a shipwrecked crew is a heroic action while the launching of the lifeboat, a brave act. a course of action

on this soil: on this land, on this earth, ground

The word SOIL conveys a strong emotion, it is an emotive word.

A person in exile comes back to his motherland, he kneels down to kiss the soil.

Here is suggests the emotion of the author. He thinks his country is responsible for the A-bomb destruction. He is preoccupied. He has the feeling of atoning (making repayment) for the crime.

5. adventure: a journey that is strange and exciting and often dangerous, sth. you do or a situation you become involved in that is rather unusual, exciting and dangerous. From the text itself one can clearly see that the meaning is ―trip‖ since it is followed by this word.

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn

6. reportorial: (not in Longman or ALD)

belonging to, of, about a reporter. the adj. form of reporter

7. crime: an offence which is punishable by law Here: an immoral act

8. appear

Appear, Look, and Seem can mean to be as stated in one's view or judgment, but not necessarily in fact.

Seem suggests an opinion based on subjective impression rather than objective signs.

He seems tired.

My other visits to Beijing were twenty years ago. How would it seem after such a long time?

Look implies that the opinion is based on a general visual impression.

His lips looked unnatural.

He looks nervous.

Appear suggests a distorted impression, such as can be produced by a restricted point of view.

His tongue could make the worse appear the better reason.

He appeared not to have heard what had been said about him.

He appears / seems / looks to be / like an honest man.

9. preoccupy: to fill the thoughts or hold the interest of, to fill one's mind completely so that not enough attention is given to other present matters

When he is preoccupied with his hobby, he has no idea of what is going on around him.

I was too preoccupied to hear the bell.

He had a preoccupied look on his face, as if sth. was troubling him.

preoccupation: extreme concern for sth.

Reading is his main preoccupation.

It seemed to me that the Japanese did not have the same extreme concern which is bothering me.

I was totally absorbed in the consideration of the crime,

but the Japanese did not appear to be so.

My mind was completely filled with sad thoughts ...

10. rub shoulders with: to meet and mix with (people) This is not the sort of club where the great rub shoulders with the humble.

A person in my position rubs shoulders with all kinds of people.

In our class, people of all trades (porter, carpenter, coppersmith, etc.) rubber shoulders with each other.

11. oblivious: be unaware of, not noticing, unconscious of, lacking mindful attention

Their government is oblivious of the rights of the governed.

I am oblivious of my former failure.

I was so preoccupied with the book that I was oblivious of the surroundings.

I was so preoccupied with the beautiful woman I met on the bus that I was oblivious of the pickpocket beside me / of what the conductress was yelling when the bus came to a stop.

12. bob: to move up and down quickly and repeatedly The cork on the fishing line bobbed up and down on the water.

13. rite: form of behaviour with a fixed pattern. A rite is a series of words and actions which as a fixed order and which is used for a special religious purpose.

I don't know much about the rites of that church. Secret society has their special rites.

ceremonial / burial / funeral rites

the rites of hospitality

the marriage rite of the church

Ritual actions are always done in exactly the same way whenever a particular situation arises, (a slightly humorous use). On Sunday we make our ritual visit to the pub at lunchtime.

14. formula: an expression which is often used in a particular situation, esp. one that has come to sound stupid and meaningless

They exchange the set of conventionally / customarily fixed pattern of daily greetings.

15. facade: front or face of a building towards a street or open place

16. grin: broad smile that shows the teeth, it intends to imply naive cheerfulness

17. rear-view mirror: a mirror (as in an automobile) that gives a view of the area behind the vehicle

18. martyr: person who is put to death or caused to suffer for his beliefs or for the sake of a great cause or principle a martyr to a cause / love (殉情) / duty (殉职)

Eternal life to the revolutionary martyrs! (革命英雄永垂不朽)

v.: to put to death, cause to suffer, to torture, out of cruelty

19. lurch: to move with irregular sudden movements, to move unsteadily, clumsily, with heavy rolling and

swaying back and forth

20. in response to: as an answer to

In response to your inquiries, we regret to inform you that we cannot help you in this matter.

Twice I put the request to him but he said nothing in response.

21. twist: to wind a number of threads, etc. together to make a rope by twisting threads

to twist the hair to make it curl

to turn, to change direction abruptly

to twist the cap of a tube of tooth paste

He twisted my arm.

Give the handle a twist, that will open the box.

22. screech: make a harsh, piercing sound, to make a sharp, high-pitched noise

23. halt: to stop or pause, mainly used in the phrase "come to a halt"

24. ignorance: lack of knowledge

Please forgive our ignorance.

Poverty, disease and ignorance remain major world problems.

We are in complete ignorance of his plan.

ignorant: To be ignorant of sth. is not to know it. He is quite ignorant of Latin.

She was ignorant of his presence.

cf:

disregard: to treat as not worthy of notice

He disregarded Tom , and spoke straight to me. We disregarded the gossip and rumours.

neglect: to give no or too little attention or care to You are neglecting your work / duty.

There is a factor which we must certainly not neglect.

neglect: fail to do sth. because of carelessness He neglected to return the book to the library.

Don't neglect to lock (locking) the door when you

leave.

To ignore sth. is to pretend not to know or see it. She saw him coming but ignored him.

It is not a question that can be ignored.

Of these three words, ignore is the strongest and neglect is the weakest

It is a point of honour with the taxi driver to take the passenger to whichever destination he want to go.

25. intermezzo: short musical composition to be played between the acts of a drama or an opera, or one that connects the main divisions of a large musical work such as a symphony. This word is used very lighted-hearted here

26. I found myself in front of the gigantic city hall. cf: I got to the front of...

The first sentence indicates suddenness, unconsciousness. I suddenly discovered that I was in front of the city hall.

gigantic: a close synonym of giant, from which it is derived, very likely to be used in metaphorical extensions.

giant: in fairy tales, a very big, strong creature in the form of a man, but often unfriendly to human beings and very cruel and stupid.

In some culture, eg. Greek, Scandinavian, American Indian, giants were believed to be the first race of people lived on earth.

gigantic: titanic, massive, huge

27. usher: official door keeper, a man who shows people to their seats on an important occasion, (or in a theatre, cinema)

28. heave: to give out (a sad sound) esp. in the phrase " to heave a sigh / groan"

We all heaved a sigh of relief when the work was done.

sigh: an act of letting out a deep breath slowly and with a

sound, usu. expressing tiredness, sadness or satisfaction She nodded, sighed and went on cooking.

He gave another deep sigh.

29. sketch: to draw roughly and quickly with outlines but little detail

30. embankment: a wide wall of stones or earth, which is build to keep a river from overflowing its banks, or to carry a road or railway over low ground

cf:

bank: land long the side of a river, lake, etc.

shore: the land along the edge of a large stretch of water beach: a shore of an ocean, sea, or lake or the bank of a river covered by sand, smooth stones or larger pieces of rock

coast: the land next to the sea

When meaning land bordering a body or stream of water, the four words are comparable.

Shore is the general word for the land immediately bordering on the sea, a lake, or a large stream.

Coast denotes the land along the sea regarded especially as a boundary.

Beach applies to the pebbly or sandy shore washed by the sea or a lake

a rocky shore with here and there a cove with a beach

Both shore and beach may denote a resort frequented for pleasure or vacation. In this use shore may specifically indicates proximity to the sea, and beach a place adapted to the use of swimmers or sunbathers.

spend the summer at the shore

spend a part of each day at the beach

Bank denotes the steep or sloping margin of a stream.

31. barge: a large low boat with a flat bottom, used mainly for carrying heavy goods on a canal or river

32. moor: to faster (a ship, boat) to land, to the bed of the sea, etc. by means of ropes, chains an anchor, etc.

33. arresting: striking, attracting and holding attention. This word adds to striking the suggestion of capturing

attention arresting beauty / story

arrest: to seize in the name of law and usu. put in prison, to catch and fix (esp. sb.'s attention)

The bright lights arrest the boy's attention.

34. spectacle: sth. seen, sth. taking place before the eyes, esp. sth. fine, remarkable

The big army parade on national day is a grand spectacle.

The erupting volcano is a wonderful spectacle.

The opening ceremony of the exhibition was a fine spectacle.

35. adrift: afloat without control, driven about by the sea or wind

a has the meaning of "away, from, of, in, on, etc."

aboard: on the board, on the boat

afire: to set sth. on fire: The house was afire.

afloat: on water

afoot: on foot I came afoot.

36. beige

khaki / flannel / indanthrine

mohair / palace / melton / cashmere

37. amid: fml and lit. among, in the middle of

38. incessant: never stopping, it implies ceaseless or uninterrupted activity

39. stun: to make unconscious by hitting the head

The robbers stunned the guard by banging him on the head.

He was stunned by the news of his father's death.

stunning: very attractive, delightful, beautiful, making you become intoxicated

40. costume: the clothes worn by people at a particular time in history or in a particular country

a museum of costume

portraits of people dressed in 17th-century costume

a set of clothes worn by an actor or performer or by sb.

at a fancy dress party

bathing / swimming / riding / hunting costume He was in academic costume.

41. tread: to walk or step, to put the foot down on (Notice: the mind is fixed on the feet)

42. cautious: having or showing great care, as if there might be some danger, esp. fear of failure or harm to oneself or others, act very carefully so as to avoid or to minimized the risks of disaster

The thief cautiously opened the door.

The troops advanced with great caution.

43. twinge: a sudden sharp pain

to feel a twinge in the region of heart

a twinge of toothache / conscience

44. embarrass: to feel ashamed or socially uncomfortable

45. prospect: reasonable hope, sth. which is expected or considered probable

She was quite excited by the prospect of

seeing...soon.

He was in high spirits at the prospect.

The scandal ruined his prospects.

I see no prospect of his recovery.

prospect: a wide or distant view, esp. seen from a high place

From the top of the hill there's a beautiful prospect over the valley.

cf:

expectation: thing that is expected

The boy has great prospects / expectation.

We came here with the expectation of meeting the mayor, but I see no prospects of seeing him now since he is oblivious of us humbles.

46. emotion: any of the strong feelings of the human spirit

Love, hatred, and grief are emotions.

His speech has an effect on our emotions rather than our reason.

I was again overcome by the same sense of guilty as I had experienced when I first arrived at the station.

The overwhelming and strange feeling I had experienced at the station came back.

47. bombardment: attack, onslaught

bombard: to attack with artillery / shells, or bombers

48. slay (slew, slain): (lit.) kill or murder, to kill, esp. violently, put to death

cf:

kill: It is so general that it merely states the fact, doesn't have many connotations

to kill snails in the garden

to take medicine to kill the pain

What you have said killed my hope.

vegetable killed by the frost

to kill time

The president killed the project.

slay: v (fml. or US) kill (esp an enemy) in a violent way. It implies killing by force or wildly, in an uncontrolled way, irresponsibly, immorally, deliberately. It is rarely used in spoken English, but it often occurs in written English to convey a dramatic quality.

Cain slew his brother Abel.

murder: to kill with a motive, a plan in advance T he bandits murdered the man for his money.

According to the historians he murdered his rival in cold blood.

slaughter: a. kill (an animal), usu for food b. kill (animals or people) in large numbers 

butcher: a. kill and prepare (animals) for meat b.(derog.) kill (people or animals) unnecessarily and brutally

assassinate: kill (esp an important or famous person) for money or for political reasons

execute: kill (sb) as a legal punishment

He was executed for treason. 

 massacre: cruel killing of a large number (of people or animals)

suicide: n. killing oneself intentionally 

commit suicide

-cide: comb form (forming ns ) a. act of killing sb b. person or thing that kills

genocide: n [U] deliberate extermination of a nation or race of people

homicide:

a. killing of one person by another

be accused of homicide

b. person who kills another

have homicidal tendencies

a homicidal maniac

patricide: a. (act of) killing one's own father (b) person who does this

parricide: a. (act of) killing one's father or a close relative b. person guilty of this

matricide: a. (act of) killing one's own mother b. person who does this

insecticide: substance that kills insects

fungicide: substance that kills fungus

-cidal: of or related to killing

That is homicidal.

49. linger on: to live on the point of death for some time, esp. when suffering from a disease, be slow in dying The pain lingered on for weeks (was slow to disappear).

The dying man lingered on.

He's no better, but he's lingering on by sheer will power.

linger: to wait for a time which is considered too long instead of going, stay, delay going

The newly acquainted young couple lingered around the hall long after the concert had ended.

She shouldn't have lingered after the others had left---that was fatal.

50. agony: very great pain or suffering of mind or body, suggesting suffering so intense that both body and mind are involved in a struggle to endure the unbearable,

intolerable

He suffered agonies from his broken arm.

The country must not again go through the agony of war.

The refugees are experiencing the agony of... the agony of defeat and the thrill of victory

Thousands upon thousands of others were on the brink of death, suffering the intense, unbearable pain both physically and spiritually, and dying slowly.

51. inhibit: cause one to suppress certain thoughts or desires because of the environmental condition

His way of teaching is dull, and inhibits imagination.

This medicine will inhibit the spread of the disease.

inhibited: (of people's character) unable to express what one really feels or do what one really wants, feeling restrained, having to suppress one's emotion They were too inhibited to laugh freely.

52. agitate: to stir, upset, disturb

The speech agitated the crowd.

agitated: emotionally disturbed and excited.

The audience was agitated.

agitator: person who stirs up public opinion, esp on a political matter

agitation: painful excitement of the mind or feelings, anxiety, a public argument, unrest

None of them noticed her agitation.

be in agitation

53. assent: (fml) agreement, an acceptance (of a statement) as true

It basically apply to opinion or proposal, suggesting understanding

The committee assented to our proposals.

The teacher answered with a brief nod of assent.

agree: It can imply previous disagreement, discussion and attempts of persuading

I don't agree with him on many things.

I think it impossible to agree to your proposals.

54. sink in: penetrate, esp. gradually, to enter a solid through the surface, be fully absorbed or understood, If the ink sinks in, it'll be hard to remove the spot from the cloth.

When Frank heard that war had started, it didn't sink in for a long time until his father was drafted into the army.

I think the lesson has sunk in, he won't make the same mistake again.

The beam sinks earthwards.

55. jolt: to shake or be shocked

The cart jolted along over the rough road, jolting every bone in his body.

With a tremendous jolt the car started.

to run over a hole and receive a jolt

The news was a jolt to me.

56. reverie: dreamy thinking, esp. of agreeable things, that state of being absorbed in dreamlike contemplation, daydreaming He loved to indulge in reveries about

his future.

He was awakened from his reverie by the teacher's question.

She sat at the window, deep in reverie.

He was sunk in reverie and did not hear me.

When one is preoccupied with sth., he has preoccupations. And he is always oblivious of the things around. He is in deep reverie.

57. heinous: (lit) (of wicked people or acts) very shameful, very bad, hatefully and shockingly evil, abominable, outrageous, so openly and shamelessly bad or so conspicuous that it excited hatred or horror

Treason has always been regarded as a heinous crime.

58. confess: admit

Confession: a religious service at which a person tells his faults to a priest

Confess usu. applies to what one feels to be wrong.

If you confess sth. or confess to sth., You admit that you have done sth. that you feel ashamed of, or embarrassed about. But admit stresses reluctance, or unwillingness.

In usage, these two words are almost the same, both can be followed by a clause, a noun, a gerund (with or without a ―to‖) or a complex object.

Usage:

to confess / admit that...

to confess / admit one's sins / error / crime to confess / admit hating sb. / the weakness to admit to stealing / the murder /

to confess oneself to be guilty

to confess / admit oneself to be beaten

But confess is often followed by a ―to‖:

He confesses to having done it.

She confessed readily to what she described as an ignorance of modern science.

59. cataclysm: a violent and sudden change or event, esp. a serious flood or earth quake or a war, disaster

60. trace: a visible mark or sign of the former presence of a thing or event, a mark or sign showing the former presence or passing of some person, vehicle, or event.

61. preserve: (fml or lit) to keep from destruction, to protect. The word stresses the idea of resistance to destructive agencies and hence implies the use of means to keep sth. in existence

Old records are preserved by protecting them from light and moisture.

62. erect: (fml) to build or establish (a solid thing which was not there before, construct, set up

Erect basically means to set upright, while Build strictly implies a fitting together of parts and materials to form sth. which may be large or small

to erect a flagpole

Many factories erected during that period.

63. impact: collision, an impinging or striking esp. of one body against another, the action of one object hitting another, with great force, the force of impression of

one thing on another, an impelling or compelling effect The car hit the stone wall with great impact.

a target constructed to resist the impact of a bullet We see the impact of modern science on our society everywhere.

The book made a great impact on its readers.

the concrete embankment built to resist the impact of floods

Notice: This word is normally used as uncountable noun but sometimes can have an indefinite article but never plural form.

64. demolish: pull down or tear down, to destroy

cf:

Destroy: a general word. It is so general in its application that it may imply the operation of any force that wrecks, kills, crushes or annihilates. Its opposition to construct is often apparent.

It is easier to destroy than to construct.

Demolish: It implies pulling or smashing to pieces.

When used in reference to buildings or other complex structures (as of wood, stone, or steel), it implies complete wreckage and often a heap of ruins. houses demolished by a hurricane

The automobile was demolished in a collision with the train.

His research has been painstaking, and he demolishes a great many legends.

65. somehow: in some way not yet know or stated, by some means, for some reason that is not clear

I think she is right but somehow I’m not completely sure.

I thin we can manage that somehow.

Somehow he was afraid of her.

I thought I knew the way, but somehow I got lost.

66. belly: (infml) 'abdomen, stomach, paunch are synonyms when naming the front part of the human trunk below the chest abdomen: medical term

stomach: When used nontechnically, it means abdomen, but specifically means the organ which digests food.

belly: an informal term for abdomen, suggesting roundness.

He has a large belly.

paunch: a derogatory and humorous term, meaning fat stomach, esp. a man's.

The man has a paunch / a potbelly / a paunchy belly / is paunchy / a potbelly, etc.

67. spare: to keep from harming, punishing or attacking Take my money but spare my life.

They prayed that Allah might spare the village from starvation.

Lay down your arms and we'll spare your lives. The enemy were so heinous that even refused to spare the new-borns.

afford to give

Can you spare me 5 minutes?

Can you spare an extra ticket for me?

Spare a penny, sir, for a starving man.

68. feel sick: vomit, upset in the stomach so as to want to

throw up what is in it.

He began to feel sick as soon as the ship started to move. He suddenly felt sick, and was sick twice before he could even get into bed.

69. or else: or if not, or otherwise. This expression is basically used as a threat

He must pay $100 or else go to jail.

Do what I tell you or else!

70. commit:

a. to do, to perform sth. bad, wrong or unlawful to commit an error / many horrible crimes

b. to order sb. to be placed under the control of another or in a mental hospital

The judge committed him to prison

The court committed the man to a lunatic asylum / mental home (hospital).

c. to promise to undertake, make oneself responsible The government has committed more money to improving basic education.

He was fully committed to the plan.

to commit oneself to

The government committed itself to spending ten million pounds on that project.

He has committed himself to support his brother's children.

71. humiliate: to cause to feel humble or to lose the respect of others, to hurt the pride or dignity of He humiliated her beyond endurance.

72. encounter: to meet or be faced by sth. bad, esp. a danger or a difficulty. n. sudden or unexpected, esp. hostile meeting with

What if we should encounter a bear?

73. prejudice: an unreasonable, unfair dislike or preference of sb. or sth, an unfair and often unfavourable feeling or opinion not based on reason or enough knowledge, and sometimes resulting from fear or distrust or ideas different from one's own; An irrational attitude of hostility directed against an individual, a group or a

race. This word in Latin means previous judgement, preconceived judgement or opinion.

Prejudice against women is becoming less severe.

A judge must be free from prejudice.

racial / national prejudice

74. on the part of: by, of

It will arouse deep suspicions on the part of our allies.

I apologize for any mistake on my part.

75. scare; a mark remaining on the skin or an organ from a wound, cut, etc.

76. victim: a person, animal or thing that suffers pain, death, harm, destruction, etc. as a result of other people's actions, of illness, bad luck, etc.

77. genetic damage: a damage, harm, illness which have been passed on / inherited and will be passed on from generation to generation

78. earthly: of this world as opposed to heaven; material worldly as opposed to spiritual

earthly care: daily life and worries, cares on the earth which is in contrast with that in heaven, in death.

文章结构:

Structure—Writing Technique

Section I: (para 1.)

The Arrival

Section II: (The Japanese ...the kimono miniskirt.)

Way to City Hall, General Impression

Section III: (At the door...)

Meeting the Mayor

Section IV: (the hospital)

At the Hospital

and the

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1. Contrast: description of the scenery and of his own emotion

Psychology: Repentant,Penitent. Hiroshima symbolizes war crime, sin, death, terror, etc.

Scenery: lively, happy, vigorous, cheerful, etc.

2. Humour: serious looking men, bob up and down, the cab driver, the usher, meeting the mayor in his socks, spinal column flexible, Hiroshima---oysters, small man with very large eye-glasses, his eyes nearly closed behind their thick lenses, etc.

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修辞学习:

RHETORIC

tenor (subject): the concept, object, or person meant in a metaphor

vehicle (reference): a medium through which something is expressed, achieved, or displayed

Simile: A simile makes a comparison between two unlike things having at least one quality or characteristic in common. The two things compared must be dissimilar and the basis of resemblance is usually an abstract quality. The vehicle is almost always introduced by the word "like" or "as".

Self-criticism is as necessary to us as air or water. The water lay grey and wrinkled like an elephant's skin.

My very thoughts were like the ghostly rustle of dead leaves.

The bus went as slowly as a snail.

Her eyes were jet black, and her hair was like a waterfall.

The comparison is purely imaginative, that is, the resemblance between the two unlike things in that one particular aspect exists only in our minds, and not in the nature of the things themselves.

As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.

Metaphor: A metaphor, like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike things, but the comparison is implied rather than stated. Some say it the substitution of one thing for another, or the identification of two things from different ranges of thought. Contrary to a simile in which the resemblance between two unlike things is clearly stated, in a metaphor nothing is mentioned. It is often loosely defined as "an implied comparison", " a simile without 'like' or 'as'".

Metaphor is considered the most important and basic poetic figure and also the commonest the most beautiful. Snow clothes the ground.

The town was stormed after a long siege.

Boys and girls, tumbling in the streets and playing,

were moving jewels.

I had a lump in my throat

At last this intermezzo came to an end... I was again crushed by the thought...

...when the meaning ... sank in, jolting me...

Metonymy(借代): In Latin, meta means change while onyma means name, so metonymy means the change of name. Metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another. This substituted name may be an attribute of that other thing or be closely associated with it. In other words, it involves a change of name.

She was a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head.

He took to the bottle.

...little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the miniskirt I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact

Metonymy can be derived from various sources:

a. Names of persons

Uncle Sam: the USA

b. Animals

the bear: the Soviet Union

the dragon : the Chinese (a fight between the bear and the dragon)

c. Parts of the body

heart: feelings and emotions

head, brain: wisdom, intelligence, reason grey hair: old age

d. Profession:

the press: newspapers, reporters etc.

He met the press yesterday evening at the Grand Hotel. the bar: the legal profession

e. location of government, business etc.

Downing Street: the British Government

the White House: the US president and his government

the Capital Hill: US Congress

Wall Street: US financial circles

Hollywood: American filmmaking industry

Euphemism: the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest sth unpleasant

eg:

He was sentenced to prison---He is now living at the government's expenses.

The boy is a bit slow for his age.

to go to heaven---dead

to go to the bathroom, do one's business, answer the nature's call, put an end to my life.

Each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares.

Irony:

Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan

the good fortune that my illness has brought me

Anti-Climax:

a town known throughout the world for its---oysters

Alliteration:

slip to a stop

tested and treated

Rhetorical Question

Was I not at the scene of the crime?

词汇(Vocabulary)

reportorial ( adj.) :reporting报道的，报告的

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kimono ( n.) :a loose out garment with short，wide sleeve and a sash。part of the traditional costume of Japanese men and women和服

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preoccupation ( n.) :a matter which takes up an one's attention令人全神贯注的事物

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oblivious ( adj.) :forgetful or unmindful(usually with of

or to)忘却的；健忘的(常与of或to连用)

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bob ( v．) :move or act in a bobbing manner，move suddenly or jerkily；to curtsy quickly上下跳动，晃动；行屈膝礼

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ritual ( adj.) : of or having the nature of，or done as a rite or rites仪式的，典礼的

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facade ( n.) :the front of a building；part of a building facing a street，courtyard，etc．(房屋)正面，门面 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

lurch ( v．) :roll，pitch，or sway suddenly forward or to one side突然向前(或向侧面)倾斜

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intermezzo ( n.) :a short piece of music played alone．or one which connects longer pieces插曲；间奏曲

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gigantic ( adj.) :very big；huge；colossal；immense巨大的，庞大的，其大无比的

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usher ( n.) :an official doorkeeper门房；传达员

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heave (v．) :utter(a sign，groan，etc．)with great effort or pain(费劲或痛苦地)发出(叹息、呻吟声等)

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barge ( n.) :a large boat，usually flat—bottomed，for carrying heavy freight on rivers，canals，etc．；a large pleasure boat，esp. one used for state ceremonies，pageants，etc．大驳船；(尤指用于庆典的)大型游艇 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

moor ( v．) :hold(a ship，etc．)in place by cables or chains to the shore，or by anchors，etc．系泊；锚泊

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arresting (adj.) :attracting attention；interesting；striking

引人注目的；有趣的

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beige ( adj.) :grayish—tan米黄色；浅灰黄色的

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tatami ( n.) :[Jap．]a floor mat woven of rice straw，used traditionally in Japanese homes for sitting on，as when eating[日]日本人家里铺在地板上的稻草垫，榻榻米 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

stunning ( adj.) :[colloq．]remarkably attractive，excellent[口]极其漂亮的；极其出色的

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twinge ( n.) :a sudden，brief，darting pain or pang；a sudden．brief feeling of remorse，shame，etc．刺痛，剧痛；痛心，懊悔，悔恨，内疚

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slay ( v.) :(slew或slayed, slain，slaying)kill or destroy in a violent way杀害；毁掉

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linger ( v．) :continue to live or exist although very close to death or the end苟延；历久犹存

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agony ( n.) :very great mental or physical pain(精神上或肉体上的)极度痛苦

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inhibit ( v．) :hold back or keep from some action，feeling，etc 抑制(感情等)；约束(行动等)

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spinal ( adj. ) :of or having to do with the spine or spinal cord脊背的；脊柱的；脊髓的

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agitated ( adj.) :shaken；perturbed；excited颤抖的；不安的，焦虑的；激动的

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reverie ( n.) :a dreamy，fanciful，or visionary notion or daydream梦想；幻想；白日梦

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heinous (adj.) :outrageously evil or wicked；abominable 极可恨的，极可恶的，极坏的

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cataclysm ( n.) :a violent and sudden change or event．esp. a serious flood or earthquake灾变(尤指洪水、地震等)

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demolish ( v．) :pull down，tear down，or smash to pieces拆毁，拆除；破坏，毁坏

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formaldehyde ( n.) :[chem.]a colorless，pungent gas，HCHO， used in solution as a strong disinfectant and preservation，and in the manufacture of synthetic resins，dyes. etc．[化]甲醛

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ether ( n.) :[chem.]a light colorless liquid made from alcohol，which burns and is easily changed into a

gas(used in industry and as an anaesthetic to put people to sleep before an operation)[化]醚；乙醚

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humiliate ( v．) :hurt the pride or dignity of by causing to be or seem foolish or contemptible使受辱，使丢脸 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

genetic (adj.) :of or having to do with genetics遗传的 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

短语 (Expressions)

have a lump in one’s throat: a feeling of pressure in one’s throat (cause by repressed emotion as love，sadness，etc．)如哽在喉，哽咽(因压制激动的情绪所致，如爱、悲伤等)

例： Many British people had a lump in their throat on hearing the death of Dianna．许多英国人在听到黛安

娜王妃的死讯时如哽在喉。

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on one’s mind: occupying one’s thoughts(esp．as a source of wor- ry，)占领某人的思绪，一直在想的(尤指忧虑的来源)

例： The thought that is always on my mind is whether to go broad or not．我一直在思考的一个问题是究竟要不要出国。

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rub shoulders with: (infml)meet and mix with(people)与(人们)联系，交往

例： The foreign visitors said that they would like to rub shoulders with ordinary Chinese people．那些外国游客们说他们愿意与中国老百姓有来往。

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set off: start(a journey，race，etc．)开始(旅行，赛跑等)

例： If you want to catch that train we’better set off for the station immediately．你要是想赶上那班火车，咱们就最好马上动身去火车站。

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flash by／alorig／past／through: move very quickly in the specified direction急速向某方向运动

例： The train flashed by at high speed火车疾驰而过。

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sink in: (of liquids)go down into another substance；be absorbed (指液体)渗入，被吸收(fig．)(of words，etc．)be fully absorbed or un- derstood：penetrate esp．gradually(指话语等)完全理解

例： Rub the cream on your skin and let it sink in．把这种软膏搽在皮肤上，让它渗进去。 The scale of the tragedy gradually sank in．这一悲惨事件涉及的范围已逐渐完全清楚了。

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by trade: way of making a living，esp．a job that involves making sth．；occupation以…为谋生之道(尤指以制造某物为业)

例： be a butcher，carpenter，tailor，etc．by trade做肉商、木匠、裁缝等

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 课文翻译第二课

广岛——日本―最有活力‖的城市(节 选)

雅各?丹瓦

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―广岛到了!大家请下车!‖当世界上最快的高速列车减速驶进广岛车站并渐渐停稳时，那位身着日本火车站站长制服的男人口中喊出的一定是这样的话。我其实并没有听懂他在说些什么，一是因为他是用日语喊的，其次，则是因为我当时心情沉重，喉咙哽噎，忧思万缕，几乎顾不上去管那日本铁路官员说些什么。踏上这块土地，呼吸着广岛的空气，对我来说这行动本身已是一套令人激动的经历，其意义远远超过我以往所进行的任何一次旅行或采访活动。难道我不就是在犯罪现场吗?

这儿的日本人看来倒没有我这样的忧伤情绪。从车站外的人行道上看去，这儿的一切似乎都与日本其他城市没什么两样。身着和嘏的小姑娘和上了年纪的

太太与西装打扮的少年和妇女摩肩接豫；神情严肃的男人们对周围的人群似乎视而不见，只顾着相互交谈，并不停地点头弯腰，互致问候：―多么阿里伽多戈扎伊马嘶。‖还有人在使用杂货铺和烟草店门前挂着的小巧的红色电话通话。

―嗨!嗨!‖出租汽车司机一看见旅客，就砰地打开车门，这样打着招呼。―嗨‖，或者某个发音近似―嗨‖的什么词，意思是―对‖或―是‖。―能送我到市政厅吗?‖司机对着后视镜冲我一笑，又连声―嗨!‖―嗨!‖出租车穿过广岛市区狭窄的街巷全速奔驰，我们的身子随着司机手中方向盘的一次次急转而前俯后仰，东倒西歪。与此同时，这座曾惨遭劫难的城市的高楼大厦则一座座地从我们身边飞掠而过。

正当我开始觉得路程太长时，汽车嘎地一声停了下来，司机下车去向警察问路。就像东京的情形一样，广岛的出租车司机对他们所在的城市往往不太熟悉，但因为怕在外国人面前丢脸，却又从不肯承认这一点。无论乘客指定的目的地在哪里，他们都毫不犹豫地应承下来，根本不考虑自己要花多长时间才能找到目的地。

这段小插曲后来终于结束了，我也就不知不觉地突然来到了宏伟的市政厅大楼前。当我出示了市长应我的采访要求而发送的请柬后，市政厅接待人员向我深深地鞠了一躬，然后声调悠扬地长叹了一口气。

―不是这儿，先生，‖他用英语说道。―市长邀请您今天晚上同其他外宾一起在水上餐厅赴宴。您看，就是这儿。‖他边说边为我在请柬背面勾划出了一张简略的示意图。

幸亏有了他画的图，我才找到一辆出租车把我直接送到了运河堤岸，那儿停泊着一艘顶篷颇像一般日本房屋屋顶的大游艇。由于地价过于昂贵，日本人便把传统日本式房屋建到了船上。漂浮在水面上的旧式日本小屋夹在一座座灰黄色摩天大楼之间，这一引人注目的景观正象征着和服与超短裙之间持续不断的斗争。

在水上餐厅的门口，一位身着和服、面色如玉、风姿绰约的迎宾女郎告诉我要脱鞋进屋。于是我便脱下鞋子，走进这座水上小屋里的一个低矮的房间，蹑手蹑脚地踏在柔软的榻榻米地席上，因想到要这样穿着袜子去见广岛市长而感到十分困窘不安。

市长是位瘦高个儿的男人，目光忧郁，神情严肃。出人意料的是，刚到广岛车站时袭扰着我的那种异样的忧伤情绪竟在这时重新袭上心头，我的心情又难受起来，因为我又一次意识到自己置身于曾遭受第一颗原子弹轰击的现场。这儿曾有成千上万的生命顷刻之间即遭毁灭，还有成千上万的人在痛苦的煎熬中慢慢死去。

到场的宾客们被互相介绍了一番。他们大多数都是日本人，我也不好开口去问为什么要请我们来这儿聚会。在场的少数几位美国人和德国人看来也同我一样有些局促不安。 ―先生们，‖市长开言道，―我很高兴欢迎你们到广岛来。‖

大家都开始弯腰鞠躬，连在场的西方人也不例外。只要在日本呆上三天，人的脊椎骨就会变得特别地柔韧灵活。

―先生们，你们光临广岛是我们的极大荣幸。‖

大家又开始鞠躬。随着广岛这一名字的一次次重复，大家的面容变得越来越严肃起来。 ―广岛，大家

知道，是一座大家都很熟悉的城市，‖市长接着说道。

―对，对，当然是这样，‖在场的人们低声议论着，脸上的神色越来越不安起来。

―难得有个城市像广岛这样闻名遐迩。我既高兴而又自豪地欢迎诸位来到广岛。令广岛如此举世闻名的乃是它的——牡蛎。‖

我正准备点头对市长的话表示赞同，可就在这时，我突然听明白了刚才这句话末尾几个字的意义，我的头脑也就随之从忧愁伤感中清醒过来。

―广岛——牡蛎?怎么没提原子弹和这个城市所遭受的灾难以及人类有史以来犯下的最大的罪恶呢?‖

市长还在继续演讲，一个劲儿赞美着日本南方的海味。我蹑手蹑脚地退到屋子的后边，那儿有几个人在开小会，没怎么理睬市长的演讲。

―您看上去像是心中有什么疑惑未解似的，‖一个身材矮小、戴着一副特大眼镜的日本人对我说道。

―不错，我得承认我真的没有料到在这儿会听到一番关于牡蛎的演说。我原以为广岛仍未摆脱原子弹灾祸的阴影。‖

―没有人再去谈它了，谁都不愿再提了，尤其是在这儿出生的或是亲身经历了那场灾难的人。‖

―你也是这种态度吗?‖

―我当时就在这个城市，不过没在市中心。我之所以对您讲起这些，是因为我已差不多步入老年了。在这个以牡蛎闻名的城市里有两种截然不同的意见，一种主张保存原子弹爆炸留下的痕迹，另一种则主张销毁一切痕迹，甚至要拆除立于爆炸中心的纪念碑。这一派人还要求拆掉原子博物馆。‖

―你们为什么要这样做呢?‖

―因为那些东西使人伤感，因为时代毕竟在前进。‖小个子日本人面带微笑，一双眼睛在厚厚的镜片后面眯成了一条缝。―假如您要描写这座城市的话，千万别忘记告诉人们这是日本最快乐的城市，尽管这里的市民许多人身上还带着暗伤和明显的灼伤。‖※ 和其

他任何一家医院一样，这家医院里也弥漫着甲醛和乙醚的气味。长得看不到尽头的走廊墙边排列着无数的担架和轮椅，穿廊而过的护士手中都端着镀镍的医疗器械，使得来这儿的健康人一看便脊背发凉。所谓原子病区设在三楼，共有十七个病床。

―我是以打鱼为生的，在这儿已呆了好久了，二十多年了。‖一个身穿日本式睡衣的老人这样对我说。

―你是受的什么伤?‖

―内伤。那场灾难降临时我正在广岛。我看到了原子弹爆炸时的火球，但无论脸上身上都没有灼伤。我当时满街奔跑着寻找失踪的亲友。我以为自己总算是幸免于难了，但到后来，我的头发开始脱落，腹内开始出水，并感觉恶心呕吐。打那时起，他们就一直不断地对我进行体检和治疗。‖

站在我身边的大夫对老人的话作了补充说明：―我们这儿还有一些病人是靠不断的护理医治才得以维持生命的。另有一些病人因伤重不治而死，还有一些自杀身亡。‖

―他们干吗要自杀呢?‖

―因为在这座城市里苟延残喘是一种耻辱。假如你身上有着明显的原子伤痕，你的孩子就会受到那些没有伤痕的人的歧视。男人们谁也不愿娶一个原子弹受害者的女儿或侄女为妻。他们害怕核辐射会造成遗传基因病变。‖

那位老渔民彬彬有礼、兴致勃勃地定睛望着我。

他的病床上方悬挂着一个由许多叠成小鸟形状的五颜六色的纸片结成的大纸团。 ―那是什么?‖我问道。

―那是我的吉祥鸟。每当我从死神那儿挣脱出来的那一天，每当病痛将我从尘世烦恼中解放出来的那一天，我都要叠一只新的小纸鸟，加到原有的纸鸟群里去。我就这样看着这些纸鸟，庆幸病痛给自己带来的好运。因为正是我的病痛使我有了怡养性情的机会。‖

从医院出来，我又一次地撕碎了一个小笔记本，那上面记着我预先想好准备在采访原子病区的病人

时提问的一些问题，其中有一个问题就是：你是否真的认为广岛是日本最充满活力的城市?我一直没问这问题，但我已能从每个人的眼神中体会出这个问题的答案。

习题全解 I .

1)The writer must be an American journalist or reporter.

2)The aim of the visit, I think, was to gather information about Hiroshima today.

3)A lot of sad thoughts were on his mind. There were other visitors from abroad who didn't share his views. The first paragraph shows this to us clearly. 4)He felt a sense of guilt.

5)The Japanese were not preoccupied with the same thought as the writer was.

6)Hiroshima was different from other Japanese cities in that it was destroyed by an atomic bomb on August 6, 1945.

7)Since then, it has been rebuilt with hard work and with the help of education, science and technology.

8)One is an obvious conflict between western influences and the traditional customs. Another is that

the impact of the 1945 bomb attack is still felt or seen till now.

9)Because he thought it was unnecessary to do so since the answers were obvious after his talk with the patients.

10)The answer was the Hiroshima was not the liveliest city in Japan.

Ⅱ .

1)They were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the people around them.

2)As soon as the taxi driver saw a traveler, he immediately opened the door.

3)The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition and new development.

4)1 suffered from a strong feeling of shame when I thought of the scene of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima wearing my socks only.

5)The few Americans and Germans seemed just as restrained as 1 was．

6)After three days in Japan one gets quite used to

bowing to people as a ritual to show gratitude．

7)1 was on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized what he meant．His words shocked me out my sad dreamy thinking．

8)I thought for some reason or other no harm had been done to me．

Ⅲ．See the translation of the text．

Ⅳ．

1)n．+present participle：epoch—making，face—keeping，time consuming，nerve—wracking

2)n．+past participle：home—made，bedridden，sun—burnt， heartfelt

3)n．+adj．：pitch—dark，headstrong，duty—free，coal—black

4)n．+n．+-ed：lion-hearted，iron-fisted，wall—eyed，brick—walled

5)adj．+n．+-ed：stiff-necked，highminded，dull—witted，warm—blooded，empty—headed，cold—blooded

6)adj．+present participle：high—sounding，hard—working, plain-sailing，far—reaching

7)adj．+past participle：high—flown，new-born，finespun, high—strung

Ⅴ．

1)was指事实如此；而must be意为―很可能‖。

2)―Was I at the scene…?‖表示不能断定是不是在那里，而 ―Was I not at the scene…?‖表示肯定是在那里，有―难倒……不是‖的意思。

3)elderly意为―上了年纪的‖，但不算太老。

4)grin指露齿而笑，有时可指傻笑，但不出声；laugh表示大笑；。mile一词最常用，指不出声地微笑，可表示开心、满意、喜爱等等。

5)sketch指很快地勾画出轮廓。

6)careful指认真、周全，小心谨慎以免出错；cautious指处处谨小慎微，以防失败或危险。

7)site大多指一块地方，可大可小；它可能是留作特殊用途的地方，如建筑工地(a building site)，也可能指发生某事的地方或场所，如第一枚原子弹爆炸的地方(site of the first atomic bombardment)。spot所指地点较小。

8)demolish意义比较实在，指彻底拆除，而destroy仅指破坏。

9)gay意为轻松愉快，兴致高。delightful指有魅力，

心情好。

lO)gaze指目不转睛地长久地注视，往往出于好奇、钦羡、着迷等。stare指盯着看，瞪大眼睛看，往往出于吃惊、羡慕等。

Ⅵ．

1)job，task，duty 2)unaware 3)fronts，by the front doors 4)striking/fascinating/strange /

sight；continual，endless， constant 5)sudden，sharp feeling；idea，thought，expectation 6)killed，murdered 7)pain，torture 8)fame

9)daydream，thoughts 1O)atomic disaster

11)tear down， pull down 12)meet with，face

Ⅶ．

1)他刚才所讲的与讨论的问题无关。

2)战场旧址使他回想起那战火纷飞的抗战岁月。

3)他专心致志地工作，完全没有理会周围正在发生的事。

4)记者们看到诺贝尔奖获得者时感到很兴奋。

5)——老师用了个什么字?我没太听清楚。 ——我也没听清楚，很像是preoccupation。

6)又拐了一个弯，我们来到了一个可容几百人的大

岩洞。

7)人们领悟到这骇人听闻的消息之后都惊得目瞪口呆。

8)铁水倒人混铁炉有如把茶水从茶壶倒入茶杯。

9)手术的失败使年青的外科大夫心情沉重。

10)将军常到兵营里去，和普通战士们在一起。

Ⅶ．

1)soil 2)soil 3)earth 4)earth

5)familiar to 6)familiar with 7)puzzled

8)surprising 9)admits 10)had confessed

11)careful 12)cautiously

Ⅸ．

1)There is not a soul in the hall．The meeting must have been put off．

2)The book looks very much like a box. (The book looks much the same as a box. )

3)Sichuan dialect sounds much the same as Hubei

dialect. It is sometimes difficult to tell one from the other.

4)The very sight of the monument reminds me of my good friend who was killed in the battle.

5)He was so deep in thought that he was oblivious of

what his friends were talking about.

6)What he did had nothing to do with her.

7)She couldn't fall asleep as her daughter's illness was very much on her mind.

8)I have had the matter on my mind for a long time.

9)He loves such gatherings at which he rubs shoulders with young people and exchange opinions with them on various subjects.

10)It was only after a few minutes that his words sank in.

11)The soil smells of fresh grass.

12)Could you spare me a few minutes?

13)Could you spare me a ticket?

14)That elderly grey-haired man is a coppersmith by trade.

X. Omitted.

XI.

My Visit to the European Town

One autumn, my friends and I went to Wuxi on

vacation. We decided to visit the European Town first. It

is a park located on the side of Tai Lake. Many European scenic spots are built smaller there and a lot of tourists go there for sightseeing everyday. Because they may never have the chance to see the real ones, they pay to see these imitations.

We arrived at the town late in the morning. It began to drizzle as we stepped inside. But the rain didn't decrease our plea-sure because it was more romantic than in the sunlight. I was deeply impressed by the scenery there. The number of European 31style buildings was beyond my imagination. We saw Triumphal Arch and Eiffel Tower of Paris, the

Windmills of Holland and many others. Here and there, people were taking pictures. In an excited mood, we strolled to each building. We also took a lot of photos there. I liked the one taken in front of Triumphal Arch most. It was so real that you might think I had been to Paris.

We spent the rest of the day there. It was really an unforgetable experience for me.

任课教师上课课表查阅

教师姓名： 林光奕

打印预览

02HiroshimatheLiveliestCityinJapan

教室说明：教室号第一位表示校区(A为A区，B为B区,D为虎溪校区)，第二位 表示教学大楼(若为数字则表示第几教学楼，若为汉字，其表示如下：A区：主--主教学楼，理--理科楼，研--研究生楼，文--文化素质中心(风雨操场内)，B区：综--综合楼，

二--第二综合楼) 在虎溪校区上课的老师的课表以虎溪校区教务办公布的为准 :

查询时间:2008-3-1 12:06:17

高级英语1 课程教学大纲

Advanced English 1

课程编号: 12212015

学 时 数: 64

执 笔 人:唐国平

一、课程的性质和目的

《高级英语1》（选用教材《高级英语》第一册）是针对本科三年级的一门训练学生综合英语技能, 旨在通过听、说、读、写四种技能的综合训练, 提高学生听觉能力, 即席发言、连贯表达、辩论、演讲等语言运用的技巧与能力, 使学生掌握阅读技巧, 提高阅读速度、扩大词汇量、培养词义辨析能力；提高归纳、总结主题与写作能力, 使学生具有较熟练的交际能力,尤其是提高阅读理解、语法、修辞与写作能力的课程。课程通过阅读和分析内容广泛的材料, 涉及政治、经济、社会、语言、文学、教育、哲学等各方面的名家明篇, 扩大学生知识面, 加深学生对社会和人生的理解, 培养学生对名篇的分析和欣赏能力、逻辑思维与独立思考的能力, 巩固和提高学生英语语言技能。每课都相应配有大量相关的练习, 包括阅读理解、词汇研究、文体分析、中英互译和写作练习等。课程结束时, 学生应基本扫除听、说、读、写上的语言障碍, 能对各类作品的主题思想, 篇章结构, 写作风格, 文体修辞等进行较高层次的分析、鉴赏和评价, 基本掌握各种文体的写作方法和自由表达思想理念的语言知识, 并能对自己今后的发展作出准确的决策。

二、课程教学环节的基本要求

课堂讲授：

1、 本教材课文皆为本世纪现代英语的原文, 涉及政治、经济、社会、语言、文学、教育、哲学等方面, 题材和体裁广泛多样, 教师根据实际情况选择7-9篇课文进行精讲, 每课10-12课时左右, 其余课文4-6课时略讲或要求学生自学。

2、除讲解课文内容外, 教师应补充相关知识, 包括时代背景、社会、文化、文学及作家简介, 尽量扩大学生的知识面。

3、引导学生分析文章的结构、主题、语言特点、修辞手段及写作技巧的运用, 提高学生的分析鉴赏能力、对语言文化的领悟力和敏感力及语言运用能力, 陶冶情操。

作业方面：

1、每课的练习项目多, 覆盖面宽, 教师可根据情况选用。练习重点为：词汇辩异、构词法手段、修辞方法、翻译技巧、用英语释义、写作技能的培养。

2、 注重培养学生的自主学习能力和良好的学习习惯, 引导学生自己用英语写注释、作笔记, 学会利用图书馆查找有关参考书和工具书, 为学生进一步继续学习打下基础。

考试环节：

本课程为考试课程, 重点考核语言知识和语言运用能力, 考试内容应包括教材内容及课外阅读, 分别占60%和40%左右。

三、课程的教学内容和学时分配 适用专业: 英语专业本科 学 分 数: 4 编写日期:20xx年8月

Unit 1 The Middle Eastern Bazaar （8学时）

教学内容：

1、讲授第一课The Middle Eastern Bazaar。

2、督促完成课后作业。

教学要求：

1、了解课文背景知识。

2、理解课文内的相关语言点、动词表达的过程和相伴随的声音。

3、 掌握课文中的固定搭配的用法、修辞手法、诉诸于人的意象等写作技巧等。培养学生对名篇的分析与欣赏能力。

重点：Language points such as ―the eye‖ in single form, shadowy distance, penetrate, earthen, measured, veiled women, it is a point of honour…, throw one’s weight on to etc and writing skills.

难点：Motion and noise: to find out whether most of the verbs denote mental, verbal, action and behavioral activities, or whether most of them disclose relation between 2 entities or whether they follow the ―there be‖ pattern.

Most verbs are action verbs which are followed by verbal processes, we then conclude that the dominant action and verbal processes constitute a prominent style of the text.

Unit 2 Hiroshima---- the “liveliest” city in Japan （8学时）

教学内容：

1、介绍课文相关背景

2、讲授第二课内容Hiroshima---- the ―liveliest‖ city in Japan。

3、 评讲课后作业。

教学要求：

1、了解相关背景知识。

2、 理解课文语言点、同义词之间的差异。

3、 掌握心理动词对人物心理状态的描写, 以及作者使用的有别于其它文章的写作技巧等。 重点：The language points in the text, the difference of the synonyms and the diction in the text to meet the needs of the author.

难点：Guilty conscience and sad thought: Most verbs are mental verbs which are followed by verbal processes. While mental verbs refer to the mental activities which give us hints about the feeling directly.

Sharp contrast and big words employed in the text.

The figure of speech used in the lesson.

Unit 4 Everyday use （8学时）

教学内容：

1、介绍相关背景知识。

2、讲授课文Everyday use。

3、处理相关作业。

教学要求：

1、了解everyday / literal language and figure of speech。

2、理解课文中出现的语言点。

3、掌握日常英语和书面正式英语的差异, 同时掌握课文中出现的修辞手法、构词手段和难句的翻译等。

重点：Language points and the analysis of the complicated sentences.

难点：The word-formation and the figures of speech

Unit 6 Blackmail （10学时）

教学内容：

1、绍相关背景知识和语用学部分原则。

2、讲授课文blanckmail。

3、处理相关作业。

教学要求：

1、了解部分语用学原则、理论等。

2、理解课文中会话的语用目的, 伴随物等面相声势等在交际中的作用。

3、掌握会话双方各自的内心活动和为达到自己的目的而使用的话语的言外之意；掌握相关修辞、写作技巧等来熏陶感染学生。

重点：The language points; the function of the cigar in the text; the wonderful diction of the formal and informal words; and the word formation.

难点：The pragmatic strategies: to find out the suitable sentences at suitable occasions. The division of the paragraphs: to find out the reasons why the text is divided into 3 parts. Part 1 from page 91 to page 100; part 2 from page 100 to page 101 and part 3 from page 101 to page 103.

Know sth about how to utter suitable sentences at suitable occasions.

Unit 7 The Age of Miracle Chips （10学时）

教学内容：

1、相关背景知识和计算机和网络术语。

2、授课文the age of miracle chips

3、写作技巧讲述并处理相关作业。

教学要求：

1、了解有关电脑的英语术语。

2、理解课文相关语言点, 长难句的把握和翻译。

3、掌握科技英语的文体特点、科技英语的构词法、时态、语体等。

重点：New words and terms in computer science; word formation; quotation and the tense used in the quotation.

难点：To grasp the style of scientific articles: a lot of made-up words; the use of affixes; complicated sentence structure; the employing of the figure of speech Comparison; Quotation etc.

Unit 9 Mark Twain--- Mirror of America （10学时）

教学内容：

1、Mark Twain相关文学知识介绍。

2、讲授课文Mark Twain--- Mirror of America

3、回答疑难问题, 完成相关作业。

教学要求：

1、了解Mark Twain所在的时代背景和相关文学常识。

2、理解课文Mark Twain--- Mirror of America中出现的语言点, 对疑难短语、长句的翻译理解等。

3、掌握课文的写作方法、技巧、修辞、词汇分析、英汉互译等。

重点：The new words and the phrases in the text; writing skills.

难点：To grasp the background of Mark Twain--- early life; experiences on the Mississippi River; journey west and the birth of ―mark Twain‖; his career as a journalist and his financial difficulties and personal misfortunes.

Unit 10 The trial that rocked the world （10学时）

教学内容：

1、介绍课文相关背景知识。

2、讲授课文The trial that rocked the world 的相关语言点。

3、引领同学欣赏课文中的艺术魅力, 培养对名篇的分析、欣赏能力。

4、处理相关作业, 指导课外阅读。

教学要求：

1、了解时代背景。

2、理解课文相关知识, 理顺课文中的语言点、长难句等语法知识。

3、掌握相关的语法、修辞、词义辨析、阅读技巧和写作技巧。

重点：Language points; the diction to meet different ends and the skills in talk or negotiation; how to give the opponent a death blow.

难点：To analyze the myth of the Scopes trial, Bryan's show and Darrow's finale and the most important part is to know how to give out one’s ideas and how to illustrate it or how to prove it.

四、本课程和其它课程的联系与分工

本课程宜安排在英语专业本科高年级第五学期, 是一、二年级基础英语课程的后续课程。综合英语课程1-4目的在于综合训练学生的听、说、读、写、译的能力, 为学生打下坚实的语言基础。《高级英语1》课程是在基础英语课程的基础上, 重点训练学生的文学欣赏、语言修辞和写作能力, 扩大学生知识面, 加深学生对社会和文化的理解, 培养学生的分析鉴赏、逻辑思维和独立思考能力, 巩固和提高学生英语口头和笔头表达技能。

五、建议教材和教学参考书

建议教材：

张汉熙.《高级英语1》（修订本）. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社,2002.

教学参考书：

[1] 张汉熙.《高级英语1》教师用书（修订本）. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社,1998.

[2] 张鑫友.《高级英语学习指南1》（修订本）. 武汉: 湖北人民出版社,2003.

[3] 梅仁毅等.《高级英语1》教师用书（修订本）. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社,2002.

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