大多欧美企业都非常重视presentation skills，不懂得这一点，是许多在外企工作的人认为自己怀才不遇的原因。我不敢自称presentation高手，但我深谙外企presentation之道，这不是自吹自擂，而是十年外企工作经验的所得。

所谓presentation，不一定非是powerpoint presentation不可。外企对管理人员的衡量指标之一有一个selling skill，其实大多便是从presentation里面得来的印象。外企看重的presentation是所有外企员工展示自己能力最好的平台，不懂得这个道理便做不好presentation.

不论是怎样的presentation，目的都一样——说服别人接受某一个观点，告诉别人他们不了解的事。下面从技术上谈谈几个步骤及要点：

1. Title page或Front page（封面/首页）

以powerpoint为例，一个好的presentation的封面页上要有以下几个要素：

（1）演示题目（长度不超过一行的60%，如太长，应精简文字或设为两行。三行为大忌。）

（2）副标题（不一定要有）

（3）演示人姓名：常用的排版方式是全居中，也可以采用full block或half block，但要与选用的powerpoint template背景配合。

（4）日期

2. Introduction（简介）

演示内容的简要介绍。

3. Agenda（演示专题目录）

这一点至关重要，目的是给听众一个清晰的脉络，给人条理性强的印象。但agenda的页面排版要注意：最好不要超过6行，每行注意长度不要超过页面一行的80%，保证页面整体的视觉效果清晰。

4. 演示正文页面

字数最忌太多。注意给页面给白，并且要按照信息的重要性排好次序，每行字数不要差别太大。正文页面不要使用全局中方式。有一种理论说，每行不要超过6个字，有一定的道理，但不一定。

5. 目录页插入

根据演示进程插入刚开始时的目录页，标明进程。以免观众忘记脉络。

6. Visual aid

适当使用视觉辅助手段很重要，但不要太多，以免喧宾夺主。所谓视觉辅助指的不是office自带的那些剪贴画，而是各种图形、图标等。office的各种图标也尽量不要使用。

7. 动画效果与transition

Office页面动画效果要慎用。除非某个页面有特别强调内容，也不要使用页面转换动画效果。这些都是不专业的表现。

以上是powerpoint页面制作技术层面的要点，更重要的是演示时的理念。

第一，要明确做演示的目的。

如果是培训，要大量使用visual aid，否则枯燥的文字内容很难吸引听众的注意力。

如果是工作汇报，要通过各种指标的分析（使用分析图表和图形），引出分析结果。

第二，语速要变化。这一点不必多说。

第三，不要背对观众。许多做powerpoint演示的人常犯的错误是看屏幕的时间太多，与观众的目光交流太少。给人以看录像的感觉，而容易使观众忽视演示人的表现。还要注意目光交流不能偏颇，防止部分观众感到被忽视。

第四，适当发问。这是防止观众跑神的方法，但不能使用过多。

第五，切忌照屏幕念稿。演示的内容绝不等于屏幕显示的那些字，否则观众用不了三页就没人看演示人了。演示的全过程中始终要让观众的眼睛盯在演示人身上，而不是屏幕上。需要观众看屏幕时要及时提示。这样，观众始终被演示人引导着，演示效果最好，同时加深了演示人的形象。

第六，观察观众的反应，及时解惑，防止迷惑的观众注意力流失。

第七，演示人body language

常见的演示错误是演示人手持打印稿按照演示顺序念，观众或看屏幕，或看发放的稿子，纯粹是传达文字，效果最差。好的presentation是在做到了第五点的基础上用适当的身体语言与观众达成长久的互动交流。

第八，演示过程中不要加入过多自己的评论。

第九，所有演示援引数字、资料要注明出处。跟写学术论文一个道理。

掌握了这些要点，每次的presentation都是你全面展示自己才能的平台了。大多数美国人从幼儿园开始就会做presentation了，而国人大多不善于用这种形式表现。我接触的中国企业，没有一个能做出像样的presentation的，这是他们始终是“不成熟”企业的原因之一。

 

第二篇：Presentation Skills-1

Presentation Skills Handout

Delivery Skills #1 EYE CONTACT

Skillful eye contact is beneficial for the presenter and for the listener. For the presenter, it allows you to rest your eyes on one person at a time. Since we all feel comfortable in one-one conversation, focusing on one person at a time calms us done. For an audience, eye contact allows greater

engagement. They will feel more involved in your presentation, and will find it easier to listen to your message.

HOW:

? Sustain eye contact for 3-5 seconds per person, or one complete thought.

? Move your eyes from person to person deliberately, be careful to look at both sides of the room equally.

? Don’t scan the room briefly resting your eyes on everyone for one second. Slow your focus down.

? Use eye contact to have a “min-conversation” with each person in your audience.

? With large groups, hold eye contact with general areas of the room, so that no one feels left out.

WHY:

? Expresses confidence and credibility

? Show interest and concern for the audience

? Calms you down

PRACTICE IDEAS:

? Place Post-its on a wall when you are practicing. Make sustained eye contact with each Post-it for 5 seconds while practicing your talk. ? When you are conversing with friends or family, practice maintaining eye contact for slightly longer than you normally would. Pay attention and see hot it feels to hold eye contact.

WATHC OUT FOR:

? Blinking. Try to limit blinking by allowing your eyes to gently rest on each member of the audience.

? Individual differences. Be sensitive to people who clearly are avoiding your eye contact. It may be that their cultural background does not This handout was developed by Applied Materials, Inc. 1

Presentation Skills Handout

value eye contact. Or they might be shy. If you see that someone is uncomfortable with your eye contact, back off.

? Playing favorites. We all have a tendency to look at those audience

members who are nodding and smiling. Don’t neglect your supporters, but remember to engage with everyone in your audience.

This handout was developed by Applied Materials, Inc. 2

Presentation Skills Handout

Delivery Skill #2 POSTURE

Good posture is critical to an energetic, confident presentation. Correct presentation posture is often referred as to “neutral posture”. When you use neutral posture, your energy will flow and enhance your message. Be sure to use your neutral posture throughout your presentation, and to return to it whenever you move, look at your notes, change slides, or make a gesture.

Your posture is the foundation for all of your delivery skills. Think of your posture like the foundation of a house. It must be strong and level to support the rest of the structure.

HOW:

? Feet shoulder distance apart.

? Weight evenly balanced on both feet.

? Lean slightly forward on the balls of your feet.

? Arms hang by your side. Relaxed.

? Stand erect, with back and head straight.

WHY:

? Allows you to best express energy.

? Expresses a relaxed, confident image to the audience.

? Provides you with a “ready” position.

PRATICE IDEAS

? Try to use this posture when you are standing in line, or when you are at a party. Any time when you are standing up

? Watch comedians on late night TV. Notice how they stand

? Try presenting while slouching down in a chair. Now try the same talk while neutral posture. Note the difference.

WATCH OUT FOR:

? Leaning on one leg more than the other.

? Crossing your legs.

? Wobbling in any way.

? Rocking from side to side.

? Losing your neutral posture during the presentation or during ? Q & A.

? Standing with your legs too far apart.

This handout was developed by Applied Materials, Inc. 3

Presentation Skills Handout

? Leaning over towards your audience when you present. This handout was developed by Applied Materials, Inc. 4

Presentation Skills Handout

Delivery Skill #3 MOVEMENT

Effective movement is one of the most challenging aspects of presenting. Many presenters stand in one spot, between their laptop and the screen, and move only to change slides. Perhaps even more distracting are those presenter who pace about the room, move tirelessly but with no purpose. Moving deliberately during a presentation builds your credibility, and energizes your presentation style. Many presenters like to move because it is effective way to dissipate their nervous energy. Effective movement is a key differentiator between good and great presenters.

HOW:

? Take at least 4-5 steps and stop in neutral posture, then make eye contact.

? Stay in one place for a thought, and then move to another spot, and return to neutral posture.

? Use changing slides to your advantage. Stop talking when you are ready to change slides, move to your laptop, advance the slides, and then move to a new position before resuming speaking.

? Move away from your laptop when discussing your slides.

? Use the space available in the room.

? If you move into the audience, turn around and top talking while you return to the front of the room.

WHY:

? Creates energy for the audience.

? Helps you direct nervous energy.

? Maintains focus on you.

PRACTICE IDEAS:

? Put Post-it notes on the floor in three different places, about 5 feet away from each other. Practice moving from Post-it to Post-it while talking. Remember to stop, regain neutral posture, and make eye contact when you stop at each Post-it.

? Try presenting while pacing. Note what it does to your presentation style. Does it calm you down or make you more anxious?

? Try presenting while standing perfectly still in neutral posture. How id this experience?

This handout was developed by Applied Materials, Inc. 5

Presentation Skills Handout

WATCH OUT FOR:

? Getting too far into the audience, and not knowing how to get out. ? Losing your neutral posture when you atop moving.

? Moving without ever stopping.

? Letting the screen and your laptop dictate when you move. ? Hovering near your laptop.

This handout was developed by Applied Materials, Inc. 6

Presentation Skills Handout

Delivery Skills #4 GESTURES

One of the most commonly asked questions about presenting is, “What do I do with my hands?” Effective gesturing provides a physical emphasis for your words. During your presentation, your gestures show your style, enthusiasm and conviction.

Conversely, ineffective hand gesture can make you appear awkward and nervous. Most presenters struggle with controlling their hands. Learn how to use your gestures to support your messages, and to make your presentation even more convincing.

HOW:

? Use the gestures that you commonly use, just make them more visible, simple and a bit broader.

? Be sure that your gestures are above the waist.

? Use both one-handed gestures and two-handed gestures throughout your presentation.

? Don’t preplan gestures.

? Return your arm to your side after your gesture.

WHY:

? Gestures support your words.

? Gestures often prompt the presenter to increase animation in face and voice.

? Gestures are visually interesting.

? People naturally gesture in face-face conversation.

PRACTICE IDEAS

? Videotape yourself while conversing with a friend. Note your gestures. ? Try to use overly big gestures while practicing your presentation. Now go back to more natural gestures.

? Watch late night TV hosts when they deliver their monologues. How do they gesture?

WATCH OUT FOR:

? Wringing your hands.

? Placing your hands in a “fig leaf” position.

? Playing with change in your pocket, pens, scarves, jewelry or your neck.

This handout was developed by Applied Materials, Inc. 7

Presentation Skills Handout

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Making the same gesture all the time. Putting your hands on your hips. Putting your hand son the back of your neck. Pointing as a gesture. Many people find pointing offensive.

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Presentation Skills Handout

Delivery Skill #4 VOICE AND VOCAL VARIETY

Think of the best presenter you’ve heard. Probably few of them had

professionally trained wonderful voices. What most great presenters share is the practice of using the voice they have to their advantage. This means projecting energy, enthusiasm, and conviction not just from the words they say, but how they say them.

Using your voice well means taking your time, and speaking clearly.

Native and non-native English speakers can be equally effective with their voices. The most important thing to remember when working on your vocal skills is variety. Monotone delivery is the bane of audience satisfaction.

HOW:

? Use inflection to vary the pitch of our voice. Use higher tones to express excitement and urgency, and use lower tones to convey

seriousness. Inflection is the opposite of monotone.

? Speak at a rate that allows the audience to follow what you are saying. ? Emphasize key words or concepts by slowing down when you say them, or pausing, or saying them more slowly. This will capture the audience’s attention.

? Use your normal conversational tone or voice. Speak as through you are having a conversation with a close friend.

? Create energy in your voice by occasionally speaking more rapidly.

WHY:

? Vocal variety makes it easier for your audience to understand you. ? Inflection and emphasis clarify your message.

? An expressive voice conveys conviction and confidence.

PRACTICE IDEAS:

? When you are leaving voice mail messages, play them back in order to get a sense of how your voice sounds.

? Create several different outgoing messages for your voice mail. Try using vocal variety. Note how the different messages come across. ? Practice vocal variety whenever you are talking on the phone. Be even more expressive than normal. Act as though you are really having fun. Note if you find that your alls are more enjoyable.

This handout was developed by Applied Materials, Inc. 9

Presentation Skills Handout

WATCH OUT FOR:

? Speaking too quickly when you think your audience might be bored. ? Thinking that you are discussing a serious matter, so vocal variety is inappropriate.

? Reading from notes. This tends to make you sound stilted.

? Speaking quickly and without emphasis because you are so familiar with our material. It’s new and fresh to your audience.

This handout was developed by Applied Materials, Inc. 10

Presentation Skills Handout

Delivery Skill #6 PAUSING

Pausing is the easiest, yet most underutilized skill for presenters. All that is required of you it to take a breath in between thoughts, or after you ask a question. The rewards are immense. Your listeners enjoy the opportunity to reflect on what you’ve said. And you have the chance too look at your notes, take sip of water, or simply look at your audience. If it’s so easy, why don’t presenters pause more often? Most presenters are so caught up in delivering their message that they don’t consider slowing down and taking a breath. A final benefit of pausing is that it takes the place of “um” and “ah” when you are thinking about what you will say next.

HOW:

? After you finish a sentence or question, take a breath in and out before speaking again.

? If you find that you are using non-words, pause between thoughts.

WHY:

? To focus audience attention.

? To control your rate of speech.

? For dramatic impact.

? To control use of non-words.

PRACTICE IDEAS:

? Describe your commute to work. Pause between each sentence.

? Leave a voice mail message. Practice pausing between sentences. Play it back.

? Watch late night TV. Observe how comedians pause.

? Choose any poem. Read it aloud with no pauses. Now, read it with many 3-4 second pauses. Note the difference in your ability to

comprehend the poem.

WATCH OUT FOR:

? When you feel rushed, you may have a tendency to forget to pause. ? Pause whenever you ask a question, to give the audience a chance to think about a response.

? Very short pauses. Experiment with pausing up to 3 seconds.

This handout was developed by Applied Materials, Inc. 11

Presentation Skills Handout

? Worrying that your audience will think you don’t know your material

if you pause. Audiences will not notice a pause, unless it’s over 5 seconds long.

? Remember to pause when you are looking at your notes, or walking to

change slides. The audience will be distracted and won’t be listening if you continue talking.

This handout was developed by Applied Materials, Inc. 12

Presentation Skills Handout

Delivery Skill #7 LANGUAGE

The words that you choose can strengthen your message, or undermine it. It’s important to present your everyday language and diction. This makes your presentation more conversational, and thus engages you audience. Don’t attempt to impress your audience with big words, instead find words that clearly and crisply make your point.

HOW:

? Use short sentences (8-15 words).

? Use positive language that tells people why they will want to listen. For example: “This is a powerful way to solve your problems. The next slide displays a problem that I know is important to everyone here.”

? Check your grammar.

? Use analogies to make technical terms come alive.

? The first time you use an acronym, introduce it with a brief descriptor, and then tell the audience that you’ll be using an acronym for the term.

WHY:

? Research shows people can’t process sentences of more than 13 words. ? Using jargon is like speaking a foreign language, and requires your audience to add extra information – processing step.

? Correct word choice sustains attention.

PRACTICE IDEAS:

? List common acronyms and jargon that you use. Promise yourself that you will explain these terms during presentations.

? Practice giving your presentation in front of a friend or colleague. Have them count the number of words in your sentence. Calculate the average length of your sentences.

? Chose a few technical terms prevalent in your organization.

Brainstorm analogies for a term. See how it works to use the analogy. ? Think of a presentation that you have given. Write positively worded transitions for some of the slides that you will present.

WATCH OUT FOR:

This handout was developed by Applied Materials, Inc. 13

Presentation Skills Handout

? Giving you audience the message that what you are saying is not important, or is boring. For example: “I have been tasked with, you probably already know that, I’ll just quickly review this.”

? Jargons and acronyms.

? When speaking to diverse cultural groups, remove colloquialisms and any terms that may be difficult for non-native English speaker to understand.

? Weak language. Avoid saying, “I hope, I’ll try to, I might.” Replace with, “I will, I can, you will.”

Delivery Skill #8 NON-WORDS and CATCH PHRASES

Using “um and ah” and phrases like “okay, basically, actually, last but not least, and alright” diminish the impact of your presentation. Most people use these non-words and catch phrases when they are not confident about the material that they are presenting. It’s easy to rid yourself of these habits if you slow down and pause.

HOW:

? Pause between sentences and thoughts.

? Script the words that you will use to begin main ideas.

? Practice your presentation.

WHY:

? Non-words are one of the most distracting presentation behaviors. ? Non-words and catch phrases make you appear less confident and authoritative.

PRACTICE IDEAS:

? Have a friend listen to you present. Ask that helper to snap their fingers, or clap whenever you use a no-word or catch phrase.

? Tape record yourself speaking. Notice your use of non-words and catch phrases. Re-record yourself saying the same thing, but pausing each time you said a non-word.

? Listen to a voice mail message after you send it. Note your use of non-word. Erase any message that you send which includes non-

words and catch phrases. Keep trying until you get it right.

WATCH OUT FOR:

This handout was developed by Applied Materials, Inc. 14

Presentation Skills Handout

? Planning a presentation by using slides, without thinking about what

you will say. This leads to non-words.

? Feeling too rushed to pause.

This handout was developed by Applied Materials, Inc. 15

Presentation Skills Handout

Delivery Skill #9 FACIAL EXPRESSIONS

Facial expression is another way to connect with your audience. Even when your topic is serious, you can engage the audience by smiling, nodding, and raising your eyebrows. This is another way to introduce variety and interest into your delivery.

HOW:

? Smile naturally as often as possible.

? When you make eye contact, not at the recipient as you make your point.

? Raise your eyebrows when expressing a significant idea.

WHY:

? People respond positively to a presenter who seems to enjoy him/herself/

? Your face is another vehicle for expressing your ideas.

? It’s hard to watch a deadpan presenter.

PRACTICE IDEAS:

? Videotape yourself conversing with a friend. Notice your facial expression. Try to use the same ones when you present.

? Watch other people present. Observe their facial expression. Decide what you find to be most effective.

? Videotape yourself presenting in a way that you consider to be too animated. View the presentation with the sound mute. Evaluate how convincing and confidant you look.

WATCH OUT FOR:

? Feeling that since your topic is serious, you shouldn’t smile. ? Smiling too much, or in a false way.

This handout was developed by Applied Materials, Inc. 16