难句解释

China’s Growth Poses Opportunity and Risk

1. Japan has effectively run out of low-wage workers for its industries, and quickly brought much of its economy up to and in some cases beyond Western technological standards.

日本在工业方面实际上已无低工资的工人可用了，它已快速地将其经济的相当部分提升到，并在某些方面超越了西方的技术标准。

2. But while the danger poses by Japan to other economies over the last decade has taken on the numbing form of economic stagnation and political lassitude, China poses the risk of fast , fast sharp shocks.

但是正当日本在过去十年中对其他经济体构成的威胁呈现出经济迟滞、政治上无所作为的麻木状态时，中国的威胁却是迅猛而又令人惊心的。

3. Its transition from a planned economy to a form of capitalism seems to make it especially susceptible to economic booms and busts, and Chinese officials have begun worrying that an unsustainable bubble is developing.

它由计划经济向某种形式的资本主义的转变似乎使之特别容易受到经济荣衰的影响；中国的官员开始担忧，不可持续的泡沫正在形成。

4. China?s strengths are indeed impressive. Its wage advantage is much greater than Japan?s was a decade or two ago, China has the diplomatic muscle to resist trade and currency concessions that might undermine its competitive edge.

中国的力量确实令人印象深刻。它在工资方面的优势要比一二十年前日本在这方面的优势大得多。中国还有强大的外交力量以阻止贸易与货币方面的退让，这种退让有可能损害其竞争优势。

5. For all these reasons, the Chinese trade surplus with the United States has soared, quintupling in the last decade to $124 billion in 2003.

由于这些原因，中国对美国的贸易顺差得以飞速增长，在过去十年中增加了五倍，于20xx年达到了1240亿美元。

6.Wearing a blue company baseball hat and a blue company-issued shirt, she works 8 to 11 hours a day stuffing power cords, remote controls and other DVD accessories into plastic bags. 她带着公司的蓝色棒球帽，穿着公司发的蓝衬衣，一天工作八到十一个小时，将电源线，摇控器及其他DVD配件塞进一个个塑料袋中。

7. 5. The biggest question lingering over China is how vulnerable it remains to acute setbacks____ a banking failure, an inflationary spiral, even a temporary bust.

一个一直以来让中国挥之不去的最大问题是，它对于急剧的挫折仍是如何脆弱，诸如银行破产、螺旋式通货膨胀，那怕是短暂的经济衰退等。

After three decades of spectacular growth, China passed Japan in the second quarter to become the world’s second-largest economy behind the United States, according to government figures released early Monday.

根据早在周一政府公布的数字，经过30年的惊人的增长之后，中国已于第二季度超过了日本，成为了仅次于美国的世界上的第二大经济体。

China is already a major driver of global growth.

中国已是全球增长的主要推动力。

Economists say that China’s economy is too heavily dependent on exports and investment and that it needs to encourage greater domestic consumption — something China has struggled to do.

经济学家说，中国的经济对出国与投资的依赖太强，它需要进一步刺激国内的消费，而这正是中国一直以来竭力在做的一件事。

Best Graduate Schools

1. A rollicking children?s tune blares as students enter LIS406___ a graduate-level library science course at the University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign.

在欢快的儿童乐曲的喧闹声中，学生们进入了LIS406的课堂，这是伊利诺伊大学Urbana-Champaign分校的一门研究生级别的图书馆学课程。

2.The classroom is a virtual one, with students logging in from bedrooms and offices all over the globe.

这间教室是虚拟的。学生们是从全球各地的寝室、办公室上网来到这里的。

3.In just the past year, remote enrollment has more than tripled,, to 4,441, at the University of Maryland University College, one of the most established distance-ed providers.

就在去年，马里兰州大学大学学院的远程教育招生人数就增加了三倍多，达到了4441人。该校是最有建树的远程教育的提供单位之一。

4. This trend has given rise to an older pool of graduate students: Today, more than half are over age 30, and nearly one quarter are over 40.

这一趋势带来了一批年龄较大的研究生。如今，一半以上的研究生年龄在30岁以上，将近四分之一年龄超过了40岁。

5. I had always wanted a master?s degree, but it’s hard to suspend a career and a family for it, especially when the closest school of public health is four hours away.

我一直想要一个硕士学位，但是为了学位而中断事业，并暂时置家庭于不顾却是困难的。特别是当最近的一所公共健康专业的研究生院距离我所在的地方也有四个小时的车程的时候更是如此。

6. She says the discussions between student and professor, and among peers, were more rigorous than those she experienced in the two on-campus master?s programs she previously attended. “We needed to cite references for everything we said [in E-mail postings],” explained Behrend. 她说，学生与教授之间，以及同辈人之间的讨论都要比她以前在校园里经历的两个硕士学位课程的讨论严谨得多。“我们不管说什么，都要交待出处【以电子邮件发帖子的形式】”Behrenc解释说。

7，Education requires a relationship between people because it?s a process of identity formation, validation, encouragement, emulation, and inspiration. This only happens face to face.

教育需要人际关系，因为它是一个形成个性，被人认可，相互鼓励，相互竞争，并从彼此身上获取灵感的过程。而这只有面对面时才可能发生，

补充读物：

8.Once targeted at older, working adults, distance learning has moved into the education mainstream at stunning speed over the past couple of years, as technology allows ever-richer, more-interactive learning experiences online----- and as college costs continue to rise and classrooms are packed to capacity.

随着技术的发展令比以往任何时候更为丰富，更多互动的网上学习体验成为可能，随着大学学费的持续上涨以及教室设计容量的饱和，曾经面向年龄较大，在职成年人的远程教育，在过去几年中以一种令人震惊的速度进入了教育的主流。

The Economy Sucks. But Is It ’92 Redux?

1. Not since James Carville helped Bill Clinton take the White House 16 years ago by reminding him “it?s the economy,stupid,” has the nation?s economic state played such a key role in a presidential campaign.

自詹姆斯.卡费尔十六年前以“是经济，伙计”提醒比尔.克林顿，帮助他入主白宫以来，这个国家的经济状况还从来不曾像现在这样在总统竞选活动中发挥如此关键的作用。

14. CNN?s exit poll found that 97 percent of Democrats and 80 percent of Republicans expressed anxiety about the economy.

CNN有线新闻网进行的出口民调显示，百分之九十七的民主党人与百分八十的共和党人都对经济表现了担忧。

3. Voters? perceptions matter more than whether the economy is technically expanding or contracting.

选民的感觉与经济实际上是在扩张还是在收缩相比，更为重要。

4. Just two years ago, Wall Street economists spoke of a Goldilocks economy, in which everything was just right. These days, it?s the three bears.

就在两年前，华尔街的经济学家们还在谈论金发女孩经济，说一切恰到好处。这些日子讲的却是三只熊。

5. In a recent interview with NEWSWEEK, Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson, the former Goldman Sache chief executive officer who is the administration?s designated market whisperer, stayed upbeat and on message.

在《新闻周刊》最近的一次采访中，前高盛集团董事长、政府指定的向市场吹风的人，财政部长亨利.波尔逊还保持乐观的态度，并按照政府的口径说话。

6. The farm belt is thriving, thanks to record prices for grains. Regions that produce coal, gas, oil or minerals are riding the global energy boom.

主要生产农产品的地带，得益于创记录的粮食价格，而兴兴向荣。生产煤、天然气、石油或其他矿产品的地区，也因为全球能源产业的兴旺而兴旺。

7. If the economy teeters into recession this year, it will be because the hardy American consumer____ who accounts for 70 percent of economic activity ____ has finally hit the wall. And when consumers stop spending, the companies that cater to them idle and lay off, which, in turn, leads to more reduced spending.

如果今年经济真地摇摇摆摆地步入了衰退的话，其原因一定是因为很有韧性的美国的消费者——他们占到了整个经济活动的百分之七十——终于到了精疲力竭的地步。当销费者停止消费以后，那些迎合他们需求的公司便会无事可做，开始裁员，而这反过来又会进一步导致消费的减少。

8. Defaults on subprime mortgage led to a credit squeeze.

次级抵押贷款的违约导致了信贷紧缩。

9. In California, slowing economic activity is already producing one of the most unwelcome byproducts of an economic slump: declining government receipts.

在加州，逐渐萧条的经济已在产生经济衰退最不受人欢迎的副产品之一：政府收入的减少。

10.Credit card giant Capital One Financial had to set aside $1.9 billion for bad loans in the fourth quarter, thanks to higher write-offs of auto and credit-card loans.

由于汽车与信用卡贷款注销比率的提高，信用卡巨人第一资本金融公司不得不在第四季度拨出十九亿美元以清算不良贷款。

11.Government responses to recessions come in two forms: fiscal policy (stimulus packages) and monetary policy (lowering interest rates).

政府对衰退的回应方式分两种：财政政策（刺激经济的一揽子一揽子方案）与货币政策（降低利率）。

12. Bush?s upcoming State of the Union address will likely include a grab bag of tax proposals intended to jolt the economy back to life.

布什即将发表的国情咨文很有可能提供一个包括各种税务建议的摸彩袋，旨在让经济重新恢复活力。

13. Chairman Ben Bernanke last Thursday said the central bank is prepared to take more dramatic actions (read :more cuts) given that “the baseline outlook for real activity in 2008 has worsened”.

本. 伯南克主席上周四说，中央银行准备采取更激进的行动（解读为：进一步降息），因为“20xx年真实经济活动的预期底线已经恶化了”。

14. The white-shoe law firm where associate pay starts at $ 160,000, just laid off 36 attorneys.. 那家初级律师的起薪就达到了160000美元的一流的律师事务所刚刚裁掉了36个律师。

15. But the assumptions that a proactive Federal Reserve can bail out the economy may not pan out this time.

但是那些认为采取先发制人策略的美联储能使经济摆脱困境的假设这一次有可能落空。 Pan out, (informal), develop, turn out,（指事情或环境）发展、结果

Obama Makes History

1, Sen. Barack Obama of Illinois was elected the nation?s 44th president yesterday, riding a reformist message of change and an inspirational exhortation of hope to become the first African American to ascent to the White House.

伊利诺伊州参议员奥巴马昨天当选为这个国家的第44位总统，他凭借着一个改革者的改革信息以及让人们燃起希望的激动人心的规劝，成了入主白宫的第一位非洲裔的美国人。

2. It ushered in a new era of Democratic dominance in Congress, even though the party fell short of its goal of capturing the 60 Senate votes needed for a filibuster-proof majority.

它带来了民主党人在国会占支配地位的新时代，尽管该党未能实现在参议院赢得60张选票的目标，因为只有这样的多数才能阻止反对党以冗长的演说拖延国会的表决。

3.Even when the party seized control of Congress two years ago, the razor-thin margin in the Senate had allowed Republicans to hinder its efforts.

尽管两年前该党已经控制了国会，但它在参议院的微弱多数仍使共和党人得以阻止他们的努力。

4. Obama became the first Democrat since Jimmy Carter in 1976 to receive more than 50 percent of the popular vote, and he made good on his pledge to transform the electoral map.

奥巴马成了继19xx年吉米. 卡特之后第一位赢得了百分之五十以上普选票的民主党人，他实现了要改变选举态势图的承诺。

5.He passed the needed 270 electoral votes just after 11 p.m., with victories in California and Washington state.

随着他在加利福利亚州与华盛顿州的胜出，晚十一点刚过，他就超出了当选所必需的270张以上的选举人票。（注意全部选举人票为538张，electoral votes, electoral college votes选举人票, Cf: popular votes普选票或民选票）

6. Obama melded the pride and aspirations of African Americans with a coalition of younger and disaffected voters drawn to his rhetorical style, and a unified base of Democrats worried about

the economy and frustrated with the war in Iraq.

奥巴马将非洲裔美国人的自豪与抱负，被其极富修辞色彩的演讲所吸引的较为年轻且对现实不满的选民，还有对经济形势担忧、对伊拉克战争感到沮丧的团结一致的民主党人融合为一体。

7. The election was in many respects a referendum on the two-term president, whose popularity has plunged to the lowest levels since the 1930s, because of his administration ?s handling of the economy, Hurricane Katrina, and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

这次大选就很多方面而言，是对这位连任两届的总统的一次全民公决。由于他的政府在处理经济问题、卡特里娜飓风以及伊拉克与阿富汗战争等方面表现不力，他受欢迎的程度已降到19xx年代以来历任总统中最低的地步。

8.Republicans watched yesterday as the electoral map turned blue in places where they have labored for a decade to cultivate a permanent, conservative voter base that would ensure presidential victories.

共和党人昨天目睹了他们苦苦经营了十年，试图建立永久性的保守选民票仓，以确保总统大选获胜的一些地方倒向了民主党人，选举态势图因此（由红色）变成了蓝色。

Why the Monarchy Must Stay

1. It is human nature to require a leader at the helm. In our century we have looked to our heads of state for this role.

需要一个领导人来掌舵是人类的天性。在这个时代，我们一直指望我们的国家元首扮演这个角色。

2.As constitutional monarch, Queen Elizabeth II holds powers that may surprise many. She can choose a prime minister dissolve Parliament and declare war.

作为一位立宪君主，伊丽莎白二世拥有的的权力之大可能会令许多人吃惊。她可以选择首相、解散议会、还可以宣战。

3.It is one of the great strengths of monarchy that it has never taken sides in any political debate, that it shows itself, as an institution, to be evenhanded.

君主制的强大力量之一就在于它不曾在任何政治辩论中站在任何一方，它作为一种机制表现出来的是不偏不依。

4.This apolitical stance has made it possible for the political culture of Great Britain to assimilate, with relative ease, theories that would appear on the face of things to be radically at odds with a system of monarchical government___ for example, socialism.

这种超越政治的立场使得大不列颠的政治文化可以相对容易地吸纳那些从表面上看来与君主制政府格格不入的理论，如社会主义。

5. Any replacement would be ruinously costly, both in financial terms and also in terms of the loss of a unifying national symbol and vital historical link.

任何替代势必付出惨重的代价，无论从财政的角度，还是从失去一个统一国家的象征与极其重要的历史纽带的角度来看都是如此。

6. Monarchy?s legitimacy flows form its history and tradition and from the fact that it cannot be overwhelmed by any short-lived cult of personality.

君主制的合法性来自于历史与传统、来自于这样一个事实，它不会被任何短命的个人崇拜所压倒。

7.There is still no focus for this opposition, nor has any popular political party taken up the call for

the monarch’s removal.

目前这一反对运动还没有焦点，也没有任何一个受欢迎的政党出来号召人们推翻现君主。

He’s just like you and me, except for the 31bn pound fortune

1.Proclaimed the world?s richest man last week, the American investment strategist eats at his local grill and drives to work from the modest home that he bought in unfashionable Omaha, Nebraska, in 1958, which is today valued at about 350,000 pounds.

这位上周被宣布为世界首富的美国投资策略师平时在当地的小餐馆就餐，开车从家里去上班。他那幢不大的房子是19xx年置下的，位于内布拉斯加州不怎么现代化的小镇欧马哈，如今它大约值35万英镑。

2. I feel sorry for people who are consumed by possessions.

我为那些被财产所累的人感到难过。

3.Known for his wry homilies, Buffett has bet his house in jest against that of his friend and bridge partner Bill Gates, the Microsoft co-founder now relegated from first to third place in the zillionaire stakes, according to Forbes magazine.

巴菲特以幽默嘲讽的说教著称，他曾带着开玩笑的口吻拿自己的房子与他的朋友、桥牌搭档比尔. 盖茨的房子打赌。后者是微软的创始人之一，根据《福布斯》杂志，他在亿万富豪的排行榜中已从原来的第一降到了第三。

4. He walked away from the dotcom boom in the 1990s. sticking with boring blue-chips such as Gillette, Coca-Cola and American Express. He always came up smelling of greenbacks.

19xx年代英特网的股票火了，他却避之唯恐不及，仍然坚持持有不活跃的蓝筹股，如吉列、可口可乐、美国运通等。他走过来时身上总散发出美元的味道。

5. His first dabble in the stock market earned him a $2 profit before the shares shot up, teaching him that patience pays off.

在证券市场的的首次尝试让它得到了两美元的利润，但该股票在他拋出后立即猛涨，这使他意识到，只有耐心才能获得大的回报。

6. His strategy was to search for “cigar butt” companies, no longer of interest to the market and thus undervalued, but which still had “a few puffs” left in them.

他的策略就是寻找“烟头”公司，市场对它们已不感兴趣，因此价值往往被低估，但它们还可以抽上几口。

7. They should quit talking about bad apples and reflect instead on their own behaviour.” 他们应该不再讲什么害群之马，转而反省自己的行为。

Ahead-of-the-curve Careers

1. Alas, the cutting-edge too often turns out to be the bleeding edge, so here are some careers that ,while relatively new, are already viable and promise further growth.

唉，新潮的到头来往往也是具有风险的，因此这里介绍的是一些，虽然相对而言比较新，但却是已经可以获得，且有望进一步发展的事业。

2. Hospitals, insurers, and patients families will hire patient advocates to navigate the labyrinthine and ever more parsimonious healthcare system.

医院、保险公司与病人家属将会雇用医疗顾问，以帮助他们自如地利用这迷宫般的，开支控制越来越严的医疗保健体系。

3.On the preventive side, people will move beyond personal trainers to wellness coaches, realizing that doing nother 100 pushups won?t help if they?re smoking, boozing, and enduring more stress than a rat in an experiment.

在预防方面，当人们认识到如果他们仍然抽烟、酗酒、并继续承受比实验中的老鼠更多的压力的话，即使再多做一百个俯卧撑也是没有用的，他们会因此离开私人健身教练转而寻求保健教练的帮助。

4. An under-the-radar career that is core to the digital enterprise is data miner. Online customers provide enterprises with high-quality data on what to sell and for individualized marketing.

一个对于数字化企业至关重要但不引人注目的职业是数据挖掘员。网上的客户能为企业提供有关销售什么以及个性化营销所需要的高质量的数据。

5. Once those deals are made, offshoring managers are needed to oversee those collaborations as well as the growing number of offshored jobs.

一旦那些交易达成了，就需要外派经理去监管那些合作项目，以及数量日益增加的外包工作。

6. In the meantime, the unsung heroes who will bring this true revolution to pass will include computational biologists and behavioral geneticists.

与此同时，即将带来这场真正革命的无名英雄中将包括计算机生物学家与行为遗传学家。

7.The environmental wave is creating jobs in everything from sales to accounting in companies making green products, regulatory positions in government, and grant writing, fundraising, and litigation work in nonprofits.

环保主义的浪潮在各处创造工作机会，如生产绿色产品的公司内从销售到会计等各种职务，政府机构中负责监管的职位，以及非营利企业中财产转让契约合同的书写、集资及诉讼等工作。

8.Among the more interesting green careers, thousands of engineers are working on such projects as hydrogen-powered cars, more efficient solar cells, and coal pollution sequestration systems.

在比较有趣的环保事业中包括数以千万计的工程师们正在从事的诸如氢气作为动力的汽车、效率更高的太阳能电池，以及煤污染回收系统等研究项目。

Meeting the Asian Challenge

1. China is running massive manufacturing trade surplus with the U.S. Meanwhile, India seems to be absorbing big chunks of the U.S. info-tech job market, as politicians and corporate leaders warn darkly of endless supplies of inexpensive Indian engineers taking help-desk and programming jobs once held by U.S. workers.

中国在制造业方面对美国有巨大的贸易顺差。与此同时，由于某些政客与公司负责人忧心忡忡地警告说，源源不断的廉价的印度工程师正夺去以前由美国的工程人员所拥有的技术支持及编程工作，印度似乎正大块大块地呑噬着美国信息技术的劳务市场。

2. In particular, basic research and early-stage applied research is quite properly the province of government.

特别是基础研究与早期的运用研究理所当然地是政府的职责范围。

3. Figures from the National Science Foundation show that government R&D outlays fell from 0.96% of GDP in 1992 to 0,67% in 2000 before bouncing back up again over the past few years.

国家科学基金会的数字表明，政府对研发的投入从19xx年占GDP的0.96%降到了.20xx年的0.67%，直到过去几年才又反弹回来。

4. Venture capital, high-yield bonds, and initial public offerings provided market financing for innovative tech companies on an unsurpassed scale, which helped create enormous numbers of new jobs in the U.S.

风险投资、高息债券、原始股以无法超越的规模为革新技术公司提供了市场融资，这有助于美国创造大量的新的工作岗位。

5, The U,S IT industry prospered in the ?90s by using stock options to attract top talent from all over the world; they came because of the chance to win big if their company went public.

美国的IT业90年代因为能用优先认股权吸引世界各地的顶尖人才而兴盛，他们之所以来是因为一旦他们所在的公司上市了，他们就有可能大赚一笔。

Free-talking and fast results

1. Its business culture, which has brought the world “shareholder value” and “IPOs”, has been leading commercial thinking in recent years and will continue to do so.

它那给世界带来了”股东价值”与”原始股”的商业文化近年来一直是起主导作用的商业思维，而且还将继续如此。

2. There is liberal use of a sense of humor that is more direct than it is in the UK.

幽默感的运用很随意，与联合王国相比，这种幽默更为直接。

3. They communicate in an informal and direct manner on a first-name basis.

他们以一种非正式的直接的方式相互交流，彼此直呼其名。

4. Conducting negotiations on a highly professional level and making presentations with the help of state-of-the-art technology is appreciated in the US.

在高度专业的层次进行谈判，借助最新潮的技术演讲，这在美国都会得到欣赏。

5. You should observe a negotiated agenda, or even a draft agreement.

你得遵守经过谈判达成的议事日程，那怕是一个草拟的协议也得遵守。

English Out to Conquer the World

1. When pop singers from Hong Kong to Heidelberg ring out their songs ,the lyrics as often as not are in English.

当流行歌手从香港到海德堡来演唱时，其歌词往往是英文的。

2.English has become to the modern world what Latin was to the ancients, dominating the planet as the medium of exchange in science, technology, commerce, tourism, diplomacy and pop culture.

英语之于现代世界就如同拉丁语于古人那样，它作为科学、技术、商业、旅游业、外交与流行文化的交流媒介而支配着整个星球。

3. Inevitable as “English creep”seems to be, it often bumps into walls of opposition.

英语不声不响地扩张似乎是不可避免的，它常常会撞到反对的壁垒。

4. After the new language came to England with the Germanic tribes in the fifth century, it was augmented by the Scandinavian words of the Vikings in the ninth century and infused with the French of the Norman conquerors after 1066.

就在这个新语言随着日耳曼部落于五世纪来到英格兰之后，九世纪北欧海盗带来的斯堪的纳

维亚的语词使其词汇量得以丰富，1066年之后，它又被注入了诺曼征服者的法语语词。

5. More speak Chinese__ some 1 billion people but use of Chinese outside its populous homeland or ethnic enclaves in other countries is rare,

更多的人讲汉语——大约有十亿，但在其人口众多的本土及其他国家内华人聚居的地方之外，汉语的使用却是稀少的。

6. English is the native language of 12 countries and an official or semiofficial tongue in 33 others where it is used to conduct at least some government business.

英语是十二个国家的母语，在其他三十三个国家中它是官方或半官方的语言，在那些地方它至少会被用于某些政务。

7. For the young, American phrases are “top of the pops,” and on the street, signs read:”Hi-Fi” “Fast Food” and Le Scoop du jour”, meaning “Today’s Special.”

对于年青人而言，美语就是“top of the pops（位于流行音乐排行榜的首位）”，及街头招牌上写的“Hi-Fi（高保真）”“Fast Food（快餐）” 与意为“今日特价菜”的Le Scoop du jour“

8. The flow of investment money from France into Quebec has increased, but the French-only policy has led to a brain drain.

魁北克省来自法国的投资是增加了，但这种只准用法语的政策却已遭致人才的流失。

9. Whether it come with an American or British accent, the world’s latest lingua franca will keep spreading.

不管是伴随美国口音还是英国口音，世界上这个最新的交际语将会继续扩大自己的范围。